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THIRUMALAI A, ELBOUGHDIRI N, HARINI K, GIRIGOSWAMI K, GIRIGOSWAMI A. Phosphorus-carrying cascade molecules: inner architecture to biomedical applications. Turk J Chem 2023; 47:667-688. [PMID: 38174062 PMCID: PMC10760543 DOI: 10.55730/1300-0527.3570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Cascade molecules are nearly uniform-sized macromolecules of small molecules or linear polymer cores built around symmetric branching units. A wide range of biological properties can be achieved with phosphorus-containing dendrimers, depending on their terminal functions, ranging from biomaterials to imaging, drug delivery, and acting as a drug by themselves. This feature article presents significant examples of phosphorus-containing dendrimers used to develop biochips, support cell cultures, carry or deliver biomacromolecules and drugs, bioimaging, and combinational benefits. Because of the thermal stability, ferrocene function, and physical and chemical properties of phosphorus, dendrimers show greater rigidity, mobility, and strength. These dendrimers will be discussed as having a favorable effect on cell growths, especially on neuronal cells, as well as human immune cells like natural killer cells and monocytes, which have a crucial part in preventing cancerous and viral infections. Several phosphorus dendrimers are effective as drugs by themselves (drug per se) and show their activity against neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, inflammation, ocular hypertension, and transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs) in both in vivo and in vitro. The present review discusses the synthetic route, fabrications, and biomedical applications of phosphorus-containing dendrimers. The toxicity of these dendrimers was also reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anbazhagan THIRUMALAI
- Department of Medical Bionanotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Chennai, TN,
India
| | - Noureddine ELBOUGHDIRI
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Hail, Hail,
Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemical Engineering Process, National School of Engineers Gabes, University of Gabes, Gabes,
Tunisia
| | - Karthick HARINI
- Department of Medical Bionanotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Chennai, TN,
India
| | - Koyeli GIRIGOSWAMI
- Department of Medical Bionanotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Chennai, TN,
India
| | - Agnishwar GIRIGOSWAMI
- Department of Medical Bionanotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Chennai, TN,
India
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Apartsin E, Akhir A, Kaul G, Saxena D, Laurent R, Srivastava KK, Mignani S, Majoral JP, Chopra S. Low-Generation Cationic Phosphorus Dendrimers: Novel Approach to Tackle Drug-Resistant S. aureus In Vitro and In Vivo. Biomacromolecules 2023. [PMID: 37269298 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.3c00266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The incessant, global increase in antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a very big challenge for healthcare systems. AMR is predicted to grow at an alarming pace, with a dramatic increase in morbidity, mortality, and a 100 trillion US$ loss to the global economy by 2050. The mortality rate caused by methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) is much higher as compared to infections caused by drug-susceptible S. aureus. Additionally, there is a big paucity of therapeutics available for treatment of serious infections caused by MRSA. Thus, the discovery and development of novel therapies is an urgent, unmet medical need. In this context, we synthesized AE4G0, a low-generation cationic-phosphorus dendrimer expressing potent antimicrobial activity against S. aureus and Enterococcus sp., and demonstrating a broad selectivity index against eukaryotic cells. AE4G0 exhibits concentration-dependent, bactericidal activity and synergizes with gentamicin, especially against gentamicin-resistant MRSA NRS119. Fluorescence and scanning electron microscopy demonstrate that treatment with AE4G0 led to the utter destruction of S. aureus ATCC 29213 without inducing resistance, despite repeated exposure. When tested in vivo, AE4G0 demonstrates significant efficacy against S. aureus ATCC 29213, alone and in combination with gentamicin against gentamicin-resistant S. aureus NRS119 in the murine skin model of infection. Taken together, AE4G0 demonstrates the potential to be translated as a novel therapeutic option for the treatment of topical, drug-resistant S. aureus infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeny Apartsin
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination du CNRS, 205 Route de Narbonne, BP 44099, 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 31400 Toulouse, France
- CNRS, Bordeaux INP, CBMM, UMR5248, Univ of Bordeaux, F-33600 Pessac,France
| | - Abdul Akhir
- Division of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sitapur Road, Sector 10, Janakipuram Extension, Lucknow-226031, Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Grace Kaul
- Division of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sitapur Road, Sector 10, Janakipuram Extension, Lucknow-226031, Uttar Pradesh India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India
| | - Deepanshi Saxena
- Division of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sitapur Road, Sector 10, Janakipuram Extension, Lucknow-226031, Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Regis Laurent
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination du CNRS, 205 Route de Narbonne, BP 44099, 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 31400 Toulouse, France
| | - Kishore Kumar Srivastava
- Division of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sitapur Road, Sector 10, Janakipuram Extension, Lucknow-226031, Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Serge Mignani
- UNICAEN, CERMN (Centre d'Etudes et de Recherche sur le Medicament de Normandie), 14032 Caen, France
- CQM─Centro de Quimica da Madeira, MMRG, Campus da Penteada, Universidade da Madeira, 9020-10519, Funchal, Portugal
| | - Jean-Pierre Majoral
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination du CNRS, 205 Route de Narbonne, BP 44099, 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 31400 Toulouse, France
| | - Sidharth Chopra
- Division of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sitapur Road, Sector 10, Janakipuram Extension, Lucknow-226031, Uttar Pradesh India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India
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3
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Apartsin E, Venyaminova A, Majoral JP, Caminade AM. Dendriplex-Impregnated Hydrogels With Programmed Release Rate. Front Chem 2022; 9:780608. [PMID: 35071182 PMCID: PMC8766751 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.780608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogels are biocompatible matrices for local delivery of nucleic acids; however, functional dopants are required to provide efficient delivery into cells. In particular, dendrimers, known as robust nucleic acid carriers, can be used as dopants. Herein, we report the first example of impregnating neutral hydrogels with siRNA-dendrimer complexes. The surface chemistry of dendrimers allows adjusting the release rate of siRNA-containing complexes. This methodology can bring new materials for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeny Apartsin
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination, CNRS, Toulouse, France.,LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse, France.,Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia.,Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Alya Venyaminova
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Jean-Pierre Majoral
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination, CNRS, Toulouse, France.,LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Anne-Marie Caminade
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination, CNRS, Toulouse, France.,LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse, France
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4
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Mignani S, Tripathi VD, Soam D, Tripathi RP, Das S, Singh S, Gandikota R, Laurent R, Karpus A, Caminade AM, Steinmetz A, Dasgupta A, Srivastava KK, Majoral JP. Safe Polycationic Dendrimers as Potent Oral In Vivo Inhibitors of Mycobacterium tuberculosis: A New Therapy to Take Down Tuberculosis. Biomacromolecules 2021; 22:2659-2675. [PMID: 33970615 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.1c00355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The long-term treatment of tuberculosis (TB) sometimes leads to nonadherence to treatment, resulting in multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) tuberculosis. Inadequate bioavailability of the drug is the main factor for therapeutic failure, which leads to the development of drug-resistant cases. Therefore, there is an urgent need to design and develop novel antimycobacterial agents minimizing the period of treatment and reducing the propagation of resistance at the same time. Here, we report the development of original and noncytotoxic polycationic phosphorus dendrimers essentially of generations 0 and 1, but also of generations 2-4, with pyrrolidinium, piperidinium, and related cyclic amino groups on the surface, as new antitubercular agents active per se, meaning with intrinsic activity. The strategy is based on the phenotypic screening of a newly designed phosphorus dendrimer library (generations 0-4) against three bacterial strains: attenuated Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Ra, virulent M. tuberculosis H37Rv, and Mangora bovis BCG. The most potent polycationic phosphorus dendrimers 1G0,HCl and 2G0,HCl are active against all three strains with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) between 3.12 and 25.0 μg/mL. Both are irregularly shaped nanoparticles with highly mobile branches presenting a radius of gyration of 7 Å, a diameter of maximal 25 Å, and a solvent-accessible surface area of dominantly positive potential energy with very localized negative patches arising from the central N3P3 core, which steadily interacts with water molecules. The most interesting is 2G0,HCl, showing relevant efficacy against single-drug-resistant (SDR) M. tuberculosis H37Rv, resistant to rifampicin, isoniaid, ethambutol, or streptomycin. Importantly, 2G0,HCl displayed significant in vivo efficacy based on bacterial counts in lungs of infected Balb/C mice at a dose of 50 mg/kg oral administration once a day for 2 weeks and superior efficacy in comparison to ethambutol and rifampicin. This series of polycationic phosphorus dendrimers represents first-in-class drugs to treat TB infection, could fulfill the clinical candidate pipe of this high burden of infectious disease, and play a part in addressing the continuous demand for new drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serge Mignani
- Laboratoire de Chimie et de Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologique, PRES Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 860, Université Paris Descartes, 45, rue des Saints Pères, 75006 Paris, France.,CQM-Centro de Química da Madeira, MMRG, Universidade da Madeira, Campus da Penteada, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal
| | - Vishwa Deepak Tripathi
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination du CNRS, 205 Route de Narbonne, BP 44099, 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France.,LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 31400 Toulouse, France
| | - Dheerj Soam
- Microbiology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, 226031 Lucknow, India
| | - Rama Pati Tripathi
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-CDRI, 226031 Lucknow, India
| | - Swetarka Das
- Microbiology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, 226031 Lucknow, India
| | - Shriya Singh
- Microbiology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, 226031 Lucknow, India
| | - Ramakrishna Gandikota
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination du CNRS, 205 Route de Narbonne, BP 44099, 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France.,LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 31400 Toulouse, France
| | - Regis Laurent
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination du CNRS, 205 Route de Narbonne, BP 44099, 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France.,LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 31400 Toulouse, France
| | - Andrii Karpus
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination du CNRS, 205 Route de Narbonne, BP 44099, 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France.,LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 31400 Toulouse, France
| | - Anne-Marie Caminade
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination du CNRS, 205 Route de Narbonne, BP 44099, 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France.,LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 31400 Toulouse, France
| | - Anke Steinmetz
- Sanofi R&D, Integrated Drug Discovery, Centre de Recherche Vitry-Alfortville, 94403 Vitry-sur-Seine Cedex, France
| | - Arunava Dasgupta
- Microbiology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, B.S. 10/1, Sector 10, Janakipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, 226031 Lucknow, India
| | - Kishore Kumar Srivastava
- Microbiology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, B.S. 10/1, Sector 10, Janakipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, 226031 Lucknow, India
| | - Jean-Pierre Majoral
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination du CNRS, 205 Route de Narbonne, BP 44099, 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France.,LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 31400 Toulouse, France
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5
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Studzian M, Działak P, Pułaski Ł, Hedstrand DM, Tomalia DA, Klajnert-Maculewicz B. Synthesis, Internalization and Visualization of N-(4-Carbomethoxy) Pyrrolidone Terminated PAMAM [G5:G3-TREN] Tecto(dendrimers) in Mammalian Cells. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25194406. [PMID: 32992824 PMCID: PMC7583011 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25194406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Tecto(dendrimers) are well-defined, dendrimer cluster type covalent structures. In this article, we present the synthesis of such a PAMAM [G5:G3-(TREN)]-N-(4-carbomethoxy) pyrrolidone terminated tecto(dendrimer). This tecto(dendrimer) exhibits nontraditional intrinsic luminescence (NTIL; excitation 376 nm; emission 455 nm) that has been attributed to three fluorescent components characterized by different fluorescence lifetimes. Furthermore, it has been shown that this PAMAM [G5:G3-(TREN)]-N-(4-carbomethoxy) pyrrolidone terminated tecto(dendrimer) is able to form a polyplex with double stranded DNA, and is nontoxic for HeLa and HMEC-1 cells up to a concentration of 10 mg/mL, even though it accumulates in endosomal compartments as demonstrated by its unique NTIL emission properties. Many of the above features would portend the proposed use of this tecto(dendrimer) as an efficient transfection agent. Quite surprisingly, transfection activity could not be demonstrated in HeLa cells, and the possible reasons are discussed in the article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Studzian
- Department of General Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 141/143 Pomorska St., 90-236 Lodz, Poland; (M.S.); (P.D.)
- Department of Molecular Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16, 90-237 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Paula Działak
- Department of General Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 141/143 Pomorska St., 90-236 Lodz, Poland; (M.S.); (P.D.)
| | - Łukasz Pułaski
- Department of Molecular Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16, 90-237 Lodz, Poland;
- Laboratory of Transcriptional Regulation, Institute of Medical Biology PAS, Lodowa 106, 93-232 Lodz, Poland
| | - David M. Hedstrand
- National Dendrimer & Nanotechnology Center, NanoSynthons LCC, 1200 N. Fancher Avenue, Mt. Pleasant, MI 48858, USA;
| | - Donald A. Tomalia
- National Dendrimer & Nanotechnology Center, NanoSynthons LCC, 1200 N. Fancher Avenue, Mt. Pleasant, MI 48858, USA;
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Physics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23173, USA
- Correspondence: (D.A.T.); (B.K.-M.)
| | - Barbara Klajnert-Maculewicz
- Department of General Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 141/143 Pomorska St., 90-236 Lodz, Poland; (M.S.); (P.D.)
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research, 01397 Dresden, Germany
- Correspondence: (D.A.T.); (B.K.-M.)
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6
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Phosphorus Dendrimers as Nanotools against Cancers. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25153333. [PMID: 32708025 PMCID: PMC7435762 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25153333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
This review concerns the use of dendrimers, especially of phosphorhydrazone dendrimers, against cancers. After the introduction, the review is organized in three main topics, depending on the role played by the phosphorus dendrimers against cancers: (i) as drugs by themselves; (ii) as carriers of drugs; and (iii) as indirect inducer of cancerous cell death. In the first part, two main types of phosphorus dendrimers are considered: those functionalized on the surface by diverse organic derivatives, including known drugs, and those functionalized by diverse metal complexes. The second part will display the role of dendrimers as carriers of anticancer “drugs”, which can be either small molecules or anticancer siRNAs, or the combination of both. In the third part are gathered a few examples of phosphorhydrazone dendrimers that are not cytotoxic by themselves, but which under certain circumstances induce a cytotoxic effect on cancerous cells. These examples include a positive influence on the human immune system and the combination of bioimaging with photodynamic therapy properties.
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Chen L, Li J, Fan Y, Qiu J, Cao L, Laurent R, Mignani S, Caminade AM, Majoral JP, Shi X. Revisiting Cationic Phosphorus Dendrimers as a Nonviral Vector for Optimized Gene Delivery Toward Cancer Therapy Applications. Biomacromolecules 2020; 21:2502-2511. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.0c00458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liang Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, People’s Republic of China
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination du CNRS, 205 Route de Narbonne, BP 44099, 31077 CEDEX 4 Toulouse, France
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, INPT, 31077 CEDEX 4 Toulouse, France
| | - Jin Li
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu Fan
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jieru Qiu
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination du CNRS, 205 Route de Narbonne, BP 44099, 31077 CEDEX 4 Toulouse, France
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, INPT, 31077 CEDEX 4 Toulouse, France
| | - Liu Cao
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, People’s Republic of China
| | - Régis Laurent
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination du CNRS, 205 Route de Narbonne, BP 44099, 31077 CEDEX 4 Toulouse, France
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, INPT, 31077 CEDEX 4 Toulouse, France
| | - Serge Mignani
- Universite′ Paris Descartes, PRES Sorbonne Paris Cite′, CNRS UMR 860, Laboratoire de Chimie et de Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologique, 45, rue des Saints Pères, 75006 Paris, France
- CQM-Centro de Química da Madeira, Universidade da Madeira, Campus da Penteada, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal
| | - Anne-Marie Caminade
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination du CNRS, 205 Route de Narbonne, BP 44099, 31077 CEDEX 4 Toulouse, France
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, INPT, 31077 CEDEX 4 Toulouse, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Majoral
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination du CNRS, 205 Route de Narbonne, BP 44099, 31077 CEDEX 4 Toulouse, France
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, INPT, 31077 CEDEX 4 Toulouse, France
| | - Xiangyang Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, People’s Republic of China
- CQM-Centro de Química da Madeira, Universidade da Madeira, Campus da Penteada, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal
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Li A, Fan Y, Cao X, Chen L, Wang L, Alves CS, Mignani S, Majoral JP, Tomás H, Shi X. Morpholino-functionalized phosphorus dendrimers for precision regenerative medicine: osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:17230-17234. [PMID: 31531482 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr06410a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A novel bioactive macromolecule based on morpholino-functionalized phosphorus dendrimers (generation 2, G2-Mor+) was developed for osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Interestingly, through in vitro tests, it was shown that G2-Mor+ dendrimer can strongly promote the transformation of MSCs into osteoblasts, which implies the potential application of phosphorus dendrimers in bone regeneration for precision regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aijun Li
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, International Joint Laboratory for Advanced Fiber and Low-dimension Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yu Fan
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, International Joint Laboratory for Advanced Fiber and Low-dimension Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xueyan Cao
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, International Joint Laboratory for Advanced Fiber and Low-dimension Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, People's Republic of China.
| | - Liang Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, International Joint Laboratory for Advanced Fiber and Low-dimension Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, People's Republic of China. and Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination du CNRS, 205 route de Narbonne, BP 44099, F-31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France.
| | - Le Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai 201620, People's Republic of China
| | - Carla S Alves
- CQM-Centro de Quimica da Madeira, Universidade da Madeira, Campus da Penteada, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal.
| | - Serge Mignani
- CQM-Centro de Quimica da Madeira, Universidade da Madeira, Campus da Penteada, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal. and Université Paris Descartes, PRES Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 860, Laboratoire de Chimie et de Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologique, 45, rue des Saints Peres, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Majoral
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination du CNRS, 205 route de Narbonne, BP 44099, F-31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France.
| | - Helena Tomás
- CQM-Centro de Quimica da Madeira, Universidade da Madeira, Campus da Penteada, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal.
| | - Xiangyang Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, International Joint Laboratory for Advanced Fiber and Low-dimension Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, People's Republic of China. and CQM-Centro de Quimica da Madeira, Universidade da Madeira, Campus da Penteada, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal.
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9
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Synthesis, characterization, DNA binding and anticancer ability of a Yb (III) complex constructed by 1,4-bis(pyrazol-1-yl)terephthalic acid. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2018.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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10
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Caminade AM, Majoral JP. Phosphorus dendrimers functionalised with nitrogen ligands, for catalysis and biology. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:7483-7493. [DOI: 10.1039/c9dt01305a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Phosphorus dendrimers (dendrimers having one phosphorus atom at each branching point) possess versatile properties, depending on the type of their terminal functions.
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11
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Majoral J, Caminade A. Phosphorhydrazones as Useful Building Blocks for Special Architectures: Macrocycles and Dendrimers. Eur J Inorg Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201801184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jean‐Pierre Majoral
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination CNRS 205, route de Narbonne 31077 Toulouse Cedex 04 France
- LCC‐CNRS Université de Toulouse CNRS Toulouse France
| | - Anne‐Marie Caminade
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination CNRS 205, route de Narbonne 31077 Toulouse Cedex 04 France
- LCC‐CNRS Université de Toulouse CNRS Toulouse France
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12
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Dzmitruk V, Apartsin E, Ihnatsyeu-Kachan A, Abashkin V, Shcharbin D, Bryszewska M. Dendrimers Show Promise for siRNA and microRNA Therapeutics. Pharmaceutics 2018; 10:E126. [PMID: 30096839 PMCID: PMC6161126 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics10030126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The lack of an appropriate intracellular delivery system for therapeutic nucleic acids (TNAs) is a major problem in molecular biology, biotechnology, and medicine. A relatively new class of highly symmetrical hyperbranched polymers, called dendrimers, shows promise for transporting small TNAs into both cells and target tissues. Dendrimers have intrinsic advantages for this purpose: their physico-chemical and biological properties can be controlled during synthesis, and they are able to transport large numbers of TNA molecules that can specifically suppress the expression of single or multiple targeted genes. Numerous chemical modifications of dendrimers extend the biocompatibility of synthetic materials and allow targeted vectors to be designed for particular therapeutic purposes. This review summarizes the latest experimental data and trends in the medical application of various types of dendrimers and dendrimer-based nanoconstructions as delivery systems for short small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) and microRNAs at the cell and organism levels. It provides an overview of the structural features of dendrimers, indicating their advantages over other types of TNA transporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Volha Dzmitruk
- Institute of Biophysics and Cell Engineering of NASB, 220072 Minsk, Belarus.
| | - Evgeny Apartsin
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine SB RAS, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia.
| | - Aliaksei Ihnatsyeu-Kachan
- Institute of Biophysics and Cell Engineering of NASB, 220072 Minsk, Belarus.
- Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), 02972 Seoul, Korea.
| | - Viktar Abashkin
- Institute of Biophysics and Cell Engineering of NASB, 220072 Minsk, Belarus.
| | - Dzmitry Shcharbin
- Institute of Biophysics and Cell Engineering of NASB, 220072 Minsk, Belarus.
| | - Maria Bryszewska
- Department of General Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-236 Lodz, Poland.
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13
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Apartsin EK, Grigoryeva AE, Malrin-Fournol A, Ryabchikova EI, Venyaminova AG, Mignani S, Caminade AM, Majoral JP. Hydrogels of Polycationic Acetohydrazone-Modified Phosphorus Dendrimers for Biomedical Applications: Gelation Studies and Nucleic Acid Loading. Pharmaceutics 2018; 10:pharmaceutics10030120. [PMID: 30082671 PMCID: PMC6161142 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics10030120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Revised: 07/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work, we report the assemblage of hydrogels from phosphorus dendrimers in the presence of biocompatible additives and the study of their interactions with nucleic acids. As precursors for hydrogels, phosphorus dendrimers of generations 1–3 based on the cyclotriphosphazene core and bearing ammonium or pyridinium acetohydrazones (Girard reagents) on the periphery have been synthesized. The gelation was done by the incubation of dendrimer solutions in water or phosphate-buffered saline in the presence of biocompatible additives (glucose, glycine or polyethylene glycol) to form physical gels. Physical properties of gels have been shown to depend on the gelation conditions. Transmission electron microscopy revealed structural units and well-developed network structures of the hydrogels. The hydrogels were shown to bind nucleic acids efficiently. In summary, hydrogels of phosphorus dendrimers represent a useful tool for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeny K Apartsin
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine SB RAS, 8, Lavrentiev ave., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia.
| | - Alina E Grigoryeva
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine SB RAS, 8, Lavrentiev ave., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia.
| | | | - Elena I Ryabchikova
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine SB RAS, 8, Lavrentiev ave., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia.
| | - Alya G Venyaminova
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine SB RAS, 8, Lavrentiev ave., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia.
| | - Serge Mignani
- Laboratoire de Chimie et de Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques, Université Paris Descartes, PRES Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 8601, 75006 Paris, France.
- Centro de Química da Madeira, MMRG, Universidade da Madeira, 9000-390 Funchal, Portugal.
| | - Anne-Marie Caminade
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination du CNRS, 205, route de Narbonne, BP 44099, 31077 Toulouse CEDEX 04, France.
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 31013 Toulouse, France.
| | - Jean-Pierre Majoral
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination du CNRS, 205, route de Narbonne, BP 44099, 31077 Toulouse CEDEX 04, France.
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 31013 Toulouse, France.
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14
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Furer VL, Vandyukov AE, Tripathi V, Majoral JP, Caminade AM, Kovalenko VI. Vibrational spectroscopic study of cationic phosphorus dendrimers with aminoethylpiperidine terminal groups. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2018; 194:211-221. [PMID: 29353217 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2018.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Revised: 12/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Two generations of phosphoric dendrimers with piperidine functional groups were synthesized for use in biology and medicine. Neutral samples are soluble in organic solvents but after protonation these dendrimers become water soluble and can be used for biological experiments. The FTIR and FT Raman spectra of two generations of dendrimers Gi constructed from the cyclotriphosphazene core, repeating units OC6H4CHNN(CH3)P(S)< and aminoethylpiperidine end groups NH(CH2)2C5NH11 were recorded. The study of the IR spectra shows that the NH groups form hydrogen bonds. The calculation of the molecular structure and vibrational spectra of the first generation dendrimer was performed by the method of DFT. This molecule has flat, repeating units and a plane of symmetry passing through the core. The calculation of the distribution of potential energy made it possible to classify the bands in the experimental spectra of dendrimers. Amine groups are manifested in the form of a band of NH stretching vibrations at 3389 cm-1 in the IR spectrum of G1. NH+ stretching bands located at 2646 and 2540 cm-1 in the IR spectrum of G2. The stretching vibrations of NH+ groups are noticeably shifted to low frequencies due to the formation of a hydrogen bond with the chlorine atom. The line at 1575 cm-1 in the Raman spectrum of G1 is characteristic for repeating units.
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Affiliation(s)
- V L Furer
- Kazan State Architect and Civil Engineering University, Zelenaya, 1, Kazan 420043, Russia.
| | - A E Vandyukov
- A.E. Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Science, Arbuzov Str., 8, Kazan 420088, Russia
| | - V Tripathi
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination, CNRS, 205 route de Narbonne, 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - J P Majoral
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination, CNRS, 205 route de Narbonne, 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - A M Caminade
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination, CNRS, 205 route de Narbonne, 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - V I Kovalenko
- A.E. Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Science, Arbuzov Str., 8, Kazan 420088, Russia; Kazan National Research Technological University, 68, Karl Marx Str., Kazan 420015, Russia.
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15
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Abstract
From biomaterials to imaging, and from drug delivery to drugs by themselves, phosphorus-containing dendrimers offer a large palette of biological properties, depending essentially on their types of terminal functions. The most salient examples of phosphorus dendrimers used for the elaboration of bio-chips and of supports for cell cultures, for imaging biological events, and for carrying and delivering drugs or biomacromolecules are presented in this feature article. Several phosphorus dendrimers can be considered also as drugs per se (by themselves) in particular to fight against cancers, neurodegenerative diseases, and inflammation, both in vitro and in vivo. Toxicity assays are also reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Marie Caminade
- CNRS, LCC (Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination), 205 Route de Narbonne, F-31077 Toulouse, France.
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16
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Abstract
Among the six Critical Nanoscale Design Parameters (CNDPs) proposed by Prof. Donald A. Tomalia, this review illustrates the influence of the sixth one, which concerns the elemental composition, on the properties of dendrimers. After a large introduction that summarizes different types of dendrimers that have been compared with PolyAMidoAMine (PAMAM) dendrimers, this review will focus on the properties of positively and negatively charged phosphorhydrazone (PPH) dendrimers, especially in the field of biology, compared with other types of dendrimers, in particular PAMAM dendrimers, as well as polypropyleneimine (PPI), carbosilane, and p-Lysine dendrimers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Marie Caminade
- CNRS, LCC (Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination), 205 route de Narbonne, BP 44099, F-31077 Toulouse CEDEX 4, France.
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, F-31077 Toulouse CEDEX 4, France.
| | - Jean-Pierre Majoral
- CNRS, LCC (Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination), 205 route de Narbonne, BP 44099, F-31077 Toulouse CEDEX 4, France.
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, F-31077 Toulouse CEDEX 4, France.
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17
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Apartsin EK, Venyaminova AG, Mignani S, Caminade AM, Majoral JP. Synthesis of dissymmetric phosphorus dendrimers using an unusual protecting group. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8nj01229f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report the synthesis of neutral and polycationic dissymmetric phosphorus dendrimers bearing branches of different generations on the core.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeny K. Apartsin
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine SB RAS
- Novosibirsk
- Russian Federation
| | - Alya G. Venyaminova
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine SB RAS
- Novosibirsk
- Russian Federation
| | - Serge Mignani
- Laboratoire de Chimie et de Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques
- Université Paris Descartes
- PRES Sorbonne Paris Cité
- CNRS UMR 8601
- Paris 75006
| | - Anne-Marie Caminade
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination du CNRS
- Toulouse 31077
- France
- LCC-CNRS
- Université de Toulouse
| | - Jean-Pierre Majoral
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination du CNRS
- Toulouse 31077
- France
- LCC-CNRS
- Université de Toulouse
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18
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Multi-Target Inhibition of Cancer Cell Growth by SiRNA Cocktails and 5-Fluorouracil Using Effective Piperidine-Terminated Phosphorus Dendrimers. COLLOIDS AND INTERFACES 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/colloids1010006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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19
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Bohr A, Tsapis N, Andreana I, Chamarat A, Foged C, Delomenie C, Noiray M, El Brahmi N, Majoral JP, Mignani S, Fattal E. Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Anti-TNF-α SiRNA Cationic Phosphorus Dendrimer Nanocomplexes Administered Intranasally in a Murine Acute Lung Injury Model. Biomacromolecules 2017. [PMID: 28639789 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.7b00572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation is an essential component of many lung diseases, including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), or acute lung injury. Our purpose was to design efficient carriers for lung delivery of small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) in an acute lung injury model. To achieve this goal, two different types of phosphorus-based dendrimers with either pyrrolidinium or morpholinium as terminal protonated amino groups were selected for their better biocompatibility compared to other dendrimers. Dendriplexes containing pyrrolidinium surface groups demonstrated a stronger siRNA complexation, a higher cellular uptake, and enhanced in vitro silencing efficiency of TNF-α in the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated mouse macrophage cell line RAW264.7, compared to morpholinium-containing dendriplexes. The better performance of the pyrrolidium dendriplexes was attributed to their higher pKa value leading to a stronger siRNA complexation and improved protection against enzymatic degradation resulting in a higher cellular uptake. The superior silencing effect of the pyrrolidinium dendriplexes, compared to noncomplexed siRNA, was confirmed in vivo in an LPS-induced murine model of short-term acute lung injury upon lung delivery via nasal administration. These data suggest that phosphorus dendriplexes have a strong potential in lung delivery of siRNA for treating inflammatory lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Bohr
- Institut Galien Paris-Sud, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay , 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France.,Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen , Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nicolas Tsapis
- Institut Galien Paris-Sud, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay , 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Ilaria Andreana
- Institut Galien Paris-Sud, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay , 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Anais Chamarat
- Institut Galien Paris-Sud, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay , 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Camilla Foged
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen , Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Claudine Delomenie
- UMS IPSIT - US 31 INSERM - UMS 3679 CNRS - Université Paris-Sud - 5, rue Jean-Baptiste Clément 92296 Chatenay-Malabry, France
| | - Magali Noiray
- Institut Galien Paris-Sud, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay , 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Nabil El Brahmi
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination, CNRS, 205 route de Narbonne F-31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France.,Université de Toulouse, UPS, INPT, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Majoral
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination, CNRS, 205 route de Narbonne F-31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France.,Université de Toulouse, UPS, INPT, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Serge Mignani
- Laboratoire de Chimie et de Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques, CNRS UMR 860, Université Paris Descartes, PRES Sorbonne Paris Cité, 45 rue des Saints Pères, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Elias Fattal
- Institut Galien Paris-Sud, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay , 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France
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20
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El Brahmi N, El Kazzouli S, Mignani S, Laurent R, Ladeira S, Caminade AM, Bousmina M, Majoral JP. Symmetrical and unsymmetrical incorporation of active biological monomers on the surface of phosphorus dendrimers. Tetrahedron 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2017.01.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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21
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Kurniasih IN, Keilitz J, Haag R. Dendritic nanocarriers based on hyperbranched polymers. Chem Soc Rev 2015; 44:4145-64. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cs00333k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The use of hyperbranched polymers as an alternative to perfect dendrimers as nanocarrier systems for drugs, dyes and other guest molecules is covered. Different types of hyperbranched polymers are discussed with regard to aspects like synthesis, functionalisation and encapsulation properties but also their degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Juliane Keilitz
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Freie Universität Berlin
- 14195 Berlin
- Germany
| | - Rainer Haag
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Freie Universität Berlin
- 14195 Berlin
- Germany
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22
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Abbassi L, Chabre YM, Kottari N, Arnold AA, André S, Josserand J, Gabius HJ, Roy R. Multifaceted glycodendrimers with programmable bioactivity through convergent, divergent, and accelerated approaches using polyfunctional cyclotriphosphazenes. Polym Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5py01283j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The cyclotriphosphazene-based platform facilitates versatile synthesis of glycodendrimers active as inhibitors of two biomedically relevant lectins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leïla Abbassi
- Pharmaqam
- Department of Chemistry
- University du Québec à Montréal
- Montréal
- Canada
| | - Yoann M. Chabre
- Pharmaqam
- Department of Chemistry
- University du Québec à Montréal
- Montréal
- Canada
| | - Naresh Kottari
- Pharmaqam
- Department of Chemistry
- University du Québec à Montréal
- Montréal
- Canada
| | - Alexandre A. Arnold
- Pharmaqam
- Department of Chemistry
- University du Québec à Montréal
- Montréal
- Canada
| | - Sabine André
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine
- Ludwig-Maximilians-University
- 80539 Munich
- Germany
| | - Johan Josserand
- Pharmaqam
- Department of Chemistry
- University du Québec à Montréal
- Montréal
- Canada
| | - Hans-Joachim Gabius
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine
- Ludwig-Maximilians-University
- 80539 Munich
- Germany
| | - René Roy
- Pharmaqam
- Department of Chemistry
- University du Québec à Montréal
- Montréal
- Canada
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23
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Lakshminarayanan A, Ravi VK, Tatineni R, Rajesh YBRD, Maingi V, Vasu KS, Madhusudhan N, Maiti PK, Sood AK, Das S, Jayaraman N. Efficient Dendrimer–DNA Complexation and Gene Delivery Vector Properties of Nitrogen-Core Poly(propyl ether imine) Dendrimer in Mammalian Cells. Bioconjug Chem 2013; 24:1612-23. [DOI: 10.1021/bc400247w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abirami Lakshminarayanan
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, ‡Department of Physics, and §Department of Microbiology and Cell
Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560 012, India
| | - Vijay Kumar Ravi
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, ‡Department of Physics, and §Department of Microbiology and Cell
Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560 012, India
| | - Ranjitha Tatineni
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, ‡Department of Physics, and §Department of Microbiology and Cell
Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560 012, India
| | - Y. B. R. D. Rajesh
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, ‡Department of Physics, and §Department of Microbiology and Cell
Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560 012, India
| | - Vishal Maingi
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, ‡Department of Physics, and §Department of Microbiology and Cell
Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560 012, India
| | - K. S. Vasu
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, ‡Department of Physics, and §Department of Microbiology and Cell
Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560 012, India
| | - Nandhitha Madhusudhan
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, ‡Department of Physics, and §Department of Microbiology and Cell
Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560 012, India
| | - Prabal K. Maiti
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, ‡Department of Physics, and §Department of Microbiology and Cell
Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560 012, India
| | - A. K. Sood
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, ‡Department of Physics, and §Department of Microbiology and Cell
Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560 012, India
| | - Saumitra Das
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, ‡Department of Physics, and §Department of Microbiology and Cell
Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560 012, India
| | - N. Jayaraman
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, ‡Department of Physics, and §Department of Microbiology and Cell
Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560 012, India
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24
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Mignani S, Kazzouli SE, Bousmina M, Majoral JP. Dendrimer space concept for innovative nanomedicine: A futuristic vision for medicinal chemistry. Prog Polym Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2013.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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25
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Chabre YM, Roy R. Multivalent glycoconjugate syntheses and applications using aromatic scaffolds. Chem Soc Rev 2013; 42:4657-708. [PMID: 23400414 DOI: 10.1039/c3cs35483k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Glycan-protein interactions are of utmost importance in several biological phenomena. Although the variety of carbohydrate residues in mammalian cells is limited to less than a dozen different sugars, their spatial topographical presentation in what is now associated as the "glycocodes" provides the fundamental keys for specific and high affinity "lock-in" recognition events associated with a wide range of pathologies. Toward deciphering our understanding of these glycocodes, chemists have developed new creative tools that included dendrimer chemistry in order to provide monodisperse multivalent glycoconjugates. This review provides a survey of the numerous aromatic architectures generated for the multivalent presentation of relevant carbohydrates using covalent attachment or supramolecular self-assemblies. The basic concepts toward their controlled syntheses will be described using modern synthetic procedures with a particular emphasis on powerful organometallic methodologies. The large variety of dendritic aromatic scaffolds, together with a brief survey of their unique biophysical and biological properties will be critically reviewed. The distinctiveness of the resulting multivalent glycoarchitectures, encompassing glycoclusters, glycodendrimers and molecularly defined self-assemblies, in forming well organized cross-linked lattices with multivalent carbohydrate binding proteins (lectins) together with their photophysical, medical, and imaging properties will also be briefly highlighted. The topic will be presented in increasing order of aromatic backbone complexities and will end with fullerenes together with self-assembled nanostructures, thus complementing the various scaffolds described in this special thematic issue dedicated to multivalent glycoscience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoann M Chabre
- Pharmaqam - Department of Chemistry, Université du Québec à Montréal, P.O. Box 8888, Succ. Centre-ville, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3C 3P8
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26
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Caminade AM, Turrin CO, Majoral JP. Biological properties of water-soluble phosphorhydrazone dendrimers. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2013. [DOI: 10.1590/s1984-82502013000700004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendrimers are hyperbranched and perfectly defined macromolecules, constituted of branches emanating from a central core in an iterative fashion. Phosphorhydrazone dendrimers constitute a special family of dendrimers, possessing one phosphorus atom at each branching point. The internal structure of these dendrimers is hydrophobic, but hydrophilic terminal groups can induce the solubility of the whole structure in water. Indeed, the properties of these compounds are mainly driven by the type of terminal groups their bear; this is especially true for the biological properties. For instance, positively charged terminal groups are efficient for transfection experiments, as drug carriers, as anti-prion agents, and as inhibitor of the aggregation of Alzheimer's peptides, whereas negatively charged dendrimers have anti-HIV properties and can influence the human immune system, leading to anti-inflammatory properties usable against rheumatoid arthritis. This review will give the most representative examples of the biological properties of water-soluble phosphorhydrazone dendrimers, organized depending on the type of terminal groups they bear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Marie Caminade
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, France; Université de Toulouse, France
| | - Cédric-Olivier Turrin
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, France; Université de Toulouse, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Majoral
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, France; Université de Toulouse, France
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27
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Caminade AM, Majoral JP. Positively charged phosphorus dendrimers. An overview of their properties. NEW J CHEM 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3nj00583f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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28
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Caminade AM, Laurent R, Zablocka M, Majoral JP. Organophosphorus chemistry for the synthesis of dendrimers. Molecules 2012; 17:13605-21. [PMID: 23159922 PMCID: PMC6268704 DOI: 10.3390/molecules171113605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2012] [Revised: 11/09/2012] [Accepted: 11/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendrimers are multifunctional, hyperbranched and perfectly defined macromolecules, synthesized layer after layer in an iterative manner. Besides the nature of the terminal groups responsible for most of the properties, the nature of the internal structure, and more precisely of the branching points, is also of crucial importance. For more than 15 years, we have demonstrated that the presence of phosphorus atom(s) at each branching point of the dendrimeric structure is particularly important and highly valuable for three main reasons: (i) the versatility of phosphorus chemistry that allows diversified organochemistry for the synthesis of dendrimers; (ii) the use of 31P-NMR, which is a highly valuable tool for the characterization of dendrimers; (iii) some properties (in the fields of catalysis, materials, and especially biology), that are directly connected to the nature of the internal structure and of the branching points. This review will give an overview of the methods of synthesis of phosphorus-containing dendrimers, as well on the ways to graft phosphorus derivatives as terminal groups, with emphasis on the various roles played by the chemistry of phosphorus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Marie Caminade
- CNRS, LCC (Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination), 205 route de Narbonne, BP44099, F-31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France; (R.L.); (J.-P.M.)
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, INPT, F-31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - Régis Laurent
- CNRS, LCC (Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination), 205 route de Narbonne, BP44099, F-31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France; (R.L.); (J.-P.M.)
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, INPT, F-31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - Maria Zablocka
- CNRS, LCC (Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination), 205 route de Narbonne, BP44099, F-31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France; (R.L.); (J.-P.M.)
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, INPT, F-31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, The Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90363 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Jean-Pierre Majoral
- CNRS, LCC (Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination), 205 route de Narbonne, BP44099, F-31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France; (R.L.); (J.-P.M.)
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, INPT, F-31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
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Lazniewska J, Milowska K, Gabryelak T. Dendrimers--revolutionary drugs for infectious diseases. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2012; 4:469-91. [PMID: 22761054 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Over recent years innovative nanomolecules in a form of dendrimers have been gaining increasing interest. These compounds can be designed and modified in many ways giving a molecule which meets required expectations. For this reason dendrimers are the object of intensive studies in many fields of nanoscience including one of the most thriving--biomedicine. Numerous studies provide evidence that some dendrimers exhibit activities against many species/strains of viruses, bacteria, fungi, and prions. These types of dendritic nanostructures which are distinguished by antipathogenic properties and low cytotoxicity to eukaryotic cells may be potentially applied in medicine as novel drugs for various infectious diseases, especially those which are persistent, marked by high mortality rate, or untreatable. Dendrimers can exert their effect via different mechanisms of action, which are, in most cases, related to multivalency of the nanomolecule. The application of dendrimers is likely to be a breakthrough in prevention and treatment of infectious diseases which still beset humanity and may significantly improve the quality of people's life.
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Lim J, Simanek EE. Triazine dendrimers as drug delivery systems: from synthesis to therapy. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2012; 64:826-35. [PMID: 22465784 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2012.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2012] [Revised: 03/05/2012] [Accepted: 03/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The use of triazine dendrimers as drug delivery systems benefits from their synthetic versatility and well-defined structure. Triazine dendrimers can be designed and readily synthesized to display orthogonally functional surfaces that facilitate post-synthetic manipulation such as attachment of drug, PEGylation, and/or the installation of ligands or reporting groups. The synthesis is scalable, and large generations can be accessed. To date, triazine dendrimers have been probed for a variety of medicinal applications including drug delivery with an emphasis on cancer, nonviral DNA and RNA delivery systems, in sensing applications, and as bioactive materials. Specifically, triazine adducts with paclitaxel, camptothecin, brefeldin A, and desferrioxamine have been prepared and assessed. Paclitaxel constructs show promising activity in vivo. The use of these materials in fluorescence-based glucose sensors is being pursued. Glycosylated triazine dendrimers interfere with signal transduction in the Toll-4 receptor pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jongdoo Lim
- Department of Chemistry, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX 76129, USA
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31
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Bachowska B, Kazmierczak-Baranska J, Cieslak M, Nawrot B, Szczęsna D, Skalik J, Bałczewski P. High Cytotoxic Activity of Phosphonium Salts and Their Complementary Selectivity towards HeLa and K562 Cancer Cells: Identification of Tri-n-butyl-n-hexadecylphosphonium bromide as a Highly Potent Anti-HeLa Phosphonium Salt. ChemistryOpen 2012; 1:33-8. [PMID: 24551490 PMCID: PMC3922438 DOI: 10.1002/open.201100003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2011] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Quaternary ammonium and phosphonium salts have been screened for their toxic effect on HeLa and K562 cancer cell lines, as well as on normal HUVEC cells. Tri-n-butyl-n-hexadecylphosphonium bromide, the first phosphonium salt with a halogen anion tested against HeLa cells, was 12 times more potent (IC50 <5 μm after 24 and 48 h) than the clinically used reference compound cisplatin and 17 times more potent than tri-n-hexyltetradecylphosphonium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide, which, to the best of our knowledge, is the first phosphonium salt to be evaluated in HeLa cells. However, it was inactive against K562 cells (24 and 48 h). According to a caspase-3/7 assay, its toxicity has not been connected with the induction of apoptosis. In contrast, triphenylalkylphosphonium iodides with shorter C1-5 alkyl chains were inactive against HeLa cells but very active against K562 cells (IC50=6-10 μm after 48 h). Phosphonium cations with halide counterions proved to be more potent than those with (CF3SO2)2N(-) as the anion, as in the anticancer agent NSC 747251, or other anions in molecules with similar alkyl chain lengths. On the other hand, a series of ammonium salts containing a short methylthiomethyl or methoxymethyl side chain revealed low cytotoxicity (IC50 >500 μm after 24 and 48 h) against both HeLa and K562 cancer cell lines as well as normal HUVEC cells, showing that the nontoxic N(+)CH2YMe (Y=S, O) structural motif in ammonium salts could be suitable for further optimization and development, especially in transfection experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Bachowska
- Institute of Chemistry, Environmental Protection and Biotechnology, Jan Długosz University in Częstochowa Armii Krajowej 13/15, 42-200 Częstochowa (Poland) E-mail:
| | - Julia Kazmierczak-Baranska
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Łódź (Poland)
| | - Marcin Cieslak
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Łódź (Poland)
| | - Barbara Nawrot
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Łódź (Poland)
| | - Dorota Szczęsna
- Department of Heteroorganic Chemistry, Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Łódź (Poland)
| | - Joanna Skalik
- Department of Heteroorganic Chemistry, Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Łódź (Poland)
| | - Piotr Bałczewski
- Institute of Chemistry, Environmental Protection and Biotechnology, Jan Długosz University in Częstochowa Armii Krajowej 13/15, 42-200 Częstochowa (Poland) E-mail: ; Department of Heteroorganic Chemistry, Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Łódź (Poland)
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Ciepluch K, Katir N, El Kadib A, Felczak A, Zawadzka K, Weber M, Klajnert B, Lisowska K, Caminade AM, Bousmina M, Bryszewska M, Majoral JP. Biological properties of new viologen-phosphorus dendrimers. Mol Pharm 2012; 9:448-57. [PMID: 22214284 DOI: 10.1021/mp200549c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Some biological properties of eight dendrimers incorporating both phosphorus linkages and viologen units within their cascade structure or at the periphery were investigated for the first time. In particular cytotoxicity, hemotoxicity, and antimicrobial and antifungal activity of these new macromolecules were examined. Even if for example all these species exhibited good antimicrobial properties, it was demonstrated that their behavior strongly depends on several parameters as their size and molecular weight, the number of viologen units and the nature of the terminal groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karol Ciepluch
- Department of General Biophysics, University of Lodz, 141/143 Pomorska Street, 90-236 Lodz, Poland
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Fraix A, Montier T, Le Gall T, Sevrain CM, Carmoy N, Lindberg MF, Lehn P, Jaffrès PA. Lipothiophosphoramidates for gene delivery: critical role of the cationic polar headgroup. Org Biomol Chem 2012; 10:2051-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ob06812e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Berchel M, Le Gall T, Couthon-Gourvès H, Haelters JP, Montier T, Midoux P, Lehn P, Jaffrès PA. Lipophosphonate/lipophosphoramidates: A family of synthetic vectors efficient for gene delivery. Biochimie 2012; 94:33-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2011.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2011] [Accepted: 07/20/2011] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Monge S, Canniccioni B, Graillot A, Robin JJ. Phosphorus-Containing Polymers: A Great Opportunity for the Biomedical Field. Biomacromolecules 2011; 12:1973-82. [DOI: 10.1021/bm2004803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 243] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Monge
- Institut Charles Gerhardt Montpellier UMR5253 CNRS-UM2-ENSCM-UM1 - Equipe Ingénierie et Architectures Macromoléculaires, Université Montpellier II cc1702, Place Eugène Bataillon 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5
| | - Benjamin Canniccioni
- Institut Charles Gerhardt Montpellier UMR5253 CNRS-UM2-ENSCM-UM1 - Equipe Ingénierie et Architectures Macromoléculaires, Université Montpellier II cc1702, Place Eugène Bataillon 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5
| | - Alain Graillot
- Institut Charles Gerhardt Montpellier UMR5253 CNRS-UM2-ENSCM-UM1 - Equipe Ingénierie et Architectures Macromoléculaires, Université Montpellier II cc1702, Place Eugène Bataillon 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5
| | - Jean-Jacques Robin
- Institut Charles Gerhardt Montpellier UMR5253 CNRS-UM2-ENSCM-UM1 - Equipe Ingénierie et Architectures Macromoléculaires, Université Montpellier II cc1702, Place Eugène Bataillon 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5
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36
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Kazmierczak-Baranska J, Pietkiewicz A, Janicka M, Wei Y, Turrin CO, Majoral JP, Nawrot B, Caminade AM. Synthesis of a fluorescent cationic phosphorus dendrimer and preliminary biological studies of its interaction with DNA. NUCLEOSIDES NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2010; 29:155-67. [PMID: 20408047 DOI: 10.1080/15257771003708462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of a water-soluble phosphorus-containing dendrimer possessing a fluorophore (maleimide-type) linked to the core is described. This dendrimer is found brightly fluorescent in CH(2)Cl(2), but poorly fluorescent in water. The cytotoxicity of this compound is relatively low towards HeLa and A549 cells, and less toxic after 48 hours than after 24 hours. Association of this dendrimer with plasmid DNA (BACE-GFP) analyzed with circular dichroism (CD) indicates a possible disturbing of the helical B-type structure of DNA. The strength of this association (a "dendriplex") with BACE-GFP (also with HygEGFP) was measured by electrophoresis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Kazmierczak-Baranska
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodz, Poland
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37
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Peptide and glycopeptide dendrimers and analogous dendrimeric structures and their biomedical applications. Amino Acids 2010; 40:301-70. [DOI: 10.1007/s00726-010-0707-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2010] [Accepted: 07/15/2010] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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39
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40
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Merkel OM, Mintzer MA, Sitterberg J, Bakowsky U, Simanek EE, Kissel T. Triazine dendrimers as nonviral gene delivery systems: effects of molecular structure on biological activity. Bioconjug Chem 2009; 20:1799-806. [PMID: 19708683 DOI: 10.1021/bc900243r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A family of generation 1, 2, and 3 triazine dendrimers differing in their core flexibility was prepared and evaluated for their ability to accomplish gene transfection. Dendrimers and dendriplexes were analyzed by their physicochemical and biological properties such as condensation of DNA, size, surface charge, morphology of dendriplexes, toxic and hemolytic effects, and ultimately transfection efficiency in L929 and MeWo cells. Flexibility of the backbone was found to play an important role with generation 2 dendrimer displaying higher transfection efficiencies than 25 kDa poly(ethylene imine) or SuperFect at a lower cytotoxicity level. This result is surprising, as PAMAM dendrimers require generations 4 or 5 to become effective transfection reagents. The ability to delineate effects of molecular structure and generation of triazine dendrimers with biological properties provides valuable clues for further modifying this promising class of nonviral delivery system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia M Merkel
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmacy, Philipps-Universitat, D-35032 Marburg, Germany
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41
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Rosen BM, Wilson CJ, Wilson DA, Peterca M, Imam MR, Percec V. Dendron-Mediated Self-Assembly, Disassembly, and Self-Organization of Complex Systems. Chem Rev 2009; 109:6275-540. [DOI: 10.1021/cr900157q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1066] [Impact Index Per Article: 71.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brad M. Rosen
- Roy & Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323
| | - Christopher J. Wilson
- Roy & Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323
| | - Daniela A. Wilson
- Roy & Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323
| | - Mihai Peterca
- Roy & Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323
| | - Mohammad R. Imam
- Roy & Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323
| | - Virgil Percec
- Roy & Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323
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42
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Spataro G, Malecaze F, Turrin CO, Soler V, Duhayon C, Elena PP, Majoral JP, Caminade AM. Designing dendrimers for ocular drug delivery. Eur J Med Chem 2009; 45:326-34. [PMID: 19889480 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2009.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2009] [Revised: 09/07/2009] [Accepted: 10/08/2009] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
New series of phosphorus-containing dendrimers, having one quaternary ammonium salt as core and carboxylic acid terminal groups have been synthesized from generation 0 (3 carboxylic acid terminal groups) to generation 2 (12 carboxylic acid terminal groups). These dendrimers react with the neutral form of carteolol (an ocular anti-hypertensive drug used to treat glaucoma) to afford ion pair (saline) species. The solubility in water of these charged dendrimers depends on the generation considered: generation 0 (3 carteolol) is well soluble, whereas generation 1 (6 carteolol) and generation 2 (12 carteolol) are poorly soluble. These dendrimers have been tested in vivo, as vehicle for ocular drug delivery of carteolol to rabbits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grégory Spataro
- CNRS, LCC (Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination), 205 route de Narbonne, F-31077 Toulouse, France
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Shcharbin D, Pedziwiatr E, Blasiak J, Bryszewska M. How to study dendriplexes II: Transfection and cytotoxicity. J Control Release 2009; 141:110-27. [PMID: 19815039 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2009.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2009] [Accepted: 09/22/2009] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
This paper reviews different techniques for analyzing the transfection efficiencies and cytotoxicities of dendriplexes-complexes of nucleic acids with dendrimers. Analysis shows that three plasmids are mainly used in transfection experiments: plasmid DNA encoding luciferase from the firefly Photinus pyralis, beta-galactosidase, or green fluorescent protein. The effective charge ratio of transfection does not directly correlate with the charge ratio obtained from gel electrophoresis, zeta-potential or ethidium bromide intercalation data. The most popular cells for transfection studies are human embryonic kidney cells (HEK293), mouse embryonic cells (NIH/3T3), SV40 transformed monkey kidney fibroblasts (COS-7) and human epithelioid cervical carcinoma cells (HeLa). Cellular uptake is estimated using fluorescently-labeled dendrimers or nucleic acids. Transfection efficiency is measured by the luciferase reporter assay for luciferase, X-Gal staining or beta-galactosidase assay for beta-galactosidase, and confocal microscopy for green fluorescent protein. Cytotoxicity is determined by the MTT test and lactate dehydrogenase assays. On the basis of the papers reviewed, a standard essential set of techniques for characterizing dendriplexes was constructed: (1) analysis of size and shape of dendriplexes in dried/frozen state by electron or atomic force microscopy; (2) analysis of charge/molar ratio of complexes by gel electrophoresis or ethidium bromide intercalation assay or zeta-potential measurement; (3) analysis of hydrodynamic diameter of dendriplexes in solution by dynamic light scattering. For the evaluation of transfection efficiency the essential techniques are (4) luciferase reporter assay, beta-galactosidase assay or green fluorescent protein microscopy, and (5) cytotoxicity by the MTT test. All these tests allow the transfection efficiencies and cytotoxicities of different kinds of dendrimers to be compared.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dzmitry Shcharbin
- Institute of Biophysics and Cellular Engineering of NASB, Minsk, Belarus.
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Mintzer MA, Merkel OM, Kissel T, Simanek EE. Polycationic triazine-based dendrimers: effect of peripheral groups on transfection efficiency. NEW J CHEM 2009; 33:1918-1925. [PMID: 19960102 PMCID: PMC2786084 DOI: 10.1039/b908735d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A panel of eight, second generation triazine dendrimers differing in the number of amines, guanidines, hydroxyls and aliphatic groups on the periphery was synthesized and assayed for gene transfer in an attempt to correlate the effects of surface functionality on transfection efficiency. The physicochemical and biological properties of the dendrimers and dendriplexes, such as condensation of DNA, size, surface charge and morphology of dendriplexes, toxicity and ultimately transfection efficiency in MeWo cells, were analyzed. The results from an ethidium bromide exclusion assay showed that the complexation efficiency of the dendrimers with DNA is moderately affected by surface groups. Increasing the number of surface amines, reducing the number of surface hydroxyl groups, or replacing the amine moiety with guanidines all help strengthen the complex formed. Results from dynamic light scattering and zeta potential analyses indicate that the smallest particles correlate with complexes that exhibit the highest zeta potentials. Cytotoxicity was low for all compounds, particularly for the G2-5 dendrimer containing alkyl groups on the periphery, indicating the benefit of incorporating such neutral functionality onto the surface of the triazine dendrimers. Within this panel, the highest transfection efficiency was observed for the dendrimers that formed the smallest complexes, suggesting that this physicochemical property is an accurate predictor for determining which dendrimers will show high transfection efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meredith A. Mintzer
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-3255, USA
| | - Olivia M. Merkel
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmacy, Phillipps-Universität Marburg, Ketzerbach 63, D-35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Kissel
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmacy, Phillipps-Universität Marburg, Ketzerbach 63, D-35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Eric E. Simanek
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-3255, USA
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