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Fuchigami T. Spiers Memorial Lecture: Old but new organic electrosynthesis: history and recent remarkable developments. Faraday Discuss 2023; 247:9-33. [PMID: 37622750 DOI: 10.1039/d3fd00129f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Organic electrosynthesis has a long history. However, this chemistry is still new. Recently, we have seen its second renaissance with organic electrosynthesis being considered a typical green chemistry process. Therefore, a number of novel electrosynthetic methodologies have recently been developed. However, there are still many problems to be solved from a green and sustainable viewpoint. After an explanation of the historical survey of organic electrosynthesis, this paper focuses on recent remarkable developments in new electrosynthetic methodologies, such as novel electrodes, recyclable nonvolatile electrolytic solvents and recyclable supporting electrolytes, as well as new types of electrolytic flow cells. Furthermore, novel types of organic electrosynthetic reactions will be mentioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshio Fuchigami
- Department of Electronic Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Japan.
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2
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Jiang YM, Yu Y, Wu SF, Yan H, Yuan Y, Ye KY. Electrochemical fluorosulfonylation of styrenes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:11481-11484. [PMID: 34667999 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc04813a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
An environmentally friendly and efficient electrochemical fluorosulfonylation of styrenes has been developed. With the use of sulfonylhydrazides and triethylamine trihydrofluoride, a diverse array of β-fluorosulfones could be readily obtained. This reaction features mild conditions and a broad substrate scope, which could also be conveniently extended to a gram-scale preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Min Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University), College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China.
| | - Yi Yu
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University), College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China.
| | - Shao-Fen Wu
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University), College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China.
| | - Hong Yan
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University), College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China.
| | - Yaofeng Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University), College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China.
| | - Ke-Yin Ye
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University), College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
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Hernández-Valdés D, Sadeghi S. Electrochemical Radiofluorination of Small Molecules: New Advances. CHEM REC 2021; 21:2397-2410. [PMID: 34010479 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202100086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The development of new 18 F-based radiopharmaceuticals constantly demands innovations in the search for new radiofluorination methods. [18 F]fluoride is the simplest and most convenient chemical form of the isotope for the synthesis of 18 F-based radiopharmaceuticals. The ease of production and handling, as well as the possibility of obtaining high molar activities, makes it the preferred choice for radiofluorination. However, the use of [18 F]fluoride in late-stage radiofluorination comes with challenges, especially for the radiolabeling of electron-rich molecules where SN 2 and SN Ar reactions are not suitable. New developments in fluorination chemistry have been extensively studied to overcome these difficulties. Selective electrochemical oxidation of precursors, using a controlled potential, is one method to create reactive intermediates and overcome the activation energy required for nucleophilic fluorination of electron-rich moieties. This method has been used for years in cold fluorination of organic molecules and more recently has been adapted as an alternative to traditional radiofluorination methods. Although relatively young, this field stands out as a promising route for the synthesis of new PET probes as well as fluorinated pharmaceuticals. This review focuses on recent advances in electrochemical radiofluorination as an alternative for the late-stage radiolabeling of organic molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Hernández-Valdés
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4 L8, Canada
| | - Saman Sadeghi
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4 L8, Canada.,Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology and Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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Meng ZY, Feng CT, Zhang L, Yang Q, Chen DX, Xu K. Regioselective C–H Phosphorothiolation of (Hetero)arenes Enabled by the Synergy of Electrooxidation and Ultrasonic Irradiation. Org Lett 2021; 23:4214-4218. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c01161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ze-Yin Meng
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
- School of Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China
| | - Cheng-Tao Feng
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
- School of Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China
| | - Qing Yang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China
| | - De-Xiang Chen
- School of Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China
| | - Kun Xu
- Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
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Kazmierczak JC, Cargnelutti R, Barcellos T, Silveira CC, Schumacher RF. Selective synthesis of α-organylthio esters and α-organylthio ketones from β-keto esters and sodium S-organyl sulfurothioates under basic conditions. Beilstein J Org Chem 2021; 17:234-244. [PMID: 33564334 PMCID: PMC7849251 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.17.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We described herein a selective method to prepare α-organylthio esters and α-organylthio ketones by the reaction of β-keto esters with sodium S-benzyl sulfurothioate or sodium S-alkyl sulfurothioate (Bunte salts) under basic conditions in toluene as the solvent at 100 °C. When 4 equivalents of a base were used, a series of differently substituted α-thio esters were obtained with up to 90% yield. On the other hand, employing 2 equivalents of a base, α-thio ketones were achieved after 18 h under air. Furthermore, after a shorter reaction time, the isolation of keto-enol tautomers was possible, revealing them as significant intermediates for the mechanism elucidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean C Kazmierczak
- Departamento de Química, CCNE, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria–UFSM, Santa Maria, 97105-900, RS, Brazil
| | - Roberta Cargnelutti
- Departamento de Química, CCNE, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria–UFSM, Santa Maria, 97105-900, RS, Brazil
| | - Thiago Barcellos
- Instituto de Biotecnologia Universidade de Caxias do Sul–UCS, Caxias do Sul, RS, Brazil
| | - Claudio C Silveira
- Departamento de Química, CCNE, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria–UFSM, Santa Maria, 97105-900, RS, Brazil
| | - Ricardo F Schumacher
- Departamento de Química, CCNE, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria–UFSM, Santa Maria, 97105-900, RS, Brazil
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Scheide MR, Nicoleti CR, Martins GM, Braga AL. Electrohalogenation of organic compounds. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:2578-2602. [DOI: 10.1039/d0ob02459g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this review we target sp, sp2 and sp3 carbon fluorination, chlorination, bromination and iodination reactions using electrolysis as a redox medium. Mechanistic insights and substrate reactivity are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos R. Scheide
- Departamento de Química
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina – UFSC
- Florianópolis
- Brazil
| | - Celso R. Nicoleti
- Departamento de Química
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina – UFSC
- Florianópolis
- Brazil
| | - Guilherme M. Martins
- Departamento de Química
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina – UFSC
- Florianópolis
- Brazil
| | - Antonio L. Braga
- Departamento de Química
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina – UFSC
- Florianópolis
- Brazil
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Fuchigami T, Inagi S. Recent Advances in Electrochemical Systems for Selective Fluorination of Organic Compounds. Acc Chem Res 2020; 53:322-334. [PMID: 32017527 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.9b00520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Organofluorine compounds are key materials applied in daily life because of their versatile utility as functional materials, pharmaceuticals, and agrochemicals. Development of the selective fluorination of organic molecules under safe conditions is therefore one of the most important subjects in modern synthetic organofluorine chemistry. Thus, various electrophilic fluorination reagents such as XeF2, (PhSO2)2NF (NFSI), Et2NSF3 (DAST), (MeOCH2CH2)2NSF3 (Deoxofluor), 1-chloromethyl-4-fluoro-1,4-diazoniabicyclo-[2.2.2]octane bis(tetrafluoroborate) (Selectfluor), N-fluoropyridinium salts, and 4-tert-butyl-2,6-dimethylphenylsulfur trifluoride (Fluolead) have been developed for chemical fluorination to date and the development of new fluorinating reagents is still ongoing. Electrochemical synthesis has recently attracted much attention from the perspective of green sustainable chemistry because no hazardous reagents are required and scale-up is generally easy. Although electrochemical perfluorination of organic compounds using a nickel anode in anhydrous HF has been well-established to manufacture perfluoro-functional materials, electrochemical partial fluorination (selective electrochemical fluorination) has been underdeveloped due to the low nucleophilicity of fluoride ions and anode passivation, which interferes with electrolysis. Selective electrochemical fluorination can be commonly achieved in aprotic solvents containing fluoride ions to provide mostly mono- and difluorinated products. Electrolysis is conducted at constant potentials slightly higher than the first oxidation potential of a substrate. Constant current electrolysis is also effective for selective fluorination in many cases. Choice of the combination of a supporting fluoride salt and an electrolytic solvent is most important to accomplish efficient selective fluorination. In this Account, we focus on our recent work on the electrochemical mono- and difluorination of various organic compounds and their synthetic application. We first briefly explain our research background of electrochemical fluorination. Main factors such as the effects of fluoride salts as supporting electrolytes, electrolytic solvents, and anode materials on the selectivity and efficiency of fluorination are discussed. Next, effects of PEG oligomer additives enhancing the nucleophilicity of fluoride ions and organic solvent-free systems using poly(HF) salt ionic liquids as well as recyclable mediatory systems for electrochemical fluorination are described. The desulfurizative monofluorination of xanthate and gem-difluorination of benzothioate and dithioacetals are briefly mentioned. Regioselective anodic fluorination of various heterocyclic compounds having a phenylthio group as electroauxiliary and heterocycles containing sulfur and other heteroatoms are also described. In addition, a boryl group is shown to be a good leaving group for anodic fluorination. Moreover, electrochemically α,α-difluorinated phenylsulfides and phenylselenides are illustrated to be useful for photochemical C-H difluoromethylation of aromatic and heteroaromatic compounds. Finally, this Account also highlights highly diastereoselective fluorination of aliphatic heterocyclic and open-chain compounds, as well as new electrolytic fluorination methods using inorganic fluoride salts such as KF and CsF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshio Fuchigami
- Department of Electronic Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Nagatsuta, Yokohama 226-8502, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Inagi
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Nagatsuta, Yokohama 226-8502, Japan
- PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST) 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
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Martins GM, Shirinfar B, Hardwick T, Murtaza A, Ahmed N. Organic electrosynthesis: electrochemical alkyne functionalization. Catal Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cy01312a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We outline examples of electrochemical alkyne functionalization reactions in connection with green and sustainable chemistry that proceed with excellent atom economy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tomas Hardwick
- National Graphene Institute
- University of Manchester
- Manchester
- UK
| | - Ayesha Murtaza
- Department of Chemistry
- Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology
- Rahim Yar Khan 64200
- Pakistan
| | - Nisar Ahmed
- School of Chemistry
- Cardiff University
- Main Building
- Cardiff
- UK
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Recent Advances in the Electrochemical α-C-H Bond Functionalization of Carbonyl Compounds. Adv Synth Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201800519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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10
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Kärkäs MD. Electrochemical strategies for C-H functionalization and C-N bond formation. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 47:5786-5865. [PMID: 29911724 DOI: 10.1039/c7cs00619e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 582] [Impact Index Per Article: 97.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Conventional methods for carrying out carbon-hydrogen functionalization and carbon-nitrogen bond formation are typically conducted at elevated temperatures, and rely on expensive catalysts as well as the use of stoichiometric, and perhaps toxic, oxidants. In this regard, electrochemical synthesis has recently been recognized as a sustainable and scalable strategy for the construction of challenging carbon-carbon and carbon-heteroatom bonds. Here, electrosynthesis has proven to be an environmentally benign, highly effective and versatile platform for achieving a wide range of nonclassical bond disconnections via generation of radical intermediates under mild reaction conditions. This review provides an overview on the use of anodic electrochemical methods for expediting the development of carbon-hydrogen functionalization and carbon-nitrogen bond formation strategies. Emphasis is placed on methodology development and mechanistic insight and aims to provide inspiration for future synthetic applications in the field of electrosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus D Kärkäs
- Department of Chemistry, Organic Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden.
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Wiebe A, Gieshoff T, Möhle S, Rodrigo E, Zirbes M, Waldvogel SR. Electrifying Organic Synthesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:5594-5619. [PMID: 29292849 PMCID: PMC5969240 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201711060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 784] [Impact Index Per Article: 130.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Revised: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The direct synthetic organic use of electricity is currently experiencing a renaissance. More synthetically oriented laboratories working in this area are exploiting both novel and more traditional concepts, paving the way to broader applications of this niche technology. As only electrons serve as reagents, the generation of reagent waste is efficiently avoided. Moreover, stoichiometric reagents can be regenerated and allow a transformation to be conducted in an electrocatalytic fashion. However, the application of electroorganic transformations is more than minimizing the waste footprint, it rather gives rise to inherently safe processes, reduces the number of steps of many syntheses, allows for milder reaction conditions, provides alternative means to access desired structural entities, and creates intellectual property (IP) space. When the electricity originates from renewable resources, this surplus might be directly employed as a terminal oxidizing or reducing agent, providing an ultra-sustainable and therefore highly attractive technique. This Review surveys recent developments in electrochemical synthesis that will influence the future of this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton Wiebe
- Max Planck Graduate CenterStaudingerweg 955128MainzGermany
- Institut für Organische ChemieJohannes Gutenberg-Universität MainzDuesbergweg 10–1455128MainzGermany
| | - Tile Gieshoff
- Graduate School Materials Science in MainzStaudingerweg 955128MainzGermany
- Institut für Organische ChemieJohannes Gutenberg-Universität MainzDuesbergweg 10–1455128MainzGermany
| | - Sabine Möhle
- Institut für Organische ChemieJohannes Gutenberg-Universität MainzDuesbergweg 10–1455128MainzGermany
| | - Eduardo Rodrigo
- Institut für Organische ChemieJohannes Gutenberg-Universität MainzDuesbergweg 10–1455128MainzGermany
| | - Michael Zirbes
- Institut für Organische ChemieJohannes Gutenberg-Universität MainzDuesbergweg 10–1455128MainzGermany
| | - Siegfried R. Waldvogel
- Max Planck Graduate CenterStaudingerweg 955128MainzGermany
- Graduate School Materials Science in MainzStaudingerweg 955128MainzGermany
- Institut für Organische ChemieJohannes Gutenberg-Universität MainzDuesbergweg 10–1455128MainzGermany
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Wiebe A, Gieshoff T, Möhle S, Rodrigo E, Zirbes M, Waldvogel SR. Elektrifizierung der organischen Synthese. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201711060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 259] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anton Wiebe
- Max Planck Graduate Center; Staudingerweg 9 55128 Mainz Deutschland
- Institut für Organische Chemie; Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz; Duesbergweg 10-14 55128 Mainz Deutschland
| | - Tile Gieshoff
- Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz; Staudingerweg 9 55128 Mainz Deutschland
- Institut für Organische Chemie; Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz; Duesbergweg 10-14 55128 Mainz Deutschland
| | - Sabine Möhle
- Institut für Organische Chemie; Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz; Duesbergweg 10-14 55128 Mainz Deutschland
| | - Eduardo Rodrigo
- Institut für Organische Chemie; Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz; Duesbergweg 10-14 55128 Mainz Deutschland
| | - Michael Zirbes
- Institut für Organische Chemie; Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz; Duesbergweg 10-14 55128 Mainz Deutschland
| | - Siegfried R. Waldvogel
- Max Planck Graduate Center; Staudingerweg 9 55128 Mainz Deutschland
- Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz; Staudingerweg 9 55128 Mainz Deutschland
- Institut für Organische Chemie; Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz; Duesbergweg 10-14 55128 Mainz Deutschland
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Yan M, Kawamata Y, Baran PS. Synthetic Organic Electrochemical Methods Since 2000: On the Verge of a Renaissance. Chem Rev 2017; 117:13230-13319. [PMID: 28991454 PMCID: PMC5786875 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1869] [Impact Index Per Article: 267.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemistry represents one of the most intimate ways of interacting with molecules. This review discusses advances in synthetic organic electrochemistry since 2000. Enabling methods and synthetic applications are analyzed alongside innate advantages as well as future challenges of electroorganic chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Phil S. Baran
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
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Xu L, Wang H, Zheng C, Zhao G. One-pot synthesis of (ethoxycarbonyl)difluoromethylthioethers from thiocyanate sodium and ethyl 2-(trimethylsilyl)-2,2-difluoroacetate (TMS-CF 2 CO 2 Et). Tetrahedron 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2017.08.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Fuchigami T. ELECTROCHEMISTRY 2013; 81:589-594. [DOI: 10.5796/electrochemistry.81.589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] Open
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D'Anna F, Marullo S, Vitale P, Noto R. Synthesis of aryl azides: a probe reaction to study the synergetic action of ultrasounds and ionic liquids. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2012; 19:136-142. [PMID: 21757391 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2011.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2011] [Revised: 06/13/2011] [Accepted: 06/16/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The combined effect of ultrasounds and ionic liquids was used to perform the synthesis of aryl azides by nucleophilic aromatic substitution in ionic liquid/[1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium][N3] binary mixtures. The ultrasounds efficiency was analyzed as a function of the substrate and of the ionic liquid structure. In the first case, both 6π and 10π electrons aryl halides were considered. As far as the ionic liquid structure is concerned, both aromatic and aliphatic ionic liquids were taken into account. Among aromatic cations, the effects due to different ability in giving hydrogen bond or π-π interactions were considered. The use of a geminal ionic liquid having an aromatic spacer was examined too. On the whole, collected data evidence an activating effect on the target reaction by the combined use of ultrasounds and ionic liquids. The structural order degree of the ionic liquid seems to be the main factor affecting the ultrasounds efficiency. Furthermore, the effects due to changes in the anion structure seem to be more significant than those due to changes in the cation structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca D'Anna
- Dipartimento STEMBIO, Sezione di Chimica Organica E. Paternò, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze-Parco d'Orleans II, 90128 Palermo, Italy.
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Nishimoto K, Okada Y, Kim S, Chiba K. Rate acceleration of Diels–Alder reactions utilizing a fluorous micellar system in water. Electrochim Acta 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2011.02.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Okada Y, Yoshioka T, Koike M, Chiba K. Heterogeneous continuous flow synthetic system using cyclohexane-based multiphase electrolyte solutions. Tetrahedron Lett 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2011.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Kude K, Hayase S, Kawatsura M, Itoh T. Iron-catalyzed quick homocoupling reaction of aryl or alkynyl Grignard reagents using a phosphonium ionic liquid solvent system. HETEROATOM CHEMISTRY 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/hc.20696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Matsumoto K, Suga S, Yoshida JI. Organic reactions mediated by electrochemically generated ArS+. Org Biomol Chem 2011; 9:2586-96. [DOI: 10.1039/c0ob01070g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Fuchigami T, Inagi S. Selective electrochemical fluorination of organic molecules and macromolecules in ionic liquids. Chem Commun (Camb) 2011; 47:10211-23. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cc12414e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Fujie S, Matsumoto K, Suga S, Yoshida JI. Thiofluorination of Carbon–Carbon Multiple Bonds Using Electrochemically Generated ArS(ArSSAr)+BF4−. CHEM LETT 2009. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.2009.1186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Hayashi S, Inagi S, Fuchigami T. Synthesis of 9-Substituted Fluorene Copolymers via Chemical and Electrochemical Polymer Reaction and Their Optoelectronic Properties. Macromolecules 2009. [DOI: 10.1021/ma900358x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shotaro Hayashi
- Department of Electronic Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8502 Japan
| | - Shinsuke Inagi
- Department of Electronic Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8502 Japan
| | - Toshio Fuchigami
- Department of Electronic Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8502 Japan
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