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Vaskevych A, Dekhtyar M, Vovk M. Cyclizations of Alkenyl(Alkynyl)-Functionalized Quinazolinones and their Heteroanalogues: A Powerful Strategy for the Construction of Polyheterocyclic Structures. CHEM REC 2024; 24:e202300255. [PMID: 37830463 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202300255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Quinazolin-4-one, its heteroanalogues, and derivatives represent an outstandingly important class of compounds in modern organic, medicinal, and pharmaceutical chemistry, as these molecular structures are noted for their wide synthetic and pharmacological potential. In the last years, ever-increasing research attention has been paid to quinazolinone derivatives bearing alkenyl and alkynyl substituents on the pyrimidinone nucleus. The original structural combination of synthetically powerful endocyclic amidine (or amidine-related) and exocyclic unsaturated moieties provides a driving force for cyclizations, which offer an efficient toolkit to construct a variety of fused pyrimidine systems with saturated N- and N,S-heterocycles. In this connection, the present review article is mainly aimed at systematic coverage of the progress in using alkenyl(alkynyl)quinazolinones and their heteroanalogues as convenient bifunctional substrates for regioselective annulation of small- and medium-sized heterocyclic nuclei. Much attention is paid to elucidating the structural and electronic effects of reagents on the regio- and stereoselectivity of the cyclizations as well as to clarifying the relevant reaction mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alla Vaskevych
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Academician Kukhar str., 5, Kyiv 02660, Ukraine
| | - Maryna Dekhtyar
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Academician Kukhar str., 5, Kyiv, 02660, Ukraine
| | - Mykhailo Vovk
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Academician Kukhar str., 5, Kyiv, 02660, Ukraine
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2
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Ismail HS, Khalil A, Taha RA, Lasheen DS, Abou El Ella DA. Design, molecular modelling and synthesis of novel benzothiazole derivatives as BCL-2 inhibitors. Sci Rep 2023; 13:15554. [PMID: 37730790 PMCID: PMC10511702 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-41783-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis plays a crucial role in cancer pathogenesis and drug resistance. BCL-2 family of enzymes is considered as one of the key enzymes which is involved in apoptosis. When there is disruption in the balance between anti-apoptotic and pro-apoptotic members of the BCL-2 family apoptosis is dysregulated in the affected cells. Herein, 33 novel benzothiazole-based molecules 7a-i, 8a-f, 9a-b, 12a-e, 13a-d, 14a,b, and 17a-j were designed, synthesized and tested for their BCL-2 inhibitory activity. Scaffold hopping strategy was applied in designing of the target compounds. Compounds 13c and 13d showed the highest activity with IC50 values equal to 0.471 and 0.363 µM, respectively. Molecular docking studies of the synthesized compounds showed comparable binding interactions with the lead compound. Structure activity relationship study was performed to show the effects of structural modifications on the inhibitory activities on BCL-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoda S Ismail
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amira Khalil
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt (BUE), El-Sherouk City, Cairo, 11837, Egypt.
| | - Rabah A Taha
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Deena S Lasheen
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Dalal A Abou El Ella
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
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3
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Abdelhafiz AHA, Serya RAT, Lasheen DS, Wang N, Sobeh M, Wink M, Abouzid KAM. Molecular design, synthesis and biological evaluation of novel 1,2,5-trisubstituted benzimidazole derivatives as cytotoxic agents endowed with ABCB1 inhibitory action to overcome multidrug resistance in cancer cells. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2022; 37:2710-2724. [PMID: 36168121 PMCID: PMC9543179 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2022.2127700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Multidrug resistance (MDR) is a leading cause for treatment failure in cancer patients. One of the reasons of MDR is drug efflux by ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters in eukaryotic cells especially ABCB1 (P-glycoprotein). In this study, certain novel 1,2,5-trisubstituted benzimidazole derivatives were designed utilising ligand based pharmacophore approach. The designed benzimidazoles were synthesised and evaluated for their cytotoxic activity towards doxorubicin-sensitive cell lines (CCRF/CEM and MCF7), as well as against doxorubicin-resistant cancer cells (CEM/ADR 5000 and Caco-2). In particular, compound VIII showed a substantial cytotoxic effect in all previously mentioned cell lines especially in doxorubicin-resistant CEM/ADR5000 cells (IC50 = 8.13 µM). Furthermore, the most promising derivatives VII, VIII and XI were tested for their ABCB1 inhibitory action in the doxorubicin-resistant CEM/ADR 5000 subline which is known for overexpression of ABCB1 transporters. The results showed that compound VII exhibited the best ABCB1 inhibitory activity at three tested concentrations (22.02 µM (IC50), 50 µM and 100 µM) in comparison to verapamil as a reference ABCB1 inhibitor. Such inhibition resulted in a synergistic effect and a massive decrease in the IC50 of doxorubicin (34.5 µM) when compound VII was used in a non-toxic dose in combination with doxorubicin in doxorubicin-resistant cells CEM/ADR 5000 (IC50(Dox+VII) = 3.81 µM). Molecular modelling studies were also carried out to explain the key interactions of the target benzimidazoles at the ABCB1 binding site. Overall the obtained results from this study suggest that 1,2,5-trisubstituted benzimidazoles possibly are promising candidates for further optimisation and development of potential anticancer agents with ABCB1 inhibitory activity and therefore overcome MDR in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abeer H A Abdelhafiz
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Abbassia, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rabah A T Serya
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Abbassia, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Deena S Lasheen
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Abbassia, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nessa Wang
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mansour Sobeh
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.,AgroBioSciences Research, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Ben-Guerir, Morocco
| | - Michael Wink
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Khaled A M Abouzid
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Abbassia, Cairo, Egypt
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4
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Li ZH, Jiang ZJ, Shao QL, Qin JJ, Shu QF, Lu WH, Su WK. One-Pot Cascade Heterocyclization of γ- and β-Ketomalononitriles to 2,4-Dichloro-Substituted Pyrano[2,3- d]pyrimidines and Furo[2,3- d]pyrimidines Mediated by Triphosgene and Triphenylphosphine Oxide. J Org Chem 2018; 83:6423-6431. [PMID: 29779383 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b00669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
A one-pot cascade heterocyclization strategy has been developed for the synthesis of 2,4-dichloro-substituted pyrano[2,3- d]pyrimidines and furo[2,3- d]pyrimidines from linear γ- and β-ketomalononitriles using triphosgene and triphenylphosphine oxide. The reaction afforded synthetic useful products with moderate to good yields, bypassing the conventional harsh conditions of chlorination. The mechanistic study revealed that the reaction proceeded with a non-isocyanate route, and the second step may conduct in a triphenylphosphine oxide-catalyzed manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Hua Li
- Key Laboratory for Green Pharmaceutical Technologies and Related Equipment of Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Zhejiang University of Technology , Hangzhou 310014 , People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Jiang Jiang
- National Engineering Research Center for Process Development of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients, Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals , Zhejiang University of Technology , Hangzhou 310014 , People's Republic of China
| | - Qiao-Ling Shao
- National Engineering Research Center for Process Development of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients, Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals , Zhejiang University of Technology , Hangzhou 310014 , People's Republic of China
| | - Jin-Jing Qin
- Key Laboratory for Green Pharmaceutical Technologies and Related Equipment of Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Zhejiang University of Technology , Hangzhou 310014 , People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang-Feng Shu
- Key Laboratory for Green Pharmaceutical Technologies and Related Equipment of Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Zhejiang University of Technology , Hangzhou 310014 , People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Hao Lu
- Key Laboratory for Green Pharmaceutical Technologies and Related Equipment of Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Zhejiang University of Technology , Hangzhou 310014 , People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Ke Su
- National Engineering Research Center for Process Development of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients, Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals , Zhejiang University of Technology , Hangzhou 310014 , People's Republic of China
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5
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Design, synthesis and 3D QSAR based pharmacophore study of novel imatinib analogs as antitumor-apoptotic agents. Future Med Chem 2018; 10:1421-1433. [PMID: 29788766 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2017-0242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM Imatinib possesses various mechanisms for combating cancer, making the development of imatinib analogs an attractive target for cancer research. METHOD Two series of analogs were designed and synthesized, maintaining the essential pharmacophoric features in imatinib structure. The synthesized compounds were subjected to cell-based antiproliferative assays against nonsmall lung (A549) and colon cancer cell lines. In addition, flow cytometry cell cycle and caspase-3 colorimetric assays were performed. RESULTS Most compounds showed potent anticancer activity against both cell lines with IC50 = 0.14-5.07 μM. Three compounds demonstrated ability to reinforce cell cycle arrest at G1 stage in a manner similar to imatinib. In addition, they induced apoptosis via activation of caspase-3.
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6
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Synthesis and evaluation of new 2,6-diamino-5-hetarylpyrimidines as inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-017-2032-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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7
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Sheikhhosseini E. Design and effective synthesis of novel furo[2,3-d]pyrimidine derivatives containing ethylene ether spacers. JOURNAL OF SAUDI CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jscs.2016.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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8
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Hossam M, Lasheen DS, Ismail NSM, Esmat A, Mansour AM, Singab ANB, Abouzid KAM. Discovery of anilino-furo[2,3-d]pyrimidine derivatives as dual inhibitors of EGFR/HER2 tyrosine kinase and their anticancer activity. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 144:330-348. [PMID: 29275232 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Revised: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Being responsible for the development of many cancer types, EGFR (Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor) and HER2 (Human Epidermal growth factor Receptor 2) were the focus of this study where a series of novel 4-anilino-furo[2,3-d]pyrimidine derivatives was designed, synthesized and biologically evaluated. Modification of the solvent accessible 5-position side chain greatly affected the in-vitro EGFR/HER2 inhibitory activity. Three derivatives bearing 5-carboxylic acid side chain, namely the 3-chloroanilino derivative (8c), the 3-bromoaniline (8d) and the lapatinib analogue (10) demonstrated the most significant submicromolar EGFR inhibition. Surprisingly, the in-vitro assay of the ester 7h and its acid analogue 10 showed a significant variation of results between the antiproliferative activity against A549 cell line (IC50 0.5 and 21.4 μM) respectively and EGFR inhibitory activity (18% and 100%) respectively, suggesting that 7h might be a prodrug for 10. This assumption was also affirmed by the in-vivo results, where the in-vivo antitumor assessment against EAC (Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma) solid tumor model revealed that 7h and 8d (10 mg/kg dose) exhibited antitumor activity comparable to that of gefitinib at the same dose, exhibiting TGI% of 67%, 71% and 70%, respectively. This effect could be explained, at least partly, via activation of apoptosis, where 7h and 8d caused more than 2-fold increase of caspase 3 and cytochrome c expression than the control group which is comparable to that of gefitinib-treated group. Finally, 7h was the most effective apoptotic inducer, resulting in a significant elevation in annexin V-FITC-positive apoptotic cells (both early and late apoptosis) by 25 and 79-folds, respectively, compared to control, which is higher than that of gefitinib (22 and 61-folds, respectively).
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Affiliation(s)
- Monia Hossam
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Abassia, Cairo 11566, Egypt; Center for Drug Discovery and Development Research, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Abassia, Cairo 11566, Egypt.
| | - Deena S Lasheen
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Abassia, Cairo 11566, Egypt; Center for Drug Discovery and Development Research, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Abassia, Cairo 11566, Egypt
| | - Nasser S M Ismail
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Abassia, Cairo 11566, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Esmat
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Abassia, Cairo 11566, Egypt; Center for Drug Discovery and Development Research, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Abassia, Cairo 11566, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Mansour
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Abdel Nasser B Singab
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Abassia, Cairo 11566, Egypt; Center for Drug Discovery and Development Research, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Abassia, Cairo 11566, Egypt
| | - Khaled A M Abouzid
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Abassia, Cairo 11566, Egypt; Center for Drug Discovery and Development Research, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Abassia, Cairo 11566, Egypt.
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9
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Improved conditions for a direct and regioselective synthesis of 8-carboxyethyl-7-deazaguanine. Tetrahedron Lett 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2017.03.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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10
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UDAYAKUMAR V, GOWSIKA J, PANDURANGAN A. A novel synthesis and preliminary in vitro cytotoxic evaluation of dihydropyrimidine-2,4(1H, 3 H)-dione derivatives. J CHEM SCI 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s12039-017-1223-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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11
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Šačkus A, Kriščiūnienė V, Matulevičiūtė G, Paliulis O. Conversion of 2-Thioxo-2,3-dihydroquinazolin-4(1H)-ones to N(3)-Unsubstituted 2-(Het)Arylquinazolin-4(3H)-ones by Copper-Mediated Pd-Catalysed Cross-Coupling Reactions. HETEROCYCLES 2016. [DOI: 10.3987/com-15-s(t)12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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12
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De Coen LM, Heugebaert TSA, García D, Stevens CV. Synthetic Entries to and Biological Activity of Pyrrolopyrimidines. Chem Rev 2015; 116:80-139. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laurens M. De Coen
- Department of Sustainable
Organic Chemistry and Technology, Ghent University, Coupure links
653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Thomas S. A. Heugebaert
- Department of Sustainable
Organic Chemistry and Technology, Ghent University, Coupure links
653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Daniel García
- Department of Sustainable
Organic Chemistry and Technology, Ghent University, Coupure links
653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Christian V. Stevens
- Department of Sustainable
Organic Chemistry and Technology, Ghent University, Coupure links
653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
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13
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Sarmah MM, Bhuyan D, Prajapati D. Indium-catalyzed microwave-accelerated pot economic C–C bond formation process towards the ‘dry-media’ synthesis of pyrimidine derivatives. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra14434a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Substituted pyrimidines can be constructed in good yields via a microwave-accelerated C–C bond formation process through Lewis acid catalysed Diels–Alder reaction from easily available uracil diene and electron deficient acetylene carboxylate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manas M. Sarmah
- Medicinal Chemistry Division
- CSIR-North-East Institute of Science and Technology
- Jorhat
- India
| | - Debajyoti Bhuyan
- Medicinal Chemistry Division
- CSIR-North-East Institute of Science and Technology
- Jorhat
- India
| | - Dipak Prajapati
- Medicinal Chemistry Division
- CSIR-North-East Institute of Science and Technology
- Jorhat
- India
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14
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Khalaf A, Huggan JK, Suckling CJ, Gibson C, Stewart K, Giordani F, Barrett MP, Wong PE, Barrack KL, Hunter WN. Structure-based design and synthesis of antiparasitic pyrrolopyrimidines targeting pteridine reductase 1. J Med Chem 2014; 57:6479-94. [PMID: 25007262 PMCID: PMC4136963 DOI: 10.1021/jm500483b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The treatment of Human African trypanosomiasis remains a major unmet health need in sub-Saharan Africa. Approaches involving new molecular targets are important; pteridine reductase 1 (PTR1), an enzyme that reduces dihydrobiopterin in Trypanosoma spp., has been identified as a candidate target, and it has been shown previously that substituted pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidines are inhibitors of PTR1 from Trypanosoma brucei (J. Med. Chem. 2010, 53, 221-229). In this study, 61 new pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidines have been prepared, designed with input from new crystal structures of 23 of these compounds complexed with PTR1, and evaluated in screens for enzyme inhibitory activity against PTR1 and in vitro antitrypanosomal activity. Eight compounds were sufficiently active in both screens to take forward to in vivo evaluation. Thus, although evidence for trypanocidal activity in a stage I disease model in mice was obtained, the compounds were too toxic to mice for further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abedawn
I. Khalaf
- WestCHEM
Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, United Kingdom
| | - Judith K. Huggan
- WestCHEM
Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, United Kingdom
| | - Colin J. Suckling
- WestCHEM
Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, United Kingdom, (C.J.S.) E-mail: ; Tel.: +44 141 548 2271
| | - Colin
L. Gibson
- WestCHEM
Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, United Kingdom
| | - Kirsten Stewart
- WestCHEM
Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, United Kingdom
| | - Federica Giordani
- Wellcome
Trust Centre for Molecular Parasitology, Institute of Infection, Immunity
and Inflammation and Glasgow Polyomics, College of Medical, Veterinary
and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, United Kingdom
| | - Michael P. Barrett
- Wellcome
Trust Centre for Molecular Parasitology, Institute of Infection, Immunity
and Inflammation and Glasgow Polyomics, College of Medical, Veterinary
and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, United Kingdom,(M.P.B.) E-mail: ; Tel.: +44 141 330 6904
| | - Pui Ee Wong
- Wellcome
Trust Centre for Molecular Parasitology, Institute of Infection, Immunity
and Inflammation and Glasgow Polyomics, College of Medical, Veterinary
and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, United Kingdom
| | - Keri L. Barrack
- Division
of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 5EH, United
Kingdom
| | - William N. Hunter
- Division
of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 5EH, United
Kingdom,(W.N.H.) E-mail: ; Tel.: +44 1382 385745
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15
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Liu Y, Jin S, Wang Z, Song L, Hu Y. Microwave Assisted Tandem Heck–Sonogashira Reactions of N,N-Di-Boc-Protected 6-Amino-5-iodo-2-methyl Pyrimidin-4-ol in An Efficient Approach to Functionalized Pyrido[2,3-d]Pyrimidines. Org Lett 2014; 16:3524-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ol501459e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- State
Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 ZuChongZhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Shiyu Jin
- State
Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 ZuChongZhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Zi Wang
- College
of Science, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580, China
| | - Linhua Song
- College
of Science, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580, China
| | - Youhong Hu
- State
Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 ZuChongZhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
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16
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Dodonova J, Tumkevicius S. Access to 6-arylpyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidines via a palladium-catalyzed direct C–H arylation reaction. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra07088g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A route to 6-arylpyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidines via a direct palladium-catalyzed C–H arylation reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Dodonova
- Vilnius University
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- LT-03225 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Sigitas Tumkevicius
- Vilnius University
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- LT-03225 Vilnius, Lithuania
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17
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Lang S, Khalaf AI, Breen D, Huggan JK, Clements CJ, MacKay SP, Suckling CJ. Oligoamides of 2-amino-5-alkylthiazole 4-carboxylic acids: anti-trypanosomal compounds. Med Chem Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-013-0723-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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18
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Somai Magar KB, Lee YR, Kim SH. Efficient one-pot synthesis of novel and diverse furo[2,3- $$d$$ d ]pyrimidinediones and thioxofuro[2,3- $$d$$ d ]pyrimidineones by the rhodium (II) pivalate-catalyzed reactions of cyclic diazo compounds. Mol Divers 2013; 17:679-91. [DOI: 10.1007/s11030-013-9463-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2013] [Accepted: 07/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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19
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Khalafi-Nezhad A, Panahi F, Golesorkhi B. One-Pot Synthesis of 5,7,8,9,9a,10-Hexahydro-8-thioxotetrahydropyrido[2,3-d : 6,5-d′]dipyrimidine-2,4,6(1H,3H,5aH)-trionesviaa Four-Component Coupling Reaction of Aldehydes, Amines, Barbituric Acids, and Thiouracil. Helv Chim Acta 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.201200350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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20
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Suckling CJ. The diversity-oriented synthesis of pteridines - achievements and potential for development. IUBMB Life 2013; 65:283-99. [PMID: 23440881 DOI: 10.1002/iub.1148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2012] [Accepted: 12/19/2012] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The importance of pteridines in the key cofactors, tetrahydrofolate and tetrahydrobiopterin, has encouraged the development of the chemistry and chemical biology of pteridines. In order to investigate the latter, versatile synthetic methods are required to prepare designed relatives of the natural cofactors for use as potential drugs or biological probes. Recently, diversity-oriented synthesis has become a particularly powerful and versatile approach to the synthesis of pteridines and related heterocyclic compounds. This article describes and discusses available methods using radical, electrophilic, nucleophilic, and organometal mediated substitution reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin J Suckling
- WestCHEM Research School, Department of Pure & Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1XL, Scotland.
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Mott BT, Tripathi A, Siegler MA, Moore CD, Sullivan DJ, Posner GH. Synthesis and antimalarial efficacy of two-carbon-linked, artemisinin-derived trioxane dimers in combination with known antimalarial drugs. J Med Chem 2013; 56:2630-41. [PMID: 23425037 DOI: 10.1021/jm400058j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Malaria continues to be a difficult disease to eradicate largely because of the widespread populations it affects and the resistance that malaria parasites have developed against once very potent therapies. The natural product artemisinin has been a boon for antimalarial chemotherapy, as artemisinin combination therapy (ACT) has become the first line of chemotherapy. Because the threat of resistance is always on the horizon, it is imperative to continually identify new treatments, comprising both advanced analogues of all antimalarial drugs, especially artemisinin, and the exploration of novel combinations, ideally with distinct mechanisms of action. Here we report for the first time the synthesis of a series of two-carbon-linked artemisinin-derived dimers, their unique structural features, and demonstration of their antimalarial efficacy via single oral dose administration in two 60-day survival studies of Plasmodium berghei infected mice. Several of the new endoperoxide chemical entities consistently demonstrated excellent antimalarial efficacy, and combinations with two non-peroxide antimalarial drugs have been studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan T Mott
- Department of Chemistry, School of Arts and Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland, 21218, USA.
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Chhabra S, Dolezal O, Collins BM, Newman J, Simpson JS, Macreadie IG, Fernley R, Peat TS, Swarbrick JD. Structure of S. aureus HPPK and the discovery of a new substrate site inhibitor. PLoS One 2012; 7:e29444. [PMID: 22276115 PMCID: PMC3261883 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0029444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2011] [Accepted: 11/28/2011] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The first structural and biophysical data on the folate biosynthesis pathway enzyme and drug target, 6-hydroxymethyl-7,8-dihydropterin pyrophosphokinase (SaHPPK), from the pathogen Staphylococcus aureus is presented. HPPK is the second essential enzyme in the pathway catalysing the pyrophosphoryl transfer from cofactor (ATP) to the substrate (6-hydroxymethyl-7,8-dihydropterin, HMDP). In-silico screening identified 8-mercaptoguanine which was shown to bind with an equilibrium dissociation constant, Kd, of ∼13 µM as measured by isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) and surface plasmon resonance (SPR). An IC50 of ∼41 µM was determined by means of a luminescent kinase assay. In contrast to the biological substrate, the inhibitor has no requirement for magnesium or the ATP cofactor for competitive binding to the substrate site. The 1.65 Å resolution crystal structure of the inhibited complex showed that it binds in the pterin site and shares many of the key intermolecular interactions of the substrate. Chemical shift and 15N heteronuclear NMR measurements reveal that the fast motion of the pterin-binding loop (L2) is partially dampened in the SaHPPK/HMDP/α,β-methylene adenosine 5′-triphosphate (AMPCPP) ternary complex, but the ATP loop (L3) remains mobile on the µs-ms timescale. In contrast, for the SaHPPK/8-mercaptoguanine/AMPCPP ternary complex, the loop L2 becomes rigid on the fast timescale and the L3 loop also becomes more ordered – an observation that correlates with the large entropic penalty associated with inhibitor binding as revealed by ITC. NMR data, including 15N-1H residual dipolar coupling measurements, indicate that the sulfur atom in the inhibitor is important for stabilizing and restricting important motions of the L2 and L3 catalytic loops in the inhibited ternary complex. This work describes a comprehensive analysis of a new HPPK inhibitor, and may provide a foundation for the development of novel antimicrobials targeting the folate biosynthetic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Chhabra
- Medicinal Chemistry and Drug Action, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Australia
- CSIRO Division of Materials, Science and Engineering, Parkville, Australia
| | - Olan Dolezal
- CSIRO Division of Materials, Science and Engineering, Parkville, Australia
| | - Brett M. Collins
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Australia
| | - Janet Newman
- CSIRO Division of Materials, Science and Engineering, Parkville, Australia
| | - Jamie S. Simpson
- Medicinal Chemistry and Drug Action, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Australia
| | - Ian G. Macreadie
- School of Applied Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Australia
| | - Ross Fernley
- CSIRO Division of Materials, Science and Engineering, Parkville, Australia
| | - Thomas S. Peat
- CSIRO Division of Materials, Science and Engineering, Parkville, Australia
| | - James D. Swarbrick
- Medicinal Chemistry and Drug Action, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Australia
- * E-mail:
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Synthesis of 4-aryl-, 2,4-diaryl- and 2,4,7-triarylpyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidines by a combination of the Suzuki cross-coupling and N-arylation reactions. Tetrahedron 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2011.10.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Selig R, Schollmeyer D, Albrecht W, Laufer S. The application of Stille cross-coupling reactions with multiple nitrogen containing heterocycles. Tetrahedron 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2011.09.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Adcock J, Gibson CL, Huggan JK, Suckling CJ. Diversity oriented synthesis: substitution at C5 in unreactive pyrimidines by Claisen rearrangement and reactivity in nucleophilic substitution at C2 and C4 in pteridines and pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidines. Tetrahedron 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2011.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Barrack KL, Tulloch LB, Burke LA, Fyfe PK, Hunter WN. Structure of recombinant Leishmania donovani pteridine reductase reveals a disordered active site. Acta Crystallogr Sect F Struct Biol Cryst Commun 2011; 67:33-7. [PMID: 21206018 PMCID: PMC3079966 DOI: 10.1107/s174430911004724x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2010] [Accepted: 11/15/2010] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Pteridine reductase (PTR1) is a potential target for drug development against parasitic Trypanosoma and Leishmania species, protozoa that are responsible for a range of serious diseases found in tropical and subtropical parts of the world. As part of a structure-based approach to inhibitor development, specifically targeting Leishmania species, well ordered crystals of L. donovani PTR1 were sought to support the characterization of complexes formed with inhibitors. An efficient system for recombinant protein production was prepared and the enzyme was purified and crystallized in an orthorhombic form with ammonium sulfate as the precipitant. Diffraction data were measured to 2.5 Å resolution and the structure was solved by molecular replacement. However, a sulfate occupies a phosphate-binding site used by NADPH and occludes cofactor binding. The nicotinamide moiety is a critical component of the active site and without it this part of the structure is disordered. The crystal form obtained under these conditions is therefore unsuitable for the characterization of inhibitor complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keri L. Barrack
- Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, Scotland
| | - Lindsay B. Tulloch
- Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, Scotland
| | - Lynsey-Ann Burke
- Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, Scotland
| | - Paul K. Fyfe
- Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, Scotland
| | - William N. Hunter
- Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, Scotland
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Palladium-catalyzed reaction of methyl 5-amino-4-chloro-2-methylthiopyrrolo[2,3-d]-pyrimidine-6-carboxylate with arylboronic acids. Synthesis of 1,3,4,6-tetraazadibenzo[cd,f]-azulene heterocyclic system. Chem Heterocycl Compd (N Y) 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s10593-010-0636-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Dawson A, Tulloch LB, Barrack KL, Hunter WN. High-resolution structures of Trypanosoma brucei pteridine reductase ligand complexes inform on the placement of new molecular entities in the active site of a potential drug target. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA. SECTION D, BIOLOGICAL CRYSTALLOGRAPHY 2010; 66:1334-40. [PMID: 21123874 PMCID: PMC3655514 DOI: 10.1107/s0907444910040886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2010] [Accepted: 10/12/2010] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
Pteridine reductase (PTR1) is a potential target for drug development against parasitic Trypanosoma and Leishmania species. These protozoa cause serious diseases for which current therapies are inadequate. High-resolution structures have been determined, using data between 1.6 and 1.1 Å resolution, of T. brucei PTR1 in complex with pemetrexed, trimetrexate, cyromazine and a 2,4-diaminopyrimidine derivative. The structures provide insight into the interactions formed by new molecular entities in the enzyme active site with ligands that represent lead compounds for structure-based inhibitor development and to support early-stage drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Dawson
- Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, Scotland
| | | | - Keri L. Barrack
- Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, Scotland
| | - William N. Hunter
- Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, Scotland
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Hu YG, Wang Y, Du SM, Chen XB, Ding MW. Efficient synthesis and biological evaluation of some 2,4-diamino-furo[2,3-d]pyrimidine derivatives. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2010; 20:6188-90. [PMID: 20850310 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2010.08.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2010] [Revised: 07/28/2010] [Accepted: 08/25/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The carbodiimides 2, obtained from aza-Wittig reactions of iminophosphorane 1 with aromatic isocyanates, reacted with ammonia to give ethyl 3,4-dihydro-6-methyl-4-oxo-2-arylamino-furo[2,3-d]pyrimidine-5-carboxylate 3. Further reaction of 3 with POCl(3) and various amines generated ethyl 4-alkylamino-2-arylamino-6-methyl-furo[2,3-d]pyrimidine-5-carboxylate 5 in good yields. Their structures were confirmed by (1)H NMR, EI-Ms, IR and elemental analysis. Compound 5b was further analyzed by single crystal X-ray diffraction. Compound 5 exhibited cytotoxicity against two lung cancer cell lines. For example, compound 5a showed the best inhibition activities against A459 with IC(50) 0.8μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang-Gen Hu
- Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Hubei Medical University, Shiyan 442000, China; Department of Pharmacy, Taihe Hospital of Hubei Medical University, Shiyan 442000, China.
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Tulloch LB, Martini VP, Iulek J, Huggan JK, Lee JH, Gibson CL, Smith TK, Suckling CJ, Hunter WN. Structure-based design of pteridine reductase inhibitors targeting African sleeping sickness and the leishmaniases. J Med Chem 2010; 53:221-9. [PMID: 19916554 PMCID: PMC2804273 DOI: 10.1021/jm901059x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
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Pteridine reductase (PTR1) is a target for drug development against Trypanosoma and Leishmania species, parasites that cause serious tropical diseases and for which therapies are inadequate. We adopted a structure-based approach to the design of novel PTR1 inhibitors based on three molecular scaffolds. A series of compounds, most newly synthesized, were identified as inhibitors with PTR1-species specific properties explained by structural differences between the T. brucei and L. major enzymes. The most potent inhibitors target T. brucei PTR1, and two compounds displayed antiparasite activity against the bloodstream form of the parasite. PTR1 contributes to antifolate drug resistance by providing a molecular bypass of dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) inhibition. Therefore, combining PTR1 and DHFR inhibitors might improve therapeutic efficacy. We tested two new compounds with known DHFR inhibitors. A synergistic effect was observed for one particular combination highlighting the potential of such an approach for treatment of African sleeping sickness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay B Tulloch
- Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD15EH, UK
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Dang Q, Liu Y. An efficient entry to furo[2,3-d]pyrimidines via inverse electron demand Diels–Alder reactions of 2-aminofurans with 1,3,5-triazines. Tetrahedron Lett 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2009.09.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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