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Dawid A, Tomza M. Magnetic properties and quench dynamics of two interacting ultracold molecules in a trap. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:28140-28153. [PMID: 33290463 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp05542e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We theoretically investigate the magnetic properties and nonequilibrium dynamics of two interacting ultracold polar and paramagnetic molecules in a one-dimensional harmonic trap in external electric and magnetic fields. The molecules interact via a multichannel two-body contact potential, incorporating the short-range anisotropy of intermolecular interactions. We show that various magnetization states arise from the interplay of the molecular interactions, electronic spins, dipole moments, rotational structures, external fields, and spin-rotation coupling. The rich magnetization diagrams depend primarily on the anisotropy of the intermolecular interaction and the spin-rotation coupling. These specific molecular properties are challenging to calculate or measure. Therefore, we propose the quench dynamics experiments for extracting them from observing the time evolution of the analyzed system. Our results indicate the possibility of controlling the molecular few-body magnetization with the external electric field and pave the way towards studying the magnetization of ultracold molecules trapped in optical tweezers or optical lattices and their application in quantum simulation of molecular multichannel many-body Hamiltonians and quantum information storing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Dawid
- Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 5, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland.
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2
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Kas M, Loreau J, Liévin J, Vaeck N. Reactivity of Hydrated Hydroxide Anion Clusters with H and Rb: An ab Initio Study. J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:8893-8906. [PMID: 31593464 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b05971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We present a theoretical investigation of the hydrated hydroxide anion clusters, OH(H2O)n-, and of the collisional complexes, H-OH(H2O)n- and Rb-OH(H2O)n- (with n = 1-4). The MP2 and CCSD(T) methods are used to calculate interaction energies, optimized geometries, and vertical detachment energies. Parts of the potential energy surfaces are explored with a focus on the autodetachment region. We point out the importance of diffuse functions to correctly describe the latter. We use our results to discuss the different water loss and electronic detachment channels, which are the main reaction routes at room temperature and below. In particular, we have considered a direct and an indirect process for the electronic detachment, depending on whether water loss follows or precedes the detachment of the excess electron. We use our results to discuss the implications for astrochemistry and hybrid trap experiments in the context of cold chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milaim Kas
- Service de Chimie Quantique et Photophysique (CQP) , Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB) , 1050 Brussels , Belgium
| | - Jérôme Loreau
- Service de Chimie Quantique et Photophysique (CQP) , Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB) , 1050 Brussels , Belgium.,Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences (IMCM/NAPS) , Université Catholique de Louvain , 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve , Belgium
| | - Jacques Liévin
- Service de Chimie Quantique et Photophysique (CQP) , Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB) , 1050 Brussels , Belgium
| | - Nathalie Vaeck
- Service de Chimie Quantique et Photophysique (CQP) , Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB) , 1050 Brussels , Belgium
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3
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Lim J, Almond JR, Trigatzis MA, Devlin JA, Fitch NJ, Sauer BE, Tarbutt MR, Hinds EA. Laser Cooled YbF Molecules for Measuring the Electron's Electric Dipole Moment. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 120:123201. [PMID: 29694100 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.123201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate one-dimensional sub-Doppler laser cooling of a beam of YbF molecules to 100 μK. This is a key step towards a measurement of the electron's electric dipole moment using ultracold molecules. We compare the effectiveness of magnetically assisted and polarization-gradient sub-Doppler cooling mechanisms. We model the experiment and find good agreement with our data.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Lim
- Centre for Cold Matter, Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, Prince Consort Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - J R Almond
- Centre for Cold Matter, Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, Prince Consort Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - M A Trigatzis
- Centre for Cold Matter, Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, Prince Consort Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - J A Devlin
- Centre for Cold Matter, Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, Prince Consort Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - N J Fitch
- Centre for Cold Matter, Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, Prince Consort Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - B E Sauer
- Centre for Cold Matter, Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, Prince Consort Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - M R Tarbutt
- Centre for Cold Matter, Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, Prince Consort Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - E A Hinds
- Centre for Cold Matter, Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, Prince Consort Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
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4
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Brooke JSA, Bernath PF, Western CM. Note: Improved line strengths of rovibrational and rotational transitions within the X3Σ− ground state of NH. J Chem Phys 2015; 143:026101. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4923422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- James S. A. Brooke
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Peter F. Bernath
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Old Dominion University, 4541 Hampton Boulevard, Norfolk, Virginia 23529-0126, USA
| | - Colin M. Western
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
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Abstract
The field of cold molecules has become an important source of new insight in fundamental chemistry and molecular physics. High-resolution spectroscopy benefits from translationally and internally cold molecules by increased interaction times and reduced spectral congestion. Completely new effects in scattering dynamics become accessible with cold and controlled molecules. Many of these experiments use molecular beams as a starting point for the generation of molecular samples. This review gives an overview of methods to produce beams of cold molecules, starting from supersonic expansions or effusive sources, and provides examples of applications in spectroscopy and molecular dynamics studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Jankunas
- Institute for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Osterwalder
- Institute for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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Ruscic B. Active Thermochemical Tables: Sequential Bond Dissociation Enthalpies of Methane, Ethane, and Methanol and the Related Thermochemistry. J Phys Chem A 2015; 119:7810-37. [PMID: 25760799 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.5b01346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Active Thermochemical Tables (ATcT) thermochemistry for the sequential bond dissociations of methane, ethane, and methanol systems were obtained by analyzing and solving a very large thermochemical network (TN). Values for all possible C-H, C-C, C-O, and O-H bond dissociation enthalpies at 298.15 K (BDE298) and bond dissociation energies at 0 K (D0) are presented. The corresponding ATcT standard gas-phase enthalpies of formation of the resulting CHn, n = 4-0 species (methane, methyl, methylene, methylidyne, and carbon atom), C2Hn, n = 6-0 species (ethane, ethyl, ethylene, ethylidene, vinyl, ethylidyne, acetylene, vinylidene, ethynyl, and ethynylene), and COHn, n = 4-0 species (methanol, hydroxymethyl, methoxy, formaldehyde, hydroxymethylene, formyl, isoformyl, and carbon monoxide) are also presented. The ATcT thermochemistry of carbon dioxide, water, hydroxyl, and carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen atoms is also included, together with the sequential BDEs of CO2 and H2O. The provenances of the ATcT enthalpies of formation, which are quite distributed and involve a large number of relevant determinations, are analyzed by variance decomposition and discussed in terms of principal contributions. The underlying reasons for periodic appearances of remarkably low and/or unusually high BDEs, alternating along the dissociation sequences, are analyzed and quantitatively rationalized. The present ATcT results are the most accurate thermochemical values currently available for these species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Branko Ruscic
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States.,Computation Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
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Brooke JSA, Bernath PF, Western CM, van Hemert MC, Groenenboom GC. Line strengths of rovibrational and rotational transitions within the X3Σ− ground state of NH. J Chem Phys 2014; 141:054310. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4891468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Jansen P, Bethlem HL, Ubachs W. Perspective: Tipping the scales: Search for drifting constants from molecular spectra. J Chem Phys 2014; 140:010901. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4853735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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9
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail Lemeshko
- a ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics , Cambridge , MA , 02138 , USA
- b Physics Department , Harvard University , Cambridge , MA , 02138 , USA
- c Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics , University of California , Santa Barbara , CA , 93106 , USA
| | - Roman V. Krems
- c Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics , University of California , Santa Barbara , CA , 93106 , USA
- d Department of Chemistry , University of British Columbia , BC V6T 1Z1, Vancouver , Canada
| | - John M. Doyle
- b Physics Department , Harvard University , Cambridge , MA , 02138 , USA
| | - Sabre Kais
- e Departments of Chemistry and Physics , Purdue University , West Lafayette , IN , 47907 , USA
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Truppe S, Hendricks R, Tokunaga S, Lewandowski H, Kozlov M, Henkel C, Hinds E, Tarbutt M. A search for varying fundamental constants using hertz-level frequency measurements of cold CH molecules. Nat Commun 2013; 4:2600. [PMID: 24129439 PMCID: PMC3826645 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms3600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2013] [Accepted: 09/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Many modern theories predict that the fundamental constants depend on time, position or the local density of matter. Here we develop a spectroscopic method for pulsed beams of cold molecules, and use it to measure the frequencies of microwave transitions in CH with accuracy down to 3 Hz. By comparing these frequencies with those measured from sources of CH in the Milky Way, we test the hypothesis that fundamental constants may differ between the high- and low-density environments of the Earth and the interstellar medium. For the fine structure constant we find Δα/α=(0.3 ± 1.1) × 10⁻⁷, the strongest limit to date on such a variation of α. For the electron-to-proton mass ratio we find Δμ/μ=(-0.7 ± 2.2) × 10⁻⁷. We suggest how dedicated astrophysical measurements can improve these constraints further and can also constrain temporal variation of the constants.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Truppe
- Centre for Cold Matter, Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, Prince Consort Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - R.J. Hendricks
- Centre for Cold Matter, Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, Prince Consort Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - S.K. Tokunaga
- Centre for Cold Matter, Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, Prince Consort Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - H.J. Lewandowski
- JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, 440 UCB, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0440, USA
| | - M.G. Kozlov
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Gatchina 188300, Russia
| | - Christian Henkel
- Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Auf dem Hügel 69, 53121 Bonn, Germany
- Astronomy Department, King Abdulaziz University, PO Box 80203, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - E.A. Hinds
- Centre for Cold Matter, Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, Prince Consort Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - M.R. Tarbutt
- Centre for Cold Matter, Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, Prince Consort Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK
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van de Meerakker SYT, Bethlem HL, Vanhaecke N, Meijer G. Manipulation and Control of Molecular Beams. Chem Rev 2012; 112:4828-78. [DOI: 10.1021/cr200349r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 247] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Hendrick L. Bethlem
- Institute for Lasers, Life and
Biophotonics, VU University Amsterdam,
De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nicolas Vanhaecke
- Laboratoire Aimé Cotton, CNRS, Bâtiment 505, Université Paris-Sud,
91405 Orsay, France
| | - Gerard Meijer
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin,
Germany
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de Nijs AJ, Bethlem HL. On deflection fields, weak-focusing and strong-focusing storage rings for polar molecules. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2011; 13:19052-8. [PMID: 21979152 DOI: 10.1039/c1cp21477b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we analyze electric deflection fields for polar molecules in terms of a multipole expansion and derive a simple but rather insightful expression for the force on the molecules. Ideally, a deflection field exerts a strong, constant force in one direction, while the force in the other directions is zero. We show how, by a proper choice of the expansion coefficients, this ideal can be best approximated. We present a design for a practical electrode geometry based on this analysis. By bending such a deflection field into a circle, a simple storage ring can be created; the direct analog of a weak-focusing cyclotron for charged particles. We show that for realistic parameters a weak-focusing ring is only stable for molecules with a very low velocity. A strong-focusing (alternating-gradient) storage ring can be created by arranging many straight deflection fields in a circle and by alternating the sign of the hexapole term between adjacent deflection fields. The acceptance of this ring is numerically calculated for realistic parameters. Such a storage ring might prove useful in experiments looking for an EDM of elementary particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian J de Nijs
- Institute for Lasers, Life and Biophotonics, VU University Amsterdam, de Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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13
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Janssen LMC, Żuchowski PS, van der Avoird A, Hutson JM, Groenenboom GC. Cold and ultracold NH–NH collisions: The field-free case. J Chem Phys 2011; 134:124309. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3570596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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14
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Jansen P, Xu LH, Kleiner I, Ubachs W, Bethlem HL. Methanol as a sensitive probe for spatial and temporal variations of the proton-to-electron mass ratio. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2011; 106:100801. [PMID: 21469780 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.106.100801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The 6.7 and 12.2 GHz masers, corresponding to the 5(1) → 6(0)A+ and 2(0) → 3(-1)E transitions in methanol (CH3OH), respectively, are among the brightest radio objects in the sky. We present calculations for the sensitivity of these and other transitions in the ground state of methanol to a variation of the proton-to-electron mass ratio. We show that the sensitivity is greatly enhanced due to a cancellation of energies associated with the hindered internal rotation and the overall rotation of the molecule. We find sensitivities of K(μ) = -42 and K(μ) = -33, for the 5(1) → 6(0)A+ and 2(0) → 3(-1)E transitions, respectively. The sensitivities of other transitions in the different isotopologues of methanol range from -88 to 330. This makes methanol a sensitive probe for spatial and temporal variations of the proton-to-electron mass ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Jansen
- Institute for Lasers, Life and Biophotonics, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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15
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Affiliation(s)
- Ch Seiler
- ETH Zurich, Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Wolfgang Pauli-Str. 10, Zurich, Switzerland
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Hogan SD, Motsch M, Merkt F. Deceleration of supersonic beams using inhomogeneous electric and magnetic fields. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2011; 13:18705-23. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cp21733j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Ivanov T, Dickenson G, Roudjane M, Oliveira ND, Joyeux D, Nahon L, Tchang-Brillet WÜ, Ubachs W. Fourier-transform spectroscopy of HD in the vacuum ultraviolet at λ = 87–112 nm. Mol Phys 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/00268971003649307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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18
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Janssen LMC, Groenenboom GC, van der Avoird A, Żuchowski PS, Podeszwa R. Ab initio potential energy surfaces for NH(Σ3−)–NH(Σ3−) with analytical long range. J Chem Phys 2009; 131:224314. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3268920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Gianturco FA, Tacconi M. Concluding remarks: achievements and challenges in cold and ultracold molecules. Faraday Discuss 2009; 142:463-77. [DOI: 10.1039/b910178k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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