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Kozioł K, Aucar IA, Gaul K, Berger R, Aucar GA. Relativistic and quantum electrodynamics effects on NMR shielding tensors of TlX (X = H, F, Cl, Br, I, At) molecules. J Chem Phys 2024; 161:064307. [PMID: 39132800 DOI: 10.1063/5.0213653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The results of relativistic calculations of nuclear magnetic resonance shielding tensors (σ) for the thallium monocation (Tl+), thallium hydride (TlH), and thallium halides (TlF, TlCl, TlBr, TlI, and TlAt) are presented as obtained within a four-component polarization propagator formalism and a two-component linear response approach within the zeroth-order regular approximation. In addition to a detailed analysis of relativistic effects performed in this work, some quantum electrodynamical (QED) effects on those nuclear magnetic resonance shieldings and other small contributions are estimated. A strong dependence of σ(Tl) on the bonding partner is found, together with a very weak dependence of QED effects with them. In order to explain the trends observed, the excitation patterns associated with relativistic ee (or paramagnetic-like) and pp (or diamagnetic-like) contributions to σ are analyzed. For this purpose, the electronic spin-free and spin-dependent contributions are separated within the two-component zeroth-order regular approximation, and the influence of spin-orbit coupling on involved molecular orbitals is studied, which allows for a thorough understanding of the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karol Kozioł
- Narodowe Centrum Badań Jadrowych (NCBJ), Andrzeja Sołtana 7, 05-400 Otwock-Świerk, Poland
| | - I Agustín Aucar
- Instituto de Modelado e Innovación Tecnológica (UNNE-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales y Agrimensura, Universidad Nacional del Nordeste, Avda. Libertad, 5460 Corrientes, Argentina
- Van Swinderen Institute for Particle Physics and Gravity, University of Groningen, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Konstantin Gaul
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Robert Berger
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Gustavo A Aucar
- Instituto de Modelado e Innovación Tecnológica (UNNE-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales y Agrimensura, Universidad Nacional del Nordeste, Avda. Libertad, 5460 Corrientes, Argentina
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Aucar JJ, Melo JI, Maldonado AF. Electric Field Gradient in Chiral and Tetrahedral Molecules within High-Order LRESC Formalism. J Phys Chem A 2024; 128:5089-5099. [PMID: 38725128 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.4c00426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
In this work, we present the electric field gradient (EFG) given by the linear response elimination of the small component (LRESC) scheme up to the 1/c4 order (c is the speed of light in vacuum) in CHFClX (X = Br, I, At) chiral molecules, together with CHF2Br and CH2FX (X = Br, I, At) tetrahedral systems. The former could be good candidates for further parity violation studies, especially when heavy atoms are surrounding. In this context, the LRESC scheme demonstrates effective applicability to large tetrahedral and chiral molecules that incorporate heavy elements, with relativistic effects playing a crucial role. The LRESC results of EFG exhibit an excellent agreement with those calculated at the four-component level, giving differences of only hundredths order in a.u. (atomic units) for the bromine nucleus and less than 0.1 a.u. for the iodine nucleus. Regarding the other nuclei, for the chiral molecules, there is a heavy atom effect on the light atom (HALA) for chlorine and fluorine atoms as the substituent halogen atom becomes heavier. Furthermore, the electronic part of the EFG for the central carbon and the fluorine nuclei presents an important dependence with the environment in the molecules under study. With accurate calculations of the EFG and tabulated nuclear quadrupole moment, the nuclear quadrupole coupling constant is obtained within the LRESC scheme, including for the first time correlation effects on the spin-dependent corrections with this methodology, providing results close to the experimental ones for Cl, Br, and I atoms. At the Hartree-Fock level, the differences are around 6% for Br and I nuclei, and at the density functional theory level with the LDA and PBE0 functionals, the differences are no more than 2%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan J Aucar
- Physics Department, Natural and Exact Science Faculty, National Northeastern University of Argentina, Avda Libertad 5460, W3404AAS Corrientes, Argentina
- Institute for Modelling and Innovative Technology, IMIT (CONICET-UNNE), Avda Libertad 5460, W3404AAS Corrientes, Argentina
| | - Juan I Melo
- CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Física de Buenos Aires (IFIBA), C1428EGA Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Física, C1428EGA Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alejandro F Maldonado
- Institute for Modelling and Innovative Technology, IMIT (CONICET-UNNE), Avda Libertad 5460, W3404AAS Corrientes, Argentina
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Florez E, Zapata-Escobar AD, Ferraro F, Ibargüen Becerra C, Chamorro Y, Maldonado AF. Coordination of Mercury(II) in Water Promoted over Hydrolysis in Solvated Clusters [Hg(H 2O) 1-6] (aq)2+: Insights from Relativistic Effects and Free Energy Analysis. J Phys Chem A 2023; 127:8032-8049. [PMID: 37672217 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c02927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the nature of the interaction between mercury(II) ions, Hg2+, and water molecules is crucial to describe the stability and chemical behavior of structures formed during solvation, as well as the conditions that favor the Hg2+ coordination or inducing water hydrolysis. In our study, we explored exhaustively the potential energy surface of Hg2+ with up to six water molecules. We analyzed electronic and Gibbs free energies, binding, and nuclear magnetic resonance parameters. We used the zeroth-order regular approximation Hamiltonian, including scalar and spin-orbit relativistic corrections for free energy calculations and geometry optimizations to explore the interplay between electron correlation and relativistic effects. We analyzed intermolecular interactions with energy decomposition analysis, quantum theory of atoms in molecules, and natural bond orbital. Additionally, we used the four-component Dirac Hamiltonian to compute solvent effect on the magnetic shielding and J-coupling constants. Our results revealed that the water hydrolysis by Hg2+ requires a minimum of three water molecules. We found that the interaction between Hg2+ and water molecules is an orbital interaction due to relativistic effects and the most stable structures are opened-shape clusters, reducing the number of oxygen-mercury contacts and maximizing the formation of hydrogen bonds among water molecules. In these types of clusters, Hg2+ promotes the water hydrolysis over coordination with oxygen atoms. However, when we considered the change associated with the transfer of a cluster from the ideal gas to a solvated system, our solvation free energy analysis revealed that closed-shape clusters are more favorable, maximizing the number of oxygen-mercury contacts and reducing the formation of hydrogen bonds among water molecules. This finding suggests that, under room conditions, the coordination of Hg2+ is more favorable than hydrolysis. Our results have significant implications for understanding Hg2+ behavior in water, helping to develop targeted strategies for mercury remediation and management, and contributing to advancements in the broader field of environmental chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edison Florez
- Centre for Theoretical Chemistry and Physics, The New Zealand Institute for Advanced Study, Massey University, 0632 Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Andy D Zapata-Escobar
- Institute for Modeling and Innovative Technology (IMIT), CONICET-UNNE, W3404AAS Corrientes, Argentina
- Physics Department, Natural and Exact Science Faculty, Northeastern University, W3404AAS Corrientes, Argentina
| | - Franklin Ferraro
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Católica Luis Amigó, 050034 Medellín, Colombia
| | - César Ibargüen Becerra
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Antioquia, 050010 Medellín, Colombia
- Facultad de Arquitectura e Ingeniería, Institución Universitaria Colegio Mayor de Antioquia (IUCMA), 050034 Medellín, Colombia
| | - Yuly Chamorro
- Van Swinderen Institute for Particle Physics and Gravity, University of Groningen, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Alejandro F Maldonado
- Institute for Modeling and Innovative Technology (IMIT), CONICET-UNNE, W3404AAS Corrientes, Argentina
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Rusakov YY, Rusakova IL. New efficient pecS- n ( n = 1, 2) basis sets for quantum chemical calculations of 31P NMR chemical shifts. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023. [PMID: 37409722 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp02664g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
The basis sets that are used in the quantum chemical calculations of 31P NMR chemical shifts have always been one of the most important factors of accuracy. Regardless of what high-quality approach is employed, using basis sets of insufficient flexibility in the important angular regions may give poor results and lead to misassignments of the signals in the 31P NMR spectra. In this work, it was found that the existing nonrelativistic basis sets for phosphorus atom of double- and triple-ζ quality, specialized for the 31P NMR chemical shifts calculations, are essentially undersaturated in the d-angular space that occurred to play a significant role in the overall accuracy of these calculations. This problem has been thoroughly investigated, and new pecS-n (n = 1, 2) basis sets for phosphorus chemical shifts calculations were proposed. The exponents and contraction coefficients for the pecS-n basis sets were generated with the property-energy consistent method that has been introduced in our earlier paper, and has been proven useful in the creation of efficient property-oriented basis sets. New basis sets were optimized using the GIAO-DFT method with the B97-2 functional. Extensive benchmark calculations showed that the pecS-1 and pecS-2 basis sets provide very good accuracy, characterized by the corrected mean absolute percentage errors against the experiment of about 7.03 and 4.42 ppm, respectively. In particular, the accuracy of 31P NMR chemical shifts calculations achieved with the pecS-2 basis set is one of the most favorable accuracies for today. We believe that our new pecS-n (n = 1, 2) basis sets for phosphorus atom will prove useful in modern large-scale quantum chemical calculations of 31P NMR chemical shifts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuriy Yu Rusakov
- A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Favorsky St. 1, 664033 Irkutsk, Russian Federation.
| | - Irina L Rusakova
- A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Favorsky St. 1, 664033 Irkutsk, Russian Federation.
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Rusakov YY, Rusakova IL. New pecJ- n ( n = 1, 2) Basis Sets for Selenium Atom Purposed for the Calculations of NMR Spin-Spin Coupling Constants Involving Selenium. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24097841. [PMID: 37175548 PMCID: PMC10178039 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24097841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
We present new compact pecJ-n (n = 1, 2) basis sets for the selenium atom developed for the quantum-chemical calculations of NMR spin-spin coupling constants (SSCCs) involving selenium nuclei. These basis sets were obtained at the second order polarization propagator approximation with coupled cluster singles and doubles amplitudes (SOPPA(CCSD)) level with the property-energy consistent (PEC) method, which was introduced in our previous papers. The existing SSCC-oriented selenium basis sets are rather large in size, while the PEC method gives more compact basis sets that are capable of providing accuracy comparable to that reached using the property-oriented basis sets of larger sizes generated with a standard even-tempered technique. This is due to the fact that the PEC method is very different in its essence from the even-tempered approaches. It generates new exponents through the total optimization of angular spaces of trial basis sets with respect to the property under consideration and the total molecular energy. New basis sets were tested on the coupled cluster singles and doubles (CCSD) calculations of SSCCs involving selenium in the representative series of molecules, taking into account relativistic, solvent, and vibrational corrections. The comparison with the experiment showed that the accuracy of the results obtained with the pecJ-2 basis set is almost the same as that provided by a significantly larger basis set, aug-cc-pVTZ-J, while that achieved with a very compact pecJ-1 basis set is only slightly inferior to the accuracy provided by the former.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuriy Yu Rusakov
- A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Favorsky St. 1, 664033 Irkutsk, Russia
| | - Irina L Rusakova
- A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Favorsky St. 1, 664033 Irkutsk, Russia
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Rusakova IL, Rusakov YY. On the Utmost Importance of the Basis Set Choice for the Calculations of the Relativistic Corrections to NMR Shielding Constants. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076231. [PMID: 37047204 PMCID: PMC10094374 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The investigation of the sensitivity of the relativistic corrections to the NMR shielding constants (σ) to the configuration of angular spaces of the basis sets used on the atoms of interest was carried out within the four-component density functional theory (DFT). Both types of relativistic effects were considered, namely the so-called heavy atom on light atom and heavy atom on heavy atom effects, though the main attention was paid to the former. As a main result, it was found that the dependence of the relativistic corrections to σ of light nuclei (exemplified here by 1H and 13C) located in close vicinity to a heavy atom (exemplified here by In, Sn, Sb, Te, and I) on the basis set used on the light spectator atom was very much in common with that of the Fermi-contact contribution to the corresponding nonrelativistic spin-spin coupling constant (J). In general, it has been shown that the nonrelativistic J-oriented and σ-oriented basis sets, artificially saturated in the tight s-region, provided much better accuracy than the standard nonrelativistic σ-oriented basis sets when calculating the relativistic corrections to the NMR shielding constants of light nuclei at the relativistic four-component level of the DFT theory.
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Aucar JJ, Maldonado AF, Melo JI. High order relativistic corrections on the electric field gradient within the LRESC formalism. J Chem Phys 2022; 157:244105. [PMID: 36586974 DOI: 10.1063/5.0124701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, we present relativistic corrections to the electric field gradient (EFG) given by the Linear Response Elimination of the Small Component (LRESC) scheme at 1/c2 order and including for the first time spin-dependent (SD) corrections at 1/c4 order. We show that these new terms improve the performance of LRESC as results with this methodology are very close to those calculated at the four-component Dirac-Hartree-Fock (4c-DHF) level. We assess the new corrections in BrY and AtY di-halogen (Y = F, Cl, Br, I, and At) and XZY bi-linear molecules (Z = Zn, Cd, and Hg; X, Y = F, Cl, Br, I, and At). At the 4c-DHF level, we analyze the contributions coming from the large and small components of the relativistic 4c wave function to the electronic part of EFG and compare them with the LRESC corrections to find their electronic origin. For the HgX2 (X = Cl, Br, and I) subset, when the SD correcting terms are included, LRESC calculations match very well with 4c-DHF ones and those from the literature, with differences less than 1% for molecules containing up to three heavy atoms. We show that LRESC gives accurate values of EFG, allowing the analysis of the electronic origin of relativistic effects in terms of well-known nonrelativistic operators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan J Aucar
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales y Agrimensura, Universidad Nacional del Nordeste, Avda. Libertad, 5460 Corrientes, Argentina
| | - Alejandro F Maldonado
- Instituto de Modelado e Innovación Tecnológica (UNNE-CONICET), Corrientes, Argentina
| | - Juan I Melo
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Física, Instituto de Física de Buenos Aires (IFIBA-UBA-CONICET), Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), C1428EGA Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Zapata Escobar AD, Maldonado AF, Aucar GA. The LRESC-Loc Model to Analyze Magnetic Shieldings with Localized Molecular Orbitals. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:9519-9534. [PMID: 36512732 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c05604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The leading electronic mechanisms of relativistic effects in the NMR magnetic shieldings of heavy-atom (HA) containing molecules are well described by the linear response with elimination of small components model (LRESC). We show here first results from a new version of the LRESC model written in terms of localized molecular orbitals (LMOs) which is coined as LRESC-Loc. Those LMOs resemble "chemist's orbitals", representing lone-pairs, atomic cores, and bonds. The whole set of relativistic effects are expressed in terms of non-ligand-dependent and ligand-dependent contributions. We show the electronic origin of trends and behavior of different mechanisms in molecular systems which contain heavy elements that belong to any of the IB to VIIA groups of the periodic table. The SO mechanism has a well-defined dependence with the LPs (LPσ and LPπ) when the HAs have them, but the non-SO mechanisms mostly depend on other LMOs. In addition we propose here that the SO mechanism can be used to characterize interactions involving LPs and the non-SO mechanisms to characterize covalent and close-shell interactions. All our main results are in accord with previous findings, though we are now able to analyze them in a different manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andy D Zapata Escobar
- Physics Department, Natural and Exact Science Faculty, Northeastern University of Argentina, Corrientes, W3404AAS, Argentina.,Institute for Modeling and Innovative Technology, IMIT (CONICET-UNNE), Corrientes, W3404AAS, Argentina
| | - Alejandro F Maldonado
- Institute for Modeling and Innovative Technology, IMIT (CONICET-UNNE), Corrientes, W3404AAS, Argentina
| | - Gustavo A Aucar
- Physics Department, Natural and Exact Science Faculty, Northeastern University of Argentina, Corrientes, W3404AAS, Argentina.,Institute for Modeling and Innovative Technology, IMIT (CONICET-UNNE), Corrientes, W3404AAS, Argentina
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Quantum Chemical Approaches to the Calculation of NMR Parameters: From Fundamentals to Recent Advances. MAGNETOCHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/magnetochemistry8050050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Quantum chemical methods for the calculation of indirect NMR spin–spin coupling constants and chemical shifts are always in progress. They never stay the same due to permanently developing computational facilities, which open new perspectives and create new challenges every now and then. This review starts from the fundamentals of the nonrelativistic and relativistic theory of nuclear magnetic resonance parameters, and gradually moves towards the discussion of the most popular common and newly developed methodologies for quantum chemical modeling of NMR spectra.
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Semenov VA, Krivdin LB. Computational NMR of natural products. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2022. [DOI: 10.1070/rcr5027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Mirzaeva I. Large relativistic effects in 119Sn NMR parameters: A case study of complex anions [Cp*M(SnCl3)nCl3−n]−, where M = Rh, Ir; n = 1, 2, 3. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2021.113432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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12
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Aucar IA, Borschevsky A. Relativistic study of parity-violating nuclear spin-rotation tensors. J Chem Phys 2021; 155:134307. [PMID: 34624973 DOI: 10.1063/5.0065487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a four-component relativistic approach to describe the effects of the nuclear spin-dependent parity-violating (PV) weak nuclear forces on nuclear spin-rotation (NSR) tensors. The formalism is derived within the four-component polarization propagator theory based on the Dirac-Coulomb Hamiltonian. Such calculations are important for planning and interpretation of possible future experiments aimed at stringent tests of the standard model through the observation of PV effects in NSR spectroscopy. An exploratory application of this theory to the chiral molecules H2X2 (X = 17O, 33S, 77Se, 125Te, and 209Po) illustrates the dramatic effect of relativity on these contributions. In particular, spin-free and spin-orbit effects are even of opposite signs for some dihedral angles, and the latter fully dominate for the heavier nuclei. Relativistic four-component calculations of isotropic nuclear spin-rotation constants, including parity-violating electroweak interactions, give frequency differences of up to 4.2 mHz between the H2Po2 enantiomers; on the nonrelativistic level of theory, this energy difference is 0.1 mHz only.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Agustín Aucar
- Instituto de Modelado e Innovación Tecnológica (UNNE-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales y Agrimensura, Universidad Nacional del Nordeste, Avda. Libertad, 5460 Corrientes, Argentina
| | - Anastasia Borschevsky
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Van Swinderen Institute for Particle Physics and Gravity, University of Groningen, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
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Rusakova IL, Rusakov YY. Quantum chemical calculations of 77 Se and 125 Te nuclear magnetic resonance spectral parameters and their structural applications. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2021; 59:359-407. [PMID: 33095923 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.5111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
An accurate quantum chemical (QC) modeling of 77 Se and 125 Te nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra is deeply involved in the NMR structural assignment for selenium and tellurium compounds that are of utmost importance both in organic and inorganic chemistry nowadays due to their huge application potential in many fields, like biology, medicine, and metallurgy. The main interest of this review is focused on the progress in QC computations of 77 Se and 125 Te NMR chemical shifts and indirect spin-spin coupling constants involving these nuclei. Different computational methodologies that have been used to simulate the NMR spectra of selenium and tellurium compounds since the middle of the 1990s are discussed with a strong emphasis on their accuracy. A special accent is placed on the calculations resorting to the relativistic methodologies, because taking into account the relativistic effects appreciably influences the precision of NMR calculations of selenium and, especially, tellurium compounds. Stereochemical applications of quantum chemical calculations of 77 Se and 125 Te NMR parameters are discussed so as to exemplify the importance of integrated approach of experimental and computational NMR techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina L Rusakova
- A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Irkutsk, Russian Federation
| | - Yuriy Yu Rusakov
- A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Irkutsk, Russian Federation
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Rusakov YY, Rusakova IL. What Most Affects the Accuracy of 125Te NMR Chemical Shift Calculations. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:6714-6725. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c05780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu. Yu. Rusakov
- A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Favorsky St. 1, 664033 Irkutsk, Russian Federation
| | - I. L. Rusakova
- A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Favorsky St. 1, 664033 Irkutsk, Russian Federation
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Bashi M, Rahnamaye Aliabad HA. Investigation of 205 Tl NMR shielding, structural, and electronical properties in thallium halides by applying PBE-GGA, YS-PBE0 and mBJ functionals. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2020; 58:223-231. [PMID: 31715051 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.4970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We report the structural, electronical, and heavy nuclear 205 Tl Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) shielding properties of thallium halides TlX (X = F, Cl, Br, and I) by the first principles calculation. The Perdew-Burke-Ernzerhof Generalized Gradient Approximation, Yukawa Screened-PBE0 hybrid functional, and modified Becke-Johnson (mBJ) functionals including the relativistic and spin-orbit coupling effects are applied for calculation of the exchange-correlation potentials. Calculated PDOS spectra display that the valence band is composed of the X-s, Tl-5d, X-p, and Tl-6s states, and these states play an important role in 205 Tl NMR shielding. Our findings indicate that the nuclear magnetic shielding parameters depend on the electronic properties. Obtained results by mBJ show that there is a close agreement between the experimental and the calculated NMR parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Bashi
- Department of Physics, Hakim Sabzevari University, Sabzevar, Iran
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Melo JI, Maldonado AF, Aucar GA. Performance of the LRESC Model on top of DFT Functionals for Relativistic NMR Shielding Calculations. J Chem Inf Model 2020; 60:722-730. [PMID: 31877038 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.9b00912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The linear response within the elimination of the small component model (LRESC) is an insightful and computationally efficient method for including relativistic effects on molecular properties like the nuclear magnetic shielding constants, spin-rotation constant, g-tensor, and electric field gradient of heavy atom containing molecules with atoms belonging up to the sixth row of the periodic table. One of its main advantages is its capacity to analyze the electronic origin of the different relativistic correcting terms. Until now, it was always applied on top of Hartree-Fock ground-state wave functions (LRESC/HF) to calculate and analyze NMR shieldings. In this work, we show the performance of the LRESC formalism on top of some density functional theory (DFT) functionals to compute tin shielding constants in SnX4 (X = H, F, Cl, Br, I) molecular systems. We analyze the performance of each LRESC/DFT scheme on reproducing the electronic mechanisms of the shieldings, taking as a benchmark the results of relativistic calculations at the RPA level of approach (4c/RPA). As in previous works, we divide the LRESC relativistic correcting terms into two groups: core-dependent and ligand-dependent contributions. It is shown here that core-dependent corrections are well-reproduced for the selected DFT functionals, but some differences arise in the ligand-dependent ones. We focus on the performance of different functionals, including the same electron correlation part but containing different amounts of HF exchange. The best results are obtained for the BHandHLYP functional (50% of HF exchange) and the worst for BLYP (0%). When the percentage of HF exchange increases, ligand-dependent contributions are better described, and the final LRESC/DFT results are closer to those obtained with LRESC/HF and 4c/RPA methods. The spin-orbit correction to the shielding constant is one of the main ligand-dependent contributions (there are two more) with total value depending on the amount of HF exchange included in the functional. When the amount of HF exchange decreases, the spin-orbit contribution becomes larger, overestimating the shielding constant even when nonrelativisitc DFT values are much smaller than the nonrelativistic HF ones, as it happens for the heaviest molecular system studied here (SnI4).
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan I Melo
- Departamento de Física, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales , Universidad de Buenos Aires and IFIBA CONICET , Buenos Aires 1428 , Argentina
| | - Alejandro F Maldonado
- Physics Department, Natural and Exact Science Faculty, Northeastern University of Argentina and Institute of Modelling and Innovation on Technology , IMIT CONICET-UNNE , Corrientes W3404AAS , Argentina
| | - Gustavo A Aucar
- Physics Department, Natural and Exact Science Faculty, Northeastern University of Argentina and Institute of Modelling and Innovation on Technology , IMIT CONICET-UNNE , Corrientes W3404AAS , Argentina
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Krivdin LB. Calculation of 15N NMR chemical shifts: Recent advances and perspectives. PROGRESS IN NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY 2017; 102-103:98-119. [PMID: 29157495 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnmrs.2017.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in computation of 15N NMR chemical shifts are reviewed, concentrating mainly on practical aspects of computational protocols and accuracy factors. The review includes the discussion of the level of theory, the choice of density functionals and basis sets together with taking into account solvent effects, rovibrational corrections and relativistic effects. Computational aspects of 15N NMR are illustrated for the series of neutral and protonated open-chain nitrogen-containing compounds and nitrogen heterocycles, coordination and intermolecular complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonid B Krivdin
- A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Favorsky St. 1, 664033 Irkutsk, Russia.
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18
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Yoshizawa T, Hada M. Calculations of nuclear magnetic shielding constants based on the exact two-component relativistic method. J Chem Phys 2017; 147:154104. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5001256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Terutaka Yoshizawa
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-Osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397,
Japan
| | - Masahiko Hada
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-Osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397,
Japan
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19
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Schneider J, Sindlinger CP, Eichele K, Schubert H, Wesemann L. Low-Valent Lead Hydride and Its Extreme Low-Field 1H NMR Chemical Shift. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:6542-6545. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b01856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Schneider
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie der Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christian P. Sindlinger
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie der Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Klaus Eichele
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie der Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Hartmut Schubert
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie der Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Lars Wesemann
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie der Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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20
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Benedetti M, De Castro F, Fanizzi FP. 73Ge, 119Sn and 207Pb: general cooperative effects of single atom ligands on the NMR signals observed in tetrahedral [MX nY 4-n] (M = Ge, Sn, Pb; 1 ≤ n ≤ 4; X, Y = Cl, Br, I) coordination compounds of heavier XIV group elements. Dalton Trans 2017; 46:2855-2860. [PMID: 28181618 DOI: 10.1039/c7dt00307b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An inverse linear relationship between 73Ge, 119Sn and 207Pb NMR chemical shifts and the overall sum of ionic radii of coordinated halido ligands has been discovered in tetrahedral [MXnY4-n] (M = Ge, Sn, Pb; 1 ≤ n ≤ 4; X, Y = Cl, Br, I) coordination compounds. This finding is consistent with a previously reported correlation found in octahedral, pentacoordinate and square planar platinum complexes. The effect of the coordinated halido ligands acting on the metal as shielding conducting rings is therefore confirmed also by 73Ge, 119Sn and 207Pb NMR spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Benedetti
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche ed Ambientali, Università del Salento, Via Monteroni, I-73100 Lecce, Italy.
| | - F De Castro
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche ed Ambientali, Università del Salento, Via Monteroni, I-73100 Lecce, Italy.
| | - F P Fanizzi
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche ed Ambientali, Università del Salento, Via Monteroni, I-73100 Lecce, Italy.
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21
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Benedetti M, De Castro F, Ciccarese A, Fanizzi FP. NMR effective radius of hydrogen in XIV group hydrides evaluated by NMR spectroscopy. Dalton Trans 2017; 46:14094-14097. [DOI: 10.1039/c7dt03348f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In the [ABrnIm] (A = C, Si, Ge, Sn; n + m = 4) compounds, with the heavier halido ligands bonded to the central IV group elements, the 13C, 29Si, 73Ge and 119Sn NMR chemical shifts were found to be linearly related to the bonded halides ionic radii overall sum, ∑(rh). The 207Pb NMR chemical shift of the unstable [PbH4] hydride could be calculated.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Benedetti
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche ed Ambientali
- Università del Salento
- I-73100 Lecce
- Italy
| | - F. De Castro
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche ed Ambientali
- Università del Salento
- I-73100 Lecce
- Italy
| | - A. Ciccarese
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche ed Ambientali
- Università del Salento
- I-73100 Lecce
- Italy
| | - F. P. Fanizzi
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche ed Ambientali
- Università del Salento
- I-73100 Lecce
- Italy
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22
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Vícha J, Marek R, Straka M. High-Frequency 1H NMR Chemical Shifts of SnII and PbII Hydrides Induced by Relativistic Effects: Quest for PbII Hydrides. Inorg Chem 2016; 55:10302-10309. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.6b01575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Vícha
- Center of Polymer Systems, University Institute, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, Třída T. Bati 5678, CZ-76001 Zlín, Czech Republic
| | - Radek Marek
- CEITEC-Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5/A4, CZ-62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Straka
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, CZ-16610 Prague, Czech Republic
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23
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Giménez CA, Maldonado AF, Aucar GA. Relativistic and electron correlation effects on NMR J-coupling of Sn and Pb containing molecules. Theor Chem Acc 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s00214-016-1952-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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24
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Vícha J, Marek R, Straka M. High-Frequency 13C and 29Si NMR Chemical Shifts in Diamagnetic Low-Valence Compounds of TlI and PbII: Decisive Role of Relativistic Effects. Inorg Chem 2016; 55:1770-81. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.5b02689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Vícha
- Center of Polymer Systems, University Institute, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, Třída T. Bati, 5678, CZ-76001, Zlín, Czech Republic
| | - Radek Marek
- CEITEC - Central European Institute of
Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5/A4, CZ-62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Straka
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nam. 2, CZ-16610, Prague, Czech Republic
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25
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Flórez E, Maldonado AF, Aucar GA, David J, Restrepo A. Microsolvation of methylmercury: structures, energies, bonding and NMR constants (199Hg,13C and17O). Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:1537-50. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp04826e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Hartree–Fock (HF) and second order perturbation theory (MP2) calculations within the scalar and full relativistic frames were carried out in order to determine the equilibrium geometries and interaction energies between cationic methylmercury (CH3Hg+) and up to three water molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edison Flórez
- Instituto de Química
- Universidad de Antioquia UdeA
- Medellín
- Colombia
| | - Alejandro F. Maldonado
- Physics Department
- Natural and Exact Science Faculty
- Northeastern University of Argentina and Institute of Modelling and Innovation on Technology
- IMIT
- Corrientes
| | - Gustavo A. Aucar
- Physics Department
- Natural and Exact Science Faculty
- Northeastern University of Argentina and Institute of Modelling and Innovation on Technology
- IMIT
- Corrientes
| | - Jorge David
- Departamento de Ciencias Físicas
- Universidad EAFIT
- Medellín
- Colombia
| | - Albeiro Restrepo
- Instituto de Química
- Universidad de Antioquia UdeA
- Medellín
- Colombia
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26
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Aucar IA, Gomez SS, Giribet CG, Aucar GA. Toward an absolute NMR shielding scale using the spin-rotation tensor within a relativistic framework. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:23572-86. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp03355e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
How can one extend Flygare's rule to the relativistic framework? Three models are proposed here. The best of them shows that σ is related with the spin-rotation tensor, the atomic shielding and a new term coined as σSO-S.
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Affiliation(s)
- I. Agustín Aucar
- Instituto de Modelado e Innovación Tecnológica
- CONICET
- and Departamento de Física – Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales
- UNNE
- Corrientes
| | - Sergio S. Gomez
- Instituto de Modelado e Innovación Tecnológica
- CONICET
- and Departamento de Física – Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales
- UNNE
- Corrientes
| | - Claudia G. Giribet
- Instituto de Física de Buenos Aires
- CONICET
- and Departamento de Física – Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales
- UBA
- Buenos Aires
| | - Gustavo A. Aucar
- Instituto de Modelado e Innovación Tecnológica
- CONICET
- and Departamento de Física – Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales
- UNNE
- Corrientes
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27
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Maldonado AF, Melo JI, Aucar GA. Theoretical analysis of NMR shieldings of group-11 metal halides on MX (M = Cu, Ag, Au; X = H, F, Cl, Br, I) molecular systems, and the appearance of quasi instabilities on AuF. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:25516-24. [PMID: 26364677 DOI: 10.1039/c5cp04215a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Accurate calculations of nuclear magnetic shieldings of group-11 metal halides, σ(M; MX) (M = Cu, Ag, Au; X = H, F, Cl, Br, I), were performed with relativistic and nonrelativistic theoretical schemes in order to learn more about the importance of the involved electronic mechanisms that underlie such shieldings. We applied state of the art schemes: polarization propagators at a random phase level of approach (PP-RPA); spin-free Hamiltonian (SF); linear response elimination of small component (LRESC) and density functional theory (DFT) with two different functionals: B3LYP and PBE0. The results from DFT calculations are not close to those from the relativistic polarization propagator calculations at the RPA level of approach (RelPP-RPA), in line with previous results. The spin-orbit (SO) contribution to a shielding constant is important only for MF molecules (M = Cu, Ag, Au). Different electronic mechanisms are considered within the LRESC method, bunched into two groups: core- and ligand-dependent. For the analysed shieldings the core-dependent electronic mechanisms are the most important ones; the ligand-dependent being only important for MF molecules. An out of range value for σ(Au) is found in AuF. It was previously reported in the literature, either originated in the large fluorine electronegativity together with large spin-orbit coupling contributions; or, due to Fermi-contact contributions. We argue here that such an unexpected large value is an artifact originated in the appearance of quasi instabilities, and show how to handle this apparent problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro F Maldonado
- Institute for Modelling and Innovative Technology, IMIT (CONICET-UNNE) and Physics Department - Natural and Exact Science Faculty, Northeastern University of Argentina, Avda Libertad 5460 W3404AAS, Corrientes, Argentina
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28
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Maldonado AF, Aucar GA. Absolute value of the nuclear magnetic shielding of silicon and germanium atoms in Si/Ge(CH3)4. Chem Phys 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2015.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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29
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Vícha J, Foroutan-Nejad C, Pawlak T, Munzarová ML, Straka M, Marek R. Understanding the Electronic Factors Responsible for Ligand Spin–Orbit NMR Shielding in Transition-Metal Complexes. J Chem Theory Comput 2015; 11:1509-17. [DOI: 10.1021/ct501089z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Vícha
- CEITEC—Central
European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice
5/A4, CZ-62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Cina Foroutan-Nejad
- CEITEC—Central
European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice
5/A4, CZ-62500 Brno, Czech Republic
- National
Center for Biomolecular Research, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, CZ-62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Tomasz Pawlak
- CEITEC—Central
European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice
5/A4, CZ-62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Markéta L. Munzarová
- CEITEC—Central
European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice
5/A4, CZ-62500 Brno, Czech Republic
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice
5, CZ-62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Straka
- CEITEC—Central
European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice
5/A4, CZ-62500 Brno, Czech Republic
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the ASCR, Flemingovo nám. 2, CZ-16610, Praha, Czech Republic
| | - Radek Marek
- CEITEC—Central
European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice
5/A4, CZ-62500 Brno, Czech Republic
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice
5, CZ-62500 Brno, Czech Republic
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30
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Maldonado AF, Aucar GA. Relativistic and electron-correlation effects on the nuclear magnetic resonance shieldings of molecules containing tin and lead atoms. J Phys Chem A 2014; 118:7863-75. [PMID: 25110942 DOI: 10.1021/jp502543m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The reference values for NMR magnetic shieldings, σ(ref), are of the highest importance when theoretical analysis of chemical shifts are envisaged. The fact that the nonrelativistically valid relationship among spin-rotation constants and magnetic shieldings is not any longer valid for heavy atoms requires that the search for σ(ref) for such atoms needs new strategies to follow. We present here results of σ(ref) that were obtained by applying our own simple procedure which mixes accurate experimental chemical shifts (δ) and theoretical magnetic shieldings (σ). We calculated σ(Sn) and σ(Pb) in a family of heavy-halogen-containing molecules. We found out that σ(ref)[Sn;Sn(CH3)4] in gas phase should be close to 3864.11 ± 20.05 ppm (0.5%). For Pb atom, σ(ref)[Pb;Pb(CH3)4] should be close to 14475.1 ± 500.7 ppm. Such theoretical values correspond to calculations with the relativistic polarization propagator method, RelPPA, at the RPA level of approach. They are closer to experimental values as compared to those obtained applying few different functionals such as PBE0, B3LYP, BLYP, BP86, KT2, and KT3 of the density functional theory, DFT. We studied tin and lead shieldings of the XY(4-n)Z(n) (X = Sn, Pb; Y, Z = H, F, Cl, Br, I) and PbH(4-n)I(n) (n = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4) family of compounds with four-component functionals as implemented in the DIRAC code. For these systems results of calculations with RelPPA-RPA are more reliable than DFT ones. We argue about why those DFT functionals must be modified in order to obtain more accurate results of NMR magnetic shieldings within the relativistic regime: first, there is a dependence among both electron-correlation and relativistic effects that should be introduced in some way in the functionals; and second, the DIRAC code uses standard nonrelativistic functionals and the functionals B3LYP and PBE0 were parametrized only with data taken from light elements. It can explain why they are not able to properly introduce relativistic effects on nuclear magnetic shieldings. We finally show that in the analysis of magnetic shieldings for the family of compounds mentioned above, one must consider the newest and so-called heavy-atom effect on vicinal heavy atoms, HAVHA. Such effects are among the most important relativistic effects in these kind of compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro F Maldonado
- Physics Department, Natural and Exact Science Faculty, Northeastern University of Argentina and Institute of Modelling and Innovation on Technology, IMIT , 3400 Corrientes, Argentina
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31
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Maldonado AF, Aucar GA, Melo JI. Core-dependent and ligand-dependent relativistic corrections to the nuclear magnetic shieldings in MH4−n Y n (n = 0–4; M = Si, Ge, Sn, and Y = H, F, Cl, Br, I) model compounds. J Mol Model 2014; 20:2417. [DOI: 10.1007/s00894-014-2417-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Accepted: 08/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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32
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Aucar GA. Toward a QFT-based theory of atomic and molecular properties. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:4420-38. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cp52685b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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33
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Cheng L, Gauss J, Stanton JF. Treatment of scalar-relativistic effects on nuclear magnetic shieldings using a spin-free exact-two-component approach. J Chem Phys 2013; 139:054105. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4816130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
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34
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The Douglas–Kroll–Hess method based on vector-potential-including Foldy–Wouthuysen transformation: Application to NMR shielding tensor. Chem Phys Lett 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2013.06.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Jaszuński
- a Institute of Organic Chemistry , Polish Academy of Sciences , Warszawa , 01-224 , Kasprzaka 44, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Olejniczak
- b Faculty of Chemistry , University of Warsaw , Pasteura 1, Laboratoire de Chimie et Physique Quantiques (UMR 5626), CNRS and Université de Toulouse 3 (Paul Sabatier), 118 Route de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse, France, Warsaw , 02-093 , Poland
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36
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Vaara J, Hanni M, Jokisaari J. Nuclear spin-spin coupling in a van der Waals-bonded system: Xenon dimer. J Chem Phys 2013; 138:104313. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4793745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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37
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Yoshizawa T, Sakaki S. NMR shielding constants of CuX, AgX, and AuX (X = F, Cl, Br, and I) investigated by density functional theory based on the Douglas-Kroll-Hess Hamiltonian. J Comput Chem 2013; 34:1013-23. [DOI: 10.1002/jcc.23224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2012] [Revised: 12/11/2012] [Accepted: 12/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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38
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Melo JI, Maldonado AF, Aucar GA. Relativistic effects on nuclear magnetic shieldings of CHnX4−n and CHXYZ (X, Y, Z = H, F, Cl, Br, I). J Chem Phys 2012; 137:214319. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4768470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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39
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Maldonado AF, Giménez CA, Aucar GA. Nuclear charge-distribution effects on the NMR spectroscopy parameters. J Chem Phys 2012; 136:224110. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4729253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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40
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NMR espectroscopic parameters of HX and Si(Sn)X4 (X=H, F, Cl, Br and I) and SnBr4−nIn model compounds. Chem Phys 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2011.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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41
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42
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Arcisauskaite V, Knecht S, Sauer SPA, Hemmingsen L. Fully relativistic coupled cluster and DFT study of electric field gradients at Hg in 199Hg compounds. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2012; 14:2651-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cp23080a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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43
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Lantto P, Standara S, Riedel S, Vaara J, Straka M. Exploring new 129Xe chemical shift ranges in HXeY compounds: hydrogen more relativistic than xenon. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2012; 14:10944-52. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cp41240c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Lantto P, Jackowski K, Makulski W, Olejniczak M, Jaszuński M. NMR Shielding Constants in PH3, Absolute Shielding Scale, and the Nuclear Magnetic Moment of 31P. J Phys Chem A 2011; 115:10617-23. [DOI: 10.1021/jp2052739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Perttu Lantto
- Department of Physics, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 3000, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Karol Jackowski
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | | | | | - Michał Jaszuński
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
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Arcisauskaite V, Melo JI, Hemmingsen L, Sauer SPA. Nuclear magnetic resonance shielding constants and chemical shifts in linear 199Hg compounds: A comparison of three relativistic computational methods. J Chem Phys 2011; 135:044306. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3608153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Gómez SS, Aucar GA. Relativistic effects on the nuclear magnetic resonance shielding of FX (X = F, Cl, Br, I, and At) molecular systems. J Chem Phys 2011; 134:204314. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3587051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
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Melo JI, Maldonado A, Aucar GA. Relativistic effects on the shielding of SnH2XY and PbH2XY (X, Y = F, Cl, Br and I) heavy atom–containing molecules. Theor Chem Acc 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s00214-010-0886-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Roukala J, Maldonado AF, Vaara J, Aucar GA, Lantto P. Relativistic effects on group-12 metal nuclear shieldings. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2011; 13:21016-25. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cp22043h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Hamaya S, Fukui H. Dirac–Hartree–Fock Perturbation Calculation of Magnetic Shielding Using the External Field-Dependent Restricted Magnetic Balance Condition. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2010. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20100028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Cheng L, Xiao Y, Liu W. Four-component relativistic theory for nuclear magnetic shielding: magnetically balanced gauge-including atomic orbitals. J Chem Phys 2010; 131:244113. [PMID: 20059060 DOI: 10.1063/1.3283036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
It is recognized only recently that the incorporation of the magnetic balance condition is absolutely essential for four-component relativistic theories of magnetic properties. Another important issue to be handled is the so-called gauge problem in calculations of, e.g., molecular magnetic shielding tensors with finite bases. It is shown here that the magnetic balance can be adapted to distributed gauge origins, leading to, e.g., magnetically balanced gauge-including atomic orbitals (MB-GIAOs) in which each magnetically balanced atomic orbital has its own local gauge origin placed on its center. Such a MB-GIAO scheme can be combined with any level of theory for electron correlation. The first implementation is done here at the coupled-perturbed Dirac-Kohn-Sham level. The calculated molecular magnetic shielding tensors are not only independent of the choice of gauge origin but also converge rapidly to the basis set limit. Close inspections reveal that (zeroth order) negative energy states are only important for the expansion of first order electronic core orbitals. Their contributions to the paramagnetism are therefore transferable from atoms to molecule and are essentially canceled out for chemical shifts. This allows for simplifications of the coupled-perturbed equations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Cheng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, State College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, and Center for Computational Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
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