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Tian Y, Xu W, Cong W, Bi X, He J, Song Z, Guan H, Huang C, Wang X. Research progress on the catalytic and thermal decomposition of ammonium dinitramide (ADN). RSC Adv 2024; 14:3636-3646. [PMID: 38268549 PMCID: PMC10804229 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra08053f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Ammonium dinitramide (NH4N(NO3)2, ADN) is regarded as a promising oxidizer due to its low signature and high specific impulse. Generally, ADN undergoes exothermic decomposition above 140 °C accompanied by the byproduct of ammonium nitrate (AN). The inevitable endothermic decomposition of AN decreases the overall heat release, and so there is a need to develop efficient catalysts to guide ADN decomposition along desired pathways with a lower decomposition temperature and higher heat release. A suitable catalyst should be able to withstand the harsh conditions in a thruster to achieve a stable thrust force, which poses a huge obstacle for manufacturing a stable and active catalyst. This review gives a comprehensive summary of the thermal and catalytic decomposition pathways of ADN for the first time, which is expected to deepen the understanding of its reaction mechanism and provide useful guidance for designing prospective catalysts toward efficient ADN decomposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yubo Tian
- School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450001 P. R. China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Applied Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Dalian 116023 P. R. China
| | - Weibin Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Applied Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Dalian 116023 P. R. China
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Weimin Cong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Applied Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Dalian 116023 P. R. China
| | - Xueqian Bi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Applied Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Dalian 116023 P. R. China
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University Dalian 116026 P. R. China
| | - Jiahui He
- CAS Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Applied Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Dalian 116023 P. R. China
- School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University Xi'an 710069 P. R. China
| | - Zhe Song
- CAS Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Applied Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Dalian 116023 P. R. China
- School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University Xi'an 710069 P. R. China
| | - Hongling Guan
- School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450001 P. R. China
| | - Chuande Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Applied Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Dalian 116023 P. R. China
| | - Xiaodong Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Applied Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Dalian 116023 P. R. China
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Lang J, Bohn MA. Decomposition Pathways of Ammonium Dinitramide (ADN) and its HNO
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‐Clusters Elucidated by DFT‐Calculations. PROPELLANTS EXPLOSIVES PYROTECHNICS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/prep.202000165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Lang
- Fraunhofer-Institut für Chemische Technologie (ICT) Joseph-von-Fraunhofer-Straße 7 76327 Pfinztal, Germany
| | - Manfred A. Bohn
- Fraunhofer-Institut für Chemische Technologie (ICT) Joseph-von-Fraunhofer-Straße 7 76327 Pfinztal, Germany
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Wang Z, Zhang TL, Li MJ, Xu Q, Wang R, Roy S, Yu X, Jin L. Computational study of the decomposition mechanisms of ammonium dinitramide in the gas phase. Mol Phys 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2018.1453093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyin Wang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Catalysis, School of Chemical and Environmental Sciences, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Tian-Lei Zhang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Catalysis, School of Chemical and Environmental Sciences, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Ming-Jing Li
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Catalysis, School of Chemical and Environmental Sciences, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Qiong Xu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Catalysis, School of Chemical and Environmental Sciences, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Rui Wang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Catalysis, School of Chemical and Environmental Sciences, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Soumendra Roy
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Catalysis, School of Chemical and Environmental Sciences, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohu Yu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Catalysis, School of Chemical and Environmental Sciences, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Lingxia Jin
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Catalysis, School of Chemical and Environmental Sciences, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, Shaanxi, P.R. China
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Wang R, Jia ZL, An YM, Zhang TL, Wang ZY, Roy S. Catalytic effect of water, water dimer, water trimer, HCOOH, H2SO4, CH3CH2COOH and HN(NO2)2 on the isomerisation of HN(NO2)2 to O2NNN(O)OH: a mechanism study. Mol Phys 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2017.1301589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Catalysis, School of Chemical and Environment Science, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Zi-long Jia
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Catalysis, School of Chemical and Environment Science, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Yi-ming An
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Catalysis, School of Chemical and Environment Science, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Tian-lei Zhang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Catalysis, School of Chemical and Environment Science, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-yin Wang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Catalysis, School of Chemical and Environment Science, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Soumendra Roy
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Catalysis, School of Chemical and Environment Science, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, Shaanxi, P.R. China
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Rahm M, Dvinskikh SV, Furó I, Brinck T. Experimental detection of trinitramide, N(NO2)3. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010; 50:1145-8. [PMID: 21268214 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201007047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2010] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Rahm
- Physical Chemistry, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden.
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Rahm M, Dvinskikh SV, Furó I, Brinck T. Experimental Detection of Trinitramide, N(NO2)3. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201007047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Rahm M, Brinck T. Kinetic stability and propellant performance of green energetic materials. Chemistry 2010; 16:6590-600. [PMID: 20432420 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201000413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A thorough theoretical investigation of four promising green energetic materials is presented. The kinetic stability of the dinitramide, trinitrogen dioxide, pentazole, and oxopentazole anions has been evaluated in the gas phase and in solution by using high-level ab initio and DFT calculations. Theoretical UV spectra, solid-state heats of formation, density, as well as propellant performance for the corresponding ammonium salts are reported. All calculated properties for dinitramide are in excellent agreement with experimental data. The stability of the trinitrogen dioxide anion is deemed sufficient to enable synthesis at low temperature, with a barrier for decomposition of approximately 27.5 kcal mol(-1) in solution. Oxopentazolate is expected to be approximately 1200 times more stable than pentazolate in solution, with a barrier exceeding 30 kcal mol(-1), which should enable handling at room temperature. All compounds are predicted to provide high specific impulses when combined with aluminum fuel and a polymeric binder, and rival or surpass the performance of a corresponding ammonium perchlorate based propellant. The investigated substances are also excellent monopropellant candidates. Further study and attempted synthesis of these materials is merited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Rahm
- Physical Chemistry, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), 10044 Stockholm, Sweden
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Rahm M, Brinck T. On the Anomalous Decomposition and Reactivity of Ammonium and Potassium Dinitramide. J Phys Chem A 2010; 114:2845-54. [DOI: 10.1021/jp911277r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Rahm
- Competence Centre for Energetic Materials (KCEM), Gammelbackavägen 6, S-69151 Karlskoga, Sweden, and Physical Chemistry, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), Teknikringen 30, S-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tore Brinck
- Competence Centre for Energetic Materials (KCEM), Gammelbackavägen 6, S-69151 Karlskoga, Sweden, and Physical Chemistry, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), Teknikringen 30, S-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
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