1
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Li Q, Zhao Z, Chen F, Xu X, Xu L, Cheng L, Adeli M, Luo X, Cheng C. Delocalization Engineering of Heme-Mimetic Artificial Enzymes for Augmented Reactive Oxygen Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202400838. [PMID: 38372011 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202400838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Developing artificial enzymes based on organic molecules or polymers for reactive oxygen species (ROS)-related catalysis has broad applicability. Herein, inspired by porphyrin-based heme mimics, we report the synthesis of polyphthalocyanine-based conjugated polymers (Fe-PPc-AE) as a new porphyrin-evolving structure to serve as efficient and versatile artificial enzymes for augmented reactive oxygen catalysis. Owing to the structural advantages, such as enhanced π-conjugation networks and π-electron delocalization, promoted electron transfer, and unique Fe-N coordination centers, Fe-PPc-AE showed more efficient ROS-production activity in terms of Vmax and turnover numbers as compared with porphyrin-based conjugated polymers (Fe-PPor-AE), which also surpassed reported state-of-the-art artificial enzymes in their activity. More interestingly, by changing the reaction medium and substrates, Fe-PPc-AE also revealed significantly improved activity and environmental adaptivity in many other ROS-related biocatalytic processes, validating the potential of Fe-PPc-AE to replace conventional (poly)porphyrin-based heme mimics for ROS-related catalysis, biosensors, or biotherapeutics. It is suggested that this study will offer essential guidance for designing artificial enzymes based on organic molecules or polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Li
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Zhenyang Zhao
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Fan Chen
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Xiaohui Xu
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Lizhi Xu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Liang Cheng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Mohsen Adeli
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universitat Berlin, Takustr. 3, 14195, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, 68137-17133, Iran
| | - Xianglin Luo
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Chong Cheng
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
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2
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Ottenbacher RV, Bryliakova AA, Kurganskii VI, Prikhodchenko PV, Medvedev AG, Bryliakov KP. Bioinspired Non-Heme Mn Catalysts for Regio- and Stereoselective Oxyfunctionalizations with H 2 O 2. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202302772. [PMID: 37642264 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, metalloenzymes-mediated highly selective oxidations of organic substrates under mild conditions have been inspiration for developing synthetic bioinspired catalyst systems, capable of conducting such processes in the laboratory (and, in the future, in industry), relying on easy-to-handle and environmentally benign oxidants such as H2 O2 . To date, non-heme manganese complexes with chiral bis-amino-bis-pyridylmethyl and structurally related ligands are considered as possessing the highest synthetic potential, having demonstrated the ability to mediate a variety of chemo- and stereoselective oxidative transformations, such as epoxidations, C(sp3 )-H hydroxylations and ketonizations, oxidative desymmetrizations, kinetic resolutions, etc. Furthermore, in the past few years non-heme Mn based catalysts have become the major platform for studies focused on getting insight into the molecular mechanisms of oxidant activation and (stereo)selective oxygen transfer, testing non-traditional hydroperoxide oxidants, engineering catalytic sites with enzyme-like substrate recognition-based selectivity, exploration of catalytic regioselectivity trends in the oxidation of biologically active substrates of natural origin. This contribution summarizes the progress in manganese catalyzed C-H oxygenative transformations of organic substrates, achieved essentially in the past 5 years (late 2018-2023).
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman V Ottenbacher
- Boreskov Institute of Catalysis, Pr. Lavrentieva 5, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russian Federation
| | - Anna A Bryliakova
- Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova 2, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russian Federation
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry RAS, Leninsky Pr. 47, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Vladimir I Kurganskii
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry RAS, Leninsky Pr. 47, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Petr V Prikhodchenko
- Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander G Medvedev
- Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Konstantin P Bryliakov
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry RAS, Leninsky Pr. 47, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation
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3
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Skipworth T, Klaine S, Zhang R. Photochemical generation and reactivity of a new phthalocyanine-manganese-oxo intermediate. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:6540-6543. [PMID: 37161771 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc01275a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The first phthalocyanine-manganese-oxo intermediate was successfully generated by visible-light photolysis of chlorate or nitrite manganese(III) precursors, and its reactivity towards organic substrates was kinetically probed and compared with other related porphyrin-metal-oxo intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tristan Skipworth
- Department of Chemistry, Western Kentucky University, 1906 College Heights Blvd., Bowling Green, Kentucky, USA.
| | - Seth Klaine
- Department of Chemistry, Western Kentucky University, 1906 College Heights Blvd., Bowling Green, Kentucky, USA.
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Western Kentucky University, 1906 College Heights Blvd., Bowling Green, Kentucky, USA.
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4
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Lubov DP, Shashkov MV, Nefedov AA, Bryliakov KP. A Predictably Selective Palladium-Catalyzed Aliphatic C-H Oxygenation. Org Lett 2023; 25:1359-1363. [PMID: 36825896 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c04371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Direct oxygenation of nonactivated aliphatic C(sp3)-H groups with peroxycarboxylic acids in the presence of palladium tris(pyridylmethyl)amine complex (0.6 mol %) is reported, providing the corresponding hydroxylated derivatives in up to 94% yields. The oxidation of 3° C-H groups occurs stereospecifically, with the catalyst system demonstrating extremely high sensitivity to electronic effects (adamantane oxidation: 3°:2° up to >300). This suggests potential applications for the 3°-regioselective oxidative functionalization of complex molecules of natural origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry P Lubov
- Boreskov Institute of Catalysis, Pr. Lavrentieva 5, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation.,Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova 1, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Mikhail V Shashkov
- Boreskov Institute of Catalysis, Pr. Lavrentieva 5, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation
| | - Andrey A Nefedov
- Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova 1, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia.,Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Pr. Lavrentieva 9, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Konstantin P Bryliakov
- Boreskov Institute of Catalysis, Pr. Lavrentieva 5, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation.,Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova 1, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
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5
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Direct Regio- and Stereoselective Mono- and Polyoxyfunctionalization of Estrone Derivatives at C(sp3)-H Bonds. J Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2022.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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6
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Soler J, Gergel S, Klaus C, Hammer SC, Garcia-Borràs M. Enzymatic Control over Reactive Intermediates Enables Direct Oxidation of Alkenes to Carbonyls by a P450 Iron-Oxo Species. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:15954-15968. [PMID: 35998887 PMCID: PMC9460782 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c02567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
![]()
The aerobic oxidation of alkenes to carbonyls is an important
and
challenging transformation in synthesis. Recently, a new P450-based
enzyme (aMOx) has been evolved in the laboratory to directly oxidize
styrenes to their corresponding aldehydes with high activity and selectivity.
The enzyme utilizes a heme-based, high-valent iron-oxo species as
a catalytic oxidant that normally epoxidizes alkenes, similar to other
catalysts. How the evolved aMOx enzyme suppresses the commonly preferred
epoxidation and catalyzes direct carbonyl formation is currently not
well understood. Here, we combine computational modelling together
with mechanistic experiments to study the reaction mechanism and unravel
the molecular basis behind the selectivity achieved by aMOx. Our results
describe that although both pathways are energetically accessible
diverging from a common covalent radical intermediate, intrinsic dynamic effects determine the strong preference for epoxidation.
We discovered that aMOx overrides these intrinsic preferences by controlling
the accessible conformations of the covalent radical intermediate.
This disfavors epoxidation and facilitates the formation of a carbocation
intermediate that generates the aldehyde product through a fast 1,2-hydride
migration. Electrostatic preorganization of the enzyme active site
also contributes to the stabilization of the carbocation intermediate.
Computations predicted that the hydride migration is stereoselective
due to the enzymatic conformational control over the intermediate
species. These predictions were corroborated by experiments using
deuterated styrene substrates, which proved that the hydride migration
is cis- and enantioselective. Our results demonstrate
that directed evolution tailored a highly specific active site that
imposes strong steric control over key fleeting biocatalytic intermediates,
which is essential for accessing the carbonyl forming pathway and
preventing competing epoxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Soler
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC) and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, Carrer Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69, Girona 17003, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Sebastian Gergel
- Chair of Organic Chemistry and Biocatalysis, Faculty of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Cindy Klaus
- Chair of Organic Chemistry and Biocatalysis, Faculty of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Stephan C Hammer
- Chair of Organic Chemistry and Biocatalysis, Faculty of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Marc Garcia-Borràs
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC) and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, Carrer Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69, Girona 17003, Catalonia, Spain
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7
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Nishijo M, Mori S, Nishimura T, Shinokubo H, Miyake Y. Stepwise N-Methylation of Ruthenium and Cobalt 5,15-Diazaporphyrins: Post-Functionalization of Porphyrinoid Catalysts. Chem Asian J 2022; 17:e202200305. [PMID: 35513348 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202200305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Post-functionalization of porphyrinoid catalysts provides a powerful tool for fine-tuning their electronic structure. We have succeeded in the stepwise methylation of the peripheral nitrogen atoms in ruthenium and cobalt 5,15-diazaporphyrins. The axial coordination of an anion to the metal center accelerates the second methylation through charge neutralization. N-Methylation of the diazaporphyrin complexes effectively controls their electron deficiency, Lewis acidity, and catalytic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayu Nishijo
- Nagoya University: Nagoya Daigaku, Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, JAPAN
| | - Shiho Mori
- Nagoya University: Nagoya Daigaku, Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, JAPAN
| | - Tsubasa Nishimura
- Nagoya University: Nagoya Daigaku, Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, JAPAN
| | - Hiroshi Shinokubo
- Nagoya University: Nagoya Daigaku, Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, JAPAN
| | - Yoshihiro Miyake
- Nagoya University, Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Furo-cho, 464-8603, Nagoya, JAPAN
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8
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Guan H, Tung CH, Liu L. Methane Monooxygenase Mimic Asymmetric Oxidation: Self-Assembling μ-Hydroxo, Carboxylate-Bridged Diiron(III)-Catalyzed Enantioselective Dehydrogenation. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:5976-5984. [PMID: 35324200 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c00638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Mimicking naturally occurring metalloenzymes to enrich the diversity of catalytic asymmetric oxidation reactions is a long-standing goal for modern chemistry. Toward this end, a range of methane monooxygenase (MMO) mimic chiral carboxylate-bridged (μ-hydroxo) diiron(III) dimer complexes using salan as basal ligand and sodium aryl carboxylate as additive have been designed and synthesized. The chiral diiron complexes exhibit efficient catalytic reactivity in dehydrogenative kinetic resolution of indolines using environmentally benign hydrogen peroxide as oxidant. In particular, complex C9 bearing sterically encumbered salan ligands and a 2-naphthoate bridge is identified as the optimal catalyst in terms of chiral recognition. Further investigation reveals that this MMO mimic chiral catalyst can be readily generated by self-assembly under the dehydrogenation conditions. The self-assembling catalytic system is applicable to a series of indolines with multiple stereocenters and diverse substituent patterns in high efficiency with a high level of chiral recognition (selectivity factor up to 153). Late-stage dehydrogenative kinetic resolution of bioactive molecules is further examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honghao Guan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Chen-Ho Tung
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Lei Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
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9
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Mohammed TP, Sankaralingam M. Reactivities of high valent manganese-oxo porphyrins in aqueous medium. Tetrahedron 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2021.132483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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10
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VOx-MoOy single molecular layer modified graphic carbon nitride polymer for enhanced selective styrene oxidation. J IND ENG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2021.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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11
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A Comparative Analysis of Vanadyl Porphyrins Isolated from Resins of Heavy Oils with High and Low Vanadium Content. Processes (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9122235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The composition of purified vanadyl porphyrins recovered from the resins of heavy oils possessing high and low vanadium contents was investigated. Vanadium content in the resins of the heavy oils under study differs by a factor of ca. 15. To recover and purify vanadyl porphyrins from the resins, extraction by N,N–dimethylformamide (DMF) with subsequent two-stage column chromatography on silica gel and sulfocationite were employed. The change of structural-group composition and content of vanadyl porphyrins in the products obtained at each stage was evaluated using Fourier IR and UV-Vis spectroscopy. Analysis of the purified vanadyl porphyrins using MALDI mass spectrometry determined distribution of their most abundant types (etio- and DPEP) and identified C27–C39 homologs for the resins possessing high vanadium content and C28–C39 homologs for the resins with low vanadium content.
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12
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Complexes of Transition Metals with Petroleum Porphyrin Ligands: Preparation and Evaluation of Catalytic Ability. Catalysts 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/catal11121506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present work, the first data on the catalytic activity of d-metal complexes of petroleum porphyrins obtained via two-stage re-metallization (acid demetallization with subsequent metalation) of high-purity petroleum vanadyl porphyrins are presented. During acid demetallization of petroleum vanadyl porphyrins, the highest yield (49%) and spectral purity of free petroporphyrin bases were achieved with concentrated sulfuric acid and a diluted solution of vanadyl porphyrins in chloroform. In the series of divalent cations of Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, and Zn, only the last four metals are complexed with demetallated petroporphyrins without significant changes in their component composition, whereas the interaction with Mn and Fe cations causes an evident structural transformation or even full degradation of petroporphyrin macrocycles, respectively. The composition and spectral purity of petroleum porphyrin-containing reactants and products were analyzed by FT-IR, UV-Vis, NMR, and MALDI-TOF mass spectroscopic methods. The obtained petroporphyrin-based d-metal complexes were assayed by the reaction of 2-mercaptoethanol oxidative dimerization, in which the copper porphyrins exhibited the highest catalytic activity.
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13
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Vo NT, Herrero C, Guillot R, Inceoglu T, Leibl W, Clémancey M, Dubourdeaux P, Blondin G, Aukauloo A, Sircoglou M. Intercepting a transient non-hemic pyridine N-oxide Fe(III) species involved in OAT reactions. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:12836-12839. [PMID: 34787138 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc04521k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In the context of bioinspired OAT catalysis, we developed a tetradentate dipyrrinpyridine ligand, a hybrid of hemic and non-hemic models. The catalytic activity of the iron(III) derivative was investigated in the presence of iodosylbenzene. Unexpectedly, MS, EPR, Mössbauer, UV-visible and FTIR spectroscopic signatures supported by DFT calculations provide convincing evidence for the involvement of a relevant FeIII-O-NPy active intermediate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nhat Tam Vo
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut de chimie moléculaire et des matériaux d'Orsay, 91405, Orsay, France.
| | - Christian Herrero
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut de chimie moléculaire et des matériaux d'Orsay, 91405, Orsay, France.
| | - Régis Guillot
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut de chimie moléculaire et des matériaux d'Orsay, 91405, Orsay, France.
| | - Tanya Inceoglu
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut de chimie moléculaire et des matériaux d'Orsay, 91405, Orsay, France.
| | - Winfried Leibl
- Institute for integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS Université Paris-Saclay, 1, UMR 9198, 9119, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Martin Clémancey
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Biologie des Métaux, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, IRIG, 17 rue des Martyrs, Grenoble F-38000, France
| | - Patrick Dubourdeaux
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Biologie des Métaux, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, IRIG, 17 rue des Martyrs, Grenoble F-38000, France
| | - Geneviève Blondin
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Biologie des Métaux, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, IRIG, 17 rue des Martyrs, Grenoble F-38000, France
| | - Ally Aukauloo
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut de chimie moléculaire et des matériaux d'Orsay, 91405, Orsay, France. .,Institute for integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS Université Paris-Saclay, 1, UMR 9198, 9119, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Marie Sircoglou
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut de chimie moléculaire et des matériaux d'Orsay, 91405, Orsay, France.
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14
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Costas M. Site and Enantioselective Aliphatic C-H Oxidation with Bioinspired Chiral Complexes. CHEM REC 2021; 21:4000-4014. [PMID: 34609780 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202100227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Selective oxidation of aliphatic C-H bonds stands as an unsolved problem in organic synthesis, with the potential to offer novel paths for preparing molecules of biological interest. The quest for reagents that can perform this class of reactions finds oxygenases and their mechanisms of action as inspiration motifs. Among the numerous families of synthetic catalysts that have been explored, complexes with linear tetraazadentate ligands combining two aliphatic amines and two aromatic amine heterocycles display a structural versatility proven instrumental in the design of C-H oxidation reactions showing site and enantioselectivities, not accessible by conventional oxidants. This manuscript makes a review of recent advances in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miquel Costas
- Department of Chemistry and Institut de Química Computacional I Catàlisi (IQCC), Universitat de Girona Facultat de Ciències, Campus de Montilivi, 17003, Girona, Spain
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15
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Abstract
Abstract
Various (metallo)porphyrins and related compounds have been intensively investigated by different research groups due to their extremely important role in living organisms along with their versatile applications in technology. The design of novel porphyrinoids by core-modification, or substitution of pyrrole nitrogens, with the elements of other groups of the Periodic Table has been considered as a highly promising methodology for tuning structures and properties of porphyrinoids and thus opening new possible applications for them. Much effort has been given to the modifications of the porphyrin core with elements of the main groups, namely O, S, Se (chalcogens), and the heavier congener of nitrogen, phosphorus. In general, the porphyrin core modification by replacing nitrogens with heteroatoms is a promising and effective strategy for obtaining new compounds with unusual structures and properties (optical, electrochemical, coordinating, etc.) as well as reactivity. These novel molecules can also be employed as promising building or construction blocks in various applications in the nanotechnology area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksey E. Kuznetsov
- Departamento de Química , Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María , Av. Santa María 6400 , Vitacura , Santiago 7660251 , Chile
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16
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Milordov DV, Mironov NA, Abilova GR, Tazeeva EG, Yakubova SG, Yakubov MR. Obtaining Pure Vanadyl Porphyrins from Heavy Oil Residues to Form Bases of Catalysts for Different Processes. CATALYSIS IN INDUSTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s2070050421020082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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17
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Nishimura T, Sakurai T, Shinokubo H, Miyake Y. Iron hexamesityl-5,15-diazaporphyrin: synthesis, structure and catalytic use for direct oxidation of sp 3 C-H bonds. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:6343-6348. [PMID: 33885703 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt00893e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Iron hexamesityl-5,15-diazaporphyrin was synthesized through the cross-coupling reaction of tetrabromodiazaporphyrin. The use of chloroiron(iii) hexamesityl-5,15-diazaporphyrin as a catalyst for oxidation of cyclooctane showed high performance with a total TON up to 731. The introduction of bulky mesityl groups at β-positions prevented the catalyst deactivation via formation of a μ-oxo dimer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsubasa Nishimura
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan.
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18
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Wang G, Lu R, He C, Liu L. Kinetic resolution of indolines by asymmetric hydroxylamine formation. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2512. [PMID: 33947847 PMCID: PMC8096955 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22658-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Catalytic kinetic resolution of amines represents a longstanding challenge in chemical synthesis. Here, we described a kinetic resolution of secondary amines through oxygenation to produce enantiopure hydroxylamines involving N–O bond formation. The economic and practical titanium-catalyzed asymmetric oxygenation with environmentally benign hydrogen peroxide as oxidant is applicable to a range of racemic indolines with multiple stereocenters and diverse substituent patterns in high efficiency with efficient chemoselectivity and enantio-discrimination. Late-stage asymmetric oxygenation of bioactive molecules that are otherwise difficult to synthesize was also explored. Catalytic kinetic resolution of amines is a longstanding challenge in chemical synthesis. Here, the authors report on titanium‐catalysed asymmetric oxygenation with hydrogen peroxide for kinetic resolution of secondary amines through oxygenation to produce enantiopure hydroxylamines involving N–O bond formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Ran Lu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | | | - Lei Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, China. .,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jinan, China.
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19
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Maulbetsch T, Kunz D. Carbenaporphyrins: No Longer Missing Ligands in N-Heterocyclic Carbene Chemistry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:2007-2012. [PMID: 33078891 PMCID: PMC7898644 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202013434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of an NHC-containing porphyrinoid ligand is presented. The formally antiaromatic 20 πe- macrocyclic framework can be obtained via a 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition ("click-reaction") to form two triazole moieties which were alkylated to the respective triazolium macrocycle. Deprotonation of the ligand precursor with lithium bases to the respective dilithio carbenaporphyrin complex and transmetallation to scandium lead to complexes that exhibit orange fluorescence. Optical property combined with TD-DFT studies verify an aromatic character for each heterocyclic moiety rather than an antiaromatic macrocycle in the ligand precursor as well as in the complexes. While the geometric features of the carbenaporphyrin ligand strongly resemble those of porphyrin, DFT calculations reveal a stronger electron-donating ability of the new ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theo Maulbetsch
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieEberhard Karls Universität TübingenAuf der Morgenstelle 1872076TübingenGermany
| | - Doris Kunz
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieEberhard Karls Universität TübingenAuf der Morgenstelle 1872076TübingenGermany
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20
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Maulbetsch T, Kunz D. Carbenaporphyrine: eine Lücke in der Chemie N‐heterocyclischer Carbene schließt sich. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202013434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Theo Maulbetsch
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen Auf der Morgenstelle 18 72076 Tübingen Deutschland
| | - Doris Kunz
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen Auf der Morgenstelle 18 72076 Tübingen Deutschland
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21
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Sun S, Ma Y, Liu Z, Liu L. Oxidative Kinetic Resolution of Cyclic Benzylic Ethers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202009594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shutao Sun
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Shandong University Jinan 250100 P. R. China
- School of School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shandong University Jinan 250100 P. R. China
| | - Yingang Ma
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Shandong University Jinan 250100 P. R. China
| | - Ziqiang Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Shandong University Jinan 250100 P. R. China
| | - Lei Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Shandong University Jinan 250100 P. R. China
- School of School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shandong University Jinan 250100 P. R. China
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22
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Malone J, Klaine S, Alcantar C, Bratcher F, Zhang R. Synthesis of a light-harvesting ruthenium porphyrin complex substituted with BODIPY units. Implications for visible light-promoted catalytic oxidations. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj00189b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
A light-harvesting BODIPY–porphyrin ruthenium(ii) carbonyl complex has been synthesized and studied, exhibiting a remarkable light accelerating effect on catalytic oxidations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Malone
- Department of Chemistry
- Western Kentucky University
- Bowling Green
- USA
| | - Seth Klaine
- Department of Chemistry
- Western Kentucky University
- Bowling Green
- USA
| | | | - Fox Bratcher
- Department of Chemistry
- Western Kentucky University
- Bowling Green
- USA
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Chemistry
- Western Kentucky University
- Bowling Green
- USA
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23
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Nishimura T, Ikeue T, Shoji O, Shinokubo H, Miyake Y. Iron(III) 5,15-Diazaporphyrin Catalysts for the Direct Oxidation of C(sp 3)-H Bonds. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:15751-15756. [PMID: 33131277 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c02166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
5,15-Diazaporphyrins are porphyrin analogues with imine-type sp2-hybridized nitrogen atoms at the meso-positions. Even though these compounds are more electron-deficient than regular porphyrins, the use of iron diazaporphyrins as catalysts has not been reported. Herein, we disclose the synthesis, structure, and electronic properties of iron(III) 5,15-diazaporphyrins. We evaluate their structures and electronic natures by X-ray analysis and electrochemical analyses. We also demonstrate that chloroiron(III) 5,15-diazaporphyrins exhibit high catalytic activity in the direct oxidation of alkanes due to their intrinsic electron-deficient nature. On the basis of stoichiometric reactions of iron(III) diazaporphyrin with iodosylbenzene as an oxidant, it was possible to demonstrate the existence of an iodosylbenzene-iron diazaporphyrin adduct reaction intermediate that serves as a reservoir to generate oxo-iron species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsubasa Nishimura
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Takahisa Ikeue
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu, Matsue 690-8540, Japan
| | - Osami Shoji
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Shinokubo
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Miyake
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
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24
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Sun S, Ma Y, Liu Z, Liu L. Oxidative Kinetic Resolution of Cyclic Benzylic Ethers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 60:176-180. [PMID: 33112503 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202009594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
A manganese-catalyzed oxidative kinetic resolution of cyclic benzylic ethers through asymmetric C(sp3 )-H oxidation is reported. The practical approach is applicable to a wide range of 1,3-dihydroisobenzofurans bearing diverse functional groups and substituent patterns at the α position with extremely efficient enantiodiscrimination. The generality of the strategy was further demonstrated by efficient oxidative kinetic resolution of another type of five-membered cyclic benzylic ether, 2,3-dihydrobenzofurans, and six-membered 6H-benzo[c]chromenes. Direct late-stage oxidative kinetic resolution of bioactive molecules that are otherwise difficult to access was further explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shutao Sun
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, P. R. China.,School of School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Yingang Ma
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Ziqiang Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Lei Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, P. R. China.,School of School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, P. R. China
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25
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Sahoo S, Sangeetha M, Bera S, Usharani D, Rath H. Targeted synthesis of meso-aryl substituted aromatic trans-doubly N-confused dithia/diselena [18] porphyrins (1.1.1.1) with NIR absorption: spectroscopic and theoretical characterization. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:6058-6062. [PMID: 32716019 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob01243b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
High yield synthesis and spectroscopic isolation of two hitherto unknown highly stable single conformers of meso-aryl substituted dithia/diselena trans-doubly N-confused porphyrins with fully π-conjugated [18] annulene structures are reported. In-depth solution state spectroscopic measurements and DFT level theoretical calculations strongly show the distinct aromaticity with strong NIR absorption of these new macrocycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Sahoo
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A/2B Raja S.C Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, West Bengal 700 032, India.
| | - Mohandas Sangeetha
- Department of Food Safety and Analytical Quality Control Laboratory, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru 700020, Karnataka, India.
| | - Soumita Bera
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A/2B Raja S.C Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, West Bengal 700 032, India.
| | - Dandamudi Usharani
- Department of Food Safety and Analytical Quality Control Laboratory, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru 700020, Karnataka, India. and Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (ACSIR), CSIR-HRDC, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Harapriya Rath
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A/2B Raja S.C Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, West Bengal 700 032, India.
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26
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Edwards EH, Bren KL. Light-driven catalysis with engineered enzymes and biomimetic systems. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2020; 67:463-483. [PMID: 32588914 DOI: 10.1002/bab.1976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Efforts to drive catalytic reactions with light, inspired by natural processes like photosynthesis, have a long history and have seen significant recent growth. Successfully engineering systems using biomolecular and bioinspired catalysts to carry out light-driven chemical reactions capitalizes on advantages offered from the fields of biocatalysis and photocatalysis. In particular, driving reactions under mild conditions and in water, in which enzymes are operative, using sunlight as a renewable energy source yield environmentally friendly systems. Furthermore, using enzymes and bioinspired systems can take advantage of the high efficiency and specificity of biocatalysts. There are many challenges to overcome to fully capitalize on the potential of light-driven biocatalysis. In this mini-review, we discuss examples of enzymes and engineered biomolecular catalysts that are activated via electron transfer from a photosensitizer in a photocatalytic system. We place an emphasis on selected forefront chemical reactions of high interest, including CH oxidation, proton reduction, water oxidation, CO2 reduction, and N2 reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily H Edwards
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Kara L Bren
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
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27
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Petsi M, Zografos AL. 2,5-Diketopiperazine Catalysts as Activators of Dioxygen in Oxidative Processes. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c01847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marina Petsi
- Department of Chemistry, Main University Campus, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
| | - Alexandros L. Zografos
- Department of Chemistry, Main University Campus, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
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28
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Sawano
- Department of Chemistry and Biological Science; Aoyama Gakuin University; 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku 252-5258 Sagamihara Kanagawa Japan
| | - Hisashi Yamamoto
- Molecular Catalyst Research Center; Chubu University; 1200, Matsumoto-cho Kasugai Aichi 487-8501 Japan
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29
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Mironov N, Milordov D, Abilova G, Tazeeva E, Yakubova S, Yakubov M. Preparative-scale purification of petroleum vanadyl porphyrins by sulfuric acid loaded macroporous silica. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2020. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424619501979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The practical potential of petroleum porphyrins still remains underestimated because of the absence of satisfactory simple and effective methods for their isolation in pure form. Our work aims to provide a solution for this problem via use of sulfuric acid loaded macroporous silica as an unprecedentedly effective adsorbent for deep petroporphyrin purification. Using chromatographic columns of reduced volume (4 cm3), a series of experiments on optimization of chromatographic conditions for silica-based sulfocationite were carried out. As a source of petroleum porphyrins, the primary concentrates of vanadyl porphyrins isolated on silica gel column from DMF extracts of heavy oil asphaltenes have been used. UV-vis and MALDI-TOF mass-spectrometric methods were employed for vanadyl porphyrin analysis and identification. We established that in a narrow range of water and acid content equal to [Formula: see text]25 and [Formula: see text]15 wt.%, respectively, silica-based sulfocationite becomes able to retain a bulk of polar petroleum components with exception of porphyrins, which thus leave the column first. A preparative-scale purification of vanadyl porphyrins by the sulfocationite-based method was performed for the first time and 18.5 mg of excellently pure product were obtained. Considering the extremely simple preparation and excellent purification performance of our novel sulfocationite, it could greatly facilitate access to high-purity petroleum porphyrins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolay Mironov
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Arbuzov str. 8, Kazan 420088, Russian Federation
| | - Dmitry Milordov
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Arbuzov str. 8, Kazan 420088, Russian Federation
| | - Guzalia Abilova
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Arbuzov str. 8, Kazan 420088, Russian Federation
| | - Elvira Tazeeva
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Arbuzov str. 8, Kazan 420088, Russian Federation
| | - Svetlana Yakubova
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Arbuzov str. 8, Kazan 420088, Russian Federation
| | - Makhmut Yakubov
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Arbuzov str. 8, Kazan 420088, Russian Federation
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30
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AC electrokinetic immobilization of organic dye molecules. Anal Bioanal Chem 2020; 412:3859-3870. [PMID: 32125465 PMCID: PMC7235070 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-020-02480-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
The application of inhomogeneous AC electric fields for molecular immobilization is a very fast and simple method that does not require any adaptions to the molecule’s functional groups or charges. Here, the method is applied to a completely new category of molecules: small organic fluorescence dyes, whose dimensions amount to only 1 nm or even less. The presented setup and the electric field parameters used allow immobilization of dye molecules on the whole electrode surface as opposed to pure dielectrophoretic applications, where molecules are attracted only to regions of high electric field gradients, i.e., to the electrode tips and edges. In addition to dielectrophoresis and AC electrokinetic flow, molecular scale interactions and electrophoresis at short time scales are discussed as further mechanisms leading to migration and immobilization of the molecules. Graphical Abstract ![]()
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31
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Pandey V, Jain D, Pareek N, Gupta I. Pd(II) porphyrins: Synthesis, singlet oxygen generation and photoassisted oxidation of aldehydes to carboxilic acids. Inorganica Chim Acta 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2019.119339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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32
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Doiuchi D, Nakamura T, Hayashi H, Uchida T. Non‐Heme‐Type Ruthenium Catalyzed Chemo‐ and Site‐Selective C−H Oxidation. Chem Asian J 2020; 15:762-765. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.202000134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Daiki Doiuchi
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of ScienceKyushu University 744, Motooka, Nishi-ku Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
| | - Tatsuya Nakamura
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of ScienceKyushu University 744, Motooka, Nishi-ku Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
| | - Hiroki Hayashi
- Faculty of Arts and ScienceKyushu University 744, Motooka, Nishi-ku Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
| | - Tatsuya Uchida
- Faculty of Arts and ScienceKyushu University 744, Motooka, Nishi-ku Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
- International Institute for Carbon-Neutral Energy Research (WPI−I2CNER)Kyushu University 744, Motooka, Nishi-ku Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
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33
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Chia WX, Nishijo M, Kang S, Oh J, Nishimura T, Omori H, Longevial JF, Miyake Y, Kim D, Shinokubo H. Site-Selective N-Methylation of 5,15-Diazaporphyrins: Reactive Cationic Porphyrinoids that Provide Isoporphyrin Analogues. Chemistry 2020; 26:2754-2760. [PMID: 31797461 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201905402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
N-Alkylation significantly changes the electronic and optical properties, as well as the reactivity of nitrogen-containing π-conjugated molecules. In this study, it is found that treating 5,15-diazaporphyrins with methyl triflate selectively affords the corresponding N-methyl-5,15-diazaporphyrinium cations in good yield. N-Methylation substantially alters the electronic properties and reactivity of diazaporphyrins. The electron-accepting properties of the N-methyl-5,15-diazaporphyrinium cations are enhanced due to their lowered LUMO level. Stabilization of the LUMO energy enables regio- and stereoselective Diels-Alder reactions of the cationic diazaporphyrin with cyclopentadiene. N-Methylation also enhances the acidity of the inner NH protons, and thus, allows facile deprotonation to provide nitrogen-substituted isoporphyrin analogues with only one NH group in the central cavity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Xi Chia
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
| | - Mayu Nishijo
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
| | - Seongsoo Kang
- Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems and Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Juwon Oh
- Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems and Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Tsubasa Nishimura
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
| | - Hiroto Omori
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
| | - Jean-François Longevial
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Miyake
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
| | - Dongho Kim
- Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems and Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Hiroshi Shinokubo
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
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34
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Post-functionalization of dibenzothiophene to functionalized biphenyls via a photoinduced thia-Baeyer-Villiger oxidation. Nat Commun 2020; 11:914. [PMID: 32060269 PMCID: PMC7021910 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-14522-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The Baeyer-Villiger reaction is used extensively in organic chemistry. Sila- and bora-variants have also been documented widely, with these processes underpinning, for example, the Fleming-Tamao oxidation and hydroborative alkene hydration, respectively. By contrast, the development of thia-Baeyer-Villiger reactions involving sulfoxides has long been considered unlikely because competitive oxidation to the sulfone occurs exclusively. Here, we disclose a photoinduced thia-Baeyer-Villiger-type oxidations; specifically, we find that exposure of dibenzothiophene (DBT) derivatives to an iron porphyrin catalyst under Ultraviolet irradiation in the presence of t-BuOOH generates sulfinic esters in up to 87% yield. The produced sulfinic esters are transformed to a variety of biphenyl substrates including biphenyl sulfoxides, sulfones and sulfonamides in 1-2 steps. These results provide a mild process for the selective functionalization of sulfur compounds, and offer a biomimetic approach to convert DBT into 2-hydroxybiphenyl under controllable stepwise pathway. Based upon experimental evidences and DFT calculation, a mechanism is proposed. The development of thia-Baeyer-Villiger reactions has been elusive so far due to competitive oxidation of sulfoxides to sulfones. Here, the authors show a thia-Baeyer-Villiger-type oxidations converting dibenzothiophene derivatives into sulfinic esters with t-BuOOH and an iron catalyst under UV irradiation.
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35
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Parodi AR, Merlo C, Córdoba A, Palopoli C, Ferreyra J, Signorella S, Ferreira ML, Magario I. Application of metal complexes as biomimetic catalysts on glycerol oxidation. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2018.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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36
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37
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Li Z, Xiao X, Su C, Hu N, Nie C, Liu Y, Zhang D, Wang Z, Liao L. Synthesis of bipolar tetradentate ligand and determination of fructose 1,6-diphosphate by resonance light scattering of its supramolecular polymer. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-019-06947-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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38
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Sun H, Qiu Y, Lu Y, Kong J, Zhang X. Ultrasensitive DNA electrochemical biosensor based on MnTBAP biomimetic catalyzed AGET ATRP signal amplification reaction. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:6636-6639. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cc02176h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, an ultrasensitive, highly selective and green electrochemical biosensor for quantifying DNA sequences (aM DNA) based on a MnTBAP catalyst for AGET ATRP reaction is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haobo Sun
- Research Center for Biomedical and Health Science
- Anhui Science and Technology University
- Fengyang 233100
- P. R. China
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering
| | - Yunliang Qiu
- Department of Criminal Science and Technology
- Nanjing Forest Police College
- Nanjing 210023
- P. R. China
| | - Yajie Lu
- Research Center for Biomedical and Health Science
- Anhui Science and Technology University
- Fengyang 233100
- P. R. China
| | - Jinming Kong
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology
- Nanjing 210094
- P. R. China
| | - Xueji Zhang
- School of Biomedical Engineering
- Shenzhen University Health Science Center
- Shenzhen
- P. R. China
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39
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Yagi A, Kondo T, Yamashita D, Wachi N, Omori H, Fukui N, Ikeue T, Shinokubo H. 5,5,15,15-Tetraoxo-5,15-Dithiaporphyrin as a Highly Electron-Deficient Porphyrinic Ligand. Chemistry 2019; 25:15580-15585. [PMID: 31550386 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201903639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Oxidation of 5,15-dithiaporphyrin with meta-chloroperbenzoic acid afforded the corresponding S,S-tetraoxide in good yield. The resultant 5,5,15,15-tetraoxo-5,15-dithiaporphyrin exhibited the highly electron-deficient nature as elucidated by the electrochemical analysis and theoretical calculations. Treatment of tetraoxodithiaporphyrin with zinc(II) acetate and nickel(II) acetate provided the corresponding metal complexes efficiently. Owing to its enhanced Lewis acidity of the metal center by the electron-deficient ligand, the nickel complex underwent facile axial ligation to form pentacoordinate and hexacoordinate high-spin (S=1) complexes in solution and solid, respectively. The binding constant of pyridine to the NiII center was significantly higher than those of conventional porphyrin NiII complexes. Temperature-dependent magnetic susceptibility measurements of the high-spin NiII complex revealed the presence of weak ferromagnetic interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsumi Yagi
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kondo
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
| | - Daisuke Yamashita
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
| | - Naruhiko Wachi
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
| | - Hiroto Omori
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
| | - Norihito Fukui
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
| | - Takahisa Ikeue
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu, Matsue, 690-8540, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Shinokubo
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
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40
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Second-Generation Manganese(III) Porphyrins Bearing 3,5-Dichloropyridyl Units: Innovative Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Catalysts for the Epoxidation of Alkenes. Catalysts 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/catal9110967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The synthesis, characterisation and homogeneous catalytic oxidation results of two manganese(III) porphyrins of the so-called second-generation of metalloporphyrin catalysts, containing one or four 3,5-dichloropyridyl substituents at the meso positions are reported for the first time. The catalytic efficiency of these novel manganese(III) porphyrins was evaluated in the oxidation of cyclooctene and styrene using aqueous hydrogen peroxide as the oxidant, under homogeneous conditions. High conversions were obtained in the presence of both catalysts, obtaining the corresponding epoxide as the major product. The asymmetric metalloporphyrin, chloro[5,10,15-tris(2,6-dichlorophenyl)-20-(3,5-dichloropyridin-4-yl)porphyrinate]manganese(III), CAT-4, evidences a similar activity to that obtained with the well-known and highly efficient second-generation metalloporphyrin catalyst, chloro[5,10,15,20-tetrakis(2,6-dichlorophenyl)porphyrinate]manganese(III), CAT-2. CAT-4 was covalently attached onto Merrifield resin and 3-bromopropylsilica supports. The solid materials obtained were characterized by several techniques including diffuse reflectance, UV—VIS spectrophotometry, SEM and XPS. The catalytic results for the oxidation of cyclooctene and styrene using the immobilized catalysts are also presented. The Merrifield-supported catalyst showed to be very efficient, leading to five catalytic cycles in the oxidation of cyclooctene, using tert-butyl hydroperoxide as the oxidant.
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41
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Almeida Lage AL, Ribeiro JM, de Souza-Fagundes EM, Brugnera MF, Martins DCDS. Efficient atrazine degradation catalyzed by manganese porphyrins: Determination of atrazine degradation products and their toxicity evaluation by human blood cells test models. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2019; 378:120748. [PMID: 31226586 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.120748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Atrazine (ATZ) is an herbicide that has been considered an environmental pollutant worldwide. ATZ contaminates groundwaters and can persist in soils for up to a year causing several environmental and health problems. This study aimed to investigate ATZ degradation catalyzed by manganese porphyrins as biomimetic cytochrome P450 models. We used PhIO, PhI(OAc)2, H2O2, t-BuOOH, m-CPBA, or Oxone® as oxidant under mild conditions and evaluated a range of manganese porphyrins as catalyst. Concerning oxidant, iodosylbenzene provided the best result-ATZ degradation catalyzed by one of the studied manganese porphyrins in acetonitrile was as high as 47%. We studied the same catalyst/oxidant systems in natural water from a Brazilian river as solvent and obtained up to 100% ATZ degradation when iodobenzene diacetate was the oxidant, regardless of the manganese porphyrin. Besides the already known ATZ degradation products, we also identified unexpected degradation compounds (ring-opening products). Toxicity tests showed that the latter products were capable of proliferate blood cells because they did not show toxicity under the evaluated conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Luísa Almeida Lage
- Departamento de Química, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Juliana Martins Ribeiro
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Elaine Maria de Souza-Fagundes
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Michelle Fernanda Brugnera
- Departamento de Química, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, 78060-900, Cuiabá, MT, Brazil
| | - Dayse Carvalho da Silva Martins
- Departamento de Química, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
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42
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Vidal A, Battistin F, Iengo E, Milani B, Alessio E. The Insertion of Ruthenium into Porphyrins Revisited and Improved: Proof of Concept Results with a Ruthenium(II) Monocarbonyl Compound, and the Spectacular Effect of Propionic Acid. Eur J Inorg Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201900428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Vidal
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Trieste Via L. Giorgieri 1 34127 Trieste Italy
| | - Federica Battistin
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Trieste Via L. Giorgieri 1 34127 Trieste Italy
| | - Elisabetta Iengo
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Trieste Via L. Giorgieri 1 34127 Trieste Italy
| | - Barbara Milani
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Trieste Via L. Giorgieri 1 34127 Trieste Italy
| | - Enzo Alessio
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Trieste Via L. Giorgieri 1 34127 Trieste Italy
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43
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Wang HX, Wan Q, Wu K, Low KH, Yang C, Zhou CY, Huang JS, Che CM. Ruthenium(II) Porphyrin Quinoid Carbene Complexes: Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Reactivity toward Carbene Transfer and Hydrogen Atom Transfer Reactions. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:9027-9046. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b03357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Xu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Qingyun Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kai Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kam-Hung Low
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chen Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Cong-Ying Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jie-Sheng Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chi-Ming Che
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, China
- HKU Shenzhen Institute of Research & Innovation, Shenzhen, China
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44
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So Y, Wong K, Sung HHY, Williams ID, Leung W. Ruthenium Aqua Complexes Supported by the Kläui Tripodal Ligand: Synthesis, Structure, and Application in Catalytic C–H Oxidation in Water. Eur J Inorg Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201900307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yat‐Ming So
- Department of Chemistry The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay, Kowloon Hong Kong P. R. China
| | - Kang‐Long Wong
- Department of Chemistry The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay, Kowloon Hong Kong P. R. China
| | - Herman H. Y. Sung
- Department of Chemistry The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay, Kowloon Hong Kong P. R. China
| | - Ian D. Williams
- Department of Chemistry The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay, Kowloon Hong Kong P. R. China
| | - Wa‐Hung Leung
- Department of Chemistry The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay, Kowloon Hong Kong P. R. China
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45
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritesh Singh
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER-Raebareli), Bijnor-Sisendi Road, Sarojini
Nagar, Near CRPF Base Camp, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226002, India
| | - Anirban Mukherjee
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER-Raebareli), Bijnor-Sisendi Road, Sarojini
Nagar, Near CRPF Base Camp, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226002, India
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46
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Recent advances in the catalytic oxidation of alkene and alkane substrates using immobilized manganese complexes with nitrogen containing ligands. Coord Chem Rev 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2018.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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47
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Halder N, Sangeetha M, Usharani D, Rath H. meso-Aryl substituted stable unorthodox 5,10-porphodimethenes with α,β and β,β-N-methyl pyrrole connectivities: synthesis and spectroscopic, solid state and theoretical characterization. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:6131-6135. [DOI: 10.1039/c9ob01062a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
meso-Aryl substituted highly stable single conformers of doubly mutant porphodimethenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nyancy Halder
- School of Chemical Sciences
- Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science
- Kolkata
- India
| | - Mohandas Sangeetha
- Department of Food Safety and Analytical Quality Control Laboratory
- CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute
- Mysuru 700020
- India
| | - Dandamudi Usharani
- Department of Food Safety and Analytical Quality Control Laboratory
- CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute
- Mysuru 700020
- India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (ACSIR)
| | - Harapriya Rath
- School of Chemical Sciences
- Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science
- Kolkata
- India
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48
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Wu J, Xu F, Li S, Ma P, Zhang X, Liu Q, Fu R, Wu D. Porous Polymers as Multifunctional Material Platforms toward Task-Specific Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1802922. [PMID: 30345562 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201802922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 07/15/2018] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Exploring advanced porous materials is of critical importance in the development of science and technology. Porous polymers, being famous for their all-organic components, tailored pore structures, and adjustable chemical components, have attracted an increasing level of research interest in a large number of applications, including gas adsorption/storage, separation, catalysis, environmental remediation, energy, optoelectronics, and health. Recent years have witnessed tremendous research breakthroughs in these fields thanks to the unique pore structures and versatile skeletons of porous polymers. Here, recent milestones in the diverse applications of porous polymers are presented, with an emphasis on the structural requirements or parameters that dominate their properties and functionalities. The Review covers the following applications: i) gas adsorption, ii) water treatment, iii) separation, iv) heterogeneous catalysis, v) electrochemical energy storage, vi) precursors for porous carbons, and vii) other applications (e.g., intelligent temperature control textiles, sensing, proton conduction, biomedicine, optoelectronics, and actuators). The key requirements for each application are discussed and an in-depth understanding of the structure-property relationships of these advanced materials is provided. Finally, a perspective on the future research directions and challenges in this field is presented for further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinlun Wu
- Materials Science Institute, PCFM Lab and GDHPRC Lab, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China
| | - Fei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center for Nano Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University and Shaanxi Joint Laboratory of Graphene (NPU), Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Shimei Li
- Materials Science Institute, PCFM Lab and GDHPRC Lab, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China
| | - Pengwei Ma
- Materials Science Institute, PCFM Lab and GDHPRC Lab, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China
| | - Xingcai Zhang
- Materials Science Institute, PCFM Lab and GDHPRC Lab, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China
| | - Qianhui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center for Nano Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University and Shaanxi Joint Laboratory of Graphene (NPU), Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Ruowen Fu
- Materials Science Institute, PCFM Lab and GDHPRC Lab, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China
| | - Dingcai Wu
- Materials Science Institute, PCFM Lab and GDHPRC Lab, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China
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49
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Crandell DW, Muñoz SB, Smith JM, Baik MH. Mechanistic study of styrene aziridination by iron(iv) nitrides. Chem Sci 2018; 9:8542-8552. [PMID: 30568778 PMCID: PMC6251402 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc03677b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
A combined experimental and computational investigation was undertaken to investigate the mechanism of aziridination of styrene by the tris(carbene)borate iron(iv) nitride complex, PhB( t BuIm)3Fe[triple bond, length as m-dash]N. While mechanistic investigations suggest that aziridination occurs via a reversible, stepwise pathway, it was not possible to confirm the mechanism using only experimental techniques. Density functional theory calculations support a stepwise radical addition mechanism, but suggest that a low-lying triplet (S = 1) state provides the lowest energy path for C-N bond formation (24.6 kcal mol-1) and not the singlet ground (S = 0) state. A second spin flip may take place in order to facilitate ring closure and the formation of the quintet (S = 2) aziridino product. A Hammett analysis shows that electron-withdrawing groups increase the rate of reaction σ p (ρ = 1.2 ± 0.2). This finding is supported by the computational results, which show that the rate-determining step drops from 24.6 kcal mol-1 to 18.3 kcal mol-1 when (p-NO2C6H4)CH[double bond, length as m-dash]CH2 is used and slightly increases to 25.5 kcal mol-1 using (p-NMe2C6H4)CH[double bond, length as m-dash]CH2 as the substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas W Crandell
- Department of Chemistry , Indiana University , 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue , Bloomington , IN 47405 , USA .
- Department of Chemistry , Saint Louis University , St. Louis , MO 63103 , USA .
| | - Salvador B Muñoz
- Department of Chemistry , Indiana University , 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue , Bloomington , IN 47405 , USA .
| | - Jeremy M Smith
- Department of Chemistry , Indiana University , 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue , Bloomington , IN 47405 , USA .
| | - Mu-Hyun Baik
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations , Institute for Basic Science (IBS) , Daejeon 34141 , Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry , Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) , Daejeon 34141 , Republic of Korea .
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50
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariette M. Pereira
- CQC, Coimbra Chemistry Centre, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Lucas D. Dias
- CQC, Coimbra Chemistry Centre, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Mário J. F. Calvete
- CQC, Coimbra Chemistry Centre, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
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