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Cosinschi M, Preda AT, Pantis-Simut CA, Filipoiu N, Ghitiu I, Dulea MA, Ion L, Manolescu A, Nemnes GA. Collective dynamics of Ca atoms encapsulated in C 60 endohedral fullerenes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:22090-22098. [PMID: 39118483 DOI: 10.1039/d4cp01048e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
Endohedral C60 fullerenes with up to four encapsulated Ca atoms were investigated by ab initio molecular dynamics simulations (AIMD). The relatively long runs allow us to describe the correlated movement of the Ca atoms inside the fullerene cage. For the systems with one or two Ca atoms a relatively unimpeded rotation was conjectured by earlier nuclear magnetic resonance experiments and supported by previous ab initio calculations used to sample the potential energy landscape. Here, by AIMD calculations, we confirm not only the circular motion, but also the correlated movement of the two Ca atoms, which is due to electric dipole interactions on the inner surface of the C60 molecule. Furthermore, systems with three and four Ca atoms present highly symmetric configurations of the embedded atoms, which are shown to rotate consistently within the fullerene cage, while more complex charge density patterns emerge. Employing artificial neural network models we perform a force-field mapping, which enables us to reproduce the main characteristics of the actual dynamics, such as the circular motion and the correlated movement of the Ca atoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihaela Cosinschi
- University of Bucharest, Faculty of Physics, 077125 Magurele-Ilfov, Romania.
- Horia Hulubei National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, 077126 Magurele-Ilfov, Romania
| | - Amanda T Preda
- University of Bucharest, Faculty of Physics, 077125 Magurele-Ilfov, Romania.
- Horia Hulubei National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, 077126 Magurele-Ilfov, Romania
| | - C-A Pantis-Simut
- University of Bucharest, Faculty of Physics, 077125 Magurele-Ilfov, Romania.
- Horia Hulubei National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, 077126 Magurele-Ilfov, Romania
| | - N Filipoiu
- University of Bucharest, Faculty of Physics, 077125 Magurele-Ilfov, Romania.
- Horia Hulubei National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, 077126 Magurele-Ilfov, Romania
| | - I Ghitiu
- University of Bucharest, Faculty of Physics, 077125 Magurele-Ilfov, Romania.
- National Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics, 077125 Magurele-Ilfov, Romania
| | - M A Dulea
- Horia Hulubei National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, 077126 Magurele-Ilfov, Romania
| | - L Ion
- University of Bucharest, Faculty of Physics, 077125 Magurele-Ilfov, Romania.
| | - A Manolescu
- Department of Engineering, School of Technology, Reykjavik University, Menntavegur 1, IS-102 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - G A Nemnes
- University of Bucharest, Faculty of Physics, 077125 Magurele-Ilfov, Romania.
- Research Institute of the University of Bucharest (ICUB), 90 Panduri Street, 050663 Bucharest, Romania
- Horia Hulubei National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, 077126 Magurele-Ilfov, Romania
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Yang L, Li B, Gu X, Niu K, Jin P. Discovery of Non-Isolated-Pentagon-Rule Fullerenes from Computational Characterization of U 2O@C 72. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:6492-6502. [PMID: 33881859 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c00229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The reported actinide-based endohedral clusterfullerenes (ECFs) are rather scarce thus far. Though several members have been detected in mass spectra, their exact structures and properties mostly remain unclear. Herein, density functional theory calculations revealed that the U2O@C72 observed in recent experiments should be U2O@D2(10611)-C72, U2O@C1(10610)-C72, or U2O@Cs(10616)-C72. Featuring two pairs of fused pentagons, their outer cages all break the well-known isolated pentagon rule. U2O@D2(10611)-C72 is the first clusterfullerene based on the D2(10611)-C72 cage, which only encapsulated dimetals (Sc2, La2, Ce2, Pr2) before. It is also the first time to reveal that C1(10610)-C72 and Cs(10616)-C72 can serve as the parent cage of an endohedral fullerene. Interestingly, the three isomers could interconvert with each other via Stone-Wales transformation with one internal U atom dynamically changing its orientation according to the position of pentagon adjacencies. A common electronic structure of (U4+)2(O)2-@C726- can be formally assigned to the three ECFs but with obvious covalent character for both U-O and U-C bonds. Their spatially extended U-5f orbitals substantially enhance the metal-cage interactions. Their various spectra were also simulated to assist future experiments. Moreover, our work shows that the careful choice of exchange-correlation functionals is rather critical for the structural characterization of ECFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
| | - Bo Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
| | - Xiaojiao Gu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
| | - Kai Niu
- School of Sciences, Tianjin University of Technology and Education, Tianjin 300222, China
| | - Peng Jin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
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Dral PO, Clark T. On the feasibility of reactions through the fullerene wall: a theoretical study of NHx@C60. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp02865b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of small radicals and molecules inside fullerenes by reactions through the fullerene wall is investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavlo O. Dral
- Computer-Chemie-Centrum and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials
- Department of Chemie und Pharmazie
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
- Nägelsbachstr. 25
- 91052 Erlangen
| | - Timothy Clark
- Computer-Chemie-Centrum and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials
- Department of Chemie und Pharmazie
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
- Nägelsbachstr. 25
- 91052 Erlangen
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Zhao YL, Yu HT, Lian YF. Experimental and theoretical evaluation of structures of Pr2@C72 and its functionalized adduct with adamantylidene carbene. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra23224h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The carbon-cage structure of the lowest-lying Pr2@C72 is C2(10 611)-C72.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-li Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry
- Ministry of Education of China
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Heilongjiang University
- Harbin 150080
| | - Hai-tao Yu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry
- Ministry of Education of China
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Heilongjiang University
- Harbin 150080
| | - Yong-fu Lian
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry
- Ministry of Education of China
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Heilongjiang University
- Harbin 150080
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Lebedeva MA, Chamberlain TW, Davies ES, Mancel D, Thomas BE, Suyetin M, Bichoutskaia E, Schröder M, Khlobystov AN. Transition Metal Complexes of a Salen-Fullerene Diad: Redox and Catalytically Active Nanostructures for Delivery of Metals in Nanotubes. Chemistry 2013; 19:11999-2008. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201300872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey A Popov
- Department of Electrochemistry and Conducting Polymers, Leibniz-Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW) Dresden , D-01171 Dresden, Germany
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Warner JH, Plant SR, Young NP, Porfyrakis K, Kirkland AI, Briggs GAD. Atomic scale growth dynamics of nanocrystals within carbon nanotubes. ACS NANO 2011; 5:1410-1417. [PMID: 21268597 DOI: 10.1021/nn1031802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The confined interior region of carbon nanotubes has proved to be an effective "nano-test-tube" to conduct chemical reactions in a restricted volume. It also benefits from being thin and relatively transparent to electrons, enabling structural characterization using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. This permits real-time monitoring of chemical reactions with atomic resolution. Here, we have studied the dynamics of single Pr atoms released from Pr(2)@C(72) metallofullerenes. We show that the Pr atoms form small nanoclusters that subsequently coalesce to ordered, stable nanocrystals within the confines of a carbon nanotube. This process has been tracked in situ with atomic-resolution using low-voltage aberration-corrected high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. We reveal that nanocrystal formation within a nanotube does not generally occur by the addition of single atoms to one pre-existing cluster but rather through aggregation of several smaller clusters. These results provide some of the deepest insights into the dynamics of single-atom behavior in the solid state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie H Warner
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PH, United Kingdom.
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Yang T, Zhao X, Nagase S. Di-lanthanide encapsulated into large fullerene C100: a DFT survey. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2011; 13:5034-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cp01840f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Nicholls RJ, Sader K, Warner JH, Plant SR, Porfyrakis K, Nellist PD, Briggs GAD, Cockayne DJH. Direct imaging and chemical identification of the encapsulated metal atoms in bimetallic endofullerene peapods. ACS NANO 2010; 4:3943-3948. [PMID: 20557070 DOI: 10.1021/nn100823e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, a chemically sensitive local characterization technique is used to characterize fullerene peapods containing two metal atoms within each fullerene. By combining bright-field imaging, high-angle annular dark-field imaging, and electron energy loss spectroscopy in a scanning transmission electron microscope, unambiguous identification of the metal atoms present is possible. Key to making this possible is aberration correction, which allows atomic resolution at lower beam energies. The peapods can be imaged for several consecutive scans at 80 keV beam energy, and the combination of techniques allows the position as well as the species of the encapsulated atoms to be identified. Movements of the encapsulated atoms are monitored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca J Nicholls
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PH UK.
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Lu X, Slanina Z, Akasaka T, Tsuchiya T, Mizorogi N, Nagase S. Yb@C2n (n = 40, 41, 42): New Fullerene Allotropes with Unexplored Electrochemical Properties. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 132:5896-905. [DOI: 10.1021/ja101131e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xing Lu
- Centre for Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan, and Department of Theoretical and Computational Molecular Science, Institute for Molecular Science, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - Zdenek Slanina
- Centre for Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan, and Department of Theoretical and Computational Molecular Science, Institute for Molecular Science, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - Takeshi Akasaka
- Centre for Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan, and Department of Theoretical and Computational Molecular Science, Institute for Molecular Science, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - Takahiro Tsuchiya
- Centre for Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan, and Department of Theoretical and Computational Molecular Science, Institute for Molecular Science, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - Naomi Mizorogi
- Centre for Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan, and Department of Theoretical and Computational Molecular Science, Institute for Molecular Science, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - Shigeru Nagase
- Centre for Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan, and Department of Theoretical and Computational Molecular Science, Institute for Molecular Science, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
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