1
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Stout CN, Wasfy NM, Chen F, Renata H. Charting the Evolution of Chemoenzymatic Strategies in the Syntheses of Complex Natural Products. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:18161-18181. [PMID: 37553092 PMCID: PMC11107883 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c03422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
Bolstered by recent advances in bioinformatics, genetics, and enzyme engineering, the field of chemoenzymatic synthesis has enjoyed a rapid increase in popularity and utility. This Perspective explores the integration of enzymes into multistep chemical syntheses, highlighting the unique potential of biocatalytic transformations to streamline the synthesis of complex natural products. In particular, we identify four primary conceptual approaches to chemoenzymatic synthesis and illustrate each with a number of landmark case studies. Future opportunities and challenges are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carter N. Stout
- Skaggs Doctoral Program in the Chemical and Biological Sciences, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Nour M. Wasfy
- Department of Chemistry, BioScience Research Collaborative, Rice University, Houston, Texas, 77005, United States
| | - Fang Chen
- Department of Chemistry, BioScience Research Collaborative, Rice University, Houston, Texas, 77005, United States
| | - Hans Renata
- Department of Chemistry, BioScience Research Collaborative, Rice University, Houston, Texas, 77005, United States
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2
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Liang X, Zhao Y, Si X, Xu M, Tan J, Zhang Z, Zheng C, Zheng C, Cai Q. Enantioselective Synthesis of Arene
cis
‐Dihydrodiols from 2‐Pyrones. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:14562-14567. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201908284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao‐Wei Liang
- Department of Chemistry and Research Center for Molecular Recognition and Synthesis Fudan University 220 Handan Rd. Shanghai 200433 China
| | - Yunlong Zhao
- Department of Chemistry and Research Center for Molecular Recognition and Synthesis Fudan University 220 Handan Rd. Shanghai 200433 China
| | - Xu‐Ge Si
- Department of Chemistry and Research Center for Molecular Recognition and Synthesis Fudan University 220 Handan Rd. Shanghai 200433 China
| | - Meng‐Meng Xu
- Department of Chemistry and Research Center for Molecular Recognition and Synthesis Fudan University 220 Handan Rd. Shanghai 200433 China
| | - Jia‐Hao Tan
- Department of Chemistry and Research Center for Molecular Recognition and Synthesis Fudan University 220 Handan Rd. Shanghai 200433 China
| | - Zhi‐Mao Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Research Center for Molecular Recognition and Synthesis Fudan University 220 Handan Rd. Shanghai 200433 China
| | - Cheng‐Gong Zheng
- Department of Chemistry and Research Center for Molecular Recognition and Synthesis Fudan University 220 Handan Rd. Shanghai 200433 China
| | - Chao Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Rd. Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Quan Cai
- Department of Chemistry and Research Center for Molecular Recognition and Synthesis Fudan University 220 Handan Rd. Shanghai 200433 China
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3
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Liang X, Zhao Y, Si X, Xu M, Tan J, Zhang Z, Zheng C, Zheng C, Cai Q. Enantioselective Synthesis of Arene
cis
‐Dihydrodiols from 2‐Pyrones. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201908284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao‐Wei Liang
- Department of Chemistry and Research Center for Molecular Recognition and Synthesis Fudan University 220 Handan Rd. Shanghai 200433 China
| | - Yunlong Zhao
- Department of Chemistry and Research Center for Molecular Recognition and Synthesis Fudan University 220 Handan Rd. Shanghai 200433 China
| | - Xu‐Ge Si
- Department of Chemistry and Research Center for Molecular Recognition and Synthesis Fudan University 220 Handan Rd. Shanghai 200433 China
| | - Meng‐Meng Xu
- Department of Chemistry and Research Center for Molecular Recognition and Synthesis Fudan University 220 Handan Rd. Shanghai 200433 China
| | - Jia‐Hao Tan
- Department of Chemistry and Research Center for Molecular Recognition and Synthesis Fudan University 220 Handan Rd. Shanghai 200433 China
| | - Zhi‐Mao Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Research Center for Molecular Recognition and Synthesis Fudan University 220 Handan Rd. Shanghai 200433 China
| | - Cheng‐Gong Zheng
- Department of Chemistry and Research Center for Molecular Recognition and Synthesis Fudan University 220 Handan Rd. Shanghai 200433 China
| | - Chao Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Rd. Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Quan Cai
- Department of Chemistry and Research Center for Molecular Recognition and Synthesis Fudan University 220 Handan Rd. Shanghai 200433 China
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4
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Tricarbonyliron(0) complexes of bio-derived η4 cyclohexadiene ligands: An approach to analogues of oseltamivir. J Organomet Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2015.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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5
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Vaccarello DN, Moschitto MJ, Lewis CA. Regiodivergent addition of phenols to allylic oxides. J Org Chem 2015; 80:5252-9. [PMID: 25933102 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b00671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The regiodivergent addition of substituted phenols to allylic oxides has been demonstrated using C2-symmetric palladium complexes. Complex phenol donors tyrosine, estradiol, and griseofulvin follow the predictive model.
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Affiliation(s)
- David N Vaccarello
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Matthew J Moschitto
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Chad A Lewis
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
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6
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Froese J, Hudlicky JR, Hudlicky T. Palladium-catalyzed carbonylation of halo arene-cis-dihydrodiols to the corresponding carboxylates. Access to compounds unavailable by toluene dioxygenase-mediated dihydroxylation of the corresponding benzoate esters. Org Biomol Chem 2014; 12:7810-9. [PMID: 25158114 DOI: 10.1039/c4ob01417k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A series of arene-cis-dihydrodiol carboxylates was prepared by palladium-catalyzed carbonylation of (1S, 2S-cis)-3-iodo-3,5-cyclohexadiene-1,2-diol, which is obtained in high titers by enzymatic dihydroxylation of iodobenzene. Both the free diol and the corresponding acetonide were subjected to this protocol to produce various arene-cis-dihydrodiol carboxylates that are unavailable by fermentation of the corresponding benzoates or are produced in low yields. The comparison of yields obtained from fermentation versus carbonylation was made for all compounds investigated. Experimental and spectral data are provided for all new compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan Froese
- Chemistry Department and Centre for Biotechnology, Brock University, 500 Glenridge Avenue, St. Catharines, Ontario L2S 3A1, Canada.
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7
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Froese J, Endoma-Arias MAA, Hudlicky T. Processing of o-Halobenzoates by Toluene Dioxygenase. The Role of the Alkoxy Functionality in the Regioselectivity of the Enzymatic Dihydroxylation Reaction. Org Process Res Dev 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/op400343c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jordan Froese
- Department
of Chemistry and
Centre for Biotechnology, Brock University, 500 Glenridge Avenue, St. Catharines, Ontario L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Mary Ann A. Endoma-Arias
- Department
of Chemistry and
Centre for Biotechnology, Brock University, 500 Glenridge Avenue, St. Catharines, Ontario L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Tomas Hudlicky
- Department
of Chemistry and
Centre for Biotechnology, Brock University, 500 Glenridge Avenue, St. Catharines, Ontario L2S 3A1, Canada
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8
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Griffen JA, Kenwright SJ, Abou-Shehada S, Wharry S, Moody TS, Lewis SE. Benzoate dioxygenase fromRalstonia eutrophaB9 – unusual regiochemistry of dihydroxylation permits rapid access to novel chirons. Org Chem Front 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3qo00057e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Oxidation of benzoic acid by a microorganism expressing benzoate dioxygenase leads to the formation of an unusualipso,orthoarenecis-diol in sufficient quantities to be useful for synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia A. Griffen
- Centre for Sustainable Chemical Technologies
- University of Bath
- Claverton Down, UK
| | - Sarah J. Kenwright
- Centre for Sustainable Chemical Technologies
- University of Bath
- Claverton Down, UK
| | - Sarah Abou-Shehada
- Centre for Sustainable Chemical Technologies
- University of Bath
- Claverton Down, UK
| | - Scott Wharry
- Department of Biocatalysis and Isotope Chemistry
- Almac Group Ltd
- Craigavon, UK
| | - Thomas S. Moody
- Department of Biocatalysis and Isotope Chemistry
- Almac Group Ltd
- Craigavon, UK
| | - Simon E. Lewis
- Centre for Sustainable Chemical Technologies
- University of Bath
- Claverton Down, UK
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9
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Hudlicky T, R. Adams D, van Kempen J, R. Hudlicky J. Chemoenzymatic Approach to Synthesis of Hydroxylated Pyrrolidines from Benzoic Acid. HETEROCYCLES 2014. [DOI: 10.3987/com-13-s(s)89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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10
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Stereoselective hydrogenation of methylcyclohex-2-ene-1,4-diols used in the synthesis of ampelomins and deoxy-carbasugars. Tetrahedron Lett 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2013.12.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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11
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Vila MA, Brovetto M, Gamenara D, Bracco P, Zinola G, Seoane G, Rodríguez S, Carrera I. Production of cis-1,2-dihydrocatechols of high synthetic value by whole-cell fermentation using Escherichia coli JM109 (pDTG601): A detailed study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2013.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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12
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Griffen JA, White JC, Kociok-Köhn G, Lloyd MD, Wells A, Arnot TC, Lewis SE. New aminocyclitols with quaternary stereocentres via acylnitroso cycloaddition with an ipso,ortho arene dihydrodiol. Tetrahedron 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2013.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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13
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Trant JF, Froese J, Hudlicky T. Enzymatic oxidation of para-substituted arenes: access to new non-racemic chiral metabolites for synthesis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2013.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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14
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Ali Khan M, Mahon MF, Lowe JP, Stewart AJW, Lewis SE. Valuable New Cyclohexadiene Building Blocks from Cationic η5-Iron-Carbonyl Complexes Derived from a Microbial Arene Oxidation Product. Chemistry 2012; 18:13480-93. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201202411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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15
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Semak V, Metcalf TA, Endoma-Arias MAA, Mach P, Hudlicky T. Toluene dioxygenase mediated oxidation of halogen-substituted benzoate esters. Org Biomol Chem 2012; 10:4407-16. [PMID: 22562668 DOI: 10.1039/c2ob25202c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A series of ortho-, meta-, and para- halogen-substituted methyl benzoate esters was subjected to enzymatic dihydroxylation via the whole-cell fermentation with E. coli JM109 (pDTG601A). Only ortho-substituted benzoates were metabolized. Methyl 2-fluorobenzoate yielded one diol regioselectively whereas methyl 2-chloro-, methyl 2-bromo- and methyl 2-iodobenzoates each yielded a mixture of regioisomers. Absolute stereochemistry was determined for all new metabolites. Computational analysis of these results and a possible rationale for the regioselectivity of the enzymatic dihydroxylation is advanced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladislav Semak
- Department of Chemistry, Brock University, 500 Glenridge Ave, St. Catharines, ON, Canada L2S 3A1
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16
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Clouthier CM, Pelletier JN. Expanding the organic toolbox: a guide to integrating biocatalysis in synthesis. Chem Soc Rev 2012; 41:1585-605. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cs15286j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 251] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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17
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Werner L, Machara A, Sullivan B, Carrera I, Moser M, Adams DR, Hudlicky T, Andraos J. Several generations of chemoenzymatic synthesis of oseltamivir (Tamiflu): evolution of strategy, quest for a process-quality synthesis, and evaluation of efficiency metrics. J Org Chem 2011; 76:10050-67. [PMID: 22007598 DOI: 10.1021/jo2018872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Four generations of chemoenzymatic approaches to oseltamivir are presented. The first two generations relied on the use of cyclohexadiene-cis-diol derived enzymatically from bromobenzene. The third and fourth generation used the corresponding diol obtained from ethyl benzoate by fermentation with E. coli JM109(pDTG601a). Oseltamivir was obtained from ethyl benzoate by intersecting intermediate 39 (third-generation synthesis) and intermediate 45 (fourth-generation synthesis). Both of these advanced approaches benefited from symmetry considerations and translocation of the acrylate double bond with concomitant elimination of the C-1 hydroxyl. The syntheses are evaluated for overall efficiency by the use of efficiency metrics and compared with other syntheses of oseltamivir (both academic and industrial).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Werner
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Biotechnology, Brock University, 500 Glenridge Avenue, St. Catharines, Ontario L2S 3A1, Canada
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18
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Recent synthetic approaches to oseltamivir phosphate (Tamiflu™) for the treatment of influenza. Tetrahedron 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2011.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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19
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Duchek J, Adams DR, Hudlicky T. Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of Inositols, Conduritols, and Cyclitol Analogues. Chem Rev 2011; 111:4223-58. [DOI: 10.1021/cr1004138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Duchek
- Department of Chemistry and the Centre for Biotechnology, Brock University, 500 Glenridge Avenue, St. Catharines ON L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - David R. Adams
- Department of Chemistry and the Centre for Biotechnology, Brock University, 500 Glenridge Avenue, St. Catharines ON L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Tomas Hudlicky
- Department of Chemistry and the Centre for Biotechnology, Brock University, 500 Glenridge Avenue, St. Catharines ON L2S 3A1, Canada
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20
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García-Urdiales E, Alfonso I, Gotor V. Update 1 of: Enantioselective Enzymatic Desymmetrizations in Organic Synthesis. Chem Rev 2011; 111:PR110-80. [DOI: 10.1021/cr100330u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo García-Urdiales
- Departamento de Química
Orgánica e Inorgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad
de Oviedo, Julián Clavería, 8, 33006 Oviedo, Spain,
and
| | - Ignacio Alfonso
- Departamento de Química Biológica
y Modelización Molecular, Instituto de Química Avanzada
de Cataluña (IQAC, CSIC), Jordi Girona, 18-26, 08034, Barcelona,
Spain
| | - Vicente Gotor
- Departamento de Química
Orgánica e Inorgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad
de Oviedo, Julián Clavería, 8, 33006 Oviedo, Spain,
and
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21
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Snyder SA, Kontes F. Synthetic Studies of Biomimetic Diels-Alder Processes toward the Helicterin Family of Natural Products. Isr J Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.201100004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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22
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Griffen JA, Le Coz AM, Kociok-Köhn G, Khan MA, Stewart AJW, Lewis SE. Expanding the chiral pool: oxidation of meta-bromobenzoic acid by R. eutrophus B9 allows access to new reaction manifolds. Org Biomol Chem 2011; 9:3920-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c1ob05131h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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23
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Khan MA, Lowe JP, Johnson AL, Stewart AJW, Lewis SE. Accessing the antipodal series in microbial arene oxidation: a novel diene rearrangement induced by tricarbonyliron(0) complexation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2011; 47:215-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cc01169j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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24
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Pilgrim S, Kociok-Köhn G, Lloyd MD, Lewis SE. “Inosaminoacids”: novel inositol–amino acid hybrid structures accessed by microbial arene oxidation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2011; 47:4799-801. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cc10643k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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25
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Bataille CJR, Donohoe TJ. Osmium-free direct syn-dihydroxylation of alkenes. Chem Soc Rev 2011; 40:114-28. [DOI: 10.1039/b923880h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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26
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Boyd DR, Sharma ND, Acaru CA, Malone JF, O'Dowd CR, Allen CCR, Stevenson PJ. Chemoenzymatic synthesis of carbasugars (+)-pericosines A-C from diverse aromatic cis-dihydrodiol precursors. Org Lett 2010; 12:2206-9. [PMID: 20411952 DOI: 10.1021/ol100525r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
cis-Dihydrocatechols, derived from biological cis-dihydroxylation of methyl benzoate, iodobenzene and benzonitrile, using the microorganism Pseudomonas putida UV4, were converted into pericosines A, C, and B, respectively. This approach constitutes the shortest syntheses, to date, of these important natural products with densely packed functionalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek R Boyd
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast BT9 5AG, United Kingdom
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27
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Synthesis of 1,2- and 1,4-amino alcohols from 1,3-dienes via oxazines. Rearrangements of 1,4-amino alcohol derivatives to oxazolines. Tetrahedron 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2010.03.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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28
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29
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Werner L, Machara A, Hudlicky T. Short Chemoenzymatic Azide-Free Synthesis of Oseltamivir (Tamiflu): Approaching the Potential for Process Efficiency. Adv Synth Catal 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.200900844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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30
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Boyd DR, Sharma ND, Bowers NI, Coen GB, Malone JF, O'Dowd CR, Stevenson PJ, Allen CCR. Chemoenzymatic synthesis of the carbasugars carba-β-l-galactopyranose, carba-β-l-talopyranose and carba-α-l-talopyranose from methyl benzoate. Org Biomol Chem 2010; 8:1415-23. [DOI: 10.1039/b921545j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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31
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Hudlicky T, Reed JW. Applications of biotransformations and biocatalysis to complexity generation in organic synthesis. Chem Soc Rev 2009; 38:3117-32. [DOI: 10.1039/b901172m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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