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Lv E, Li Y, Ding J, Qin W. Magnetic‐Field‐Driven Extraction of Bioreceptors into Polymeric Membranes for Label‐Free Potentiometric Biosensing. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202011331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Enguang Lv
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC) Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, YICCAS Yantai Shandong 264003 P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Yanhong Li
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC) Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, YICCAS Yantai Shandong 264003 P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Jiawang Ding
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC) Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, YICCAS Yantai Shandong 264003 P. R. China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao) Qingdao Shandong 266237 P. R. China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science Chinese Academy of Sciences Qingdao Shandong 266071 P. R. China
| | - Wei Qin
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC) Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, YICCAS Yantai Shandong 264003 P. R. China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao) Qingdao Shandong 266237 P. R. China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science Chinese Academy of Sciences Qingdao Shandong 266071 P. R. China
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Lv E, Li Y, Ding J, Qin W. Magnetic-Field-Driven Extraction of Bioreceptors into Polymeric Membranes for Label-Free Potentiometric Biosensing. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:2609-2613. [PMID: 33021005 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202011331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
We report here the concept of a magnetically controlled extraction of hydrophilic bioreceptors into polymeric membranes for bioassays. The potentiometric assay relies on the intrinsic charges of an antimicrobial peptide and its unique recognition abilities, which can eliminate the probe labeling and indicator addition. The target binding event could effectively prevent the extraction of the peptide into the polymeric membrane doped with an ion exchanger, thus resulting in a potential change. The potentiometric response properties of the peptide assembled on magnetic beads can be dynamically controlled and modulated by applying a magnetic field. Staphylococcus aureus, as a model of food-borne pathogens, was measured at levels down to 10 CFU mL-1 . Based on this sensing strategy, a potentiometric array was developed for the pattern recognition of bacteria. The proposed general platform can be used for potentiometric biosensing using other hydrophilic bioreceptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enguang Lv
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, YICCAS, Yantai, Shandong, 264003, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yanhong Li
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, YICCAS, Yantai, Shandong, 264003, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Jiawang Ding
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, YICCAS, Yantai, Shandong, 264003, P. R. China.,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, P. R. China.,Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, P. R. China
| | - Wei Qin
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, YICCAS, Yantai, Shandong, 264003, P. R. China.,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, P. R. China.,Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, P. R. China
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Vandevenne M, Dondelinger M, Yunus S, Freischels A, Freischels R, Crasson O, Rhazi N, Bogaerts P, Galleni M, Filée P. The Use of a β-lactamase-based Conductimetric Biosensor Assay to Detect Biomolecular Interactions. J Vis Exp 2018. [PMID: 29443069 DOI: 10.3791/55414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Biosensors are becoming increasingly important and implemented in various fields such as pathogen detection, molecular diagnosis, environmental monitoring, and food safety control. In this context, we used β-lactamases as efficient reporter enzymes in several protein-protein interaction studies. Furthermore, their ability to accept insertions of peptides or structured proteins/domains strongly encourages the use of these enzymes to generate chimeric proteins. In a recent study, we inserted a single-domain antibody fragment into the Bacillus licheniformis BlaP β-lactamase. These small domains, also called nanobodies, are defined as the antigen-binding domains of single chain antibodies from camelids. Like common double chain antibodies, they show high affinities and specificities for their targets. The resulting chimeric protein exhibited a high affinity against its target while retaining the β-lactamase activity. This suggests that the nanobody and β-lactamase moieties remain functional. In the present work, we report a detailed protocol that combines our hybrid β-lactamase system to the biosensor technology. The specific binding of the nanobody to its target can be detected thanks to a conductimetric measurement of the protons released by the catalytic activity of the enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sami Yunus
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanoscience, Catholic University of Louvain
| | | | | | | | | | - Pierre Bogaerts
- Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology, Catholic University of Louvain
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Ding J, Yu N, Wang X, Qin W. Sequential and Selective Detection of Two Molecules with a Single Solid-Contact Chronopotentiometric Ion-Selective Electrode. Anal Chem 2018; 90:1734-1739. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b03522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiawang Ding
- Key
Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation,
Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS); Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, YICCAS, Yantai, Shandong 264003, People’s Republic of China
| | - Nana Yu
- Department
of Environmental Sciences, Key Laboratory of Watershed Science and
Health of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuedong Wang
- Department
of Environmental Sciences, Key Laboratory of Watershed Science and
Health of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Qin
- Key
Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation,
Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS); Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, YICCAS, Yantai, Shandong 264003, People’s Republic of China
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Polyion oligonucleotide-decorated gold nanoparticles with tunable surface charge density for amplified signal output of potentiometric immunosensor. Anal Chim Acta 2017; 964:67-73. [PMID: 28351640 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2017.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Revised: 12/30/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Methods based on nanostructures have been developed for potentiometric immunosensors, but most involve low sensitivity or weak signal output and are unsuitable for routine use in diagnosis. Herein, we devise an in-situ signal-amplification strategy for enhanced electrical readout of potentiometric immunosensor toward target prostate-specific antigen (PSA, one kind of cancer biomarkers), based on polyion oligonucleotide-labeled gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). To decrease the background signal, monoclonal anti-human PSA capture antibody was covalently conjugated onto an activated glassy carbon electrode via typical carbodiimide coupling. AuNPs heavily functionalized with the polyion oligonucleotides and polyclonal anti-PSA detection antibodies (pAb2-AuNP-DNA) were utilized as the signal-generation nanotags. In the presence of target PSA, a sandwich-type immunoreaction was executed between capture antibody and detection antibody on the electrode. The detectable signal derived from the shift in the electric potential as a result of the change in the surface charge before and after the antigen-antibody reaction. With target PSA increased, the captured pAb2-AuNP-DNA to the electrode accompanying detection antibody increased, thereby resulting in the change of the electrode potential. Due to numerous polyion oligonucleotides with the negative charge, the signal readout amplified. Under the optimal conditions, the shift in the output potential was proportional to the logarithm of target PSA concentration and displayed a dynamic linear range from 0.05 to 20 ng mL-1 with a detection limit of 13.6 pg mL-1. An intermediate precision of ≤13.2% was accomplished with the batch-to-batch identification. The selectivity was acceptable. The method accuracy was evaluated for human serum specimens, and gave the consistent results between the potentiometric immunosensor and the referenced enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).
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He N, Papp S, Lindfors T, Höfler L, Latonen RM, Gyurcsányi RE. Pre-Polarized Hydrophobic Conducting Polymer Solid-Contact Ion-Selective Electrodes with Improved Potential Reproducibility. Anal Chem 2017; 89:2598-2605. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b04885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ning He
- Åbo Akademi University, Johan Gadolin Process
Chemistry Centre, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Laboratory of
Analytical Chemistry, Biskopsgatan 8, FIN-20500 Turku/Åbo, Finland
| | - Soma Papp
- Department
of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, MTA-BME “Lendület”
Chemical Nanosensors Research Group, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Szt. Gellért tér 4, 1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tom Lindfors
- Åbo Akademi University, Johan Gadolin Process
Chemistry Centre, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Laboratory of
Analytical Chemistry, Biskopsgatan 8, FIN-20500 Turku/Åbo, Finland
| | - Lajos Höfler
- Department
of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Szt. Gellért tér 4, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Rose-Marie Latonen
- Åbo Akademi University, Johan Gadolin Process
Chemistry Centre, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Laboratory of
Analytical Chemistry, Biskopsgatan 8, FIN-20500 Turku/Åbo, Finland
| | - Róbert E. Gyurcsányi
- Department
of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, MTA-BME “Lendület”
Chemical Nanosensors Research Group, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Szt. Gellért tér 4, 1111 Budapest, Hungary
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Signal Amplification in Field Effect-Based Sandwich Enzyme-Linked Immunosensing by Tuned Buffer Concentration with Ionic Strength Adjuster. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2016; 179:168-78. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-016-1986-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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He N, Gyurcsányi RE, Lindfors T. Electropolymerized hydrophobic polyazulene as solid-contacts in potassium-selective electrodes. Analyst 2016; 141:2990-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c5an02664d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Electropolymerized hydrophobic polyazulene based solid-contact potassium-selective electrodes have been characterized in terms of their suitability for potassium measurements in serum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning He
- Åbo Akademi University
- Faculty of Science and Engineering
- Johan Gadolin Process Chemistry Centre
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry
- FIN-20500 Turku/Åbo
| | - Róbert E. Gyurcsányi
- MTA-BME “Lendület” Chemical Nanosensors Research Group
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry
- Budapest University of Technology and Economics
- Budapest
- Hungary
| | - Tom Lindfors
- Åbo Akademi University
- Faculty of Science and Engineering
- Johan Gadolin Process Chemistry Centre
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry
- FIN-20500 Turku/Åbo
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Novel Prostate Specific Antigen plastic antibody designed with charged binding sites for an improved protein binding and its application in a biosensor of potentiometric transduction. Electrochim Acta 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2014.03.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Wang X, Yang Y, Li L, Sun M, Yin H, Qin W. A Polymeric Liquid Membrane Electrode Responsive to 3,3′,5,5′-Tetramethylbenzidine Oxidation for Sensitive Peroxidase/Peroxidase Mimetic-Based Potentiometric Biosensing. Anal Chem 2014; 86:4416-22. [DOI: 10.1021/ac500281r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xuewei Wang
- Key
Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation,
Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of
Sciences(CAS); Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental
Processes, YICCAS, Yantai, Shandong 264003, People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yangang Yang
- College
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong 264003, People’s Republic of China
| | - Long Li
- Key
Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation,
Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of
Sciences(CAS); Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental
Processes, YICCAS, Yantai, Shandong 264003, People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mingshuang Sun
- College
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong 264003, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haogen Yin
- College
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong 264003, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Qin
- Key
Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation,
Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of
Sciences(CAS); Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental
Processes, YICCAS, Yantai, Shandong 264003, People’s Republic of China
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Ding J, Wang X, Qin W. Pulsed galvanostatic control of a polymeric membrane ion-selective electrode for potentiometric immunoassays. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2013; 5:9488-9493. [PMID: 24015672 DOI: 10.1021/am402245f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Pulsed galvanostatic control of ion fluxes across polymeric membrane ion-selective electrodes (ISEs) is an emerging field for potentiometric sensing. Herein we report a novel potentiometric enzyme immunoassay based on current-controlled release of an enzyme substrate, which eliminates the addition of marker ions in the sample solution. In this method, the carboxylated poly(vinyl chloride) matrix at the outer layer of the ISE membrane is employed to attach a primary antibody. A sandwich immunoassay with an alkaline phosphatase labeled antibody (ALP-Ab) as the reporter is used for the determination of human IgG (as a model protein). The large difference between the lipophilicity of the substrate ion and that of the product ion allows p-nitrophenyl phosphate to be used as the enzyme substrate for potentiometric immunosensors. After the immunoreactions, the captured ALP-Ab catalyzes the hydrolysis of the substrate ions released at the sample-membrane interface by using the pulsed galvanostatic technique. This process can be potentiometrically determined by measuring the open circuit potential of the ISE. Under optimal conditions, the potential response of the proposed immunosensor is proportional to the concentration of human IgG in the range of 50-1000 ng/mL with a detection limit of 30 ng/mL (3σ). Owing to simplicity and independence of sample volume and sample turbidity, the proposed potentiometric immunoassay offers a viable alternative to those based on optical absorbance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawang Ding
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) , Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Environmental Processes, YICCAS, Yantai, Shandong 264003, P. R. China
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Prabhu A, Bobacka J, Ivaska A, Levon K. Investigation of Protein Binding With All Solid-State Ion-Selective Electrodes. ELECTROANAL 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201300071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Wang X, Qin W. Tetra(p-tolyl)borate-functionalized solvent polymeric membrane: a facile and sensitive sensing platform for peroxidase and peroxidase mimetics. Chemistry 2013; 19:9979-86. [PMID: 23852960 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201300284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2013] [Revised: 04/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The determination of peroxidase activities is the basis for enzyme-labeled bioaffinity assays, peroxidase-mimicking DNAzymes- and nanoparticles-based assays, and characterization of the catalytic functions of peroxidase mimetics. Here, a facile, sensitive, and cost-effective solvent polymeric membrane-based peroxidase detection platform is described that utilizes reaction intermediates with different pKa values from those of substrates and final products. Several key but long-debated intermediates in the peroxidative oxidation of o-phenylenediamine (o-PD) have been identified and their charge states have been estimated. By using a solvent polymeric membrane functionalized by an appropriate substituted tetraphenylborate as a receptor, those cationic intermediates could be transferred into the membrane from the aqueous phase to induce a large cationic potential response. Thus, the potentiometric indication of the o-PD oxidation catalyzed by peroxidase or its mimetics can be fulfilled. Horseradish peroxidase has been detected with a detection limit at least two orders of magnitude lower than those obtained by spectrophotometric techniques and traditional membrane-based methods. As an example of peroxidase mimetics, G-quadruplex DNAzymes were probed by the intermediate-sensitive membrane and a label-free thrombin detection protocol was developed based on the catalytic activity of the thrombin-binding G-quadruplex aptamer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuewei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone, Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), YICCAS, Yantai Shandong 264003, PR China
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Wang X, Ding Z, Ren Q, Qin W. Polymeric Membrane Neutral Phenol-Sensitive Electrodes for Potentiometric G-Quadruplex/Hemin DNAzyme-Based Biosensing. Anal Chem 2013; 85:1945-50. [DOI: 10.1021/ac3035629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xuewei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone
Environmental Processes, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research
(YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS);
Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Environmental Processes,
YICCAS, Yantai 264003, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Zhaofeng Ding
- College of Chemistry and Chemical
Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai
264003, P. R. China
| | - Qingwei Ren
- College of Chemistry and Chemical
Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai
264003, P. R. China
| | - Wei Qin
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone
Environmental Processes, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research
(YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS);
Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Environmental Processes,
YICCAS, Yantai 264003, P. R. China
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Makra I, Jágerszki G, Bitter I, Gyurcsányi RE. Nernst–Planck/Poisson model for the potential response of permselective gold nanopores. Electrochim Acta 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2012.02.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Wang X, Qin W. Reactive intermediates-induced potential responses of a polymeric membrane electrode for ultrasensitive potentiometric biosensing. Chem Commun (Camb) 2012; 48:4073-5. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cc31020a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Szűcs J, Gyurcsányi RE. Towards Protein Assays on Paper Platforms with Potentiometric Detection. ELECTROANAL 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201100522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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