1
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De Novo Synthesis of Polysubstituted 3-Hydroxypyridines Via “Anti-Wacker”-Type Cyclization. Catalysts 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/catal13020319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
We report an efficient method to prepare polysubstituted 3-hydroxypyridines from amino acids, propargyl alcohols, and arylboronic acids. The process involves Pd(0)-catalyzed anti-selective arylative cyclizations of N-propargyl-N-tosyl-aminoaldehydes with arylboronic acids (“anti-Wacker”-type cyclization), oxidation of the resulting 5-substituted-3-hydroxy-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridines to 3-oxo derivatives, and elimination of p-toluenesulfinic acid. This method provides diverse polysubstituted 3-hydroxypyridines, whose hydroxy group can be further substituted by a cross-coupling reaction via a triflate.
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2
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Salih AK, Raheem SJ, Garcia MD, Ahiahonu WK, Price EW. Design, Synthesis, and Evaluation of DFO-Em: A Modular Chelator with Octadentate Chelation for Optimal Zirconium-89 Radiochemistry. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:20964-20976. [PMID: 36516446 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c03442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Zirconium-89 has quickly become a favorite radionuclide among academics and clinicians for nuclear imaging. This radiometal has a relatively long half-life, which matches the biological half-life of most antibodies, suitable decay properties for positron emission tomography (PET), and efficient and affordable cyclotron production and purification. The "gold standard" chelator for [89Zr]Zr4+ is desferrioxamine B (DFO), and although it has been used both preclinically and clinically for immunoPET with great success, it has revealed its suboptimal stability in vivo. DFO can only bind to [89Zr]Zr4+ through its six available coordination sites made up by three hydroxamic acid (HA) moieties, which is not sufficient to saturate the coordination sphere (CN 7-8). In this study, we have designed, synthesized, and characterized a new octadentate chelator we have called DFO-Em, which is an improved derivative of our previously published dodecadentate chelator DFO2. This octadentate DFO-Em chelator is smaller than DFO2 but still satisfies the coordination sphere of zirconium-89 and forms a highly stable radiometal-chelator complex. DFO-Em was synthesized by tethering a hydroxamic acid monomer to commercially available DFO using glutamic acid as a linker, providing an octadentate chelator built on a modular amino acid-based synthesis platform. Radiolabeling performance and radiochemical stability of DFO-Em were assessed in vitro by serum stability, ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA), and hydroxyapatite challenges. Furthermore, [89Zr]Zr-(DFO-Em) and [89Zr]Zr-DFO were injected in healthy mice and measured in vivo by PET/CT imaging and ex vivo biodistribution. Additionally, the coordination of DFO-Em with Zr(IV) and its isomers was studied using density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The radiolabeling studies revealed that DFO-Em has a comparable radiolabeling profile to the gold standard chelator DFO. The in vitro stability evaluation showed that [89Zr]Zr-(DFO-Em) was significantly more stable than [89Zr]Zr-DFO, and in vivo both had similar clearance in healthy mice with a small decrease in tissue retention for [89Zr]Zr-(DFO-Em) at 24 h post injection. The DFT calculations also confirmed that Zr-(DFO-Em) can adopt highly stable 8-coordinate geometries, which along with NMR characterization suggest no fluxional behavior and the presence of a single isomer. The modular design of DFO-Em means that any natural or unnatural amino acid can be utilized as a linker to gain access to different chemistries (e.g., thiol, amine, carboxylic acid, azide) while retaining an identical coordination sphere to DFO-Em.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akam K Salih
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Science, University of Saskatchewan, 110 Science Place, S7N-5C9Saskatoon, SKCanada
| | - Shvan J Raheem
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Science, University of Saskatchewan, 110 Science Place, S7N-5C9Saskatoon, SKCanada
| | - Moralba Dominguez Garcia
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Science, University of Saskatchewan, 110 Science Place, S7N-5C9Saskatoon, SKCanada
| | - William K Ahiahonu
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Science, University of Saskatchewan, 110 Science Place, S7N-5C9Saskatoon, SKCanada
| | - Eric W Price
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Science, University of Saskatchewan, 110 Science Place, S7N-5C9Saskatoon, SKCanada
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3
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Cantin T, Morgenstern Y, Mingot A, Kornath A, Thibaudeau S. Evidence and exploitation of dicationic ammonium-nitrilium superelectrophiles: direct synthesis of unsaturated piperidinones. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:11110-11113. [PMID: 32812972 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc02910f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Exploiting superacid activation, the reactivity of aminonitriles was enhanced through the transient formation of highly reactive ammonium-nitrilium superelectrophiles. Demonstrated by using in situ low-temperature NMR experiments and confirmed by X-ray diffraction analysis, these dications can be intramolecularly trapped by non-activated alkenes to generate unsaturated piperidinones, including enantioenriched ones, in a straightforward way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Cantin
- Université de Poitiers, IC2MP UMR CNRS 7285/Superacid Group - Organic Synthesis Team/4 rue Michel Brunet, 86073 Poitiers cedex 9, France.
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4
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Yang K, Gao JJ, Luo SH, Wu HQ, Pang CM, Wang BW, Chen XY, Wang ZY. Quick construction of a C–N bond from arylsulfonyl hydrazides and Csp2–X compounds promoted by DMAP at room temperature. RSC Adv 2019; 9:19917-19923. [PMID: 35514736 PMCID: PMC9065325 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra03403j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
A mild C–N coupling reaction with arylsulfonyl hydrazides and 2(5H)-furanones shows good yields, excellent reaction regioselectivity and functional group tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Yang
- College of Pharmacy
- Gannan Medical University
- Ganzhou
- P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Environment
| | - Juan-Juan Gao
- College of Sports and Rehabilitation
- Gannan Medical University
- Ganzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Shi-He Luo
- School of Chemistry and Environment
- South China Normal University
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment
- Ministry of Education
- Guangzhou
| | - Han-Qing Wu
- School of Chemistry and Environment
- South China Normal University
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment
- Ministry of Education
- Guangzhou
| | - Chu-Ming Pang
- School of Chemistry and Environment
- South China Normal University
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment
- Ministry of Education
- Guangzhou
| | - Bo-Wen Wang
- School of Chemistry and Environment
- South China Normal University
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment
- Ministry of Education
- Guangzhou
| | - Xiao-Yun Chen
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering
- Jiangsu University of Science and Technology
- Zhenjiang
- P. R. China
| | - Zhao-Yang Wang
- School of Chemistry and Environment
- South China Normal University
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment
- Ministry of Education
- Guangzhou
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5
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Concise synthesis and antiproliferative activity evaluation of ellipticine quinone and its analogs. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 136:1-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.04.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Revised: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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6
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Grychowska K, Kubica B, Drop M, Colacino E, Bantreil X, Pawłowski M, Martinez J, Subra G, Zajdel P, Lamaty F. Application of the ring-closing metathesis to the formation of 2-aryl-1H-pyrrole-3-carboxylates as building blocks for biologically active compounds. Tetrahedron 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2016.09.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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7
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Barday M, Ho KYT, Halsall CT, Aïssa C. Regioselective Synthesis of 3-Hydroxy-4,5-alkyl-Substituted Pyridines Using 1,3-Enynes as Alkynes Surrogates. Org Lett 2016; 18:1756-9. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.6b00451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Barday
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZD, United Kingdom
| | - Kelvin Y. T. Ho
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZD, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher T. Halsall
- Oncology
Innovative Medicines Unit, AstraZeneca, Mereside, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire SK10 4TG, United Kingdom
| | - Christophe Aïssa
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZD, United Kingdom
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8
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Thakur A, Evangelista JL, Kumar P, Louie J. An in Situ Approach to Nickel-Catalyzed Cycloaddition of Alkynes and 3-Azetidinones. J Org Chem 2015; 80:9951-8. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b01458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Thakur
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South, 1400
East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112-0850, United States
| | - Judah L. Evangelista
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South, 1400
East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112-0850, United States
| | - Puneet Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South, 1400
East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112-0850, United States
| | - Janis Louie
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South, 1400
East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112-0850, United States
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9
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Wang C, Wu Z, Wang J, Liu J, Yao H, Lin A, Xu J. An efficient synthesis of 4-isochromanones via Parham-type cyclization with Weinreb amide. Tetrahedron 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2015.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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10
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Tatton M, Simpson I, Donohoe TJ. De novo synthesis of multisubstituted aryl amines using alkene cross metathesis. Org Lett 2014; 16:1920-3. [PMID: 24646289 PMCID: PMC3979090 DOI: 10.1021/ol500441q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The olefin cross-metathesis reaction allows rapid access to 1,5-dicarbonyl intermediates which, upon treatment with a primary or secondary amine, allow the synthesis of a range of multisubstituted carbocyclic aryl amines. This de novo arene synthesis yields nonclassical substitution patterns in a regioselective and predictable approach that is compatible with several functional groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew
R. Tatton
- Department
of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, U.K.
| | - Iain Simpson
- AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals, Mereside, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire, SK10 4TG, U.K.
| | - Timothy J. Donohoe
- Department
of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, U.K.
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11
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Donohoe TJ, Jones CR, Kornahrens AF, Barbosa LC, Walport LJ, Tatton MR, O’Hagan M, Rathi AH, Baker DB. Total synthesis of the antitumor antibiotic (±)-streptonigrin: first- and second-generation routes for de novo pyridine formation using ring-closing metathesis. J Org Chem 2013; 78:12338-50. [PMID: 24328139 PMCID: PMC3964827 DOI: 10.1021/jo402388f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
The total synthesis of (±)-streptonigrin, a potent tetracyclic aminoquinoline-5,8-dione antitumor antibiotic that reached phase II clinical trials in the 1970s, is described. Two routes to construct a key pentasubstituted pyridine fragment are depicted, both relying on ring-closing metathesis but differing in the substitution and complexity of the precursor to cyclization. Both routes are short and high yielding, with the second-generation approach ultimately furnishing (±)-streptonigrin in 14 linear steps and 11% overall yield from inexpensive ethyl glyoxalate. This synthesis will allow for the design and creation of druglike late-stage natural product analogues to address pharmacological limitations. Furthermore, assessment of a number of chiral ligands in a challenging asymmetric Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reaction has enabled enantioenriched (up to 42% ee) synthetic streptonigrin intermediates to be prepared for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J. Donohoe
- Department
of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher R. Jones
- Department
of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Anne F. Kornahrens
- Department
of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Luiz C.
A. Barbosa
- Department
of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
- Department
of Chemistry, Federal University of Minas
Gerais, A. Pres Antônio
Carlos 6627, Campus Pampulha, CEP 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Louise J. Walport
- Department
of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew R. Tatton
- Department
of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Michael O’Hagan
- Department
of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Akshat H. Rathi
- Department
of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - David B. Baker
- Department
of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
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12
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Satasia SP, Kalaria PN, Raval DK. Acidic ionic liquid immobilized on cellulose: an efficient and recyclable heterogeneous catalyst for the solvent-free synthesis of hydroxylated trisubstituted pyridines. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra23052j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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13
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Mac DH, Sattar A, Chandrasekhar S, Yadav JS, Grée R. Synthesis of new 4-methyl-3-piperidones via an iron-catalyzed intramolecular tandem isomerization–aldolisation process. Tetrahedron 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2012.08.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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14
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Ishida N, Yuhki T, Murakami M. Synthesis of Enantiopure Dehydropiperidinones from α-Amino Acids and Alkynes via Azetidin-3-ones. Org Lett 2012; 14:3898-901. [DOI: 10.1021/ol3016447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Ishida
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Kyoto University, Katsura, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Yuhki
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Kyoto University, Katsura, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Masahiro Murakami
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Kyoto University, Katsura, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
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15
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16
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Ho KYT, Aïssa C. Regioselective Cycloaddition of 3-Azetidinones and 3-Oxetanones with Alkynes through Nickel-Catalysed Carbon-Carbon Bond Activation. Chemistry 2012; 18:3486-9. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201200167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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17
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Schmidt B, Krehl S, Jablowski E. Assisted tandem catalytic RCM-aromatization in the synthesis of pyrroles and furans. Org Biomol Chem 2012; 10:5119-30. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ob25543j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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18
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Donohoe TJ, Bower JF, Chan LKM. Olefin cross-metathesis for the synthesis of heteroaromatic compounds. Org Biomol Chem 2012; 10:1322-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ob06659a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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19
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Donohoe TJ, Pullin RDC. Natural product synthesis as a challenging test of newly developed methodology. Chem Commun (Camb) 2012; 48:11924-38. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cc36040c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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20
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Chen MZ, Micalizio GC. Three-component coupling sequence for the regiospecific synthesis of substituted pyridines. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 134:1352-6. [PMID: 22103772 DOI: 10.1021/ja2105703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A de novo synthesis of substituted pyridines is described that proceeds through nucleophilic addition of a dithiane anion to an α,β-unsaturated carbonyl followed by metallacycle-mediated union of the resulting allylic alcohol with preformed trimethylsilane-imines (generated in situ by the low-temperature reaction of lithium hexamethyldisilazide with an aldehyde) and Ag(I)- or Hg(II)-mediated ring closure. The process is useful for the convergent assembly of di- through penta-substituted pyridines with complete regiochemical control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Z Chen
- Kellogg School of Science and Technology at The Scripps Research Institute, The Scripps Research Institute, Scripps Florida, Jupiter, Florida 33458, USA
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21
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Donohoe TJ, Jones CR, Barbosa LCA. Total Synthesis of (±)-Streptonigrin: De Novo Construction of a Pentasubstituted Pyridine using Ring-Closing Metathesis. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:16418-21. [DOI: 10.1021/ja207835w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J. Donohoe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Christopher R. Jones
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Luiz C. A. Barbosa
- Department of Chemistry, Universidade Federal de Vicosa, Vicosa 36570-000, MG, Brazil
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22
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Linder I, Gerhard M, Schefzig L, Andrä M, Bentz C, Reissig HU, Zimmer R. A Modular Synthesis of Functionalized Pyridines through Lewis-Acid-Mediated and Microwave-Assisted Cycloadditions between Azapyrylium Intermediates and Alkynes. European J Org Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201100765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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23
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Eidamshaus C, Reissig HU. A Chiral Pool Strategy for the Synthesis of Enantiopure Hydroxymethyl-Substituted Pyridine Derivatives. European J Org Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201100681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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24
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Donohoe TJ, Basutto JA, Bower JF, Rathi A. Heteroaromatic Synthesis via Olefin Cross-Metathesis: Entry to Polysubstituted Pyridines. Org Lett 2011; 13:1036-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ol103088r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J. Donohoe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - José A. Basutto
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - John F. Bower
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Akshat Rathi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, U.K
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25
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Donohoe TJ, Bower JF, Baker DB, Basutto JA, Chan LKM, Gallagher P. Synthesis of 2,4,6-trisubstituted pyridines via an olefin cross-metathesis/Heck–cyclisation–elimination sequence. Chem Commun (Camb) 2011; 47:10611-3. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cc14257g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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26
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Herndon JW. The chemistry of the carbon–transition metal double and triple bond: Annual survey covering the year 2009. Coord Chem Rev 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2010.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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27
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Donohoe TJ, Bower JF, Basutto JA. Olefin cross-metathesis–based approaches to furans: procedures for the preparation of di- and trisubstituted variants. Nat Protoc 2010; 5:2005-10. [DOI: 10.1038/nprot.2010.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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28
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Chen JH, Liu SR, Chen K. An efficient and convenient synthesis of ethyl 1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-5-phenyl-1H-1,2,3-triazole-4-carboxylate. Chem Asian J 2010; 5:328-33. [PMID: 20029887 DOI: 10.1002/asia.200900320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The "click chemistry" of using organic azides and terminal alkynes is arguably the most efficient and straightforward route to the synthesis of 1,2,3-triazoles. In this paper, an alternative and direct access to ethyl 1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-5-phenyl-1H-1,2,3-triazole-4-carboxylate is described. Treatment of ethyl diazoacetate with 4-methoxyaniline derived aryl imines in the presence of 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene provided fully substituted 1,2,3-triazoles in good to high chemical yields. The base-mediated reaction tolerates various substituted phenyl imines as well as ethyl diazoacetate or the more bulky diazoacetamide. A reasonable mechanism is proposed that involves the addition of an imine nitrogen atom to the terminal nitrogen atom of the diazo compound, followed by aromatization to give the 1,2,3-triazole. The presence of the 4-carboxy group is advantageous as it can be easily transformed into other functional groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Hsuan Chen
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan 116, ROC
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29
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Donohoe TJ, Bower JF. An expedient route to substituted furans via olefin cross-metathesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2010; 107:3373-6. [PMID: 20142508 PMCID: PMC2840463 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0913466107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The olefin cross-metathesis (CM) reaction is used extensively in organic chemistry and represents a powerful method for the selective synthesis of differentially substituted alkene products. Surprisingly, efforts to integrate this remarkable process into strategies for aromatic and heteroaromatic construction have not been reported. Such structures represent key elements of the majority of small molecule drug compounds; methods for the controlled preparation of highly substituted derivatives are essential to medicinal chemistry. Here we show that the olefin CM reaction, in combination with an acid cocatalyst or subsequent Heck arylation, provides a concise and flexible entry to 2,5-di- or 2,3,5-tri-substituted furans. These cascade processes portend further opportunities for the regiocontrolled preparation of other highly substituted aromatic and heteroaromatic classes.
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van Otterlo WAL, de Koning CB. Metathesis in the synthesis of aromatic compounds. Chem Rev 2009; 109:3743-82. [PMID: 19618929 DOI: 10.1021/cr900178p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 247] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Willem A L van Otterlo
- Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, PO Wits 2050, South Africa.
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Ring-closing metathesis for the synthesis of heteroaromatics: evaluating routes to pyridines and pyridazines. Tetrahedron 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2009.07.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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