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Alešković M, Šekutor M. Overcoming barriers with non-covalent interactions: supramolecular recognition of adamantyl cucurbit[ n]uril assemblies for medical applications. RSC Med Chem 2024; 15:433-471. [PMID: 38389878 PMCID: PMC10880950 DOI: 10.1039/d3md00596h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Adamantane, a staple in medicinal chemistry, recently became a cornerstone of a supramolecular host-guest drug delivery system, ADA/CB[n]. Owing to a good fit between the adamantane cage and the host cavity of the cucurbit[n]uril macrocycle, formed strong inclusion complexes find applications in drug delivery and controlled drug release. Note that the cucurbit[n]uril host is not solely a delivery vehicle of the ADA/CB[n] system but rather influences the bioactivity and bioavailability of drug molecules and can tune drug properties. Namely, as host-guest interactions are capable of changing the intrinsic properties of the guest molecule, inclusion complexes can become more soluble, bioavailable and more resistant to metabolic conditions compared to individual non-complexed molecules. Such synergistic effects have implications for practical bioapplicability of this complex system and provide a new viewpoint to therapy, beyond the traditional single drug molecule approach. By achieving a balance between guest encapsulation and release, the ADA/CB[n] system has also found use beyond just drug delivery, in fields like bioanalytics, sensing assays, bioimaging, etc. Thus, chemosensing in physiological conditions, indicator displacement assays, in vivo diagnostics and hybrid nanostructures are just some recent examples of the ADA/CB[n] applicability, be it for displacements purposes or as cargo vehicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marija Alešković
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute Bijenička 54 10 000 Zagreb Croatia
| | - Marina Šekutor
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute Bijenička 54 10 000 Zagreb Croatia
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2
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Heravi T, Arslanian AJ, Johnson SD, Dearden DV. Ion Mobility and Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Collision Cross Section Techniques Yield Long-Range and Hard-Sphere Results, Respectively. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2022; 33:1644-1652. [PMID: 35960880 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.2c00112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We determined collision cross section (CCS) values for singly and doubly charged cucurbit[n]uril (n = 5-7), decamethylcucurbit[5]uril, and cyclohexanocucurbit[5]uril complexes of alkali metal cations (Li+-Cs+). These hosts are relatively rigid. CCS values calculated using the projection approximation (PA) for computationally modeled structures of a given host are nearly identical for +1 and +2 complexes, with weak metal ion dependence, whereas trajectory method (TM) calculations of CCS for the same structures consistently yield values 7-10% larger for the +2 complexes than for the corresponding +1 complexes and little metal ion dependence. Experimentally, we measured relative CCS values in SF6 for pairs of +1 and +2 complexes of the cucurbituril hosts using the cross-sectional areas by Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance ("CRAFTI") method. At center-of-mass collision energies <∼30 eV, CRAFTI CCS values are sensitive to the relative binding energies in the +1 and +2 complexes, but at collision energies >∼40 eV (sufficient that ion decoherence occurs on essentially every collision) that dependence is not evident. Consistent with the PA calculations, these experiments found that the +2 complex ions have CCS values ranging between 94 and 105% of those of their +1 counterparts (increasing with metal ion size). In contrast, but consistent with the TM CCS calculations, ion mobility measurements of the same complexes at close to thermal energies in much less polarizable N2 find the CCS of +2 complexes to be in all cases 9-12% larger than those of the corresponding +1 complexes, with little metal ion dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Heravi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602-1030, United States
| | - Andrew J Arslanian
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602-1030, United States
| | - Spencer D Johnson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602-1030, United States
| | - David V Dearden
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602-1030, United States
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Supramolecular self-assembly based on Cucurbit[8]urils with sulfanilamide and sulfamethoxazole. J CHEM SCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12039-021-02017-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Zhang L, Zheng J, Luo G, Li X, Zhang Y, Tao Z, Zhang Q. Host-guest interaction and properties of cucurbit[8]uril with chloramphenicol. Beilstein J Org Chem 2021; 17:2832-2839. [PMID: 34925622 PMCID: PMC8649205 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.17.194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The interaction between cucurbit[8]uril (Q[8]) and chloramphenicol (CPE) was investigated using single-crystal X-ray diffraction spectroscopy, isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) and UV–vis, NMR and IR spectroscopy. The effects of Q[8] on the stability, in vitro release performance and antibacterial activity of CPE were also studied. The results showed that CPE and Q[8] formed a 1:1 inclusion complex (CPE@Q[8]) with an inclusion constant of 5.474 × 105 L/mol. The intervention of Q[8] did not affect the stability of CPE, but obviously reduced the release rate of CPE in artificial gastric and intestinal juice; Q[8] has a slow-release effect on CPE. The antibacterial results showed that the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of CPE and CPE@Q[8] toward Escherichia coli (E. coli) was 1.5 × 10–3 and 1.0 × 10–3 mol/L, respectively, and toward Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), the MIC was 2.0 × 10–3 mol/L for both CPE and CPE@Q[8]. Therefore, Q[8] enhanced the inhibitory activity of CPE against E. coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Macrocyclic and Supramolecular Chemistry of Guizhou Province, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Jun Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Macrocyclic and Supramolecular Chemistry of Guizhou Province, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Guangyan Luo
- Key Laboratory of Macrocyclic and Supramolecular Chemistry of Guizhou Province, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Xiaoyue Li
- Key Laboratory of Macrocyclic and Supramolecular Chemistry of Guizhou Province, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Yunqian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Macrocyclic and Supramolecular Chemistry of Guizhou Province, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Zhu Tao
- Key Laboratory of Macrocyclic and Supramolecular Chemistry of Guizhou Province, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Qianjun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Macrocyclic and Supramolecular Chemistry of Guizhou Province, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
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Zaboli M, Raissi H. A combined molecular dynamics simulation and quantum mechanics study on mercaptopurine interaction with the cucurbit [6,7] urils: Analysis of electronic structure. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2018; 188:647-658. [PMID: 28793280 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2017.07.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2017] [Revised: 07/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/30/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In the current study, the probability of complex formation between mercaptopurine drug with cucurbit[6]urils and cucurbit[7]urils has been investigated. The calculations for geometry optimization of complexes have been carried out by means of DFT (B3LYP), DFT-D (B3LYP-D) and M06-2X methods. The Atoms In Molecules (AIM), Natural Bond Orbital (NBO), NMR, the density of states (DOSs) and frontier molecular orbital (MO) analyses have been done on the inclusion complexes. In addition, the UV-Vis spectra of the first eight states have been obtained by CAM-B3LYP/TD-DFT calculation. The obtained results of the complexation process reveal that CB[7]-DRG complexes are more favorable than that of CB[6]-DRG interactions. Furthermore, our theoretical results show that configurations III and I are the most stable configurations related to the CB[6]/DRG and CB[7]/DRG interactions, respectively. The positive ∇2ρ(r) and HC values at the bond critical points indicate that exist the weak H-bonds between CB[6] and CB[7] with H atoms of the drug molecule. The obtained negative binding energy values of CB[7]-DRG interaction in solution phase show the stability of these complexes in the aqueous medium. Also, all of the observed parameters of molecular dynamics simulation such as the number of contacts, hydrogen bonding, center-of-mass distance and van der Waals energy values confirm the encapsulation of mercaptopurine molecule inside the cucurbit[7]urils cavity at about 3.2ns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Zaboli
- Department of chemistry, University of Birjand, Birjand 7761676334, Iran.
| | - Heidar Raissi
- Department of chemistry, University of Birjand, Birjand 7761676334, Iran.
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Karimi M, Zangabad PS, Mehdizadeh F, Malekzad H, Ghasemi A, Bahrami S, Zare H, Moghoofei M, Hekmatmanesh A, Hamblin MR. Nanocaged platforms: modification, drug delivery and nanotoxicity. Opening synthetic cages to release the tiger. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:1356-1392. [PMID: 28067384 PMCID: PMC5300024 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr07315h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Nanocages (NCs) have emerged as a new class of drug-carriers, with a wide range of possibilities in multi-modality medical treatments and theranostics. Nanocages can overcome such limitations as high toxicity caused by anti-cancer chemotherapy or by the nanocarrier itself, due to their unique characteristics. These properties consist of: (1) a high loading-capacity (spacious interior); (2) a porous structure (analogous to openings between the bars of the cage); (3) enabling smart release (a key to unlock the cage); and (4) a low likelihood of unfavorable immune responses (the outside of the cage is safe). In this review, we cover different classes of NC structures such as virus-like particles (VLPs), protein NCs, DNA NCs, supramolecular nanosystems, hybrid metal-organic NCs, gold NCs, carbon-based NCs and silica NCs. Moreover, NC-assisted drug delivery including modification methods, drug immobilization, active targeting, and stimulus-responsive release mechanisms are discussed, highlighting the advantages, disadvantages and challenges. Finally, translation of NCs into clinical applications, and an up-to-date assessment of the nanotoxicology considerations of NCs are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Karimi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Parham Sahandi Zangabad
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology (RCPN), Tabriz University of Medical Science (TUOMS), Tabriz, Iran
- Advanced Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine Research Group (ANNRG), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, 11365-9466, Tehran, Iran
- Nanomedicine Research Association (NRA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Hedieh Malekzad
- Advanced Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine Research Group (ANNRG), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Faculty of Chemistry, Kharazmi University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Ghasemi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, 11365-9466, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sajad Bahrami
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Zare
- Biomaterials Group, Materials Science & Engineering Department, Iran University of Science & Technology, P.O. Box 1684613114 Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Moghoofei
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amin Hekmatmanesh
- Laboratory of Intelligent Machines, Lappeenranta University of Technology, 53810, Finland
| | - Michael R Hamblin
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
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8
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Ma X, Zhao Y. Biomedical Applications of Supramolecular Systems Based on Host–Guest Interactions. Chem Rev 2014; 115:7794-839. [DOI: 10.1021/cr500392w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 792] [Impact Index Per Article: 79.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xing Ma
- Division
of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical
Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Yanli Zhao
- Division
of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical
Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
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Oun R, Plumb JA, Wheate NJ. A cisplatin slow-release hydrogel drug delivery system based on a formulation of the macrocycle cucurbit[7]uril, gelatin and polyvinyl alcohol. J Inorg Biochem 2014; 134:100-5. [PMID: 24595010 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2014.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2013] [Revised: 02/07/2014] [Accepted: 02/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The anticancer drug cisplatin was encapsulated within the cucurbit[7]uril macrocycle to form the host-guest complex: cisplatin@CB[7]. This was then incorporated into gelatin and 0-4% w/v polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-based hydrogels as slow release drug delivery vehicles. The hydrogels demonstrated predicable swelling and disintegration dependent on the PVA concentration. The hydrogel with the highest PVA content was slower to swell and release drug compared with lower concentrations of PVA. The effect of the hydrogel PVA concentration on in vitro cytotoxicity was examined using A2780/CP70 ovarian cancer cells. Over the 24h drug exposure time used, hydrogels containing 4% PVA showed a 20% decrease in viable cells compared to the control, whereas hydrogels containing 0% and 2% PVA induced an 80% and 45% inhibition of cell growth, respectively. There was no measurable difference in the in vitro cytotoxicity of free cisplatin and cisplatin@CB[7] containing hydrogels. Finally, the in vivo effectiveness of a 2%-PVA hydrogel implanted under the skin of nude mice bearing A2780/CP70 xenografts showed that low dose hydrogels containing cisplatin@CB[7] (30 μg equivalent of drug) was just as effective as an intraperitoneal high dose administration of free cisplatin (150 μg) at inhibiting tumour growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabbab Oun
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0RE, United Kingdom
| | - Jane A Plumb
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Cancer Research UK Beatson Laboratories, Garscube Estate, Glasgow G61 1BD, United Kingdom
| | - Nial J Wheate
- Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
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Huang Y, Hu QH, Song GX, Tao Z, Xue SF, Zhu QJ, Zhou QD, Wei G. Cucurbit[7,8]urils binding to gefitinib and the effect of complex formation on the solubility and dissolution rate of the drug. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra45017a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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11
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12
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Brown SD, Plumb JA, Johnston BF, Wheate NJ. Folding of dinuclear platinum anticancer complexes within the cavity of para-sulphonatocalix[4]arene. Inorganica Chim Acta 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2012.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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13
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Huang Y, Fu XZ, Xue SF, Tao Z, Zhu QJ, Wei G. Encapsulation of adefovir bis(l-leucine propyl)ester pro-virucide in cucurbit[7]uril and its activity against tobacco mosaic virus. Supramol Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/10610278.2012.740045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Huang
- a The Engineering and Research Center for Southwest Bio-Pharmaceutical Resources of National Education Ministry of China, Guizhou University , Guiyang , 550025 , P.R. China
- b Key Laboratory of Macrocyclic and Supramolecular Chemistry of Guizhou Province, Guizhou University , Guiyang , 550025 , P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Zhong Fu
- c School of Pharmacy, Guiyang Medical College , Guiyang , 550004 , P.R. China
| | - Sai-Feng Xue
- b Key Laboratory of Macrocyclic and Supramolecular Chemistry of Guizhou Province, Guizhou University , Guiyang , 550025 , P.R. China
| | - Zhu Tao
- b Key Laboratory of Macrocyclic and Supramolecular Chemistry of Guizhou Province, Guizhou University , Guiyang , 550025 , P.R. China
| | - Qian-Jiang Zhu
- b Key Laboratory of Macrocyclic and Supramolecular Chemistry of Guizhou Province, Guizhou University , Guiyang , 550025 , P.R. China
| | - Gang Wei
- d CSIRO Materials Science and Engineering , P.O. Box 218, Lindfield , NSW , 2070 , Australia
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Ghosh I, Nau WM. The strategic use of supramolecular pK(a) shifts to enhance the bioavailability of drugs. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2012; 64:764-83. [PMID: 22326487 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2012.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 256] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2011] [Revised: 01/19/2012] [Accepted: 01/27/2012] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Macrocyclic hosts of the cyclodextrin, sulfonatocalixarene, and cucurbituril type can be employed as discrete supramolecular drug delivery systems, thereby complementing existing supramolecular drug formulation strategies based on polymers, hydrogels, liposomes, and related microheterogeneous systems. Cucurbiturils, in particular, stand out in that they do not only provide a hydrophobic cavity to encapsulate the drug in the form of a host-guest complex, but in that they possess cation-receptor properties, which favor the encapsulation of protonated drugs over their unprotonated forms, resulting in pronounced pK(a) shifts up to 5 units. These pK(a) shifts can be rationally exploited to activate prodrug molecules, to stabilize the active form of drug molecules, to enhance their solubility, and to increase their degree of ionization, factors which can jointly serve to enhance the bioavailability of drugs, particularly weakly basic ones. Additionally, macrocycles can serve to increase the chemical stability of drugs by protecting them against reactions with nucleophiles (e.g., thiols) and electrophiles, by increasing their photostability, and by causing a higher thermal stability in the solid state. Detailed examples of the different effects of macrocyclic encapsulation of drugs and the associated pK(a) shifts are provided and discussed. Other important considerations, namely a potential lowering of the bioactivity of drugs by macrocyclic complexation, interferences of the macrocycles with biocatalytic processes, the toxicity of the macrocyclic host molecules, and problems and opportunities related to a targeted release and the rate of release of the drug from the host-guest complexes are critically evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indrajit Ghosh
- School of Engineering and Science, Jacobs University Bremen, D-28759 Bremen, Germany
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Iali W, Petrović P, Pfeffer M, Grimme S, Djukic JP. The inhibition of iridium-promoted water oxidation catalysis (WOC) by cucurbit[n]urils. Dalton Trans 2012; 41:12233-43. [DOI: 10.1039/c2dt31363d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Masson E, Ling X, Joseph R, Kyeremeh-Mensah L, Lu X. Cucurbituril chemistry: a tale of supramolecular success. RSC Adv 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c1ra00768h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 768] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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Lei W, Zhou Q, Jiang G, Hou Y, Zhang B, Cheng X, Wang X. Host-Guest Interaction of Hoechst 34580 and Cucurbit[7]uril. Chemphyschem 2011; 12:2933-40. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201100495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2011] [Revised: 08/06/2011] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Zhang H, Huang Y, Xue SF, Tao Z, Zhu QJ. Host–guest interactions of 6-benzyladenine with normal and modified cucurbituril: 1H NMR, UV absorption spectroscopy and phase solubility methods. Supramol Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/10610278.2011.563856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zhang
- a Key Laboratory of Macrocyclic and Supramolecular Chemistry of Guizhou Province, Guizhou University , Guiyang , 550025 , P.R. China
| | - Ying Huang
- a Key Laboratory of Macrocyclic and Supramolecular Chemistry of Guizhou Province, Guizhou University , Guiyang , 550025 , P.R. China
| | - Sai-Feng Xue
- a Key Laboratory of Macrocyclic and Supramolecular Chemistry of Guizhou Province, Guizhou University , Guiyang , 550025 , P.R. China
| | - Zhu Tao
- b Institute of Applied Chemistry, Guizhou University , Guiyang , 550025 , P.R. China
| | - Qiang-Jiang Zhu
- a Key Laboratory of Macrocyclic and Supramolecular Chemistry of Guizhou Province, Guizhou University , Guiyang , 550025 , P.R. China
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Macartney DH. Encapsulation of Drug Molecules by Cucurbiturils: Effects on their Chemical Properties in Aqueous Solution. Isr J Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.201100040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Miskolczy Z, Megyesi M, Tárkányi G, Mizsei R, Biczók L. Inclusion complex formation of sanguinarine alkaloid with cucurbit[7]uril: inhibition of nucleophilic attack and photooxidation. Org Biomol Chem 2010; 9:1061-70. [PMID: 21152661 DOI: 10.1039/c0ob00666a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The inclusion of sanguinarine, a biologically active natural benzophenanthridine alkaloid, in cucurbit[7]uril (CB7) was studied by NMR and ground-state absorption spectroscopy, as well as steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence measurements in aqueous solution. The iminium form of sanguinarine (SA(+)) produces very stable 1 : 1 inclusion complex with CB7 (K = 1.0 × 10(6) M(-1)), whereas the equilibrium constant for the binding of the second CB7 is about 3 orders of magnitude smaller. Marked fluorescence quantum yield and fluorescence lifetime enhancements are found upon encapsulation of SA(+) due to the deceleration of the radiationless deactivation from the single-excited state, but the fluorescent properties of 1 : 1 and 1 : 2 complexes barely differ. The equilibrium between the iminium and alkanolamine forms is shifted 3.69 pK unit upon addition of CB7 as a consequence of the preferential encapsulation of the iminium form and the protection of the 6 position of sanguinarine against the nucleophilic attack by hydroxide anion. On the basis of thermodynamic cycle, about 225 M(-1) is estimated for the equilibrium constant of the complexation between the alkanolamine form of sanguinarine (SAOH) and CB7. The confinement in the CB7 macrocycle can be used to impede the nucleophilic addition of OH(-) to SA(+) and to hinder the photooxidation of SAOH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsombor Miskolczy
- Chemical Research Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 17, 1525, Budapest, Hungary
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Walker S, Kaur R, McInnes FJ, Wheate NJ. Synthesis, processing and solid state excipient interactions of cucurbit[6]uril and its formulation into tablets for oral drug delivery. Mol Pharm 2010; 7:2166-72. [PMID: 20669974 DOI: 10.1021/mp100191b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis, processing, and solid state excipient interactions of cucurbit[6]uril (CB[6]) and its formulation into oral tablets has been examined using a range of physical chemistry techniques. Rapid precipitation from HCl by the addition of water yields microcrystalline CB[6] with smaller and more consistent particle size (30-165 μm) compared with the sieved CB[6] (50-540 μm) produced from large crystals grown by slow evaporation from HCl. The microcrystalline particles also contain fewer water molecules in the crystal compared with the sieved particles: 10 and 16% respectively. Microcrystalline CB[6] can be formulated into tablets suitable for oral delivery with a CB[6] content of 1-50% w/w, with the other excipients including lactose, talc, Avicel, magnesium stearate and Ac-Di-Sol. In the solid state microcrystalline CB[6] does not interact significantly with the talc, Ac-Di-Sol or Avicel, but significant interactions are observed when mixed or ground with either magnesium stearate or lactose, resulting in the lowering of the melting points of both excipients. This work represents the first study of the physical processing and solid state chemistry of CB[n]s for pharmaceutical formulation and represents an important development step in the use of CB[n]s as drug delivery vehicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shonagh Walker
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, John Arbuthnott Building, 27 Taylor Street, Glasgow G4 0NR, United Kingdom
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Goldoni L, Grugni M, De Munari S, Cassin M, Bernardini R. Cucurbit[7]uril Inclusion Complexes of Platinum(II)-based Anticancer Drugs: Further Insight. CHEM LETT 2010. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.2010.676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Wheate NJ, Vora V, Anthony NG, McInnes FJ. Host–guest complexes of the antituberculosis drugs pyrazinamide and isoniazid with cucurbit[7]uril. J INCL PHENOM MACRO 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s10847-010-9795-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Hettiarachchi G, Nguyen D, Wu J, Lucas D, Ma D, Isaacs L, Briken V. Toxicology and drug delivery by cucurbit[n]uril type molecular containers. PLoS One 2010; 5:e10514. [PMID: 20463906 PMCID: PMC2865549 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0010514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2010] [Accepted: 04/13/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many drug delivery systems are based on the ability of certain macrocyclic compounds - such as cyclodextrins (CDs) - to act as molecular containers for pharmaceutical agents in water. Indeed beta-CD and its derivatives have been widely used in the formulation of hydrophobic pharmaceuticals despite their poor abilities to act as a molecular container (e.g., weak binding (K(a)<10(4) M(-1)) and their challenges toward chemical functionalization. Cucurbit[n]urils (CB[n]) are a class of molecular containers that bind to a variety of cationic and neutral species with high affinity (K(a)>10(4) M(-1)) and therefore show great promise as a drug delivery system. METHODOLOGY In this study we investigated the toxicology, uptake, and bioactivity of two cucurbit[n]urils (CB[5] and CB[7]) and three CB[n]-type containers (Pentamer 1, methyl hexamer 2, and phenyl hexamer 3). All five containers demonstrated high cell tolerance at concentrations of up to 1 mM in cell lines originating from kidney, liver or blood tissue using assays for metabolic activity and cytotoxicity. Furthermore, the CB[7] molecular container was efficiently internalized by macrophages indicating their potential for the intracellular delivery of drugs. Bioactivity assays showed that the first-line tuberculosis drug, ethambutol, was as efficient in treating mycobacteria infected macrophages when loaded into CB[7] as when given in the unbound form. This result suggests that CB[7]-bound drug molecules can be released from the container to find their intracellular target. CONCLUSION Our study reveals very low toxicity of five members of the cucurbit[n]uril family of nanocontainers. It demonstrates the uptake of containers by cells and intracellular release of container-loaded drugs. These results provide initial proof-of-concept towards the use of CB[n] molecular containers as an advanced drug delivery system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaya Hettiarachchi
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Duc Nguyen
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jing Wu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Derick Lucas
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Da Ma
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Lyle Isaacs
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Volker Briken
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America
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Uzunova VD, Cullinane C, Brix K, Nau WM, Day AI. Toxicity of cucurbit[7]uril and cucurbit[8]uril: an exploratory in vitro and in vivo study. Org Biomol Chem 2010; 8:2037-42. [DOI: 10.1039/b925555a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 305] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Kennedy AR, Florence AJ, McInnes FJ, Wheate NJ. A chemical preformulation study of a host–guest complex of cucurbit[7]uril and a multinuclear platinum agent for enhanced anticancer drug delivery. Dalton Trans 2009:7695-700. [DOI: 10.1039/b907917c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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