1
|
Seed JA, Vondung L, Adams RW, Wooles AJ, Lu E, Liddle ST. Mesoionic Carbene Complexes of Uranium(IV) and Thorium(IV). Organometallics 2022; 41:1353-1363. [PMID: 36157256 PMCID: PMC9490841 DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.2c00120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We report the synthesis and characterization of uranium(IV) and thorium(IV) mesoionic carbene complexes [An{N(SiMe3)2}2(CH2SiMe2NSiMe3){MIC}] (An = U, 4U and Th, 4Th; MIC = {CN(Me)C(Me)N(Me)CH}), which represent rare examples of actinide mesoionic carbene linkages and the first example of a thorium mesoionic carbene complex. Complexes 4U and 4Th were prepared via a C-H activation intramolecular cyclometallation reaction of actinide halides, with concomitant formal 1,4-proton migration of an N-heterocyclic olefin (NHO). Quantum chemical calculations suggest that the An-carbene bond comprises only a σ-component, in contrast to the uranium(III) analogue [U{N(SiMe3)2}3(MIC)] (1) where computational studies suggested that the 5f3 uranium(III) ion engages in a weak one-electron π-backbond to the MIC. This highlights the varying nature of actinide-MIC bonding as a function of actinide oxidation state. In solution, 4Th exists in equilibrium with the Th(IV) metallacycle [Th{N(SiMe3)2}2(CH2SiMe2NSiMe3)] (6Th) and free NHO (3). The thermodynamic parameters of this equilibrium were probed using variable-temperature NMR spectroscopy yielding an entropically favored but enthalpically endothermic process with an overall reaction free energy of ΔG 298.15K = 0.89 kcal mol-1. Energy decomposition analysis (EDA-NOCV) of the actinide-carbon bonds in 4U and 4Th reveals that the former is enthalpically stronger and more covalent than the latter, which accounts for the respective stabilities of these two complexes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John A. Seed
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
| | - Lisa Vondung
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
| | - Ralph W. Adams
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
| | - Ashley J. Wooles
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
| | - Erli Lu
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
| | - Stephen T. Liddle
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Goodwin CAP, Wooles AJ, Murillo J, Lu E, Boronski JT, Scott BL, Gaunt AJ, Liddle ST. Carbene Complexes of Neptunium. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:9764-9774. [PMID: 35609882 PMCID: PMC9490846 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c02152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Since the advent
of organotransuranium chemistry six decades ago,
structurally verified complexes remain restricted to π-bonded
carbocycle and σ-bonded hydrocarbyl derivatives. Thus, transuranium-carbon
multiple or dative bonds are yet to be reported. Here, utilizing diphosphoniomethanide
precursors we report the synthesis and characterization of transuranium-carbene
derivatives, namely, diphosphonio-alkylidene- and N-heterocyclic carbene–neptunium(III) complexes that exhibit
polarized-covalent σ2π2 multiple
and dative σ2 single transuranium-carbon bond interactions,
respectively. The reaction of [NpIIII3(THF)4] with [Rb(BIPMTMSH)] (BIPMTMSH = {HC(PPh2NSiMe3)2}1–) affords
[(BIPMTMSH)NpIII(I)2(THF)] (3Np) in situ, and subsequent treatment with the N-heterocyclic carbene {C(NMeCMe)2} (IMe4) allows
isolation of [(BIPMTMSH)NpIII(I)2(IMe4)] (4Np). Separate treatment of in situ
prepared 3Np with benzyl potassium in 1,2-dimethoxyethane
(DME) affords [(BIPMTMS)NpIII(I)(DME)] (5Np, BIPMTMS = {C(PPh2NSiMe3)2}2–). Analogously, addition of benzyl
potassium and IMe4 to 4Np gives [(BIPMTMS)NpIII(I)(IMe4)2] (6Np). The synthesis of 3Np–6Np was facilitated by adopting a scaled-down prechoreographed approach
using cerium synthetic surrogates. The thorium(III) and uranium(III)
analogues of these neptunium(III) complexes are currently unavailable,
meaning that the synthesis of 4Np–6Np provides an example of experimental grounding of 5f- vs 5f- and
5f- vs 4f-element bonding and reactivity comparisons being led by
nonaqueous transuranium chemistry rather than thorium and uranium
congeners. Computational analysis suggests that these NpIII=C bonds are more covalent than UIII=C,
CeIII=C, and PmIII=C congeners
but comparable to analogous UIV=C bonds in terms
of bond orders and total metal contributions to the M=C bonds.
A preliminary assessment of NpIII=C reactivity has
introduced multiple bond metathesis to transuranium chemistry, extending
the range of known metallo-Wittig reactions to encompass actinide
oxidation states III-VI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Conrad A P Goodwin
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Radiochemistry Research, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.,Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Ashley J Wooles
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Radiochemistry Research, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Jesse Murillo
- Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Erli Lu
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Radiochemistry Research, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Josef T Boronski
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Radiochemistry Research, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Brian L Scott
- Materials Physics and Applications Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Andrew J Gaunt
- Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Stephen T Liddle
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Radiochemistry Research, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
DeJesus JF, Kerr RWF, Penchoff DA, Carroll XB, Peterson CC, Arnold PL, Jenkins DM. Actinide tetra-N-heterocyclic carbene 'sandwiches'. Chem Sci 2021; 12:7882-7887. [PMID: 34168841 PMCID: PMC8188502 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc01007g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Highly-symmetrical, thorium and uranium octakis-carbene 'sandwich' complexes have been prepared by 'sandwiching' the An(iv) cations between two anionic macrocyclic tetra-NHC ligands, one with sixteen atoms and the other with eighteen atoms. The complexes were characterized by a range of experimental methods and DFT calculations. X-ray crystallography confirms the geometry at the metal centre can be set by the size of the macrocyclic ring, leading to either square prismatic or square anti-prismatic shapes; the geometry of the latter is retained in solution, which also undergoes reversible, electrochemical one-electron oxidation or reduction for the uranium variant. DFT calculations reveal a frontier orbital picture that is similar to thorocene and uranocene, in which the NHC ligands show almost exclusively σ-donation to the metal without π-backbonding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph F DeJesus
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Tennessee Knoxville Tennessee 37996 USA
| | - Ryan W F Kerr
- School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh West Mains Road Edinburgh EH9 3JJ UK
| | - Deborah A Penchoff
- Howard H. Baker Jr. Center for Public Policy, The University of Tennessee Knoxville Tennessee 37996 USA
| | - Xian B Carroll
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Tennessee Knoxville Tennessee 37996 USA
| | - Charles C Peterson
- Howard H. Baker Jr. Center for Public Policy, The University of Tennessee Knoxville Tennessee 37996 USA
- Research IT Services, University of North Texas Denton Texas 76201 USA
| | - Polly L Arnold
- School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh West Mains Road Edinburgh EH9 3JJ UK
| | - David M Jenkins
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Tennessee Knoxville Tennessee 37996 USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhao L, Chai C, Petz W, Frenking G. Carbones and Carbon Atom as Ligands in Transition Metal Complexes. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25214943. [PMID: 33114580 PMCID: PMC7663554 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25214943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
This review summarizes experimental and theoretical studies of transition metal complexes with two types of novel metal-carbon bonds. One type features complexes with carbones CL2 as ligands, where the carbon(0) atom has two electron lone pairs which engage in double (σ and π) donation to the metal atom [M]⇇CL2. The second part of this review reports complexes which have a neutral carbon atom C as ligand. Carbido complexes with naked carbon atoms may be considered as endpoint of the series [M]-CR3 → [M]-CR2 → [M]-CR → [M]-C. This review includes some work on uranium and cerium complexes, but it does not present a complete coverage of actinide and lanthanide complexes with carbone or carbide ligands.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lili Zhao
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China; (L.Z.); (C.C.)
| | - Chaoqun Chai
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China; (L.Z.); (C.C.)
| | - Wolfgang Petz
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4, D-35043 Marburg, Germany
- Correspondence: (W.P.); (G.F.)
| | - Gernot Frenking
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China; (L.Z.); (C.C.)
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4, D-35043 Marburg, Germany
- Correspondence: (W.P.); (G.F.)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Therrien JA, Wolf MO, Patrick BO. Polyannulated Bis(N-heterocyclic carbene)palladium Pincer Complexes for Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction. Inorg Chem 2015; 54:11721-32. [PMID: 26624491 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.5b01698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Phenanthro- and pyreno-annulated N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) have been incorporated into lutidine-linked bis-NHC Pd pincer complexes to investigate the effect of these polyannulated NHCs on the ability of the complexes to electrochemically reduce CO2 to CO in the presence of 2,2,2-trifluoroacetic acid and 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol as proton sources. These complexes are screened for their ability to reduce CO2 and modeled using density functional theory calculations, where the annulated phenanthrene and pyrene moieties are shown to be additional sites for redox activity in the pincer ligand, enabling increased electron donation. Electrochemical and computational studies are used to gain an understanding of the chemical significance of redox events for complexes of this type, highlighting the importance of anion binding and dissociation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey A Therrien
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia , Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Michael O Wolf
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia , Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Brian O Patrick
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia , Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Palacios L, Di Giuseppe A, Castarlenas R, Lahoz FJ, Pérez-Torrente JJ, Oro LA. Pyridine versus acetonitrile coordination in rhodium–N-heterocyclic carbene square-planar complexes. Dalton Trans 2015; 44:5777-89. [DOI: 10.1039/c5dt00182j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Experimental and theoretical studies on the factors that control the coordination chemistry of N-donor ligands in square-planar complexes of the type RhCl(NHC)L1L2 (NHC = N-heterocyclic carbene) are presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Palacios
- Departamento de Química Inórganica - Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH)
- Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC
- Zaragoza
- Spain
| | - Andrea Di Giuseppe
- Departamento de Química Inórganica - Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH)
- Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC
- Zaragoza
- Spain
| | - Ricardo Castarlenas
- Departamento de Química Inórganica - Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH)
- Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC
- Zaragoza
- Spain
| | - Fernando J. Lahoz
- Departamento de Química Inórganica - Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH)
- Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC
- Zaragoza
- Spain
| | - Jesús J. Pérez-Torrente
- Departamento de Química Inórganica - Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH)
- Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC
- Zaragoza
- Spain
| | - Luis A. Oro
- Departamento de Química Inórganica - Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH)
- Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC
- Zaragoza
- Spain
- Center for Refining & Petrochemicals
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Lanthanides and actinides: Annual survey of their organometallic chemistry covering the year 2009. Coord Chem Rev 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2012.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
8
|
Larocque TG, Badaj AC, Dastgir S, Lavoie GG. New stable aryl-substituted acyclic imino-N-heterocyclic carbene: synthesis, characterisation and coordination to early transition metals. Dalton Trans 2011; 40:12705-12. [DOI: 10.1039/c1dt11565k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
9
|
Arnold PL, Turner ZR, Kaltsoyannis N, Pelekanaki P, Bellabarba RM, Tooze RP. Covalency in Ce(IV) and U(IV) halide and N-heterocyclic carbene bonds. Chemistry 2010; 16:9623-9. [PMID: 20658507 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201001471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative halogenation with trityl chloride provides convenient access to Ce(IV) and U(IV) chloroamides [M(N{SiMe(3)}(2))(3)Cl] and their N-heterocyclic carbene derivatives, [M(L)(N{SiMe(3)}(2))(2)Cl] (L = OCMe(2)CH(2)(CNCH(2)CH(2)NDipp) Dipp = 2,6-iPr(2)C(6)H(3)). Computational analysis of the bonding in these and a fluoro analogue, [U(L)(N{SiMe(3)}(2))(2)F], provides new information on the covalency in this relative rare oxidation state for molecular cerium complexes. Computational studies reveal increased Mayer bond orders in the actinide carbene bond compared with the lanthanide carbene bond, and natural and atoms-in-molecules analyses suggest greater overall ionicity in the cerium complexes than in the uranium analogues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Polly L Arnold
- School of Chemistry, Joseph Black Building, University of Edinburgh, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3JJ, UK.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Arnold PL, Turner ZR, Germeroth AI, Casely IJ, Bellabarba R, Tooze RP. Lanthanide/actinide differentiation with sterically encumbered N-heterocyclic carbene ligands. Dalton Trans 2010; 39:6808-14. [DOI: 10.1039/c001584a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|