1
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Lapizco-Encinas BH. The latest advances on nonlinear insulator-based electrokinetic microsystems under direct current and low-frequency alternating current fields: a review. Anal Bioanal Chem 2021; 414:885-905. [PMID: 34664103 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03687-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This review article presents an overview of the evolution of the field of insulator-based dielectrophoresis (iDEP); in particular, it focuses on insulator-based electrokinetic (iEK) systems stimulated with direct current and low-frequency(< 1 kHz) AC electric fields. The article covers the surge of iDEP as a research field where many different device designs were developed, from microchannels with arrays of insulating posts to devices with curved walls and nano- and micropipettes. All of these systems allowed for the manipulation and separation of a wide array of particles, ranging from macromolecules to microorganisms, including clinical and biomedical applications. Recent experimental reports, supported by important theoretical studies in the field of physics and colloids, brought attention to the effects of electrophoresis of the second kind in these systems. These recent findings suggest that DEP is not the main force behind particle trapping, as it was believed for the last two decades. This new research suggests that particle trapping, under DC and low-frequency AC potentials, mainly results from a balance between electroosmotic and electrophoretic effects (linear and nonlinear); although DEP is present in these systems, it is not a dominant force. Considering these recent studies, it is proposed to rename this field from DC-iDEP to DC-iEK (and low-frequency AC-iDEP to low-frequency AC-iEK). Whereas much research is still needed, this is an exciting time in the field of microscale EK systems, as these new findings seem to explain the challenges with modeling particle migration and trapping in iEK devices, and provide perhaps a better understanding of the mechanisms behind particle trapping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blanca H Lapizco-Encinas
- Microscale Bioseparations Laboratory and Biomedical Engineering Department, Rochester Institute of Technology, Institute Hall (Bldg. 73), Room 3103, 160 Lomb Memorial Drive, Rochester, NY, 14623-5604, USA.
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2
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Cardenas-Benitez B, Jind B, Gallo-Villanueva RC, Martinez-Chapa SO, Lapizco-Encinas BH, Perez-Gonzalez VH. Direct Current Electrokinetic Particle Trapping in Insulator-Based Microfluidics: Theory and Experiments. Anal Chem 2020; 92:12871-12879. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c01303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Braulio Cardenas-Benitez
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon 64849, Mexico
| | - Binny Jind
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon 64849, Mexico
| | | | - Sergio O. Martinez-Chapa
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon 64849, Mexico
| | - Blanca H. Lapizco-Encinas
- Microscale Bioseparations Laboratory, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, New York 14623, United States
| | - Victor H. Perez-Gonzalez
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon 64849, Mexico
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3
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Pesch GR, Du F. A review of dielectrophoretic separation and classification of non-biological particles. Electrophoresis 2020; 42:134-152. [PMID: 32667696 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202000137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Dielectrophoresis (DEP) is a selective electrokinetic particle manipulation technology that is applied for almost 100 years and currently finds most applications in biomedical research using microfluidic devices operating at moderate to low throughput. This paper reviews DEP separators capable of high-throughput operation and research addressing separation and analysis of non-biological particle systems. Apart from discussing particle polarization mechanisms, this review summarizes the early applications of DEP for dielectric sorting of minerals and lists contemporary applications in solid/liquid, liquid/liquid, and solid/air separation, for example, DEP filtration or airborne fiber length classification; the review also summarizes developments in DEP fouling suppression, gives a brief overview of electrocoalescence and addresses current problems in high-throughput DEP separation. We aim to provide inspiration for DEP application schemes outside of the biomedical sector, for example, for the recovery of precious metal from scrap or for extraction of metal from low-grade ore.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg R Pesch
- Faculty of Production Engineering, Chemical Process Engineering Group, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Fei Du
- Faculty of Production Engineering, Chemical Process Engineering Group, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
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4
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Creation of an electrokinetic characterization library for the detection and identification of biological cells. Anal Bioanal Chem 2020; 412:3935-3945. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-020-02621-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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5
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Abstract
The ability to separate analytes with increasingly similar properties drives the field of separation science. One way to achieve such separations is using trapping and streaming dielectrophoresis (DEP), which directly exploits the subtle differences in the electrophysical properties of analytes. The non-uniform fields necessary for DEP can be formed using various insulator shapes in microchannels. Current insulator shapes include triangles, diamonds, circles, and rectangles. However, all of these insulators pose problems for trapping, streaming, and sorting (deflection) as the induced fields/gradients are not behaviorally consistent across the lateral dimension. This leads to analytes experiencing different forces depending on their pathline in the microchannel and result in low resolution separations. Based on an iterative process that explored approximately 40 different insulator shapes, a design was chosen that indicated improved particle streamlines, better trapping efficiency, and consistent electrical environments across the lateral dimension. The design was assessed by simulations where the electric field, gradient of the electric field squared, and the ratio of the two were plotted. The improved design includes a unique new multi-length scale element. The multi-length scale structure streamlines the analyte(s) and improves homogeneity in the lateral dimension, while still achieving high gradients necessary for analyte separation using DEP. The design is calculated to keep analytes on the centerline which should improve resolution, and eliminate extraneous trapping zones. Behaviors consistent with the features of the simulations were observed in proof of principle experiments using representative test probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire V Crowther
- Arizona State University, School of Molecular Sciences, Mail Stop 1604, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA.
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6
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Perez-Gonzalez VH, Gallo-Villanueva RC, Cardenas-Benitez B, Martinez-Chapa SO, Lapizco-Encinas BH. Simple Approach to Reducing Particle Trapping Voltage in Insulator-Based Dielectrophoretic Systems. Anal Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b00139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Victor H. Perez-Gonzalez
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Sensors and Devices Research Group, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon 64849, Mexico
| | - Roberto C. Gallo-Villanueva
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Sensors and Devices Research Group, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon 64849, Mexico
| | - Braulio Cardenas-Benitez
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Sensors and Devices Research Group, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon 64849, Mexico
| | - Sergio O. Martinez-Chapa
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Sensors and Devices Research Group, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon 64849, Mexico
| | - Blanca H. Lapizco-Encinas
- Microscale Bioseparations Laboratory, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, New York 14623, United States
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7
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Pesch GR, Du F, Baune M, Thöming J. Influence of geometry and material of insulating posts on particle trapping using positive dielectrophoresis. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1483:127-137. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.12.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Revised: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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8
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A new approach to design an efficient micropost array for enhanced direct-current insulator-based dielectrophoretic trapping. Anal Bioanal Chem 2016; 408:5285-94. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-016-9629-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Revised: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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9
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Pesch GR, Kiewidt L, Du F, Baune M, Thöming J. Electrodeless dielectrophoresis: Impact of geometry and material on obstacle polarization. Electrophoresis 2015; 37:291-301. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201500313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Revised: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 09/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Georg R. Pesch
- Chemical Engineering, Recovery and Recycling, Department of Production Engineering and Center for Environmental Research and Sustainable Technology; University of Bremen; Bremen Germany
| | - Lars Kiewidt
- Chemical Engineering, Recovery and Recycling, Department of Production Engineering and Center for Environmental Research and Sustainable Technology; University of Bremen; Bremen Germany
| | - Fei Du
- Chemical Engineering, Recovery and Recycling, Department of Production Engineering and Center for Environmental Research and Sustainable Technology; University of Bremen; Bremen Germany
| | - Michael Baune
- Chemical Engineering, Recovery and Recycling, Department of Production Engineering and Center for Environmental Research and Sustainable Technology; University of Bremen; Bremen Germany
| | - Jorg Thöming
- Chemical Engineering, Recovery and Recycling, Department of Production Engineering and Center for Environmental Research and Sustainable Technology; University of Bremen; Bremen Germany
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10
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LaLonde A, Romero-Creel MF, Saucedo-Espinosa MA, Lapizco-Encinas BH. Isolation and enrichment of low abundant particles with insulator-based dielectrophoresis. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2015; 9:064113. [PMID: 26674134 PMCID: PMC4676780 DOI: 10.1063/1.4936371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Isolation and enrichment of low-abundant particles are essential steps in many bio-analytical and clinical applications. In this work, the capability of an insulator-based dielectrophoresis (iDEP) device for the detection and stable capture of low abundant polystyrene particles and yeast cells was evaluated. Binary and tertiary mixtures of particles and cells were tested, where the low-abundant particles had concentration ratios on the order of 1:10 000 000 compared to the other particles present in the mixture. The results demonstrated successful and stable capture and enrichment of rare particles and cells (trapping efficiencies over 99%), where particles remained trapped in a stable manner for up to 4 min. A device with four reservoirs was employed for the separation and enrichment of rare particles, where the particles of interest were first selectively concentrated and then effectively directed to a side port for future collection and analysis. The present study demonstrates that simple iDEP devices have appropriate screening capacity and can be used for handling samples containing rare particles; achieving both enrichment and isolation of low-abundant particles and cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra LaLonde
- Microscale Bioseparations Laboratory and Biomedical Engineering Department, Rochester Institute of Technology , Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - Maria F Romero-Creel
- Microscale Bioseparations Laboratory and Biomedical Engineering Department, Rochester Institute of Technology , Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - Mario A Saucedo-Espinosa
- Microscale Bioseparations Laboratory and Biomedical Engineering Department, Rochester Institute of Technology , Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - Blanca H Lapizco-Encinas
- Microscale Bioseparations Laboratory and Biomedical Engineering Department, Rochester Institute of Technology , Rochester, New York 14623, USA
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11
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Saucedo-Espinosa M, Lapizco-Encinas B. Design of insulator-based dielectrophoretic devices: Effect of insulator posts characteristics. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1422:325-333. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Revised: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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12
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Mohammadi M, Madadi H, Casals-Terré J, Sellarès J. Hydrodynamic and direct-current insulator-based dielectrophoresis (H-DC-iDEP) microfluidic blood plasma separation. Anal Bioanal Chem 2015; 407:4733-44. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-015-8678-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Revised: 02/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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13
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Saucedo-Espinosa MA, Lapizco-Encinas BH. Experimental and theoretical study of dielectrophoretic particle trapping in arrays of insulating structures: Effect of particle size and shape. Electrophoresis 2015; 36:1086-97. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201400408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Revised: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 11/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mario A. Saucedo-Espinosa
- Microscale Bioseparations Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering; Rochester Institute of Technology; Rochester NY USA
| | - Blanca H. Lapizco-Encinas
- Microscale Bioseparations Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering; Rochester Institute of Technology; Rochester NY USA
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14
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Dash S, Mohanty S. Dielectrophoretic separation of micron and submicron particles: a review. Electrophoresis 2014; 35:2656-72. [PMID: 24930837 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201400084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2013] [Revised: 06/03/2014] [Accepted: 06/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
This paper provides an overview on separation of micron and submicron sized biological (cells, yeast, virus, bacteria, etc.) and nonbiological particles (latex, polystyrene, CNTs, metals, etc.) by dielectrophoresis (DEP), which finds wide applications in the field of medical and environmental science. Mathematical models to predict the electric field, flow profile, and concentration profiles of the particles under the influence of DEP force have also been covered in this review. In addition, advancements made primarily in the last decade, in the area of electrode design (shape and arrangement), new materials for electrode (carbon, silicon, polymers), and geometry of the microdevice, for efficient DEP separation of particles have been highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swagatika Dash
- CSIR-Institute of Minerals and Materials Technology, Bhubaneswar, India
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15
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Pesch GR, Du F, Schwientek U, Gehrmeyer C, Maurer A, Thöming J, Baune M. Recovery of submicron particles using high-throughput dielectrophoretically switchable filtration. Sep Purif Technol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2014.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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16
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Kang H, Kim D, Baik S. Sheet resistance characterization of locally anisotropic transparent conductive films made of aligned metal-enriched single-walled carbon nanotubes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:18759-64. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cp02367f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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17
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LaLonde A, Gencoglu A, Romero-Creel MF, Koppula KS, Lapizco-Encinas BH. Effect of insulating posts geometry on particle manipulation in insulator based dielectrophoretic devices. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1344:99-108. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.03.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2013] [Revised: 03/25/2014] [Accepted: 03/30/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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18
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Gallo-Villanueva RC, Sano MB, Lapizco-Encinas BH, Davalos RV. Joule heating effects on particle immobilization in insulator-based dielectrophoretic devices. Electrophoresis 2014; 35:352-61. [PMID: 24002905 PMCID: PMC4114348 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201300171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2013] [Revised: 07/31/2013] [Accepted: 08/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
In this work, the temperature effects due to Joule heating obtained by application of a direct current electric potential were investigated for a microchannel with cylindrical insulating posts employed for insulator-based dielectrophoresis. The conductivity of the suspending medium, the local electric field, and the gradient of the squared electric field, which directly affect the magnitude of the dielectrophoretic force exerted on particles, were computationally simulated employing COMSOL Multiphysics. It was observed that a temperature gradient is formed along the microchannel, which redistributes the conductivity of the suspending medium leading to an increase of the dielectrophoretic force toward the inlet of the channel while decreasing toward the outlet. Experimental results are in good agreement with simulations on the particle-trapping zones anticipated. This study demonstrates the importance of considering Joule heating effects when designing insulator-based dielectrophoresis systems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael B. Sano
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Virginia Tech
– Wake Forest University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Blanca H. Lapizco-Encinas
- Microscale Bioseparations Laboratory and Department of Chemical and
Biomedical Engineering, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Rafael V. Davalos
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Virginia Tech
– Wake Forest University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
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Bhattacharya S, Chao TC, Ariyasinghe N, Ruiz Y, Lake D, Ros R, Ros A. Selective trapping of single mammalian breast cancer cells by insulator-based dielectrophoresis. Anal Bioanal Chem 2014; 406:1855-65. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-013-7598-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2013] [Revised: 12/19/2013] [Accepted: 12/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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20
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Perez-Gonzalez VH, Ho V, Kulinsky L, Madou M, Martinez-Chapa SO. PPyDEP: a new approach to microparticle manipulation employing polymer-based electrodes. LAB ON A CHIP 2013; 13:4642-4652. [PMID: 24121252 DOI: 10.1039/c3lc50893e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a novel approach to 3-dimensional (3D) electrode fabrication, based on electrodeposited polypyrrole (PPy), for dielectrophoresis (DEP) is described. 3D PPy electrodes with post and cage geometries were grown over planar interdigitated electrodes. Computational modelling and experimental work were carried out to assess the performance of the proposed electrode geometries. It was found that these new electrode geometries enhanced the dielectrophoretic trapping efficiency for polystyrene beads by exhibiting larger variations of the electric field and by affecting a larger volume of the fluid sample than planar electrodes. Applications of this work include, but are not limited to, environmental monitoring, food safety control, clinical analysis, and clean energy production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor H Perez-Gonzalez
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Campus Monterrey, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey, NL 64849, Mexico.
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21
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Gencoglu A, Olney D, LaLonde A, Koppula KS, Lapizco-Encinas BH. Dynamic microparticle manipulation with an electroosmotic flow gradient in low-frequency alternating current dielectrophoresis. Electrophoresis 2013; 35:362-73. [PMID: 24166858 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201300385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2013] [Revised: 10/07/2013] [Accepted: 10/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the potential of low-frequency AC insulator-based DEP (iDEP) was explored for the separation of polystyrene microparticles and yeast cells. An EOF gradient was generated by employing an asymmetrical, 20 Hz AC electrical signal in an iDEP device consisting of a microchannel with diamond-shaped insulating posts. Two types of samples were analyzed, the first sample contained three types of polystyrene particles with different diameters (0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 μm) and the second sample contained two types of polystyrene particles (1.0 and 2 μm) and yeast cells (6.3 μm). This particular scheme uses a tapered AC signal that allows for all particles to be trapped and concentrated at the insulating post array, as the signal becomes asymmetrical (more positive), particles are selectively released. The smallest particles in each sample were released first, since they require greater dielectrophoretic forces to remain trapped. The largest particles in each sample were released last, when the applied signal became cyclical. A dielectropherogram, which is analogous to a chromatogram, was obtained for each sample, demonstrating successful separation of the particles by showing "peaks" of the released particles. These separations were achieved at lower applied potentials than those reported in previous studies that used solely direct current electrical voltages. Additionally, mathematical modeling with COMSOL Multiphysics was carried out to estimate the magnitude of the dielectrophoretic and EOF forces acting on the particles considering the low-frequency, asymmetrical AC signal used in the experiments. The results demonstrated the potential of low-frequency AC-iDEP systems for handling and separating complex mixtures of microparticles and biological cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aytug Gencoglu
- Microscale Bioseparations Laboratory, Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY, USA
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22
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Gan L, Chao TC, Camacho-Alanis F, Ros A. Six-Helix Bundle and Triangle DNA Origami Insulator-Based Dielectrophoresis. Anal Chem 2013; 85:11427-34. [DOI: 10.1021/ac402493u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Gan
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, U.S.A
| | - Tzu-Chiao Chao
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, U.S.A
| | | | - Alexandra Ros
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, U.S.A
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23
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Gencoglu A, Olney D, LaLonde A, Koppula KS, Lapizco-Encinas BH. Particle Manipulation in Insulator Based Dielectrophoretic Devices1. J Nanotechnol Eng Med 2013. [DOI: 10.1115/1.4025368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidic devices can make a significant impact in many fields where obtaining a rapid response is critical, particularly in analyses involving biological particles, from deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and proteins, to cells. Microfluidics has revolutionized the manner in which many different assessments/processes are carried out, since it offers attractive advantages over traditional bench-scale techniques. Some of the advantages are: small sample and reagent amounts, higher resolution and sensitivity, improved level of integration and automation, lower cost and much shorter processing times. There is a growing interest on the development of techniques that can be used in microfluidics devices. Among these, electrokinetic techniques have shown great potential due to their flexibility. Dielectrophoresis (DEP) is an electrokinetic mechanism that refers to the interaction of a dielectric particle with a spatially non-uniform electric field; this leads to particle movement due to polarization effects. DEP offers great potential since it can be carried out employing DC and AC electric fields, and neutral and charged particles can be manipulated. This work is focused on the use of insulator based dielectrophoresis (iDEP), a novel dielectrophoretic mode that employs arrays of insulating structures to generate dielectrophoretic forces. Successful micro and nanoparticles manipulation can be achieved employing iDEP, due to its unique characteristics that allow for great flexibility. In this work, microchannels containing arrays of cylindrical insulating posts were employed to concentrate, sort and separate microparticles. Mathematical modeling with COMSOL® was performed to identify optimal device configuration. Different sets of experiments were carried out employing DC and AC potentials. The results demonstrated that effective and fast particle manipulation is possible by fine tuning dielectrophoretic force and electroosmotic flow.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Blanca H. Lapizco-Encinas
- Associate Professor e-mail: Microscale Bioseparations Laboratory, Chemical and Biomedical Engineering Department, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623
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24
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Madiyar FR, Syed LU, Culbertson C, Li J. Manipulation of bacteriophages with dielectrophoresis on carbon nanofiber nanoelectrode arrays. Electrophoresis 2013; 34:1123-30. [PMID: 23348683 PMCID: PMC3754441 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201200486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2012] [Revised: 11/16/2012] [Accepted: 11/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
This work describes efficient manipulation of bacteriophage virus particles using a nanostructured DEP device. The nonuniform electric field for DEP is created by utilizing a nanoelectrode array (NEA) made of vertically aligned carbon nanofibers versus a macroscopic indium tin oxide electrode in a "points-and-lid" configuration integrated in a microfluidic channel. The capture of the virus particles has been systematically investigated versus the flow velocity, sinusoidal AC frequency, peak-to-peak voltage, and virus concentration. The DEP capture at all conditions is reversible and the captured virus particles are released immediately when the voltage is turned off. At the low virus concentration (8.9 × 10(4) pfu/mL), the DEP capture efficiency up to 60% can be obtained. The virus particles are individually captured at isolated nanoelectrode tips and accumulate linearly with time. Due to the comparable size, it is more effective to capture virus particles than larger bacterial cells with such NEA-based DEP devices. This technique can be potentially utilized as a fast sample preparation module in a microfluidic chip to capture, separate, and concentrate viruses and other biological particles in small volumes of dilute solutions in a portable detection system for field applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lateef Uddin Syed
- Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506
| | | | - Jun Li
- Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506
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Rosales-Cruzaley E, Cota-Elizondo PA, Sánchez D, Lapizco-Encinas BH. Sperm cells manipulation employing dielectrophoresis. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2012; 36:1353-62. [DOI: 10.1007/s00449-012-0838-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2012] [Accepted: 10/03/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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26
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Camacho-Alanis F, Gan L, Ros A. Transitioning Streaming to Trapping in DC Insulator-based Dielectrophoresis for Biomolecules. SENSORS AND ACTUATORS. B, CHEMICAL 2012; 173:668-675. [PMID: 23441049 PMCID: PMC3577371 DOI: 10.1016/j.snb.2012.07.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Exploiting dielectrophoresis (DEP) to concentrate and separate biomolecules has recently shown large potential as a microscale bioanalytical tool. Such efforts however require tailored devices and knowledge of all interplaying transport mechanisms competing with dielectrophoresis (DEP). Specifically, a strong DEP contribution to the overall transport mechanism is necessary to exploit DEP of biomolecules for analytical applications such as separation and fractionation. Here, we present improved microfluidic devices combining optical lithography and focused ion beam milling (FIBM) for the manipulation of DNA and proteins using insulator-based dielectrophoresis (iDEP) and direct current (DC) electric fields. Experiments were performed on an elastomer platform forming the iDEP microfluidic device with integrated nanoposts and nanopost arrays. Microscale and nanoscale iDEP was studied for λ-DNA (48.5 kbp) and the protein bovine serum albumin (BSA). Numerical simulations were adapted to the various tested geometries revealing excellent qualitative agreement with experimental observations for streaming and trapping DEP. Both the experimental and simulation results indicate that DC iDEP trapping for λ-DNA occurs with tailored nanoposts fabricated via FIBM. Moreover, streaming iDEP concentration of BSA is improved with integrated nanopost arrays by a factor of 45 compared to microfabricated arrays.
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Nakano A, Camacho-Alanis F, Chao TC, Ros A. Tuning direct current streaming dielectrophoresis of proteins. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2012; 6:34108. [PMID: 23908679 PMCID: PMC3423305 DOI: 10.1063/1.4742695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2012] [Accepted: 07/18/2012] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Dielectrophoresis (DEP) of biomolecules has large potential to serve as a novel selectivity parameter for bioanalytical methods such as (pre)concentration, fractionation, and separation. However, in contrast to well-characterized biological cells and (nano)particles, the mechanism of protein DEP is poorly understood, limiting bioanalytical applications for proteins. Here, we demonstrate a detailed investigation of factors influencing DEP of diagnostically relevant immunoglobulin G (IgG) molecules using insulator-based DEP (iDEP) under DC conditions. We found that the pH range in which concentration of IgG due to streaming iDEP occurs without aggregate formation matches the pH range suitable for immunoreactions. Numerical simulations of the electrokinetic factors pertaining to DEP streaming in this range further suggested that the protein charge and electroosmotic flow significantly influence iDEP streaming. These predictions are in accordance with the experimentally observed pH-dependent iDEP streaming profiles as well as the determined IgG molecular properties. Moreover, we observed a transition in the streaming behavior caused by a change from positive to negative DEP induced through micelle formation for the first time experimentally, which is in excellent qualitative agreement with numerical simulations. Our study thus relates molecular immunoglobulin properties to observed iDEP, which will be useful for the future development of protein (pre)concentration or separation methods based on DEP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asuka Nakano
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA
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28
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Braff WA, Pignier A, Buie CR. High sensitivity three-dimensional insulator-based dielectrophoresis. LAB ON A CHIP 2012; 12:1327-31. [PMID: 22311182 DOI: 10.1039/c2lc21212a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Insulator-based dielectrophoresis (iDEP) is a very promising technique for sorting microparticles based on their electrical properties. The need for microfabricated electrode arrays is eliminated by using constrictions in a microchannel to induce large electric field gradients. In this work, micro-milling is used to build devices with three-dimensional features that exhibit very large constriction ratios. These three-dimensional insulator-based dielectrophoresis (3DiDEP) devices allow for trapping microparticles at average electric fields one order of magnitude lower than two-dimensional designs with the same footprint. Low voltage operation minimizes Joule heating effects that have limited previous systems, opening up the possibility for new biological applications of iDEP.
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Affiliation(s)
- William A Braff
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
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29
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Regtmeier J, Eichhorn R, Viefhues M, Bogunovic L, Anselmetti D. Electrodeless dielectrophoresis for bioanalysis: Theory, devices and applications. Electrophoresis 2011; 32:2253-73. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201100055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2011] [Revised: 05/31/2011] [Accepted: 06/01/2011] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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30
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Insulator-based dielectrophoretic single particle and single cancer cell trapping. Electrophoresis 2011; 32:2550-8. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201100066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2011] [Revised: 05/06/2011] [Accepted: 05/07/2011] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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31
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Gallo-Villanueva RC, Pérez-González VH, Davalos RV, Lapizco-Encinas BH. Separation of mixtures of particles in a multipart microdevice employing insulator-based dielectrophoresis. Electrophoresis 2011; 32:2456-65. [PMID: 21874656 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201100174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2011] [Revised: 05/27/2011] [Accepted: 05/31/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Dielectrophoresis is the electrokinetic movement of particles due to polarization effects in the presence of non-uniform electric fields. In insulator-based dielectrophoresis (iDEP) regions of low and high electric field intensity, i.e. non-uniformity of electric field, are produced when the cross-sectional area of a microchannel is decreased by the presence of electrical insulating structures between two electrodes. This technique is increasingly being studied for the manipulation of a wide variety of particles, and novel designs are continuously developed. Despite significant advances in the area, complex mixture separation and sample fractionation continue to be the most important challenges. In this work, a microchannel design is presented for carrying out direct current (DC)-iDEP for the separation of a mixture of particles. The device comprises a main channel, two side channels and two sections of cylindrical posts with different diameters, which will generate different non-uniformities in the electric field on the main channel, designed for the discrimination and separation of particles of two different sizes. By applying an electric potential of 1000 V, a mixture of 1 and 4 μm polystyrene microspheres were dielectrophoretically separated and concentrated at the same time and then redirected to different outlets. The results obtained here demonstrate that, by carefully designing the device geometry and selecting operating conditions, effective sorting of particle mixtures can be achieved in this type of multi-section DC-iDEP devices.
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32
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Moncada-Hernandez H, Baylon-Cardiel JL, Pérez-González VH, Lapizco-Encinas BH. Insulator-based dielectrophoresis of microorganisms: Theoretical and experimental results. Electrophoresis 2011; 32:2502-11. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201100168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2011] [Revised: 05/14/2011] [Accepted: 05/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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33
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Jesús-Pérez NM, Lapizco-Encinas BH. Dielectrophoretic monitoring of microorganisms in environmental applications. Electrophoresis 2011; 32:2331-57. [PMID: 21823133 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201100107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2011] [Revised: 04/14/2011] [Accepted: 04/15/2011] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nadia M Jesús-Pérez
- Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN Unidad Monterrey, Apodaca, Nuevo Leon, México
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Weiss NG, Jones PV, Mahanti P, Chen KP, Taylor TJ, Hayes MA. Dielectrophoretic mobility determination in DC insulator-based dielectrophoresis. Electrophoresis 2011; 32:2292-7. [PMID: 21823129 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201100034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2011] [Revised: 03/09/2011] [Accepted: 03/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Insulator-based dielectrophoresis (iDEP) is a powerful tool for separating and characterizing particles, yet it is limited by a lack of quantitative characterizations. Here, this limitation is addressed by employing a method capable of quantifying the DEP mobility of particles. Using streak-based velocimetry the particle properties are deduced from their motion in a microfluidic channel with a constant electric field gradient. From this approach, the DEP mobility of 1 μm polystyrene particles was found to be -2±0.4 10(-8) cm4 /(V2 s). In the future, such quantitative treatment will allow for the elucidation of unique insights and rational design of devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noah G Weiss
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arizona State University, Tempe 85287-1604, USA
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35
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Jones PV, Staton SJR, Hayes MA. Blood cell capture in a sawtooth dielectrophoretic microchannel. Anal Bioanal Chem 2011; 401:2103-11. [PMID: 21830138 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-011-5284-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2011] [Revised: 07/18/2011] [Accepted: 07/25/2011] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Biological fluids can be considered to contain information-rich mixtures of biochemicals and particles that enable clinicians to accurately diagnose a wide range of pathologies. Rapid and inexpensive analysis of blood and other bodily fluids is a topic gaining substantial attention in both science and medicine. One line of development involves microfluidic approaches that provide unique advantages over entrenched technologies, including rapid analysis times, microliter sample and reagent volumes, potentially low cost, and practical portability. The present study focuses on the isolation and concentration of human blood cells from small-volume samples of diluted whole blood. Separation of cells from the matrix of whole blood was accomplished using constant potential insulator-based gradient dielectrophoresis in a converging, sawtooth-patterned microchannel. The channel design enabled the isolation and concentration of specific cell types by exploiting variations in their characteristic physical properties. The technique can operate with isotonic buffers, allowing capture of whole cells, and reproducible capture occurred at specific locales within the channel over a global applied voltage range of 200-700 V.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul V Jones
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Center for Solid State Electronics Research, Arizona State University, PO Box 871604, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
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36
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A continuous DC-insulator dielectrophoretic sorter of microparticles. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1218:1780-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.01.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2010] [Revised: 01/21/2011] [Accepted: 01/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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37
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Chávez-Santoscoy AV, Baylon-Cardiel JL, Moncada-Hernández H, Lapizco-Encinas BH. On the Selectivity of an Insulator-Based Dielectrophoretic Microdevice. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/01496395.2010.520295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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38
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Baylon-Cardiel JL, Jesús-Pérez NM, Chávez-Santoscoy AV, Lapizco-Encinas BH. Controlled microparticle manipulation employing low frequency alternating electric fields in an array of insulators. LAB ON A CHIP 2010; 10:3235-42. [PMID: 20936247 DOI: 10.1039/c0lc00097c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Low frequency alternating current insulator-based dielectrophoresis is a novel technique that allows for highly controlled manipulation of particles. By varying the shape of an AC voltage applied across a microchannel containing an array of insulating cylindrical structures it was possible to concentrate and immobilize microparticles in bands; and then, move the bands of particles to a different location. Mathematical modeling was performed to analyze the distribution of the electric field and electric field gradient as function of the shape of the AC applied potential, employing frequencies in the 0.2-1.25 Hz range. Three different signals were tested: sinusoidal, half sinusoidal and sawtooth. Experimental results demonstrated that this novel dielectrophoretic mode allows highly controlled particle manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier L Baylon-Cardiel
- Biomems Research Group, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Campus Monterrey, Monterrey, N.L. 64849, México
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39
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Srivastava SK, Gencoglu A, Minerick AR. DC insulator dielectrophoretic applications in microdevice technology: a review. Anal Bioanal Chem 2010; 399:301-21. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-010-4222-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2010] [Revised: 09/10/2010] [Accepted: 09/13/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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40
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Church C, Zhu J, Huang G, Tzeng TR, Xuan X. Integrated electrical concentration and lysis of cells in a microfluidic chip. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2010; 4:44101. [PMID: 20981237 PMCID: PMC2962669 DOI: 10.1063/1.3496358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2010] [Accepted: 09/13/2010] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Lysing cells is an important step in the analysis of intracellular contents. Concentrating cells is often required in order to acquire adequate cells for lysis. This work presents an integrated concentration and lysis of mammalian cells in a constriction microchannel using dc-biased ac electric fields. By adjusting the dc component, the electrokinetic cell motion can be precisely controlled, leading to an easy switch between concentration and lysis of red blood cells in the channel constriction. These two operations are also used in conjunction to demonstrate a continuous concentration and separation of leukemia cells from red blood cells in the same microchannel. The observed cell behaviors agree reasonably with the simulation results.
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