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Wiechers H, Kehl A, Hiller M, Eltzner B, Huckemann SF, Meyer A, Tkach I, Bennati M, Pokern Y. Bayesian optimization to estimate hyperfine couplings from 19F ENDOR spectra. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2023; 353:107491. [PMID: 37301045 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2023.107491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ENDOR spectroscopy is a fundamental method to detect nuclear spins in the vicinity of paramagnetic centers and their mutual hyperfine interaction. Recently, site-selective introduction of 19F as nuclear labels has been proposed as a tool for ENDOR-based distance determination in biomolecules, complementing pulsed dipolar spectroscopy in the range of angstrom to nanometer. Nevertheless, one main challenge of ENDOR still consists of its spectral analysis, which is aggravated by a large parameter space and broad resonances from hyperfine interactions. Additionally, at high EPR frequencies and fields (⩾94 GHz/3.4 Tesla), chemical shift anisotropy might contribute to broadening and asymmetry in the spectra. Here, we use two nitroxide-fluorine model systems to examine a statistical approach to finding the best parameter fit to experimental 263 GHz 19F ENDOR spectra. We propose Bayesian optimization for a rapid, global parameter search with little prior knowledge, followed by a refinement by more standard gradient-based fitting procedures. Indeed, the latter suffer from finding local rather than global minima of a suitably defined loss function. Using a new and accelerated simulation procedure, results for the semi-rigid nitroxide-fluorine two and three spin systems lead to physically reasonable solutions, if minima of similar loss can be distinguished by DFT predictions. The approach also delivers the stochastic error of the obtained parameter estimates. Future developments and perspectives are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Wiechers
- Felix-Bernstein-Institute for Mathematical Statistics in the Biosciences, Georgia-Augusta-University, Goldschmidtstr. 7, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - A Kehl
- Research Group EPR Spectroscopy, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Am Fassberg 11, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - M Hiller
- Research Group EPR Spectroscopy, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Am Fassberg 11, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - B Eltzner
- Research Group Computational Biomolecular Dynamics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Am Fassberg 11, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - S F Huckemann
- Felix-Bernstein-Institute for Mathematical Statistics in the Biosciences, Georgia-Augusta-University, Goldschmidtstr. 7, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - A Meyer
- Research Group EPR Spectroscopy, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Am Fassberg 11, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany; Institute of Physical Chemistry, Georgia-Augusta-University, Tammanstr. 6, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - I Tkach
- Research Group EPR Spectroscopy, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Am Fassberg 11, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - M Bennati
- Research Group EPR Spectroscopy, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Am Fassberg 11, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany; Institute of Physical Chemistry, Georgia-Augusta-University, Tammanstr. 6, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Y Pokern
- Department of Statistical Science, University College London, WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom.
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2
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Electronic Structure of Tyrosyl D Radical of Photosystem II, as Revealed by 2D-Hyperfine Sublevel Correlation Spectroscopy. MAGNETOCHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/magnetochemistry7090131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The biological water oxidation takes place in Photosystem II (PSII), a multi-subunit protein located in thylakoid membranes of higher plant chloroplasts and cyanobacteria. The catalytic site of PSII is a Mn4Ca cluster and is known as the oxygen evolving complex (OEC) of PSII. Two tyrosine residues D1-Tyr161 (YZ) and D2-Tyr160 (YD) are symmetrically placed in the two core subunits D1 and D2 and participate in proton coupled electron transfer reactions. YZ of PSII is near the OEC and mediates electron coupled proton transfer from Mn4Ca to the photooxidizable chlorophyll species P680+. YD does not directly interact with OEC, but is crucial for modulating the various S oxidation states of the OEC. In PSII from higher plants the environment of YD• radical has been extensively characterized only in spinach (Spinacia oleracea) Mn-depleted non functional PSII membranes. Here, we present a 2D-HYSCORE investigation in functional PSII of spinach to determine the electronic structure of YD• radical. The hyperfine couplings of the protons that interact with the YD• radical are determined and the relevant assignment is provided. A discussion on the similarities and differences between the present results and the results from studies performed in non functional PSII membranes from higher plants and PSII preparations from other organisms is given.
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Determining the Electronic Structure of Paramagnetic Intermediates in membrane proteins: A high-resolution 2D 1H hyperfine sublevel correlation study of the redox-active tyrosines of photosystem II. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2020; 1862:183422. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2020.183422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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4
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Sidabras JW, Duan J, Winkler M, Happe T, Hussein R, Zouni A, Suter D, Schnegg A, Lubitz W, Reijerse EJ. Extending electron paramagnetic resonance to nanoliter volume protein single crystals using a self-resonant microhelix. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2019; 5:eaay1394. [PMID: 31620561 PMCID: PMC6777973 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aay1394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy on protein single crystals is the ultimate method for determining the electronic structure of paramagnetic intermediates at the active site of an enzyme and relating the magnetic tensor to a molecular structure. However, crystals of dimensions typical for protein crystallography (0.05 to 0.3mm) provide insufficient signal intensity. In this work, we present a microwave self-resonant microhelix for nanoliter samples that can be implemented in a commercial X-band (9.5 GHz) EPR spectrometer. The self-resonant microhelix provides a measured signal-to-noise improvement up to a factor of 28 with respect to commercial EPR resonators. This work opens up the possibility to use advanced EPR techniques for studying protein single crystals of dimensions typical for x-ray crystallography. The technique is demonstrated by EPR experiments on single crystal [FeFe]-hydrogenase (Clostridium pasteurianum; CpI) with dimensions of 0.3 mm by 0.1 mm by 0.1 mm, yielding a proposed g-tensor orientation of the Hox state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason W. Sidabras
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstraße 34-36, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Jifu Duan
- AG Photobiotechnologie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Martin Winkler
- AG Photobiotechnologie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Thomas Happe
- AG Photobiotechnologie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Rana Hussein
- Institut für Biologie, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Philippstraße 13, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Athina Zouni
- Institut für Biologie, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Philippstraße 13, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Dieter Suter
- Experimentelle Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, Emil-Figge-Straße 50, 44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Alexander Schnegg
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstraße 34-36, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Lubitz
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstraße 34-36, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Edward J. Reijerse
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstraße 34-36, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
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Sirohiwal A, Neese F, Pantazis DA. Microsolvation of the Redox-Active Tyrosine-D in Photosystem II: Correlation of Energetics with EPR Spectroscopy and Oxidation-Induced Proton Transfer. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:3217-3231. [PMID: 30666866 PMCID: PMC6728127 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b13123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Photosystem II (PSII) of oxygenic photosynthesis captures sunlight to drive the catalytic oxidation of water and the reduction of plastoquinone. Among the several redox-active cofactors that participate in intricate electron transfer pathways there are two tyrosine residues, YZ and YD. They are situated in symmetry-related electron transfer branches but have different environments and play distinct roles. YZ is the immediate oxidant of the oxygen-evolving Mn4CaO5 cluster, whereas YD serves regulatory and protective functions. The protonation states and hydrogen-bond network in the environment of YD remain debated, while the role of microsolvation in stabilizing different redox states of YD and facilitating oxidation or mediating deprotonation, as well the fate of the phenolic proton, is unclear. Here we present detailed structural models of YD and its environment using large-scale quantum mechanical models and all-atom molecular dynamics of a complete PSII monomer. The energetics of water distribution within a hydrophobic cavity adjacent to YD are shown to correlate directly with electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) parameters such as the tyrosyl g-tensor, allowing us to map the correspondence between specific structural models and available experimental observations. EPR spectra obtained under different conditions are explained with respect to the mode of interaction of the proximal water with the tyrosyl radical and the position of the phenolic proton within the cavity. Our results revise previous models of the energetics and build a detailed view of the role of confined water in the oxidation and deprotonation of YD. Finally, the model of microsolvation developed in the present work rationalizes in a straightforward way the biphasic oxidation kinetics of YD, offering new structural insights regarding the function of the radical in biological photosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Sirohiwal
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung , Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1 , 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr , Germany
- Fakultät für Chemie und Biochemie , Ruhr-Universität Bochum , 44780 Bochum , Germany
| | - Frank Neese
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung , Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1 , 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr , Germany
| | - Dimitrios A Pantazis
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung , Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1 , 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr , Germany
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6
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Beal NJ, Corry TA, O’Malley PJ. Comparison between Experimental and Broken Symmetry Density Functional Theory (BS-DFT) Calculated Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) Parameters of the S2 State of the Oxygen-Evolving Complex of Photosystem II in Its Native (Calcium) and Strontium-Substituted Form. J Phys Chem B 2017; 121:11273-11283. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.7b09498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nathan J. Beal
- School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas A. Corry
- School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Patrick J. O’Malley
- School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
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8
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Terrett R, Petrie S, Stranger R, Pace RJ. What computational chemistry and magnetic resonance reveal concerning the oxygen evolving centre in Photosystem II. J Inorg Biochem 2016; 162:178-189. [PMID: 27157978 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2016.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Revised: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Density Functional Theory (DFT) computational studies of the Mn4/Ca Oxygen Evolving Complex (OEC) region of Photosystem II in the paramagnetic S2 and S3 states of the water oxdizing catalytic cycle are described. These build upon recent advances in computationally understanding the detailed S1 state OEC geometries, revealed by the recent high resolution Photosystem II crystal structures of Shen et al., at 1.90Å and 1.95Å (Petrie et al., 2015, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 54, 7120). The models feature a 'Low Oxidation Paradigm' assumption for the mean Mn oxidation states in the functional enzyme, with the mean oxidation levels being 3.0, 3.25 and 3.5 in S1, S2 and S3, respectively. These calculations are used to infer magnetic exchange interactions within the coupled OEC cluster, particularly in the Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR)-visible S2 and S3 states. Detailed computational estimates of the intrinsic magnitudes and molecular orientations of the 55Mn hyperfine tensors in the S2 state are presented. These parameters, together with the resultant spin projected hyperfine values are compared with recent appropriate experimental EPR data (Continuous Wave (CW), Electron-Nuclear Double Resonance (ENDOR) and ELDOR (Electron-Electron Double Resonance)-Detected Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (EDNMR)) from the OEC. It is found that an effective Coupled Dimer magnetic organization of the four Mn in the OEC cluster in the S2 and S3 states is able to quantitatively rationalize the observed 55Mn hyperfine data. This is consistent with structures we propose to represent the likely state of the OEC in the catalytically active form of the enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Terrett
- Research School of Chemistry, College of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
| | - Simon Petrie
- Research School of Chemistry, College of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
| | - Rob Stranger
- Research School of Chemistry, College of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
| | - Ron J Pace
- Research School of Chemistry, College of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia.
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9
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Jin L, Smith P, Noble CJ, Stranger R, Hanson GR, Pace RJ. Electronic structure of the oxygen evolving complex in photosystem II, as revealed by 55Mn Davies ENDOR studies at 2.5 K. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 16:7799-812. [PMID: 24643307 DOI: 10.1039/c3cp55189j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
We report the first (55)Mn pulsed ENDOR studies on the S2 state multiline spin ½ centre of the oxygen evolving complex (OEC) in Photosystem II (PS II), at temperatures below 4.2 K. These were performed on highly active samples of spinach PS II core complexes, developed previously in our laboratories for photosystem spectroscopic use, at temperatures down to 2.5 K. Under these conditions, relaxation effects which have previously hindered observation of most of the manganese ENDOR resonances from the OEC coupled Mn cluster are suppressed. (55)Mn ENDOR hyperfine couplings ranging from ∼50 to ∼680 MHz are now seen on the S2 state multiline EPR signal. These, together with complementary high resolution X-band CW EPR measurements and detailed simulations, reveal that at least two and probably three Mn hyperfine couplings with large anisotropy are seen, indicating that three Mn(III) ions are likely present in the functional S2 state of the enzyme. This suggests a low oxidation state paradigm for the OEC (mean Mn oxidation level 3.0 in the S1 state) and unexpected Mn exchange coupling in the S2 state, with two Mn ions nearly magnetically silent. Our results rationalize a number of previous ligand ESEEM/ENDOR studies and labelled water exchange experiments on the S2 state of the photosystem, in a common picture which is closely consistent with recent photo-assembly (Kolling et al., Biophys. J. 2012, 103, 313-322) and large scale computational studies on the OEC (Gatt et al., Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2012, 51, 12025-12028, Kurashige et al. Nat. Chem. 2013, 5, 660-666).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Jin
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia.
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10
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Najafpour MM, Fekete M, Sedigh DJ, Aro EM, Carpentier R, Eaton-Rye JJ, Nishihara H, Shen JR, Allakhverdiev SI, Spiccia L. Damage Management in Water-Oxidizing Catalysts: From Photosystem II to Nanosized Metal Oxides. ACS Catal 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/cs5015157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Monika Fekete
- School of Chemistry and the ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | | | - Eva-Mari Aro
- Department of Biochemistry and Food Chemistry, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Robert Carpentier
- Groupe de Recherche en Biologie Végétale (GRBV), Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, C.P. 500, Trois-Rivières, Québec G9A 5H7, Canada
| | - Julian J. Eaton-Rye
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Hiroshi Nishihara
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Jian-Ren Shen
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology/Faculty of Science, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Suleyman I. Allakhverdiev
- Controlled Photobiosynthesis Laboratory, Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Botanicheskaya Street 35, Moscow 127276, Russia
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region 142290, Russia
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1-12, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Leone Spiccia
- School of Chemistry and the ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia
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The D1-173 amino acid is a structural determinant of the critical interaction between D1-Tyr161 (Tyr Z ) and D1-His190 in Photosystem II. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2014; 1837:1922-1931. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2014.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2014] [Revised: 08/20/2014] [Accepted: 08/26/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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12
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Lohmiller T, Krewald V, Navarro MP, Retegan M, Rapatskiy L, Nowaczyk MM, Boussac A, Neese F, Lubitz W, Pantazis DA, Cox N. Structure, ligands and substrate coordination of the oxygen-evolving complex of photosystem II in the S2 state: a combined EPR and DFT study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:11877-92. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cp55017f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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13
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Chatterjee R, Milikisiyants S, Coates CS, Koua FHM, Shen JR, Lakshmi KV. The structure and activation of substrate water molecules in Sr2+-substituted photosystem II. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:20834-43. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cp03082f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
An EPR spectroscopy study with direct evidence that the Ca2+ ion plays a structural role in maintaining the hydrogen-bond network in photosystem II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruchira Chatterjee
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology
- The Baruch ’60 Center for Biochemical Solar Energy Research
- Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute
- Troy, USA
| | - Sergey Milikisiyants
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology
- The Baruch ’60 Center for Biochemical Solar Energy Research
- Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute
- Troy, USA
| | - Christopher S. Coates
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology
- The Baruch ’60 Center for Biochemical Solar Energy Research
- Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute
- Troy, USA
| | - Faisal H. M. Koua
- Photosynthesis Research Center
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology and Faculty of Science
- Okayama University
- Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Jian-Ren Shen
- Photosynthesis Research Center
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology and Faculty of Science
- Okayama University
- Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - K. V. Lakshmi
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology
- The Baruch ’60 Center for Biochemical Solar Energy Research
- Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute
- Troy, USA
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Möbius K, Lubitz W, Savitsky A. High-field EPR on membrane proteins - crossing the gap to NMR. PROGRESS IN NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY 2013; 75:1-49. [PMID: 24160760 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnmrs.2013.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2013] [Revised: 07/15/2013] [Accepted: 07/15/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
In this review on advanced EPR spectroscopy, which addresses both the EPR and NMR communities, considerable emphasis is put on delineating the complementarity of NMR and EPR concerning the measurement of molecular interactions in large biomolecules. From these interactions, detailed information can be revealed on structure and dynamics of macromolecules embedded in solution- or solid-state environments. New developments in pulsed microwave and sweepable cryomagnet technology as well as ultrafast electronics for signal data handling and processing have pushed to new horizons the limits of EPR spectroscopy and its multifrequency extensions concerning the sensitivity of detection, the selectivity with respect to interactions, and the resolution in frequency and time domains. One of the most important advances has been the extension of EPR to high magnetic fields and microwave frequencies, very much in analogy to what happens in NMR. This is exemplified by referring to ongoing efforts for signal enhancement in both NMR and EPR double-resonance techniques by exploiting dynamic nuclear or electron spin polarization via unpaired electron spins and their electron-nuclear or electron-electron interactions. Signal and resolution enhancements are particularly spectacular for double-resonance techniques such as ENDOR and PELDOR at high magnetic fields. They provide greatly improved orientational selection for disordered samples that approaches single-crystal resolution at canonical g-tensor orientations - even for molecules with small g-anisotropies. Exchange of experience between the EPR and NMR communities allows for handling polarization and resolution improvement strategies in an optimal manner. Consequently, a dramatic improvement of EPR detection sensitivity could be achieved, even for short-lived paramagnetic reaction intermediates. Unique structural and dynamic information is thus revealed that can hardly be obtained by any other analytical techniques. Micromolar quantities of sample molecules have become sufficient to characterize stable and transient reaction intermediates of complex molecular systems - offering highly interesting applications for chemists, biochemists and molecular biologists. In three case studies, representative examples of advanced EPR spectroscopy are reviewed: (I) High-field PELDOR and ENDOR structure determination of cation-anion radical pairs in reaction centers from photosynthetic purple bacteria and cyanobacteria (Photosystem I); (II) High-field ENDOR and ELDOR-detected NMR spectroscopy on the oxygen-evolving complex of Photosystem II; and (III) High-field electron dipolar spectroscopy on nitroxide spin-labelled bacteriorhodopsin for structure-function studies. An extended conclusion with an outlook to further developments and applications is also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaus Möbius
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstrasse 34-36, D-45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany; Department of Physics, Free University Berlin, Arnimallee 14, D-14195 Berlin, Germany.
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15
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Abstract
Photosystem II (PSII), a multisubunit pigment-protein supercomplex found in cyanobacteria, algae, and plants, catalyzes a unique reaction in nature: the light-driven oxidation of water. Remarkable recent advances in the structural analysis of PSII now give a detailed picture of the static supercomplex on the molecular level. These data provide a solid foundation for future functional studies, in particular the mechanism of water oxidation and oxygen release. The catalytic core of the PSII is a tetramanganese-calcium cluster (Mn₄O₅Ca), commonly referred to as the oxygen-evolving complex (OEC). The function of the OEC rests on its ability to cycle through five metastable states (Si, i = 0-4), transiently storing four oxidizing equivalents, and in so doing, facilitates the four electron water splitting reaction. While the latest crystallographic model of PSII gives an atomic picture of the OEC, the exact connectivity within the inorganic core and the S-state(s) that the X-ray model represents remain uncertain. In this Account, we describe our joint experimental and theoretical efforts to eliminate these ambiguities by combining the X-ray data with spectroscopic constraints and introducing computational modeling. We are developing quantum chemical methods to predict electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) parameters for transition metal clusters, especially focusing on spin-projection approaches combined with density functional theory (DFT) calculations. We aim to resolve the geometric and electronic structures of all S-states, correlating their structural features with spectroscopic observations to elucidate reactivity. The sequence of manganese oxidations and concomitant charge compensation events via proton transfer allow us to rationalize the multielectron S-state cycle. EPR spectroscopy combined with theoretical calculations provides a unique window into the tetramangenese complex, in particular its protonation states and metal ligand sphere evolution, far beyond the scope of static techniques such as X-ray crystallography. This approach has led, for example, to a detailed understanding of the EPR signals in the S₂-state of the OEC in terms of two interconvertible, isoenergetic structures. These two structures differ in their valence distribution and spin multiplicity, which has important consequences for substrate binding and may explain its low barrier exchange with solvent water. New experimental techniques and innovative sample preparations are beginning to unravel the complex sequence of substrate uptake/inclusion, which is coupled to proton release. The introduction of specific site perturbations, such as replacing Ca²⁺ with Sr²⁺, provides discrete information about the ligand environment of the individual Mn ions. In this way, we have identified a potential open coordination site for one Mn center, which may serve as a substrate binding site in the higher S-states, such as S₃ and S₄. In addition, we can now monitor the binding of the substrate water in the lower S-states (S₁ and S₂) using new EPR-detected NMR spectroscopies. These studies provided the first evidence that one of the substrates is subsumed into the complex itself and forms an oxo-bridge between two Mn ions. This result places important new restrictions on the mechanism of O-O bond formation. These new insights from nature's water splitting catalyst provide important criteria for the rational design of bioinspired synthetic catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Cox
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstrasse 34-36, D-45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Dimitrios A. Pantazis
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstrasse 34-36, D-45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Frank Neese
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstrasse 34-36, D-45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Lubitz
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstrasse 34-36, D-45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
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16
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Chatterjee R, Coates CS, Milikisiyants S, Lee CI, Wagner A, Poluektov OG, Lakshmi KV. High-Frequency Electron Nuclear Double-Resonance Spectroscopy Studies of the Mechanism of Proton-Coupled Electron Transfer at the Tyrosine-D Residue of Photosystem II. Biochemistry 2013; 52:4781-90. [DOI: 10.1021/bi3012093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ruchira Chatterjee
- Department of Chemistry and
Chemical Biology and The Baruch ’60 Center for Biochemical
Solar Energy Research, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, United States
| | - Christopher S. Coates
- Department of Chemistry and
Chemical Biology and The Baruch ’60 Center for Biochemical
Solar Energy Research, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, United States
| | - Sergey Milikisiyants
- Department of Chemistry and
Chemical Biology and The Baruch ’60 Center for Biochemical
Solar Energy Research, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, United States
| | - Cheng-I Lee
- Department of Life Science, National Chung Cheng University, 168 University Road,
Min-Hsiung, Chia-Yi 621, Taiwan
| | - Arlene Wagner
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering
Division, Argonne National Laboratory,
9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Oleg G. Poluektov
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering
Division, Argonne National Laboratory,
9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - K. V. Lakshmi
- Department of Chemistry and
Chemical Biology and The Baruch ’60 Center for Biochemical
Solar Energy Research, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, United States
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17
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Glöckner C, Kern J, Broser M, Zouni A, Yachandra V, Yano J. Structural changes of the oxygen-evolving complex in photosystem II during the catalytic cycle. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:22607-20. [PMID: 23766513 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.476622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The oxygen-evolving complex (OEC) in the membrane-bound protein complex photosystem II (PSII) catalyzes the water oxidation reaction that takes place in oxygenic photosynthetic organisms. We investigated the structural changes of the Mn4CaO5 cluster in the OEC during the S state transitions using x-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). Overall structural changes of the Mn4CaO5 cluster, based on the manganese ligand and Mn-Mn distances obtained from this study, were incorporated into the geometry of the Mn4CaO5 cluster in the OEC obtained from a polarized XAS model and the 1.9-Å high resolution crystal structure. Additionally, we compared the S1 state XAS of the dimeric and monomeric form of PSII from Thermosynechococcus elongatus and spinach PSII. Although the basic structures of the OEC are the same for T. elongatus PSII and spinach PSII, minor electronic structural differences that affect the manganese K-edge XAS between T. elongatus PSII and spinach PSII are found and may originate from differences in the second sphere ligand atom geometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina Glöckner
- Institut für Chemie/Max-Volmer-Laboratorium für Biophysikalische Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, D-10623 Berlin, Germany
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19
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Alternating electron and proton transfer steps in photosynthetic water oxidation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2012; 109:16035-40. [PMID: 22988080 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1206266109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Water oxidation by cyanobacteria, algae, and plants is pivotal in oxygenic photosynthesis, the process that powers life on Earth, and is the paradigm for engineering solar fuel-production systems. Each complete reaction cycle of photosynthetic water oxidation requires the removal of four electrons and four protons from the catalytic site, a manganese-calcium complex and its protein environment in photosystem II. In time-resolved photothermal beam deflection experiments, we monitored apparent volume changes of the photosystem II protein associated with charge creation by light-induced electron transfer (contraction) and charge-compensating proton relocation (expansion). Two previously invisible proton removal steps were detected, thereby filling two gaps in the basic reaction-cycle model of photosynthetic water oxidation. In the S(2) → S(3) transition of the classical S-state cycle, an intermediate is formed by deprotonation clearly before electron transfer to the oxidant (Y Z OX). The rate-determining elementary step (τ, approximately 30 µs at 20 °C) in the long-distance proton relocation toward the protein-water interface is characterized by a high activation energy (E(a) = 0.46 ± 0.05 eV) and strong H/D kinetic isotope effect (approximately 6). The characteristics of a proton transfer step during the S(0) → S(1) transition are similar (τ, approximately 100 µs; E(a) = 0.34 ± 0.08 eV; kinetic isotope effect, approximately 3); however, the proton removal from the Mn complex proceeds after electron transfer to . By discovery of the transient formation of two further intermediate states in the reaction cycle of photosynthetic water oxidation, a temporal sequence of strictly alternating removal of electrons and protons from the catalytic site is established.
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Lohmiller T, Cox N, Su JH, Messinger J, Lubitz W. The basic properties of the electronic structure of the oxygen-evolving complex of photosystem II are not perturbed by Ca2+ removal. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:24721-33. [PMID: 22549771 PMCID: PMC3397899 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.365288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2012] [Revised: 04/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Ca(2+) is an integral component of the Mn(4)O(5)Ca cluster of the oxygen-evolving complex in photosystem II (PS II). Its removal leads to the loss of the water oxidizing functionality. The S(2)' state of the Ca(2+)-depleted cluster from spinach is examined by X- and Q-band EPR and (55)Mn electron nuclear double resonance (ENDOR) spectroscopy. Spectral simulations demonstrate that upon Ca(2+) removal, its electronic structure remains essentially unaltered, i.e. that of a manganese tetramer. No redistribution of the manganese valence states and only minor perturbation of the exchange interactions between the manganese ions were found. Interestingly, the S(2)' state in spinach PS II is very similar to the native S(2) state of Thermosynechococcus elongatus in terms of spin state energies and insensitivity to methanol addition. These results assign the Ca(2+) a functional as opposed to a structural role in water splitting catalysis, such as (i) being essential for efficient proton-coupled electron transfer between Y(Z) and the manganese cluster and/or (ii) providing an initial binding site for substrate water. Additionally, a novel (55)Mn(2+) signal, detected by Q-band pulse EPR and ENDOR, was observed in Ca(2+)-depleted PS II. Mn(2+) titration, monitored by (55)Mn ENDOR, revealed a specific Mn(2+) binding site with a submicromolar K(D). Ca(2+) titration of Mn(2+)-loaded, Ca(2+)-depleted PS II demonstrated that the site is reversibly made accessible to Mn(2+) by Ca(2+) depletion and reconstitution. Mn(2+) is proposed to bind at one of the extrinsic subunits. This process is possibly relevant for the formation of the Mn(4)O(5)Ca cluster during photoassembly and/or D1 repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Lohmiller
- From the Max-Planck-Institut für
Bioanorganische Chemie, Stiftstrasse 34-36, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr,
Germany and
| | - Nicholas Cox
- From the Max-Planck-Institut für
Bioanorganische Chemie, Stiftstrasse 34-36, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr,
Germany and
| | - Ji-Hu Su
- From the Max-Planck-Institut für
Bioanorganische Chemie, Stiftstrasse 34-36, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr,
Germany and
| | - Johannes Messinger
- the Department of Chemistry, Chemical
Biological Centre (KBC), Umeå University, S-90187 Umeå,
Sweden
| | - Wolfgang Lubitz
- From the Max-Planck-Institut für
Bioanorganische Chemie, Stiftstrasse 34-36, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr,
Germany and
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Chatterjee R, Milikisiyants S, Lakshmi KV. Two-dimensional 14N HYSCORE spectroscopy of the coordination geometry of ligands in dimanganese di-μ-oxo mimics of the oxygen evolving complex of photosystem II. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2012; 14:7090-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cp40416h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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22
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Schraut J, Arbuznikov AV, Schinzel S, Kaupp M. Computation of Hyperfine Tensors for Dinuclear MnIIIMnIV Complexes by Broken-Symmetry Approaches: Anisotropy Transfer Induced by Local Zero-Field Splitting. Chemphyschem 2011; 12:3170-9. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201100443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2011] [Revised: 10/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Ames W, Pantazis DA, Krewald V, Cox N, Messinger J, Lubitz W, Neese F. Theoretical evaluation of structural models of the S2 state in the oxygen evolving complex of Photosystem II: protonation states and magnetic interactions. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:19743-57. [PMID: 22092013 DOI: 10.1021/ja2041805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 232] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Protonation states of water ligands and oxo bridges are intimately involved in tuning the electronic structures and oxidation potentials of the oxygen evolving complex (OEC) in Photosystem II, steering the mechanistic pathway, which involves at least five redox state intermediates S(n) (n = 0-4) resulting in the oxidation of water to molecular oxygen. Although protons are practically invisible in protein crystallography, their effects on the electronic structure and magnetic properties of metal active sites can be probed using spectroscopy. With the twin purpose of aiding the interpretation of the complex electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopic data of the OEC and of improving the view of the cluster at the atomic level, a complete set of protonation configurations for the S(2) state of the OEC were investigated, and their distinctive effects on magnetic properties of the cluster were evaluated. The most recent X-ray structure of Photosystem II at 1.9 Å resolution was used and refined to obtain the optimum structure for the Mn(4)O(5)Ca core within the protein pocket. Employing this model, a set of 26 structures was constructed that tested various protonation scenarios of the water ligands and oxo bridges. Our results suggest that one of the two water molecules that are proposed to coordinate the outer Mn ion (Mn(A)) of the cluster is deprotonated in the S(2) state, as this leads to optimal experimental agreement, reproducing the correct ground state spin multiplicity (S = 1/2), spin expectation values, and EXAFS-derived metal-metal distances. Deprotonation of Ca(2+)-bound water molecules is strongly disfavored in the S(2) state, but dissociation of one of the two water ligands appears to be facile. The computed isotropic hyperfine couplings presented here allow distinctions between models to be made and call into question the assumption that the largest coupling is always attributable to Mn(III). The present results impose limits for the total charge and the proton configuration of the OEC in the S(2) state, with implications for the cascade of events in the Kok cycle and for the water splitting mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Ames
- Max-Planck-Institut für Bioanorganische Chemie, Stiftstr. 34-36, D-45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
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24
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Cox N, Rapatskiy L, Su JH, Pantazis DA, Sugiura M, Kulik L, Dorlet P, Rutherford AW, Neese F, Boussac A, Lubitz W, Messinger J. Effect of Ca2+/Sr2+ Substitution on the Electronic Structure of the Oxygen-Evolving Complex of Photosystem II: A Combined Multifrequency EPR, 55Mn-ENDOR, and DFT Study of the S2 State. J Am Chem Soc 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/ja202794m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Grundmeier A, Dau H. Structural models of the manganese complex of photosystem II and mechanistic implications. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2011; 1817:88-105. [PMID: 21787743 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2011.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2011] [Revised: 07/06/2011] [Accepted: 07/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Photosynthetic water oxidation and O₂ formation are catalyzed by a Mn₄Ca complex bound to the proteins of photosystem II (PSII). The catalytic site, including the inorganic Mn₄CaO(n)H(x) core and its protein environment, is denoted as oxygen-evolving complex (OEC). Earlier and recent progress in the endeavor to elucidate the structure of the OEC is reviewed, with focus on recent results obtained by (i) X−ray spectroscopy (specifically by EXAFS analyses), and (ii) X-ray diffraction (XRD, protein crystallography). Very recently, an impressive resolution of 1.9Å has been achieved by XRD. Most likely however, all XRD data on the Mn₄CaO(n)H(x) core of the OEC are affected by X-ray induced modifications (radiation damage). Therefore and to address (important) details of the geometric and electronic structure of the OEC, a combined analysis of XRD and XAS data has been approached by several research groups. These efforts are reviewed and extended using an especially comprehensive approach. Taking into account XRD results on the protein environment of the inorganic core of the Mn complex, 12 alternative OEC models are considered and evaluated by quantitative comparison to (i) extended-range EXAFS data, (ii) polarized EXAFS of partially oriented PSII membrane particles, and (iii) polarized EXAFS of PSII crystals. We conclude that there is a class of OEC models that is in good agreement with both the recent crystallographic models and the XAS data. On these grounds, mechanistic implications for the O−O bond formation chemistry are discussed. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Photosystem II.
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26
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Su JH, Cox N, Ames W, Pantazis DA, Rapatskiy L, Lohmiller T, Kulik LV, Dorlet P, Rutherford AW, Neese F, Boussac A, Lubitz W, Messinger J. The electronic structures of the S(2) states of the oxygen-evolving complexes of photosystem II in plants and cyanobacteria in the presence and absence of methanol. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2011; 1807:829-40. [PMID: 21406177 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2011.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2011] [Revised: 03/02/2011] [Accepted: 03/04/2011] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The electronic properties of the Mn(4)O(x)Ca cluster in the S(2) state of the oxygen-evolving complex (OEC) were studied using X- and Q-band EPR and Q-band (55)Mn-ENDOR using photosystem II preparations isolated from the thermophilic cyanobacterium T. elongatus and higher plants (spinach). The data presented here show that there is very little difference between the two species. Specifically it is shown that: (i) only small changes are seen in the fitted isotropic hyperfine values, suggesting that there is no significant difference in the overall spin distribution (electronic coupling scheme) between the two species; (ii) the inferred fine-structure tensor of the only Mn(III) ion in the cluster is of the same magnitude and geometry for both species types, suggesting that the Mn(III) ion has the same coordination sphere in both sample preparations; and (iii) the data from both species are consistent with only one structural model available in the literature, namely the Siegbahn structure [Siegbahn, P. E. M. Accounts Chem. Res.2009, 42, 1871-1880, Pantazis, D. A. et al., Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.2009, 11, 6788-6798]. These measurements were made in the presence of methanol because it confers favorable magnetic relaxation properties to the cluster that facilitate pulse-EPR techniques. In the absence of methanol the separation of the ground state and the first excited state of the spin system is smaller. For cyanobacteria this effect is minor but in plant PS II it leads to a break-down of the S(T)=½ spin model of the S(2) state. This suggests that the methanol-OEC interaction is species dependent. It is proposed that the effect of small organic solvents on the electronic structure of the cluster is to change the coupling between the outer Mn (Mn(A)) and the other three Mn ions that form the trimeric part of the cluster (Mn(B), Mn(C), Mn(D)), by perturbing the linking bis-μ-oxo bridge. The flexibility of this bridging unit is discussed with regard to the mechanism of O-O bond formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Hu Su
- Max-Planck-Institut für Bioanorganische Chemie, D-45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
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27
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Matsuoka H, Shen JR, Kawamori A, Nishiyama K, Ohba Y, Yamauchi S. Proton-Coupled Electron-Transfer Processes in Photosystem II Probed by Highly Resolved g-Anisotropy of Redox-Active Tyrosine YZ. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:4655-60. [DOI: 10.1021/ja2000566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hideto Matsuoka
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Katahira-2-1-1, Aobaku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Jian-Ren Shen
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Okayama University, Naka-Tsushima, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Asako Kawamori
- Agape-Kabutoyama Institute of Medicine, Kabutoyama-cho 54-3, Nishinomiya 662-0001, Japan
| | - Kei Nishiyama
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Katahira-2-1-1, Aobaku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Yasunori Ohba
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Katahira-2-1-1, Aobaku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Seigo Yamauchi
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Katahira-2-1-1, Aobaku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
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Schinzel S, Schraut J, Arbuznikov A, Siegbahn P, Kaupp M. Density Functional Calculations of 55Mn, 14N and 13C Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Parameters Support an Energetically Feasible Model System for the S2 State of the Oxygen-Evolving Complex of Photosystem II. Chemistry 2010; 16:10424-38. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201000584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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29
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Broser M, Gabdulkhakov A, Kern J, Guskov A, Müh F, Saenger W, Zouni A. Crystal structure of monomeric photosystem II from Thermosynechococcus elongatus at 3.6-a resolution. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:26255-62. [PMID: 20558739 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.127589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The membrane-embedded photosystem II core complex (PSIIcc) uses light energy to oxidize water in photosynthesis. Information about the spatial structure of PSIIcc obtained from x-ray crystallography was so far derived from homodimeric PSIIcc of thermophilic cyanobacteria. Here, we report the first crystallization and structural analysis of the monomeric form of PSIIcc with high oxygen evolution capacity, isolated from Thermosynechococcus elongatus. The crystals belong to the space group C222(1), contain one monomer per asymmetric unit, and diffract to a resolution of 3.6 A. The x-ray diffraction pattern of the PSIIcc-monomer crystals exhibit less anisotropy (dependence of resolution on crystal orientation) compared with crystals of dimeric PSIIcc, and the packing of the molecules within the unit cell is different. In the monomer, 19 protein subunits, 35 chlorophylls, two pheophytins, the non-heme iron, the primary plastoquinone Q(A), two heme groups, 11 beta-carotenes, 22 lipids, seven detergent molecules, and the Mn(4)Ca cluster of the water oxidizing complex could be assigned analogous to the dimer. Based on the new structural information, the roles of lipids and protein subunits in dimer formation of PSIIcc are discussed. Due to the lack of non-crystallographic symmetry and the orientation of the membrane normal of PSIIcc perpendicular ( approximately 87 degrees ) to the crystallographic b-axis, further information about the structure of the Mn(4)Ca cluster is expected to become available from orientation-dependent spectroscopy on this new crystal form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Broser
- Institute of Chemistry, Max Volmer Laboratory of Biophysical Chemistry, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Keßen S, Teutloff C, Kern J, Zouni A, Bittl R. High-Field 2H-Mims-ENDOR Spectroscopy on PSII Single Crystals: Hydrogen Bonding of YD. Chemphyschem 2010; 11:1275-82. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.200901019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Guskov A, Gabdulkhakov A, Broser M, Glöckner C, Hellmich J, Kern J, Frank J, Müh F, Saenger W, Zouni A. Recent Progress in the Crystallographic Studies of Photosystem II. Chemphyschem 2010; 11:1160-71. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.200900901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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32
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Hart R, O'Malley PJ. A quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics study of the tyrosine residue, TyrD, of Photosystem II. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2010; 1797:250-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2009.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2009] [Revised: 10/23/2009] [Accepted: 10/27/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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