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Kumar R, Dohi T, Zhdankin VV. Organohypervalent heterocycles. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:4786-4827. [PMID: 38545658 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs01055k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
This review summarizes the structural and synthetic aspects of heterocyclic molecules incorporating an atom of a hypervalent main-group element. The term "hypervalent" has been suggested for derivatives of main-group elements with more than eight valence electrons, and the concept of hypervalency is commonly used despite some criticism from theoretical chemists. The significantly higher thermal stability of hypervalent heterocycles compared to their acyclic analogs adds special features to their chemistry, particularly for bromine and iodine. Heterocyclic compounds of elements with double bonds are not categorized as hypervalent molecules owing to the zwitterionic nature of these bonds, resulting in the conventional 8-electron species. This review is focused on hypervalent heterocyclic derivatives of nonmetal main-group elements, such as boron, silicon, nitrogen, carbon, phosphorus, sulfur, selenium, bromine, chlorine, iodine(III) and iodine(V).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, J C Bose University of Science and Technology, YMCA, NH-2, Sector-6, Mathura Road, Faridabad, 121006, Haryana, India.
| | - Toshifumi Dohi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, Kusatsu, Shiga, 525-8577, Japan.
| | - Viktor V Zhdankin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 1038 University Drive, 126 HCAMS University of Minnesota Duluth, Duluth, Minnesota 55812, USA.
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2
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O'Reilly A, Evans MJ, McMullin CL, Fulton JR, Coles MP. Pinacol Cross-Coupling Promoted by an Aluminyl Anion. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202302999. [PMID: 37786922 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
A simple sequential addition protocol for the reductive coupling of ketones and aldehydes by a potassium aluminyl grants access to unsymmetrical pinacolate derivatives. Isolation of an aluminium ketyl complex presents evidence for the accessibility of radical species. Product release from the aluminium centre was achieved using an iodosilane, forming the disilylated 1,2-diol and a neutral aluminium iodide, thereby demonstrating the steps required to generate a closed synthetic cycle for pinacol (cross) coupling at an aluminyl anion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea O'Reilly
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, P.O. Box 600, Wellington, 6012, New Zealand
| | - Matthew J Evans
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, P.O. Box 600, Wellington, 6012, New Zealand
| | | | - J Robin Fulton
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, P.O. Box 600, Wellington, 6012, New Zealand
| | - Martyn P Coles
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, P.O. Box 600, Wellington, 6012, New Zealand
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3
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Hsieh H, Tu M, Su Y, Ko B, Das K, Huang J. Synthesis and structures of tantalum chloride and tantalum aryloxide compounds bearing bidentate and tridentate pyrrole‐amine ligands. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.202100295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hsiang‐Hua Hsieh
- Department of Chemistry National Changhua University of Education Changhua Taiwan
| | - Meng‐Hsiu Tu
- Department of Chemistry National Changhua University of Education Changhua Taiwan
| | - Yu‐Chia Su
- Department of Chemistry National Chung‐Hsing University Taichung Taiwan
| | - Bao‐Tsan Ko
- Department of Chemistry National Chung‐Hsing University Taichung Taiwan
| | - Kuheli Das
- Department of Chemistry National Changhua University of Education Changhua Taiwan
| | - Jui‐Hsien Huang
- Department of Chemistry National Changhua University of Education Changhua Taiwan
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Moskalev MV, Razborov DA, Bazanov AA, Sokolov VG, Koptseva TS, Baranov EV, Fedushkin IL. One-step synthesis of new aluminum hydrides bearing a highly sterically hindered acenaphthene-1,2-diimine ligand. MENDELEEV COMMUNICATIONS 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mencom.2020.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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Thompson CV, Tonzetich ZJ. Pincer ligands incorporating pyrrolyl units: Versatile platforms for organometallic chemistry and catalysis. ADVANCES IN ORGANOMETALLIC CHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.adomc.2020.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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6
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Uhl W, Honacker C, Lawrence N, Hepp A, Schürmann L, Layh M. Hydroalumination of Oligoalkynylgermanes and -digermanes - Reactions with Heterocumulenes by Al-C or Ge-C Bond Activation and Formation of a Hexazenedialuminum Complex. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.201800159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Werner Uhl
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie; Universität Münster; Corrensstraße 30 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Christian Honacker
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie; Universität Münster; Corrensstraße 30 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Neil Lawrence
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie; Universität Münster; Corrensstraße 30 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Alexander Hepp
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie; Universität Münster; Corrensstraße 30 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Lina Schürmann
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie; Universität Münster; Corrensstraße 30 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Marcus Layh
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie; Universität Münster; Corrensstraße 30 48149 Münster Germany
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7
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Soluble aluminum hydrides function as catalysts in deprotonation, insertion, and activation reactions. Coord Chem Rev 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2017.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Fernández-Millán M, Temprado M, Cano J, Cuenca T, Mosquera MEG. Synthesis of novel chiral heterometallic terpene oximates: unusual generation of an aluminium enolate by a cooperative effect. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:10514-8. [PMID: 27301830 DOI: 10.1039/c6dt02116f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Al-K heterometallic terpene oximate derivatives with uncommon structural features are reported. These species react with an aryl ketone leading to heterometallic enolates via an unusual route. Isolation of a remarkable heterometallic Al-K enolate confirms the cooperative mechanism proposed by DFT calculations, where the oximate ligand has a prominent role. From these enolates the formation of new C-C bonds is straightforward.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Fernández-Millán
- Inorganic Chemistry Department, University of Alcala, Campus Universitario, 28805, Alcalá de Henares, Spain.
| | - Manuel Temprado
- Physical Chemistry Department, University of Alcala, Campus Universitario, 28805, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Jesús Cano
- Inorganic Chemistry Department, University of Alcala, Campus Universitario, 28805, Alcalá de Henares, Spain.
| | - Tomás Cuenca
- Inorganic Chemistry Department, University of Alcala, Campus Universitario, 28805, Alcalá de Henares, Spain.
| | - Marta E G Mosquera
- Inorganic Chemistry Department, University of Alcala, Campus Universitario, 28805, Alcalá de Henares, Spain.
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Basiak D, Ochal Z, Justyniak I, Ziemkowska W. 1-(1,3-Benzothiazol-2-ylsulfanyl)propan-2-olate anion as a potential multifunctional ligand in aluminum complexes. Polyhedron 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2015.10.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Tridentate pyrrolylzinc compounds: Synthesis, structures, reactivities and catalytic cyclotrimerization reaction of isocyanate. J Organomet Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2014.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Franz D, Inoue S. Activation of Elemental Sulfur by Aluminum Dihydride: Isolation of Mono- and Bis(hydrogensulfide) Complexes of Aluminum. Chemistry 2014; 20:10645-9. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201402293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Yamamoto K, Shibata Y, Kashiwa Y, Kondo A, Tsurugi H, Mashima K. C–H Metalation Reaction of Diarylamine and Carbazole by Alkylaluminum Complexes at the Heteroatom‐Bridged Dimeric Aluminum Core. Eur J Inorg Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201300210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Koji Yamamoto
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, and CREST, JST, Toyonaka, Osaka 560‐8531, Japan, Fax: +81‐6‐6850‐6245, http://www.organomet.chem.es.osaka‐u.ac.jp/
| | - Yu Shibata
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, and CREST, JST, Toyonaka, Osaka 560‐8531, Japan, Fax: +81‐6‐6850‐6245, http://www.organomet.chem.es.osaka‐u.ac.jp/
| | - Yuki Kashiwa
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, and CREST, JST, Toyonaka, Osaka 560‐8531, Japan, Fax: +81‐6‐6850‐6245, http://www.organomet.chem.es.osaka‐u.ac.jp/
| | - Ai Kondo
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, and CREST, JST, Toyonaka, Osaka 560‐8531, Japan, Fax: +81‐6‐6850‐6245, http://www.organomet.chem.es.osaka‐u.ac.jp/
| | - Hayato Tsurugi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, and CREST, JST, Toyonaka, Osaka 560‐8531, Japan, Fax: +81‐6‐6850‐6245, http://www.organomet.chem.es.osaka‐u.ac.jp/
| | - Kazushi Mashima
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, and CREST, JST, Toyonaka, Osaka 560‐8531, Japan, Fax: +81‐6‐6850‐6245, http://www.organomet.chem.es.osaka‐u.ac.jp/
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Velavan A, Sumathi S, Balasubramanian KK. AlMe3-Mediated Regio- and Chemoselective Reactions of Indole with Carbamoyl Electrophiles. European J Org Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201300085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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14
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Nako AE, Gates SJ, White AJP, Crimmin MR. Preparation and properties of a series of structurally diverse aluminium hydrides supported by β-diketiminate and bis(amide) ligands. Dalton Trans 2013; 42:15199-206. [PMID: 23999557 DOI: 10.1039/c3dt52148f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adi E Nako
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.
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Preparation of aluminum(III) (bis(amido)pyridine)(thiolate) complexes: unexpected transmetalation mediated by LiAlH(4). Inorganica Chim Acta 2012; 382:19-26. [PMID: 22345823 DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2011.09.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Treatment of an unsymmetrical bis(imino)pyridyl-thiolate zinc(II) complex [Zn(II)(LN(3)S)(OTf)] (1) with LiAlH(4) results in the double reduction of the two imino groups in the ligand backbone, and at the same time causes a rare transmetalation reaction to occur. The products formed in this reaction are two novel aluminium(III) bis(amido)pyridyl-thiolate complexes [(R,S/S,R-[Al(III)(LH(2)N(3)S)(THF)] (2a) and [(R,R/S,S-[Al(III)(LH(2)N(3)S)(THF)] (2b), which are diastereomers of each other. These complexes have been characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction and (1)H NMR spectroscopy. Single crystal X-ray structure analysis shows that the Al(III) ion is bound in an almost idealized square pyramidal geometry in 2a, while being held in a more distorted square pyramidal geometry in 2b. The major difference between 2a and 2b arises in the orientation of the terminal methyl groups of the ligand backbone in relation to the Al(III)N(3)S plane. These two complexes are crystallized at different temperatures (room temperature vs -35 °C), allowing for their separate isolation. Structural analysis shows that these complexes are reduced by the formal addition of one hydride ion to each imino group, resulting in a deprotonated bis(amido)pyridyl-thiolate ligand. A detailed analysis of metrical parameters rules out the possibility of pure one- or two-electron reduction of the π-conjugated bis(imino)pyridine framework. (1)H NMR spectra reveal a rich pattern in solution indicating that the solution state structures for 2a and 2b match those observed in the solid-state crystal structures, and reveal that both complexes are severely conformationally restricted. Direct organic synthetic methods failed to produce the reduced bis(amino)pyridyl-thiol ligand in pure form, but during the course of these efforts an unusual unsymmetrical aminopyridyl ketone, 1-(6-(1-(2,6-diisopropylphenylamino)ethyl)pyridin-2-yl)ethanone was synthesized in good yield and can be used as a possible precursor for further ligand development.
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Schmidt S, Schäper R, Schulz S, Bläser D, Wölper C. Insertion Reactions of Heterocumulenes into Zn−C Bonds: Synthesis and Structural Characterization of Multinuclear Zinc Amidate Complexes. Organometallics 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/om101107e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Schmidt
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45117 Essen, Germany
| | - Raphaela Schäper
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45117 Essen, Germany
| | - Stephan Schulz
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45117 Essen, Germany
| | - Dieter Bläser
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45117 Essen, Germany
| | - Christoph Wölper
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45117 Essen, Germany
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