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Kim T, Bell MR, Thota VN, Lowary TL. One-Pot Regioselective Diacylation of Pyranoside 1,2- cis Diols. J Org Chem 2022; 87:4894-4907. [PMID: 35290061 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c00252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A one-pot strategy for functionalizing pyranoside 1,2-cis-diols with two different ester protecting groups is reported. The approach employs regioselective acylation via orthoester hydrolysis promoted by a carboxylic acid, e.g., levulinic acid, acetic acid, benzoic acid, or chloroacetic acid. Upon removal of water and introduction of a coupling agent, the carboxylic acid is esterified to the hydroxyl group liberated during hydrolysis. Although applied to 1,2-cis-diols on pyranoside scaffolds, the method should be applicable to such motifs on any six-membered ring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taeok Kim
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, T6G 2G2
| | - Michael R Bell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, T6G 2G2
| | - V Narasimharao Thota
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, T6G 2G2
| | - Todd L Lowary
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, T6G 2G2.,Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Academia Road, Section 2, #128, Nangang, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan.,Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, Roosevelt Road, Section 4, #1, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
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2
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Tsvetkov YE, Yudina ON, Nifantiev NE. 3-Amino-3-deoxy- and 4-amino-4-deoxyhexoses in the synthesis of natural carbohydrate compounds and their analogues. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2021. [DOI: 10.1070/rcr4974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Toxin-neutralizing antibodies elicited by naturally acquired cutaneous anthrax are elevated following severe disease and appear to target conformational epitopes. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0230782. [PMID: 32294093 PMCID: PMC7159215 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0230782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding immune responses to native antigens in response to natural infections can lead to improved approaches to vaccination. This study sought to characterize the humoral immune response to anthrax toxin components, capsule and spore antigens in individuals (n = 46) from the Kayseri and Malatya regions of Turkey who had recovered from mild or severe forms of cutaneous anthrax infection, compared to regional healthy controls (n = 20). IgG antibodies to each toxin component, the poly-γ-D-glutamic acid capsule, the Bacillus collagen-like protein of anthracis (BclA) spore antigen, and the spore carbohydrate anthrose, were detected in the cases, with anthrax toxin neutralization and responses to Protective Antigen (PA) and Lethal Factor (LF) being higher following severe forms of the disease. Significant correlative relationships among responses to PA, LF, Edema Factor (EF) and capsule were observed among the cases. Though some regional control sera exhibited binding to a subset of the tested antigens, these samples did not neutralize anthrax toxins and lacked correlative relationships among antigen binding specificities observed in the cases. Comparison of serum binding to overlapping decapeptides covering the entire length of PA, LF and EF proteins in 26 cases compared to 8 regional controls revealed that anthrax toxin-neutralizing antibody responses elicited following natural cutaneous anthrax infection are directed to conformational epitopes. These studies support the concept of vaccination approaches that preserve conformational epitopes.
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Abstract
The varied landscape of the adaptive immune response is determined by the peptides presented by immune cells, derived from viral or microbial pathogens or cancerous cells. The study of immune biomarkers or antigens is not new, and classical methods such as agglutination, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, or Western blotting have been used for many years to study the immune response to vaccination or disease. However, in many of these traditional techniques, protein or peptide identification has often been the bottleneck. Recent progress in genomics and mass spectrometry have led to many of the rapid advances in proteomics approaches. Immunoproteomics describes a rapidly growing collection of approaches that have the common goal of identifying and measuring antigenic peptides or proteins. This includes gel-based, array-based, mass spectrometry-based, DNA-based, or in silico approaches. Immunoproteomics is yielding an understanding of disease and disease progression, vaccine candidates, and biomarkers. This review gives an overview of immunoproteomics and closely related technologies that are used to define the full set of protein antigens targeted by the immune system during disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly M Fulton
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Isabel Baltat
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Susan M Twine
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
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Sarkar V, Mukhopadhyay B. Synthesis of the tetrasaccharide related to the repeating unit of the O-antigen from Azospirillum brasilense Jm125A2 in the form of its 2-aminoethyl glycoside. Carbohydr Res 2018; 470:13-18. [PMID: 30292926 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2018.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Revised: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Total chemical synthesis of the linear tetrasaccharide repeating unit β-D-Glc-(1 → 2)-α-L-Rha-(1 → 3)-α-L-Rha-(1 → 2)-α-L-Rha-CH2CH2NH2 of the O-antigen from Azospirillum brasilense Jm125A2 is accomplished through rational protecting group manipulations of commercially available monosaccharides and stereoselective glycosylations. The target tetrasaccharide in the form of its 2-aminoethyl glycoside is obtained in ∼24% yield over 10 steps following a linear strategy. The structure is particularly suitable for further glycoconjugate formation through the terminal free amine without hampering the reducing end stereochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikramjit Sarkar
- Sweet Lab, Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur, Nadia, 741246, India
| | - Balaram Mukhopadhyay
- Sweet Lab, Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur, Nadia, 741246, India.
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Geng X, Wang L, Gu G, Guo Z. Synthesis of a trisaccharide repeating unit of the O-antigen from Burkholderia anthina and its dimer. Carbohydr Res 2016; 427:13-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2016.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Revised: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 03/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Abstract
The varied landscape of the adaptive immune response is determined by the peptides presented by immune cells, derived from viral or microbial pathogens or cancerous cells. The study of immune biomarkers or antigens is not new and classical methods such as agglutination, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, or Western blotting have been used for many years to study the immune response to vaccination or disease. However, in many of these traditional techniques, protein or peptide identification has often been the bottleneck. Recent advances in genomics and proteomics, has led to many of the rapid advances in proteomics approaches. Immunoproteomics describes a rapidly growing collection of approaches that have the common goal of identifying and measuring antigenic peptides or proteins. This includes gel based, array based, mass spectrometry, DNA based, or in silico approaches. Immunoproteomics is yielding an understanding of disease and disease progression, vaccine candidates, and biomarkers. This review gives an overview of immunoproteomics and closely related technologies that are used to define the full set of antigens targeted by the immune system during disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly M Fulton
- Human Health Therapeutics, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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Milhomme O, Köhler SM, Ropartz D, Lesur D, Pilard S, Djedaïni-Pilard F, Beyer W, Grandjean C. Synthesis and immunochemical evaluation of a non-methylated disaccharide analogue of the anthrax tetrasaccharide. Org Biomol Chem 2012; 10:8524-32. [PMID: 23010801 DOI: 10.1039/c2ob26131f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Anthrax tetrasaccharide is an oligosaccharide expressed at the outermost surface of the Bacillus anthracis spores, featuring three rhamnoses and a rare sugar called anthrose. This motif has now been identified as a plausible component of future human vaccines against anthrax. We report herein the synthesis of a 2-O-demethylated-β-D-anthropyranosyl-(1→3)-α-L-rhamnopyranose disaccharide analogue of this tetrasaccharide from a cyclic sulfate intermediate. This disaccharide conjugated to BSA induces an anti-native tetrasaccharide IgG antibody response when administered in BALB/c mice. Moreover, induced sera bound to native B. anthracis endospores. These results suggest that the disaccharide analogue, easily amenable for a synthetic scale-up, could be used in a glycoconjugate antigen formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ophélie Milhomme
- Laboratoire des Glucides, FRE CNRS 3517, Institut de Chimie de Picardie, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 33 rue Saint Leu, 80039 Amiens Cedex, France
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Milhomme O, Dhénin SG, Djedaïni-Pilard F, Moreau V, Grandjean C. Synthetic studies toward the anthrax tetrasaccharide: alternative synthesis of this antigen. Carbohydr Res 2012; 356:115-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2012.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2011] [Revised: 01/15/2012] [Accepted: 01/17/2012] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Milhomme O, John C, Djedaïni-Pilard F, Grandjean C. Access to antigens related to anthrose using pivotal cyclic sulfite/sulfate intermediates. J Org Chem 2011; 76:5985-98. [PMID: 21678952 DOI: 10.1021/jo200340q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Anthrose is the upstream terminal unit of the tetrasaccharide side chain from a major glycoprotein of Bacillus anthracis exosporium and is part of important antigenic determinants. A novel entry to anthrose-containing antigens and precursors is described. The synthetic route, starting from D(+)-fucose, makes use of intermediates featuring a cyclic sulfite or sulfate function which serves successively as a protecting and a leaving group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ophélie Milhomme
- Laboratoire des Glucides, UMR CNRS 6219, Institut de Chimie de Picardie, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 33 rue Saint Leu, 80039 Amiens Cedex, France
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Antibody responses to a spore carbohydrate antigen as a marker of nonfatal inhalation anthrax in rhesus macaques. CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY : CVI 2011; 18:743-8. [PMID: 21389148 DOI: 10.1128/cvi.00475-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The Bacillus anthracis exosporium protein BclA contains an O-linked antigenic tetrasaccharide whose terminal sugar is known as anthrose (J. M. Daubenspeck et al., J. Biol. Chem. 279:30945-30953, 2004). We hypothesized that serologic responses to anthrose may have diagnostic value in confirming exposure to aerosolized B. anthracis. We evaluated the serologic responses to a synthetic anthrose-containing trisaccharide (ATS) in a group of five rhesus macaques that survived inhalation anthrax following exposure to B. anthracis Ames spores. Two of five animals (RM2 and RM3) were treated with ciprofloxacin starting at 48 hours postexposure and two (RM4 and RM5) at 72 h postexposure; one animal (RM1) was untreated. Infection was confirmed by blood culture and detection of anthrax toxin lethal factor (LF) in plasma. Anti-ATS IgG responses were determined at 14, 21, 28, and 35 days postexposure, with preexposure serum as a control. All animals, irrespective of ciprofloxacin treatment, mounted a specific, measurable anti-ATS IgG response. The earliest detectable responses were on days 14 (RM1, RM2, and RM5), 21 (RM4), and 28 (RM3). Specificity of the anti-ATS responses was demonstrated by competitive-inhibition enzyme immunoassay (CIEIA), in which a 2-fold (wt/wt) excess of carbohydrate in a bovine serum albumin (BSA) conjugate of the oligosaccharide (ATS-BSA) effected >94% inhibition, whereas a structural analog lacking the 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-butyryl moiety at the C-4" of the anthrosyl residue had no inhibition activity. These data suggest that anti-ATS antibody responses may be used to identify aerosol exposure to B. anthracis spores. The anti-ATS antibody responses were detectable during administration of ciprofloxacin.
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