1
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Singh Z, Chiong JD, Kamal S, Majewski MB. Effects of increasing ligand conjugation in Cu(I) photosensitizers on NiO semiconductor surfaces. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:6367-6376. [PMID: 38497406 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt03890d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Dye-sensitized photoelectrodes may be used as heterogeneous components for fuel-forming reactions in photoelectrochemical cells. There has been increasing interest in developing Earth-abundant cheaper photosensitizers based on first-row transition metals. We describe here the synthesis, characterization, and study of the ground and excited state properties of three Cu(I) complexes bearing ligands with varying electron-accepting capacities and conjugation that may act as photosensitizers for wide bandgap semiconductors. Femtosecond transient absorption studies indicate that the nature of the final excited state is dictated by the extent of conjugation in the electron-accepting ligand, where shorter conjugation leads to the formation of a singly reduced ligand and longer conjugation leads to the formation of a ligand-centered final excited state. These complexes were surface anchored onto nanostructured NiO on conductive fluorine-doped tin oxide glass to fabricate photocathodes. It was found that even though the ligands with increasing conjugation have an effect on the formation of the final excited state in solution, all complexes exhibit similar photocurrents upon white light illumination, suggesting that charge transfer to NiO happens in advance of the formation of the final excited state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zujhar Singh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Centre for NanoScience Research, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, H4B 1R6.
| | - Joseph D Chiong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Centre for NanoScience Research, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, H4B 1R6.
| | - Saeid Kamal
- Department of Chemistry and Laboratory for Advanced Spectroscopy and Imaging Research (LASIR), The University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Marek B Majewski
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Centre for NanoScience Research, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, H4B 1R6.
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2
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Müller C, Pascher T, Eriksson A, Chabera P, Uhlig J. KiMoPack: A python Package for Kinetic Modeling of the Chemical Mechanism. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:4087-4099. [PMID: 35700393 PMCID: PMC9251768 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c00907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Herein, we present
KiMoPack, an analysis tool for the kinetic modeling of transient spectroscopic data. KiMoPack
enables a state-of-the-art analysis routine including data preprocessing
and standard fitting (global analysis), as well as fitting of complex
(target) kinetic models, interactive viewing of (fit) results, and
multiexperiment analysis via user accessible functions and a graphical
user interface (GUI) enhanced interface. To facilitate its use, this
paper guides the user through typical operations covering a wide range
of analysis tasks, establishes a typical workflow and is bridging
the gap between ease of use for less experienced users and introducing
the advanced interfaces for experienced users. KiMoPack is open source
and provides a comprehensive front-end for preprocessing, fitting
and plotting of 2-dimensional data that simplifies the access to a
powerful python-based data-processing system
and forms the foundation for a well documented, reliable, and reproducible
data analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolin Müller
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany.,Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT) Jena, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Torbjörn Pascher
- Department of Chemical Physics, Lund University, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Axl Eriksson
- Department of Chemical Physics, Lund University, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Pavel Chabera
- Department of Chemical Physics, Lund University, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Jens Uhlig
- Department of Chemical Physics, Lund University, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden
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3
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Müller C, Schwab A, Randell NM, Kupfer S, Dietzek‐Ivanšić B, Chavarot‐Kerlidou M. A Combined Spectroscopic and Theoretical Study on a Ruthenium Complex Featuring a π-Extended dppz Ligand for Light-Driven Accumulation of Multiple Reducing Equivalents. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202103882. [PMID: 35261087 PMCID: PMC9311760 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202103882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The design of photoactive systems capable of storing and relaying multiple electrons is highly demanded in the field of artificial photosynthesis, where transformations of interest rely on multielectronic redox processes. The photophysical properties of the ruthenium photosensitizer [(bpy)2 Ru(oxim-dppqp)]2+ (Ru), storing two electrons coupled to two protons on the π-extended oxim-dppqp ligand under light-driven conditions, are investigated by means of excitation wavelength-dependent resonance Raman and transient absorption spectroscopies, in combination with time-dependent density functional theory; the results are discussed in comparison to the parent [(bpy)2 Ru(dppz)]2+ and [(bpy)2 Ru(oxo-dppqp)]2+ complexes. In addition, this study provides in-depth insights on the impact of protonation or of accumulation of multiple reducing equivalents on the reactive excited states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolin Müller
- Institute of Physical ChemistryFriedrich Schiller University JenaHelmholtzweg 407743JenaGermany
- Research Department Functional InterfacesLeibniz Institute of Photonic Technology JenaAlbert-Einstein-Straße 907745JenaGermany
| | - Alexander Schwab
- Institute of Physical ChemistryFriedrich Schiller University JenaHelmholtzweg 407743JenaGermany
| | - Nicholas M. Randell
- Univ. Grenoble AlpesCNRS, CEA, IRIGLaboratoire de Chimie et Biologie des Métaux17 rue des MartyrsF-38000GrenobleFrance
| | - Stephan Kupfer
- Institute of Physical ChemistryFriedrich Schiller University JenaHelmholtzweg 407743JenaGermany
| | - Benjamin Dietzek‐Ivanšić
- Institute of Physical ChemistryFriedrich Schiller University JenaHelmholtzweg 407743JenaGermany
- Research Department Functional InterfacesLeibniz Institute of Photonic Technology JenaAlbert-Einstein-Straße 907745JenaGermany
- Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry Jena (CEEC Jena)Friedrich Schiller University JenaLessingstraße 807743JenaGermany
| | - Murielle Chavarot‐Kerlidou
- Univ. Grenoble AlpesCNRS, CEA, IRIGLaboratoire de Chimie et Biologie des Métaux17 rue des MartyrsF-38000GrenobleFrance
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4
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Kupfer S, Wächtler M, Guthmuller J. Light‐Driven Multi‐Charge Separation in a Push‐Pull Ruthenium‐based Photosensitizer – Assessed by RASSCF and TDDFT Simulations. CHEMPHOTOCHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cptc.202200010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Kupfer
- Friedrich Schiller Universitat Jena Chemisch Geowissenschaftliche Fakultat Institute of Physical Chemistry Helmholtzweg 1 07743 Jena GERMANY
| | - Maria Wächtler
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology: Leibniz-Institut fur Photonische Technologien Functional Interfaces GERMANY
| | - Julien Guthmuller
- Gdansk University of Technology: Politechnika Gdanska Institute of Physics and Computer Science POLAND
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5
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Argüello Cordero MA, Boden PJ, Rentschler M, Di Martino-Fumo P, Frey W, Yang Y, Gerhards M, Karnahl M, Lochbrunner S, Tschierlei S. Comprehensive Picture of the Excited State Dynamics of Cu(I)- and Ru(II)-Based Photosensitizers with Long-Lived Triplet States. Inorg Chem 2021; 61:214-226. [PMID: 34908410 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c02771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Ru(II)- and Cu(I)-based photosensitizers featuring the recently developed biipo ligand (16H-benzo-[4',5']-isoquinolino-[2',1',:1,2]-imidazo-[4,5-f]-[1,10]-phenanthrolin-16-one) were comprehensively investigated by X-ray crystallography, electrochemistry, and especially several time-resolved spectroscopic methods covering all time scales from femto- to milliseconds. The analysis of the experimental results is supported by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The biipo ligand consists of a coordinating 1,10-phenanthroline moiety fused with a 1,8-naphthalimide unit, which results in an extended π-system with an incorporated electron acceptor moiety. In a previous study, it was shown that this ligand enabled a Ru(II) complex that is an efficient singlet oxygen producer and of potential use for other light-driven applications due to its long emission lifetime. The goal of our here presented research is to provide a full spectroscopic picture of the processes that follow optical excitation. Interestingly, the Ru(II) and Cu(I) complexes differ in their characteristics even though the lowest electronically excited states involve in both cases the biipo ligand. The combined spectroscopic results indicate that an emissive 3MLCT state and a rather dark 3LC state are populated, each to some extent. For the Cu(I) complex, most of the excited population ends up in the 3LC state with an extraordinary lifetime of 439 μs in the solid state at 20 K, while a significant population of the 3MLCT state causes luminescence for the Ru(II) complex. Hence, there is a balance between these two states, which can be tuned by altering the metal center or even by thermal energy, as suggested by the temperature-dependent experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A Argüello Cordero
- Institute for Physics and Department of Life, Light and Matter, University of Rostock, 18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - Pit Jean Boden
- Chemistry Department and Research Center Optimas, TU Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Straße 52, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Martin Rentschler
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany.,Department of Energy Conversion, Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Gaußstraße 17, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Patrick Di Martino-Fumo
- Chemistry Department and Research Center Optimas, TU Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Straße 52, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Frey
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Yingya Yang
- Department of Energy Conversion, Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Gaußstraße 17, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Markus Gerhards
- Chemistry Department and Research Center Optimas, TU Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Straße 52, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Michael Karnahl
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany.,Department of Energy Conversion, Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Gaußstraße 17, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Stefan Lochbrunner
- Institute for Physics and Department of Life, Light and Matter, University of Rostock, 18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - Stefanie Tschierlei
- Department of Energy Conversion, Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Gaußstraße 17, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
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6
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Liang R, Xiong W, Lo KC, Ho PY, Bai X, Lai W, Chan WK, Du L, Phillips DL. Revealing the Photophysical Dynamics of Selected Rigid Donor-Acceptor Systems: From Ligands to Ruthenium(II) Complexes. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:10927-10935. [PMID: 34734732 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c03122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Newly designed push-pull ligands (L1 and L2) with bithiophene (bth) as a donor and phenazine (phz) or quinoxalino[2,3-b]quinoxaline (qxq) as acceptors were synthesized and also incorporated with a bipyridyl Ru(II) complex to give Ru1 and Ru2, respectively. The ultrafast photophysical dynamics of the ligand and their respective Ru(II) complexes were well-characterized using time-resolved spectroscopies and quantum chemical calculations. Photoinduced charger transfer (CT) and intersystem crossing (ISC) processes were directly observed for L1 and L2. In addition, the interplay of three different triplet excited states was directly observed in the related Ru(II) complexes. The lowest-lying triplet excited states of the ligands and their respective Ru(II) complexes were both attributed to the CT transitions from donor (bth) to acceptor (phz or qxq) and result in 3ICT (intramolecular charge transfer) and 3ILCT (intraligand charge transfer) excited states, respectively. The lifetimes of the lowest-lying triplet excited states of L1, L2, Ru1, and Ru2 were measured to be 21.3, 50.4, 2.75, and 4.16 μs, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runhui Liang
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wenjuan Xiong
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kin Cheung Lo
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Po Yuen Ho
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xueqin Bai
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wenquan Lai
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wai Kin Chan
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Lili Du
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - David Lee Phillips
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Optoelectronic and Magnetic Functional Materials, Hong Kong, China
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7
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Isakov D, Schmid MA, Nauroozi D, Rau S, Tschierlei S. Prolonged Luminescence Lifetime of a Dual Emissive Ruthenium Dipyridophenazine-Type Complex in Aprotic and Protic Solvents. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:14002-14010. [PMID: 34495655 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c01214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A recently reported ruthenium(II) complex bearing an extended dipyridophenazine ligand exhibits unusual long-lived dual emission at room temperature. In this study, the effect of the introduction of a methyl protecting group to the imidazole moiety of this ligand (L1, 11-methyl-11H-imidazo[4,5-i]dipyrido[3,2-a:2',3'-c]phenazine) on the photophysics of the respective ruthenium(II) complex [(tbbpy)2Ru(L1)]2+ (C1) is demonstrated by means of electrochemistry, UV/vis absorption and emission spectroscopy, as well as emission lifetime measurements, and transient absorption spectroscopy on the nanosecond time scale. At room temperature, C1 shows dual emission both in aprotic and in protic solvents with time constants of 1.1/34.2 and 1.2/8.4 μs, respectively. These lifetimes are assigned to the emission from 3MLCT and 3LC states. The introduction of the methyl group increases the lifetime of the 3LC state in C1 almost by a factor of 2 in acetonitrile solution compared to the previously reported compound. Accordingly, the newly introduced methyl group is described as a protecting group for the imidazole moiety of the heterocyclic ligand, which enables prolonged lifetimes of the dual emissive complex in protic solvents. The stabilization of the electronic structure is further underlined by the enhanced stability toward electrochemical reduction as evidenced by cyclic voltammetry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dajana Isakov
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry I, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Marie-Ann Schmid
- Department of Energy Conversion, Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Gaußstraße 17, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Djawed Nauroozi
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry I, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Sven Rau
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry I, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Stefanie Tschierlei
- Department of Energy Conversion, Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Gaußstraße 17, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
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8
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Müller C, Isakov D, Rau S, Dietzek B. Influence of the Protonation State on the Excited-State Dynamics of Ruthenium(II) Complexes with Imidazole π-Extended Dipyridophenazine Ligands. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:5911-5921. [PMID: 34190563 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c03856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Ruthenium(II) complexes, like [(tbbpy)2Ru(dppz)]2+ (Ru-dppz; tbbpy = 4,4'-di-tert-butyl-2,2'-bipyridine, dppz = dipyrido-[3,2-a:2',3'-c]phenazine), have emerged as suitable photosensitizers in photoredox catalysis. Since then, there has been ongoing interest in the design of π-extended Ru-dppz systems with red-shifted visible absorption maxima and sufficiently long-lived excited states independent of the solvent or pH value. Herein, we explore the photophysical properties of protonation isomers of the linearly π-extended [(tbbpy)2Ru(L)]2+-type complexes bearing a dppz ligand with directly fused imidazole (im) and methyl-imidazole units (mim) as L. Steady-state UV-vis absorption, resonance Raman, as well as time-resolved emission and transient absorption spectroscopy reveal that Ru-im and Ru-mim show desirable properties for the application in photocatalytic processes, i.e., strong visible absorbance and two long-lived excited states in the 3ILCT and 3MLCT manifold, at pH values between 3 and 12. However, protonation of the (methyl-)imidazole unit at pH ≤ 2 unit causes decreased excited-state lifetimes and an emission switch-off.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolin Müller
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany.,Research Department Functional Interfaces, Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology Jena, Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Dajana Isakov
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry I, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Sven Rau
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry I, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Benjamin Dietzek
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany.,Research Department Functional Interfaces, Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology Jena, Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, 07745 Jena, Germany.,Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry Jena (CEEC Jena), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Lessingstraße 8, 07743 Jena, Germany
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9
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Ultrafast excited state dynamics and light-switching of [Ru(phen) 2(dppz)] 2+ in G-quadruplex DNA. Commun Chem 2021; 4:68. [PMID: 36697709 PMCID: PMC9814642 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-021-00507-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The triplet metal to ligand charge transfer (3MLCT) luminescence of ruthenium (II) polypyridyl complexes offers attractive imaging properties, specifically towards the development of sensitive and structure-specific DNA probes. However, rapidly-deactivating dark state formation may compete with 3MLCT luminescence depending on different DNA structures. In this work, by combining femtosecond and nanosecond pump-probe spectroscopy, the 3MLCT relaxation dynamics of [Ru(phen)2(dppz)]2+ (phen = 1,10-phenanthroline, dppz = dipyridophenazine) in two iconic G-quadruplexes has been scrutinized. The binding modes of stacking of dppz ligand on the terminal G-quartet fully and partially are clearly identified based on the biexponential decay dynamics of the 3MLCT luminescence at 620 nm. Interestingly, the inhibited dark state channel in ds-DNA is open in G-quadruplex, featuring an ultrafast picosecond depopulation process from 3MLCT to a dark state. The dark state formation rates are found to be sensitive to the content of water molecules in local G-quadruplex structures, indicating different patterns of bound water. The unique excited state dynamics of [Ru(phen)2(dppz)]2+ in G-quadruplex is deciphered, providing mechanistic basis for the rational design of photoactive ruthenium metal complexes in biological applications.
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10
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Hniopek J, Müller C, Bocklitz T, Schmitt M, Dietzek B, Popp J. Kinetic-Model-Free Analysis of Transient Absorption Spectra Enabled by 2D Correlation Analysis. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:4148-4153. [PMID: 33890789 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c00835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Here, we present, to the best of our knowledge for the first time, a systematic study of utilizing 2D correlation analysis in the field of femtosecond transient absorption (fs-TA) spectroscopy. We present that the application of 2D correlation spectroscopy (2DCOS) to fs-TA spectroscopy enables a model-free means to analyze excited state kinetics, which is demonstrated on the model system [(tbbpy)2Ru(dppz)]2+ in different solvents. We show that TA-2DCOS is able to determine the number of processes contributing to the time-resolved spectral changes in fs-TA data sets, as well as extract the spectral response of these components. Overall, the results show that TA-2DCOS leads to the same results as obtained with methods relying on global lifetime analysis or multivariate curve resolution but without the need to specify a predetermined kinetic model. The work presented therefore highlights the potential of TA-2DCOS as a model-free approach for analyzing fs-TA spectral data sets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Hniopek
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Abbe Center of Photonics, Albert-Einstein-Str. 6, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Carolin Müller
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Thomas Bocklitz
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Abbe Center of Photonics, Albert-Einstein-Str. 6, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Michael Schmitt
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Abbe Center of Photonics, Albert-Einstein-Str. 6, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Benjamin Dietzek
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Abbe Center of Photonics, Albert-Einstein-Str. 6, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Jürgen Popp
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Abbe Center of Photonics, Albert-Einstein-Str. 6, 07745 Jena, Germany
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11
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Wahyuono RA, Braumüller M, Bold S, Amthor S, Nauroozi D, Plentz J, Wächtler M, Rau S, Dietzek B. Localizing the initial excitation - A case study on NiO photocathodes using Ruthenium dipyridophenazine complexes as sensitizers. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2021; 252:119507. [PMID: 33578124 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2021.119507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We report on the localization of the initially excited electronic state within the molecular framework of a series of [Ru(bpy)2dppz]2+ derivatives (bpy:2,2'-bipyridine, dppz: dipyrido-phenazine) as sensitizers in NiO based photocathodes. The introduction of conjugated linkers with phenylene and triazole moieties in the bpy ligand sphere separates the NiO surface from the metal center and hence is considered to stabilize the charge separated state, which results from light-driven hole injection. However, introduction of the conjugated linkers also alters the localization of the excess electron density in the excited state within the ligand sphere and impacts the extent to which the charge-separated state is formed. The study emphasizes that tuning the ligand with the lowest-energy π* orbital distal or proximal to the NiO surface significantly affects the initial charge-separation and the solar cell performance. The stability of the charge-separated state correlates with the observed photocurrents in dye-sensitized solar cells. Furthermore, the study challenges the widely accepted concept that the introduction of extended anchoring groups, i.e. increasing Ru - NiO distance, stabilizes the charge-separated state and suppresses charge recombination at the metal-oxide molecule interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruri Agung Wahyuono
- Leibniz-Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT) Jena e.V., Department Functional Interfaces, Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, 07745 Jena, Germany; Institute of Physical Chemistry and Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry Jena (CEEC-Jena), Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany; Department of Engineering Physics, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Jl. Arif Rahman Hakim, Sukolilo, 60111 Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Markus Braumüller
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry I, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Sebastian Bold
- Leibniz-Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT) Jena e.V., Department Functional Interfaces, Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, 07745 Jena, Germany; Institute of Physical Chemistry and Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry Jena (CEEC-Jena), Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany; Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, IRIG, Laboratoire de Chimie et Biologie des Métaux, 17 rue des Martyrs, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Sebastian Amthor
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry I, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Djawed Nauroozi
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry I, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Jonathan Plentz
- Leibniz-Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT) Jena e.V., Department Functional Interfaces, Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Maria Wächtler
- Leibniz-Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT) Jena e.V., Department Functional Interfaces, Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, 07745 Jena, Germany; Institute of Physical Chemistry and Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry Jena (CEEC-Jena), Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Sven Rau
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry I, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Benjamin Dietzek
- Leibniz-Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT) Jena e.V., Department Functional Interfaces, Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, 07745 Jena, Germany; Institute of Physical Chemistry and Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry Jena (CEEC-Jena), Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany.
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12
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Kranz C, Wächtler M. Characterizing photocatalysts for water splitting: from atoms to bulk and from slow to ultrafast processes. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:1407-1437. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00526f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
This review provides a comprehensive overview on characterisation techniques for light-driven redox-catalysts highlighting spectroscopic, microscopic, electrochemical and spectroelectrochemical approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Kranz
- Ulm University
- Institute of Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry
- 89081 Ulm
- Germany
| | - Maria Wächtler
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology
- Department Functional Interfaces
- 07745 Jena
- Germany
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena
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13
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Kaufmann M, Müller C, Cullen AA, Brandon MP, Dietzek B, Pryce MT. Photophysics of Ruthenium(II) Complexes with Thiazole π-Extended Dipyridophenazine Ligands. Inorg Chem 2020; 60:760-773. [PMID: 33356204 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c02765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Transition-metal-based donor-acceptor systems can produce long-lived excited charge-transfer states by visible-light irradiation. The novel ruthenium(II) polypyridyl type complexes Ru1 and Ru2 based on the dipyridophenazine ligand (L0) directly linked to 4-hydroxythiazoles of different donor strengths were synthesized and photophysically characterized. The excited-state dynamics were investigated by femtosecond-to-nanosecond transient absorption and nanosecond emission spectroscopy complemented by time-dependent density functional theory calculations. These results indicate that photoexcitation in the visible region leads to the population of both metal-to-ligand charge-transfer (1MLCT) and thiazole (tz)-induced intraligand charge-transfer (1ILCT) states. Thus, the excited-state dynamics is described by two excited-state branches, namely, the population of (i) a comparably short-lived phenazine-centered 3MLCT state (τ ≈ 150-400 ps) and (ii) a long-lived 3ILCT state (τ ≈ 40-300 ns) with excess charge density localized on the phenazine and tz moieties. Notably, the ruthenium(II) complexes feature long-lived dual emission with lifetimes in the ranges τEm,1 ≈ 40-300 ns and τEm,2 ≈ 100-200 ns, which are attributed to emission from the 3ILCT and 3MLCT manifolds, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Kaufmann
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Centre for Sensor Research, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Carolin Müller
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, Jena 07743, Germany.,Research Department Functional Interfaces, Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, Jena 07745, Germany
| | - Aoibhin A Cullen
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Centre for Sensor Research, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Michael P Brandon
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Centre for Sensor Research, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Benjamin Dietzek
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, Jena 07743, Germany.,Research Department Functional Interfaces, Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, Jena 07745, Germany.,Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry Jena, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Lessingstraße 8, Jena 07743, Germany
| | - Mary T Pryce
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Centre for Sensor Research, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
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14
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Wahyuono RA, Amthor S, Müller C, Rau S, Dietzek B. Structure of Diethyl‐Phosphonic Acid Anchoring Group Affects the Charge‐Separated State on an Iridium(III) Complex Functionalized NiO Surface. CHEMPHOTOCHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cptc.202000038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ruri Agung Wahyuono
- Department Functional InterfacesLeibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT) Jena e.V. Albert-Einstein-Straße 9 07745 Jena Germany
- Institute of Physical ChemistryFriedrich Schiller University Jena Helmholtzweg 4 07743 Jena Germany
| | - Sebastian Amthor
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry IUniversity Ulm Albert-Einstein-Allee 11 89081 Ulm Germany
| | - Carolin Müller
- Department Functional InterfacesLeibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT) Jena e.V. Albert-Einstein-Straße 9 07745 Jena Germany
- Institute of Physical ChemistryFriedrich Schiller University Jena Helmholtzweg 4 07743 Jena Germany
| | - Sven Rau
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry IUniversity Ulm Albert-Einstein-Allee 11 89081 Ulm Germany
| | - Benjamin Dietzek
- Department Functional InterfacesLeibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT) Jena e.V. Albert-Einstein-Straße 9 07745 Jena Germany
- Institute of Physical ChemistryFriedrich Schiller University Jena Helmholtzweg 4 07743 Jena Germany
- Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry (CEEC)Friedrich Schiller University Jena Philosophenweg 7a 07743 Jena Germany
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15
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Isakov D, Giereth R, Nauroozi D, Tschierlei S, Rau S. Two Emissive Long-Lived Excited States of an Imidazole-Functionalized Ruthenium Dipyridophenazine Complex. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:12646-12653. [PMID: 31532651 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b01372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
A ruthenium(II) polypyridine-type complex based on the dipyridophenazine ligand with a directly fused imidazole unit (L1, dipyrido[3,2-a:2',3'-c]phenazine-10,11-imidazole) has been synthesized, and its electrochemical and photophysical properties have been studied. The cyclic voltammogram of [Ru(tbbpy)2(L1)]2+ (C1) (tbbpy is 4,4'-tert-butyl-2,2'-bipyridine) shows a cathodic shift of the phenazine-based reduction process compared to similar molecules, while the first detected reduction wave (-1.34 V vs Fc/Fc+) is assigned to the imidazole unit within the molecule. On the basis of the TD-DFT calculations, the strong visible absorption band exhibited by C1 is assigned to a metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT) transition with a concurrent ligand-centered (LC) transition. At room-temperature, C1 features emission (Φ = 0.04) from its lowest excited states with time constants of 1.2 and 18.3 μs. These lifetimes are assigned to emission processes from the 3MLCT and 3LC state, respectively. This is the first time that a long-lived dual emission has been observed for a ruthenium(II) complex bearing a directly fused extended π-system. Furthermore, the emission of C1 is quenched upon water addition. In contrast to related compounds based on a dipyridophenazine ligand, the excited state energy is not shifted, and the lifetime is drastically decreased to 169 ns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dajana Isakov
- Ulm University , Institute of Inorganic Chemistry I , Albert-Einstein-Allee 11 , 89081 Ulm , Germany
| | - Robin Giereth
- Ulm University , Institute of Inorganic Chemistry I , Albert-Einstein-Allee 11 , 89081 Ulm , Germany
| | - Djawed Nauroozi
- Ulm University , Institute of Inorganic Chemistry I , Albert-Einstein-Allee 11 , 89081 Ulm , Germany
| | - Stefanie Tschierlei
- Ulm University , Institute of Inorganic Chemistry I , Albert-Einstein-Allee 11 , 89081 Ulm , Germany
| | - Sven Rau
- Ulm University , Institute of Inorganic Chemistry I , Albert-Einstein-Allee 11 , 89081 Ulm , Germany
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16
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Schindler J, Traber P, Zedler L, Zhang Y, Lefebvre JF, Kupfer S, Gräfe S, Demeunynck M, Chavarot-Kerlidou M, Dietzek B. Photophysics of a Ruthenium Complex with a π-Extended Dipyridophenazine Ligand for DNA Quadruplex Labeling. J Phys Chem A 2018; 122:6558-6569. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.8b05274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julian Schindler
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Department Functional Interfaces, Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology Jena (IPHT), Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Philipp Traber
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Linda Zedler
- Department Functional Interfaces, Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology Jena (IPHT), Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Ying Zhang
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Department Functional Interfaces, Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology Jena (IPHT), Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Jean-François Lefebvre
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, DPM, 38000 Grenoble, France
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Biologie des Métaux, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Stephan Kupfer
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Stefanie Gräfe
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | | | | | - Benjamin Dietzek
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Department Functional Interfaces, Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology Jena (IPHT), Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
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17
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Keane PM, Kelly JM. Transient absorption and time-resolved vibrational studies of photophysical and photochemical processes in DNA-intercalating polypyridyl metal complexes or cationic porphyrins. Coord Chem Rev 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2018.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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18
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Zhang Y, Traber P, Zedler L, Kupfer S, Gräfe S, Schulz M, Frey W, Karnahl M, Dietzek B. Cu(i) vs. Ru(ii) photosensitizers: elucidation of electron transfer processes within a series of structurally related complexes containing an extended π-system. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:24843-24857. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp04595j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The charge transfer behavior of heteroleptic Cu(i) photosensitizers was investigated by spectroelectrochemistry and compared to their structurally related Ru(ii) complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena
- 07743 Jena
- Germany
- Department Functional Interfaces
| | - Philipp Traber
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena
- 07743 Jena
- Germany
| | - Linda Zedler
- Department Functional Interfaces
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology Jena (IPHT)
- 07745 Jena
- Germany
| | - Stephan Kupfer
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena
- 07743 Jena
- Germany
| | - Stefanie Gräfe
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena
- 07743 Jena
- Germany
| | - Martin Schulz
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena
- 07743 Jena
- Germany
| | - Wolfgang Frey
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
- University of Stuttgart
- 70569 Stuttgart
- Germany
| | - Michael Karnahl
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
- University of Stuttgart
- 70569 Stuttgart
- Germany
| | - Benjamin Dietzek
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena
- 07743 Jena
- Germany
- Department Functional Interfaces
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19
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Queyriaux N, Wahyuono RA, Fize J, Gablin C, Wächtler M, Martinez E, Léonard D, Dietzek B, Artero V, Chavarot-Kerlidou M. Aqueous Photocurrent Measurements Correlated to Ultrafast Electron Transfer Dynamics at Ruthenium Tris Diimine-Sensitized NiO Photocathodes. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2017; 121:5891-5904. [PMID: 28676835 PMCID: PMC5493983 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.6b12536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the structural and electronic factors governing the efficiency of dye-sensitized NiO photocathodes is essential to optimize solar fuel production in photoelectrochemical cells (PECs). For these purpose, three different ruthenium dyes, bearing either two or four methylphosphonate anchoring groups and either a bipyridine or a dipyridophenazine ancillary ligand, were synthesized and grafted onto NiO films. These photoelectrodes were fully characterized by XPS, ToF-SIMS, UV-vis absorption, time-resolved emission and femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopies. Increasing the number of anchoring groups from two to four proved beneficial for the grafting efficiency. No significant modification of the electronic properties compared to the parent photosensitizer was observed, in accordance with the non-conjugated nature of the grafted linker. The photoelectrochemical activity of the dye-sensitized NiO electrodes was assessed in fully aqueous medium in the presence of an irreversible electron acceptor and photocurrents reaching 190 μA.cm-2 were recorded. The transient absorption study revealed the presence of two charge recombination pathways for each of the sensitizers and evidenced a stabilized charge separated state in the dppz derivative, supporting its superior photoelectrochemical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Queyriaux
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Biologie des Métaux, UMR 5249 University Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, 17 rue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Ruri A. Wahyuono
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT) Jena e. V., Albert-Einstein-Strasse 9, Jena 07745, Germany
- Institute for Physical Chemistry and Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, Jena 07743, Germany
| | - Jennifer Fize
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Biologie des Métaux, UMR 5249 University Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, 17 rue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Corinne Gablin
- Institut des Sciences Analytiques, UMR 5280 (Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 /CNRS / ENS de Lyon), 5 rue de la Doua, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Maria Wächtler
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT) Jena e. V., Albert-Einstein-Strasse 9, Jena 07745, Germany
- Institute for Physical Chemistry and Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, Jena 07743, Germany
| | - Eugénie Martinez
- CEA, Leti, MINATEC Campus, 17 rue des Martyrs, 38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Didier Léonard
- Institut des Sciences Analytiques, UMR 5280 (Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 /CNRS / ENS de Lyon), 5 rue de la Doua, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Benjamin Dietzek
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT) Jena e. V., Albert-Einstein-Strasse 9, Jena 07745, Germany
- Institute for Physical Chemistry and Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, Jena 07743, Germany
| | - Vincent Artero
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Biologie des Métaux, UMR 5249 University Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, 17 rue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Murielle Chavarot-Kerlidou
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Biologie des Métaux, UMR 5249 University Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, 17 rue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
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20
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Quadruple electron storage using visible light with nitrogen-heterocycles under metal-free conditions. Inorganica Chim Acta 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2016.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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21
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Heberle M, Tschierlei S, Rockstroh N, Ringenberg M, Frey W, Junge H, Beller M, Lochbrunner S, Karnahl M. Heteroleptic Copper Photosensitizers: Why an Extended π-System Does Not Automatically Lead to Enhanced Hydrogen Production. Chemistry 2016; 23:312-319. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201604005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Heberle
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; University of Stuttgart; Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Stefanie Tschierlei
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; University of Stuttgart; Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Germany
- Institute of Physics; University of Rostock; Albert-Einstein-Str. 23 18059 Rostock Germany
| | - Nils Rockstroh
- Leibniz-Institute for Catalysis at the; University of Rostock (LIKAT); Albert-Einstein-Str. 29a 18059 Rostock Germany
| | - Mark Ringenberg
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry; University of Stuttgart; Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Wolfgang Frey
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; University of Stuttgart; Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Henrik Junge
- Leibniz-Institute for Catalysis at the; University of Rostock (LIKAT); Albert-Einstein-Str. 29a 18059 Rostock Germany
| | - Matthias Beller
- Leibniz-Institute for Catalysis at the; University of Rostock (LIKAT); Albert-Einstein-Str. 29a 18059 Rostock Germany
| | - Stefan Lochbrunner
- Institute of Physics; University of Rostock; Albert-Einstein-Str. 23 18059 Rostock Germany
| | - Michael Karnahl
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; University of Stuttgart; Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Germany
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22
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Shillito GE, Larsen CB, McLay JRW, Lucas NT, Gordon KC. Effect of Bridge Alteration on Ground- and Excited-State Properties of Ruthenium(II) Complexes with Electron-Donor-Substituted Dipyrido[3,2-a:2',3'-c]phenazine Ligands. Inorg Chem 2016; 55:11170-11184. [PMID: 27723325 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.6b01810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A series of Ru(II) 2,2'-bipyridine (bpy) complexes with an electron-accepting dipyrido[3,2-a:2',3'-c]phenazine (dppz) ligand coupled to an electron-donating triarylamine (TAA) group have been investigated. Systematic alteration of a bridging unit between the dppz and TAA allowed exploration into how communication between the donor and acceptor is perturbed by distance, as well as by steric and electronic effects. The effect of the bridging group on the electronic properties of the systems was characterized using a variety of spectroscopic methods, including Fourier transform-Raman (FT-Raman) spectroscopy, resonance Raman spectroscopy, and transient resonance Raman (TR2) spectroscopy. These methods were used in conjunction with ground- and excited-state absorption spectroscopy, electrochemical studies, and DFT calculations. The ground-state electronic absorption spectra show distinct variation with the bridging group, with the wavelength observed for the lowest energy electronic transition ranging from 449 nm to 522 nm, accompanied by large changes in the molar absorptivity. The lowest-energy Franck-Condon state was determined to be intra-ligand charge transfer (ILCT) in nature for most compounds. The presence of higher-energy metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT) Ru(II) → bpy and Ru(II) → dppz transitions was also confirmed via resonance Raman spectroscopy. The TR2 spectra showed characteristic dppz• - and TAA• + vibrations, indicating that the THEXI state formed was also ILCT in nature. Excited-state lifetime measurements reveal that the rate of decay is in accordance with the energy gap law and is not otherwise affected by the nature of the bridging unit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgina E Shillito
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago , P.O. Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Christopher B Larsen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago , P.O. Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - James R W McLay
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago , P.O. Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Nigel T Lucas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago , P.O. Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Keith C Gordon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago , P.O. Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand
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23
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Horvath R, Huff GS, Gordon KC, George MW. Probing the excited state nature of coordination complexes with blended organic and inorganic chromophores using vibrational spectroscopy. Coord Chem Rev 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2016.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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24
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Ultrafast in cellulo photoinduced dynamics processes of the paradigm molecular light switch [Ru(bpy)2dppz](2.). Sci Rep 2016; 6:33547. [PMID: 27644587 PMCID: PMC5028833 DOI: 10.1038/srep33547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
An in cellulo study of the ultrafast excited state processes in the paradigm molecular light switch [Ru(bpy)2dppz]2+ by localized pump-probe spectroscopy is reported for the first time. The localization of [Ru(bpy)2dppz]2+ in HepG2 cells is verified by emission microscopy and the characteristic photoinduced picosecond dynamics of the molecular light switch is observed in cellulo. The observation of the typical phosphorescence stemming from a 3MLCT state suggests that the [Ru(bpy)2dppz]2+ complex intercalates with the DNA in the nucleus. The results presented for this benchmark coordination compound reveal the necessity to study the photoinduced processes in coordination compounds for intracellular use, e.g. as sensors or as photodrugs, in the actual biological target environment in order to derive a detailed molecular mechanistic understanding of the excited-state properties of the systems in the actual biological target environment.
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25
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De la Cadena A, Pascher T, Davydova D, Akimov D, Herrmann F, Presselt M, Wächtler M, Dietzek B. Intermolecular exciton–exciton annihilation in phospholipid vesicles doped with [Ru(bpy)2dppz]2+. Chem Phys Lett 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2015.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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26
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Aslan JM, Boston DJ, MacDonnell FM. Photodriven Multi-electron Storage in Disubstituted RuIIDppz Analogues. Chemistry 2015; 21:17314-23. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201502607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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27
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van der Salm H, Elliott AB, Gordon KC. Substituent effects on the electronic properties of complexes with dipyridophenazine and triazole ligands: Electronically connected and disconnected ligands. Coord Chem Rev 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2014.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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28
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Monczak K, Peuntinger K, Sorsche D, Heinemann FW, Guldi DM, Rau S. Synthesis and Characterization of a Trisheteroleptic RuII-Based Molecular Switch. Chemistry 2014; 20:15426-33. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201403418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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29
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Meyer-Ilse J, Bauroth S, Bräutigam M, Schmitt M, Popp J, Beckert R, Rockstroh N, Pilz TD, Monczak K, Heinemann FW, Rau S, Dietzek B. Modified bibenzimidazole ligands as spectator ligands in photoactive molecular functional Ru-polypyridine units? Implications from spectroscopy. Dalton Trans 2014; 43:17659-65. [DOI: 10.1039/c4dt01399a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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30
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Finck S, Issenhuth JT, Despax S, Sirlin C, Pfeffer M, Poidevin C, Gourlaouen C, Boeglin A, Daniel C. Structural and optical properties of new cyclometalated Ru(II) derived compounds. J Organomet Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2013.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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31
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Larsen CB, van der Salm H, Clark CA, Elliott ABS, Fraser MG, Horvath R, Lucas NT, Sun XZ, George MW, Gordon KC. Intraligand Charge-Transfer Excited States in Re(I) Complexes with Donor-Substituted Dipyridophenazine Ligands. Inorg Chem 2014; 53:1339-54. [DOI: 10.1021/ic402082m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher B. Larsen
- MacDiarmid
Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Department of
Chemistry, University of Otago, Union Place, Dunedin 9001, New Zealand
| | - Holly van der Salm
- MacDiarmid
Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Department of
Chemistry, University of Otago, Union Place, Dunedin 9001, New Zealand
| | - Charlotte A. Clark
- School
of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Anastasia B. S. Elliott
- MacDiarmid
Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Department of
Chemistry, University of Otago, Union Place, Dunedin 9001, New Zealand
| | - Michael G. Fraser
- MacDiarmid
Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Department of
Chemistry, University of Otago, Union Place, Dunedin 9001, New Zealand
| | - Raphael Horvath
- School
of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Nigel T. Lucas
- MacDiarmid
Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Department of
Chemistry, University of Otago, Union Place, Dunedin 9001, New Zealand
| | - Xue-Zhong Sun
- School
of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Michael W. George
- School
of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Keith C. Gordon
- MacDiarmid
Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Department of
Chemistry, University of Otago, Union Place, Dunedin 9001, New Zealand
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Zedler L, Guthmuller J, Rabelo de Moraes I, Kupfer S, Krieck S, Schmitt M, Popp J, Rau S, Dietzek B. Resonance-Raman spectro-electrochemistry of intermediates in molecular artificial photosynthesis of bimetallic complexes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:5227-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cc47487a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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33
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Wachter E, Howerton BS, Hall EC, Parkin S, Glazer EC. A new type of DNA “light-switch”: a dual photochemical sensor and metalating agent for duplex and G-quadruplex DNA. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:311-3. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cc47269h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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34
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van der Salm H, Larsen CB, McLay JRW, Fraser MG, Lucas NT, Gordon KC. Stretching the phenazine MO in dppz: the effect of phenyl and phenyl–ethynyl groups on the photophysics of Re(i) dppz complexes. Dalton Trans 2014; 43:17775-85. [DOI: 10.1039/c4dt01415d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Dppz complexes with extended conjugation show π,π* and MLCT excited states in solution. Raman spectral features for the short-lived π,π* state are observed in single-colour transient experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly van der Salm
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Otago
- 9016 Dunedin, New Zealand
- MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials
- New Zealand
| | - Christopher B. Larsen
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Otago
- 9016 Dunedin, New Zealand
- MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials
- New Zealand
| | | | | | - Nigel T. Lucas
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Otago
- 9016 Dunedin, New Zealand
- MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials
- New Zealand
| | - Keith C. Gordon
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Otago
- 9016 Dunedin, New Zealand
- MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials
- New Zealand
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Wang XX, Tao T, Geng J, Ma BB, Peng YX, Huang W. Dipyrido[3,2-a:2′,3′-c]phenazine-Based Donor-Acceptor Aromatic Heterocyclic Compounds with Thienyl and Triphenylamino Chromophores at the 2,7- and/or 10,13-Positions. Chem Asian J 2013; 9:514-25. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201301284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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36
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Wächtler M, Maiuri M, Brida D, Popp J, Rau S, Cerullo G, Dietzek B. Utilizing Ancillary Ligands to Optimize the Photophysical Properties of 4H-Imidazole Ruthenium Dyes. Chemphyschem 2013; 14:2973-83. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201300383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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37
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Structural, electronic and computational studies of heteroleptic Cu(I) complexes of 6,6′-dimesityl-2,2′-bipyridine with sulfur-substituted dipyridophenazine ligands. Polyhedron 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2012.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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38
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Wächtler M, Bräutigam M, Popp J, Dietzek B. Mechanism of protonation induced changes in Raman spectra of a trisheteroleptic ruthenium complex revealed by DFT calculations. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra00157a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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39
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Wächtler M, Guthmuller J, González L, Dietzek B. Analysis and characterization of coordination compounds by resonance Raman spectroscopy. Coord Chem Rev 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2012.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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40
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Siebert R, Winter A, Schmitt M, Popp J, Schubert US, Dietzek B. Light-Induced Dynamics in Conjugated Bis(terpyridine) Ligands - A Case Study Toward Photoactive Coordination Polymers. Macromol Rapid Commun 2012; 33:481-97. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201100753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2011] [Revised: 01/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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41
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Karakus C, Fischer LH, Schmeding S, Hummel J, Risch N, Schäferling M, Holder E. Oxygen and temperature sensitivity of blue to green to yellow light-emitting Pt(ii) complexes. Dalton Trans 2012; 41:9623-32. [DOI: 10.1039/c2dt30835e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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42
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Synthesis and photophysics of a novel photocatalyst for hydrogen production based on a tetrapyridoacridine bridging ligand. Chem Phys 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2011.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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43
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McKinley AW, Lincoln P, Tuite EM. Environmental effects on the photophysics of transition metal complexes with dipyrido[2,3-a:3′,2′-c]phenazine (dppz) and related ligands. Coord Chem Rev 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2011.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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44
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Kuhnt C, Karnahl M, Rau S, Schmitt M, Dietzek B, Popp J. The impact of bromine substitution on the photophysical properties of a homodinuclear Ru–tpphz–Ru complex. Chem Phys Lett 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2011.09.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Happ B, Schäfer J, Menzel R, Hager MD, Winter A, Popp J, Beckert R, Dietzek B, Schubert US. Synthesis and Resonance Energy Transfer Study on a Random Terpolymer Containing a 2-(Pyridine-2-yl)thiazole Donor-Type Ligand and a Luminescent [Ru(bpy)2(2-(triazol-4-yl)pyridine)]2+ Chromophore. Macromolecules 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/ma201193e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bobby Happ
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Dutch Polymer Institute (DPI), P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Johann Schäfer
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Institute for Photonic Technology Jena (IPhT), Albert-Einstein-Strasse 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Roberto Menzel
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Martin D. Hager
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Dutch Polymer Institute (DPI), P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Andreas Winter
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Dutch Polymer Institute (DPI), P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Jürgen Popp
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Institute for Photonic Technology Jena (IPhT), Albert-Einstein-Strasse 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Rainer Beckert
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Benjamin Dietzek
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Institute for Photonic Technology Jena (IPhT), Albert-Einstein-Strasse 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Ulrich S. Schubert
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Dutch Polymer Institute (DPI), P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
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Horvath R, Gordon KC. Excited state vibrational spectroscopy of metal complexes of dipyrido[3,2-a:2′,3′-c]phenazine. Inorganica Chim Acta 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2011.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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47
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Ji S, Guo H, Wu W, Wu W, Zhao J. Ruthenium(II) Polyimine-Coumarin Dyad with Non-emissive 3IL Excited State as Sensitizer for Triplet-Triplet Annihilation Based Upconversion. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 50:8283-6. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201008134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2010] [Revised: 06/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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48
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Ji S, Guo H, Wu W, Wu W, Zhao J. Ruthenium(II) Polyimine-Coumarin Dyad with Non-emissive 3IL Excited State as Sensitizer for Triplet-Triplet Annihilation Based Upconversion. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201008134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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49
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Karnahl M, Kuhnt C, Ma F, Yartsev A, Schmitt M, Dietzek B, Rau S, Popp J. Tuning of photocatalytic hydrogen production and photoinduced intramolecular electron transfer rates by regioselective bridging ligand substitution. Chemphyschem 2011; 12:2101-9. [PMID: 21681884 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201100245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Artificial photosynthesis based on supramolecular photocatalysts offers the unique possibility to study the molecular processes underlying catalytic conversion of photons into chemical fuels in great detail and to tune the properties of the photocatalyst by alterations of the molecular framework. Herein we focus on both possibilities in studying the photocatalytic reduction of protons by derivatives of the well-known photocatalyst [(tbbpy)(2)Ru(tpphz)PdCl(2)](PF(6))(2) [4,4'-di-tert-butyl-2,2'-bipyridine (tbbpy), tetrapyrido[3,2-a:2',3'-c:3'',2''-h:2''',3'''-j]phenazine (tpphz)]. We report on a modified photocatalyst where the crucial bridging ligand tpphz is substituted by bromine and investigate the effect of the structural variation on the catalytic properties of the complex and its ultrafast intramolecular charge transfer behavior. It is found that structural modification stabilizes the phenanthroline-centered metal-to-ligand charge-transfer state on the tpphz moiety, thereby reducing the electron transfer gradient across the entire electron-relaying bridging ligand and at the same time accelerating nanosecond ground-state recovery. The same structural modifications cause an overall reduction of the catalytic activity of the complex. Thus, the results highlight the potential of small structural variations in the molecular framework of supramolecular catalysts in understanding the photoinduced charge-transfer processes and optimizing their catalytic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Karnahl
- Department of Photochemistry and Molecular Science, Uppsala University, Sweden
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50
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Kuhnt C, Karnahl M, Schmitt M, Rau S, Dietzek B, Popp J. Excited-state annihilation in a homodinuclear ruthenium complex. Chem Commun (Camb) 2011; 47:3820-1. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cc04555a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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