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Yamashita K, Kataoka K, Pham Qui Van H, Ogawa T, Sugiura K. Versatile and Catalyst‐Free Methods for the Introduction of Group‐16 Elements at the meso‐Positions of Diarylporphyrins. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201800538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ken‐ichi Yamashita
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and EngineeringTokyo Metropolitan University 1-1 Minami-Osawa Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397 Japan
- Department of ChemistryGraduate School of Science Osaka University 1-1 Machikaneyama Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043 Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Kataoka
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and EngineeringTokyo Metropolitan University 1-1 Minami-Osawa Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397 Japan
| | - Hang Pham Qui Van
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and EngineeringTokyo Metropolitan University 1-1 Minami-Osawa Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397 Japan
| | - Takuji Ogawa
- Department of ChemistryGraduate School of Science Osaka University 1-1 Machikaneyama Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043 Japan
| | - Ken‐ichi Sugiura
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and EngineeringTokyo Metropolitan University 1-1 Minami-Osawa Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397 Japan
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Fang Y, Jiang X, Ou Z, Michelin C, Desbois N, Gros CP, Kadish KM. Redox properties of nitrophenylporphyrins and electrosynthesis of nitrophenyl-linked Zn porphyrin dimers or arrays. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2014. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424614500540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Five nitrophenylporphyrins were investigated as to their electrochemical properties in CH 2 Cl 2 containing 0.1 M TBAP. The investigated compounds are represented as ( NO 2 Ph )x Ph 4-x PorM , where Por represents the dianion of the porphyrin macrocycle, Ph is a phenyl group on meso-position of the macrocycle, NO 2 Ph is a meso-substituted nitrophenyl group, M = 2 H , Pd II or Zn II and x = 1 or 2. Each porphyrin undergoes an initial one electron reduction at E1/2 = -1.07 to -1.12 V where the added negative charge is almost totally localized on the meso-nitrophenyl group of the compound. This reversible reduction is then followed by one or more irreversible reductions of the nitrophenyl anion at more negative potentials which overlap with reduction of the conjugated porphyrin macrocycle. The initial one electron addition was monitored by thin-layer UV-vis spectroelectrochemistry which confirmed formation of a reduced nitrophenyl group in each case but also gave spectral evidence for a linkage of the one-electron reduction products in the case of the Zn derivatives, giving Zn porphyrin dimers or arrays which are characterized by a 14–15 nm red-shifted Soret band and two well-defined Q-bands, consistent with conversion from an unreduced four coordinate Zn II nitrophenylporphyrin to a five-coordinate Zn II complex with an unreduced porphyrin macrocycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Fang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204-5003, USA
| | - Xiaoqin Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204-5003, USA
| | - Zhongping Ou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204-5003, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineer, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | | | - Nicolas Desbois
- ICMUB (UMR 6302), Université de Bourgogne, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Claude P. Gros
- ICMUB (UMR 6302), Université de Bourgogne, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Karl M. Kadish
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204-5003, USA
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Taba F, Sum TH, Sintic PJ, Lundmark AH, Crossley MJ. Synthesis of Steroid–Porphyrin Conjugates from Oestradiol, Oestrone, and Lithocholic Acid. Aust J Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1071/ch14080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of porphyrin–steroid conjugates is examined using the natural steroids oestradiol, oestrone, and lithocholic acid as precursors. Two strategies differing in the timing of formation of the steroid–porphyrin linkage leading to four different construction motifs are explored. Two approaches are based on a strategy of introduction of steroidal components in the porphyrin-forming reaction involving condensation of steroidal-alkylaldehydes and pyrrole to give 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(steroidal-alkyl)porphyrins and differ in the way in which the required aldehyde is introduced to the steroidal component. In the other strategy, a steroidal component is introduced by post-porphyrin synthesis reactions and here also two approaches were explored, one involving nucleophilic substitution and the other esterification. Of the four approaches investigated, the most efficient and most versatile one attaches the steroidal components late in the sequence to a 5,10,15,20-tetra(ω-haloalkyl)porphyrin by a nucleophilic substitution reaction. In this way, a 5,10,15,20-tetrakis[oestrone-linked-heptyl)porphyrin was obtained in 47 % yield.
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Yang S, Sun B, Ou Z, Meng D, Lu G, Fang Y, Kadish KM. β-Nitro-substituted free-base, iron(III) and manganese(III) tetraarylporphyrins: synthesis, electrochemistry and effect of the NO2 substituent on spectra and redox potentials in non-aqueous media. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2013. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424613500612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Two free-base and four metal derivatives of substituted tetraarylporphyrins containing a nitro-substituent on the β-pyrrole position of the macrocycle were synthesized and characterized by UV-vis, FTIR, 1 H NMR and mass spectrometry as well as electrochemistry and spectroelectrochemistry in non-aqueous media. The porphyrins are represented as ( NO 2 TmPP ) M and ( NO 2 TdmPP ) M , where M = 2 H , Fe III Cl or Mn III Cl , m is a CH 3 group on the para-position of the four meso-phenyl rings of the tetraphenylporphyrin (TPP) and dm represents two OCH 3 substituents on the meta-positions of each phenyl ring of the TPP macrocycle. UV-visible spectra of the nitro-substituted porphyrins exhibit absorption bands which are red-shifted by 4–11 nm as compared to bands of the same substituted tetraarylporphyrins lacking a nitro substituent. Three or four reductions are observed for each iron and manganese nitroporphyrin, the first of which is metal-centered, leading to formation of an Fe ( II ) or Mn ( II ) complex. Further reduction at the metal center occurs for the iron porphyrins but this reaction proceeds via an Fe ( II ) π anion radical in the case of the two nitro-substituented derivatives. The β-nitro-substituted porphyrins are easier to reduce and harder to oxidize than the corresponding compounds lacking a nitro group. The effect of NO 2 substituent on reduction/oxidation potentials and the site of electron transfer was also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuibo Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, P. R. China
| | - Bin Sun
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, P. R. China
| | - Zhongping Ou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, P. R. China
| | - Deying Meng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, P. R. China
| | - Guifen Lu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, P. R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Fang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204-5003, USA
| | - Karl M. Kadish
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204-5003, USA
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Kadish KM, Ou Z, Zhan R, Khoury T, E W, Crossley MJ. Synthesis, electrochemistry and spectroelectrochemistry of tetraundecylporphyrins in nonaqueous media. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2012. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424610002732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Six meso-substituted tetraundecylporphyrins were prepared in high yield using an improved synthetic method and then characterized by electrochemistry and spectroelectrochemistry as well as UV-vis, FTIR and NMR spectroscopy. The examined compounds are represented as (TUP)M where M = H2, ZnII, CuII, NiII, PdII or MnIIICl and TUP is the dianion of a porphyrin having undecyl groups (-CH2(CH2)9CH3) on the four meso-positions of the macrocycle. Two oxidations are observed for each compound in CH2Cl2 and PhCN containing 0.1 M TBAP, leading to the stepwise formation of π-cation radicals and dications. The free-base and MnIIICl derivatives undergo two reductions but only one reversible reduction is seen for the other porphyrins under the given solution conditions. Comparisons are made between the electrochemical behavior of the (TUP)M derivatives and two related series of porphyrins, (TPP)M and (OEP)M. The effect of substituents on the meso-positions of the TUP macrocycle is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl M. Kadish
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas TX77204-5003, USA
| | - Zhongping Ou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas TX77204-5003, USA
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, P. R. China
| | - Riqiang Zhan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas TX77204-5003, USA
| | - Tony Khoury
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Wenbo E
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas TX77204-5003, USA
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