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Hall M. Enzymatic strategies for asymmetric synthesis. RSC Chem Biol 2021; 2:958-989. [PMID: 34458820 PMCID: PMC8341948 DOI: 10.1039/d1cb00080b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Enzymes, at the turn of the 21st century, are gaining a momentum. Especially in the field of synthetic organic chemistry, a broad variety of biocatalysts are being applied in an increasing number of processes running at up to industrial scale. In addition to the advantages of employing enzymes under environmentally friendly reaction conditions, synthetic chemists are recognizing the value of enzymes connected to the exquisite selectivity of these natural (or engineered) catalysts. The use of hydrolases in enantioselective protocols paved the way to the application of enzymes in asymmetric synthesis, in particular in the context of biocatalytic (dynamic) kinetic resolutions. After two decades of impressive development, the field is now mature to propose a panel of catalytically diverse enzymes for (i) stereoselective reactions with prochiral compounds, such as double bond reduction and bond forming reactions, (ii) formal enantioselective replacement of one of two enantiotopic groups of prochiral substrates, as well as (iii) atroposelective reactions with noncentrally chiral compounds. In this review, the major enzymatic strategies broadly applicable in the asymmetric synthesis of optically pure chiral compounds are presented, with a focus on the reactions developed within the past decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélanie Hall
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz Heinrichstrasse 28 8010 Graz Austria
- Field of Excellence BioHealth - University of Graz Austria
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2
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Harwood LA, Wong LL, Robertson J. Enzymatic Kinetic Resolution by Addition of Oxygen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202011468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lucy A. Harwood
- Department of Chemistry University of Oxford Chemistry Research Laboratory Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
| | - Luet L. Wong
- Department of Chemistry University of Oxford Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory South Parks Road Oxford OX1 3QR UK
- Oxford Suzhou Centre for Advanced Research Ruo Shui Road, Suzhou Industrial Park Jiangsu 215123 P. R. China
| | - Jeremy Robertson
- Department of Chemistry University of Oxford Chemistry Research Laboratory Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
- Oxford Suzhou Centre for Advanced Research Ruo Shui Road, Suzhou Industrial Park Jiangsu 215123 P. R. China
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Harwood LA, Wong LL, Robertson J. Enzymatic Kinetic Resolution by Addition of Oxygen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:4434-4447. [PMID: 33037837 PMCID: PMC7986699 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202011468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Kinetic resolution using biocatalysis has proven to be an excellent complementary technique to traditional asymmetric catalysis for the production of enantioenriched compounds. Resolution using oxidative enzymes produces valuable oxygenated structures for use in synthetic route development. This Minireview focuses on enzymes which catalyse the insertion of an oxygen atom into the substrate and, in so doing, can achieve oxidative kinetic resolution. The Baeyer-Villiger rearrangement, epoxidation, and hydroxylation are included, and biological advancements in enzyme development, and applications of these key enantioenriched intermediates in natural product synthesis are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy A. Harwood
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of OxfordChemistry Research LaboratoryMansfield RoadOxfordOX1 3TAUK
| | - Luet L. Wong
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of OxfordInorganic Chemistry LaboratorySouth Parks RoadOxfordOX1 3QRUK
- Oxford Suzhou Centre for Advanced ResearchRuo Shui Road, Suzhou Industrial ParkJiangsu215123P. R. China
| | - Jeremy Robertson
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of OxfordChemistry Research LaboratoryMansfield RoadOxfordOX1 3TAUK
- Oxford Suzhou Centre for Advanced ResearchRuo Shui Road, Suzhou Industrial ParkJiangsu215123P. R. China
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Abstract
Flavoenzymes are broadly employed as biocatalysts for a large variety of reactions, owing to the chemical versatility of the flavin cofactor. Oxidases set aside, many flavoenzymes require a source of electrons in form of the biological reductant nicotinamide NAD(P)H in order to initiate catalysis via the reduced flavin. Chemists can take advantage of the reactivity of reduced flavins with oxygen to carry out monooxygenation reactions, while the reduced flavin can also be used for formal hydrogenation reactions. The main advantage of these reactions compared to chemical approaches is the frequent regio-, chemo- and stereo-selectivity of the biocatalysts, which allows the synthesis of chiral molecules in optically active form. This chapter provides an overview of the variety of biocatalytic processes that have been developed with flavoenzymes, with a particular focus on nicotinamide-dependent enzymes. The diversity of molecules obtained is highlighted and in several cases, strategies that allow control of the stereochemical outcome of the reactions are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélanie Hall
- Department of Chemistry, University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
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Organocatalysis and Biocatalysis Hand in Hand: Combining Catalysts in One-Pot Procedures. Adv Synth Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201700158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Chemical applications of Class B flavoprotein monooxygenases. RENDICONTI LINCEI-SCIENZE FISICHE E NATURALI 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s12210-016-0583-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Mortazavi SS, Chavez-Flores D, Salvador JM. Isomerase activity of Candida rugosa lipase in the optimized conversion of racemic ibuprofen to (S)-ibuprofen. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-016-0231-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Méndez-Sánchez D, Mangas-Sánchez J, Busto E, Gotor V, Gotor-Fernández V. Dynamic Reductive Kinetic Resolution of Benzyl Ketones using Alcohol Dehydrogenases and Anion Exchange Resins. Adv Synth Catal 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201500801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Mangas-Sánchez J, Busto E, Gotor V, Gotor-Fernández V. One-Pot Synthesis of Enantiopure 3,4-Dihydroisocoumarins through Dynamic Reductive Kinetic Resolution Processes. Org Lett 2013; 15:3872-5. [DOI: 10.1021/ol401606x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Mangas-Sánchez
- Organic and Inorganic Chemistry Department, University of Oviedo, Avenida Julián Clavería s/n. Oviedo 33006, Spain
| | - Eduardo Busto
- Organic and Inorganic Chemistry Department, University of Oviedo, Avenida Julián Clavería s/n. Oviedo 33006, Spain
| | - Vicente Gotor
- Organic and Inorganic Chemistry Department, University of Oviedo, Avenida Julián Clavería s/n. Oviedo 33006, Spain
| | - Vicente Gotor-Fernández
- Organic and Inorganic Chemistry Department, University of Oviedo, Avenida Julián Clavería s/n. Oviedo 33006, Spain
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Cuetos A, Lavandera I, Gotor V. Expanding dynamic kinetic protocols: transaminase-catalyzed synthesis of α-substituted β-amino ester derivatives. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 49:10688-90. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cc46760k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Rachwalski M, Vermue N, Rutjes FPJT. Recent advances in enzymatic and chemical deracemisation of racemic compounds. Chem Soc Rev 2013; 42:9268-82. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cs60175g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Henrot M, Richter MEA, Maddaluno J, Hertweck C, De Paolis M. Convergent Asymmetric Synthesis of (+)-Aureothin Employing an Oxygenase-Mediated Resolution Step. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:9587-91. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201204259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Henrot M, Richter MEA, Maddaluno J, Hertweck C, De Paolis M. Convergent Asymmetric Synthesis of (+)-Aureothin Employing an Oxygenase-Mediated Resolution Step. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201204259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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de Gonzalo G, Rodríguez C, Rioz-Martínez A, Gotor V. Improvement of the biocatalytic properties of one phenylacetone monooxygenase mutant in hydrophilic organic solvents. Enzyme Microb Technol 2011; 50:43-9. [PMID: 22133439 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2011.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2011] [Revised: 09/09/2011] [Accepted: 09/12/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The presence of different hydrophilic organic solvents or a water soluble polymer such as PEG 4000 led to an enhancement in the enzymatic activity of the M446G mutant of phenylacetone monooxygenase when it is employed in enantioselective sulfoxidations and Baeyer-Villiger reactions. By solvent engineering new substrates were found to be effectively converted by this Baeyer-Villiger monooxygenase. The use of 5% methanol together with the weak anion exchange resin Lewatit MP62 also allows the dynamic kinetic resolution of a set of racemic benzylketones. By this approach (S)-benzylesters could be obtained with high yields and optical purities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo de Gonzalo
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, Instituto Universitario de Biotecnología de Asturias, Universidad de Oviedo, c/Julián Clavería 8, 33006 Oviedo, Spain.
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Fink MJ, Rudroff F, Mihovilovic MD. Baeyer-Villiger monooxygenases in aroma compound synthesis. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 21:6135-8. [PMID: 21900007 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2011] [Revised: 08/02/2011] [Accepted: 08/04/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Baeyer-Villiger monooxygenases (BVMOs) are presented as highly selective and efficient biocatalysts for the synthesis of aroma lactones via kinetic resolution of 2-substituted cycloketones, exemplified with two δ-valerolactones, the jasmine lactones and their ε-caprolactone homologs. Analytical scale screens of our BVMO library ensued by preparative whole-cell biotransformations led to the identification of two enzymes (cyclohexanone monooxygenase from Arthrobacter BP2 and cyclododecanone monooxygenase from Rhodococcus SC1) perfectly suited for the task at hand: easily accessible racemic starting materials were bio-oxidized to almost enantiopure ketones and lactones in good yields (48-74%) and optical purities (ee 93% to >99%, E>100).
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Fink
- Institute for Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9/163, A-1090, Vienna, Austria
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Brondani PB, de Gonzalo G, Fraaije MW, Andrade LH. Selective Oxidations of Organoboron Compounds Catalyzed by Baeyer-Villiger Monooxygenases. Adv Synth Catal 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201100029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Rioz-Martínez A, Cuetos A, Rodríguez C, de Gonzalo G, Lavandera I, Fraaije MW, Gotor V. Dynamic Kinetic Resolution of α-Substituted β-Ketoesters Catalyzed by Baeyer-Villiger Monooxygenases: Access to Enantiopure α-Hydroxy Esters. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201103348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Rioz-Martínez A, Cuetos A, Rodríguez C, de Gonzalo G, Lavandera I, Fraaije MW, Gotor V. Dynamic Kinetic Resolution of α-Substituted β-Ketoesters Catalyzed by Baeyer-Villiger Monooxygenases: Access to Enantiopure α-Hydroxy Esters. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 50:8387-90. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201103348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Leisch H, Morley K, Lau PCK. Baeyer−Villiger Monooxygenases: More Than Just Green Chemistry. Chem Rev 2011; 111:4165-222. [DOI: 10.1021/cr1003437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 317] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hannes Leisch
- Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Council Canada, 6100 Royalmount Avenue, Montreal, Quebec H4P 2R2, Canada
| | - Krista Morley
- Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Council Canada, 6100 Royalmount Avenue, Montreal, Quebec H4P 2R2, Canada
| | - Peter C. K. Lau
- Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Council Canada, 6100 Royalmount Avenue, Montreal, Quebec H4P 2R2, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, 3775 University Street, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2B4, Canada
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de Gonzalo G, Mihovilovic MD, Fraaije MW. Recent developments in the application of Baeyer-Villiger monooxygenases as biocatalysts. Chembiochem 2011; 11:2208-31. [PMID: 20936617 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201000395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Baeyer-Villiger monooxygenases (BVMOs) represent a specific class of monooxygenases that are capable of catalyzing a variety of oxidation reactions, including Baeyer-Villiger oxidations. The recently elucidated BVMO crystal structures have provided a more detailed insight into the complex mechanism of these flavin-containing enzymes. Biocatalytic studies on a number of newly discovered BVMOs have shown that they are very potent oxidative biocatalysts. In addition to catalyzing the regio- and enantioselective Baeyer-Villiger oxidations of a wide range of carbonylic compounds, epoxidations, and enantioselective sulfoxidations have also been shown to be part of their catalytic repertoire. This review provides an overview on the recent developments in BVMO-mediated biocatalytic processes, identification of the catalytic role of these enzymes in metabolic routes and prodrug activation, as well as the efforts in developing effective biocatalytic methodologies to apply BVMOs for the synthesis of high added value compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo de Gonzalo
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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