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Menke AJ, Mellberg JM, Pan H, Reibenspies JH, Janesko BG, Simanek EE. Controlling Swing Rates in Macrocyclic Molecular Mortise Hinges. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202300987. [PMID: 37229593 PMCID: PMC10524934 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202300987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Hinge motion is observed in macrocyclic, mortise-type molecular hinges using variable temperature NMR spectroscopy. The data is consistent with dynamic hinging from a folded-to-extended-to-folded enantiomeric state. Crystallographic and solution structures of the folded states are reported. Chemical shift predictions derived from crystallographic data corroborate fully revolute hinge motion. The rate of hinging is affected by steric congestion at the hinge axis. A macrocycle containing glycine, 1, hinges faster than one comprising aminoisobutyric acid, 2. The free energies of activation, ΔG≠ , for 1 and 2 were determined to be 13.3±0.3 kcal/mol and 16.3±0.3 kcal/mol, respectively. This barrier is largely independent of solvent across those surveyed (CD3 OD, CD3 CN, DMSO-d6 , pyridine-d5 , D2 O). Experiment and computation predict energy barriers that are consistent with disruption of an intramolecular network of hydrogen bonds. DFT calculations reveal a pathway for hinge motion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander J Menke
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX, 76129, USA
| | - Joseph M Mellberg
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX, 76129, USA
| | - Hongjun Pan
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, 76203, USA
| | | | - Benjamin G Janesko
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX, 76129, USA
| | - Eric E Simanek
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX, 76129, USA
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2
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S VB, Vadivel M, Singh DP, Raghunathan VA, Roy A, Kumar S. Benzopyrano-Fused Phenanthridine-Based Columnar Mesogens: Synthesis, Self-organization and Charge-Transport Properties. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202300227. [PMID: 36856078 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202300227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
Columnar mesogens constitute a fascinating class of supramolecular nano-architectures owing to the exceptional properties induced by their self-assembling behavior. Extending the π-conjugated core in such systems by incorporating heteroatoms extensively influences their mesomorphic, photophysical properties, etc., presenting them as potential candidates for optoelectronic applications. In the present work, a series of novel nitrogen and oxygen-incorporated chromenonaphthophenanthridine-based elliptical dimers have been synthesized through tandem Pictet-Spengler cyclization followed by ipso-aromatic substitution in one-pot. Mesophase characterization has been carried out by employing POM, DSC, and X-ray diffraction studies. Photophysical properties were investigated using UV-vis and emission spectroscopy. Furthermore, the charge transport properties were analyzed by time-of-flight measurements, and the observed ambipolar mobilities were found to be of the order of 10-3 cm2 V-1 s-1 . The high solubility, excellent thermal stability, self-organizing properties, and ambipolar charge transport characteristics make them promising candidates for applications in organic electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanishree Bhat S
- Soft Condensed Matter group, Raman Research Institute, C. V. Raman Avenue, Bangalore, 560080, India
| | - Marichandran Vadivel
- Soft Condensed Matter group, Raman Research Institute, C. V. Raman Avenue, Bangalore, 560080, India
| | - Dharmendra Pratap Singh
- UDSMM, Unité de Dynamique et Structure es Matériaux Moléculaires, Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, UR 4476, Calais, 62228, France
| | - V A Raghunathan
- Soft Condensed Matter group, Raman Research Institute, C. V. Raman Avenue, Bangalore, 560080, India
| | - Arun Roy
- Soft Condensed Matter group, Raman Research Institute, C. V. Raman Avenue, Bangalore, 560080, India
| | - Sandeep Kumar
- Soft Condensed Matter group, Raman Research Institute, C. V. Raman Avenue, Bangalore, 560080, India
- Department of Chemistry, Nitte Meenakshi Institute of Technology, Yelahanka, Bangalore, 560064, India
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3
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Bouarfa S, Jéhan P, Erb W, Mongin O, Porée FH, Roisnel T, Bentabed-Ababsa G, Le Yondre N, Mongin F. Aza-aromatic polycycles based on triphenylene and acridine or acridone: synthesis and properties. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj02630e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Our attempts to N-arylate anilines with 2-iodotriphenylene and then cyclize with the adjacent carbonyl group are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salima Bouarfa
- Univ Rennes
- CNRS
- ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) – UMR 6226
- F-35000 Rennes
- France
| | - Philippe Jéhan
- Univ Rennes
- CNRS
- ScanMat – UMS 2001
- Centre Régional de Mesures Physiques de l’Ouest – CRMPO
- Rennes
| | - William Erb
- Univ Rennes
- CNRS
- ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) – UMR 6226
- F-35000 Rennes
- France
| | - Olivier Mongin
- Univ Rennes
- CNRS
- ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) – UMR 6226
- F-35000 Rennes
- France
| | - François-Hugues Porée
- Univ Rennes
- CNRS
- ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) – UMR 6226
- F-35000 Rennes
- France
| | - Thierry Roisnel
- Univ Rennes
- CNRS
- ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) – UMR 6226
- F-35000 Rennes
- France
| | - Ghenia Bentabed-Ababsa
- Laboratoire de Synthèse Organique Appliquée
- Faculté des Sciences Exactes et Appliquées
- Université d’Oran 1 Ahmed Ben Bella
- 31000 Oran
- Algeria
| | - Nicolas Le Yondre
- Univ Rennes
- CNRS
- ScanMat – UMS 2001
- Centre Régional de Mesures Physiques de l’Ouest – CRMPO
- Rennes
| | - Florence Mongin
- Univ Rennes
- CNRS
- ScanMat – UMS 2001
- Centre Régional de Mesures Physiques de l’Ouest – CRMPO
- Rennes
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4
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Martin-Jimenez D, Ahles S, Mollenhauer D, Wegner HA, Schirmeisen A, Ebeling D. Bond-Level Imaging of the 3D Conformation of Adsorbed Organic Molecules Using Atomic Force Microscopy with Simultaneous Tunneling Feedback. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 122:196101. [PMID: 31144947 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.196101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The chemical structure and orientation of molecules on surfaces can be visualized using low temperature atomic force microscopy with CO-functionalized tips. Conventionally, this is done in constant-height mode by measuring the frequency shift of the oscillating force sensor. However, this method is unsuitable for analyzing 3D objects. We are using the tunneling current to track the topography while simultaneously obtaining submolecular resolution from the frequency shift signal. Thereby, the conformation of 3D molecules and the adsorption sites on the atomic lattice can be reliably determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Martin-Jimenez
- Institute of Applied Physics (IAP), Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16, 35392 Giessen, Germany
- Center for Materials Research (LaMa), Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Ahles
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, 35392 Giessen, Germany
- Center for Materials Research (LaMa), Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Doreen Mollenhauer
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, 35392 Giessen, Germany
- Center for Materials Research (LaMa), Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Hermann A Wegner
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, 35392 Giessen, Germany
- Center for Materials Research (LaMa), Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Andre Schirmeisen
- Institute of Applied Physics (IAP), Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16, 35392 Giessen, Germany
- Center for Materials Research (LaMa), Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Daniel Ebeling
- Institute of Applied Physics (IAP), Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16, 35392 Giessen, Germany
- Center for Materials Research (LaMa), Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16, 35392 Giessen, Germany
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Schouwey C, Papmeyer M, Scopelliti R, Severin K. A heterometallic macrocycle as a redox-controlled molecular hinge. Dalton Trans 2015; 44:2252-8. [PMID: 25521255 DOI: 10.1039/c4dt03331k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The ability to modify the structure of nanoscopic assemblies in a controlled fashion is an important prerequisite for the creation of functional supramolecular systems. Here, we describe a heterometallic Pt2Cu2-macrocycle which behaves as a molecular hinge. A square-planar Pt(ii) complex with pendent 2-formylpyridine groups was synthesized and structurally characterized. Condensation of the complex with benzylamine followed by reaction with Cu(MeCN)4BF4 resulted in the formation of a rectangular Pt2Cu2-macrocycle. Upon chemical oxidation of the Cu centers, the macrocycle folds up to adopt a butterfly-like geometry in which the Pt centers approach each other. This process can be reversed by chemical reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clément Schouwey
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Mass spectrometric studies of self-condensation products of cyclohexanone under alkaline conditions and synthesis of dodecahydrotriphenylene and triphenylene from easily available reactants. Russ Chem Bull 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-014-0632-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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7
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Chuang CJ, Lai CC, Liu YH, Peng SM, Chiu SH. A Two-Stage Molecular Retractable Cable Featuring Push-Button and Rotary Two-Way Switching Modes. Chemistry 2012; 18:16698-707. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201202820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2012] [Revised: 09/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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8
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Liu Y, Chen X, Lv Y, Chen S, W. Y. Lam J, Mahtab F, Kwok HS, Tao X, Tang BZ. Systemic Studies of Tetraphenylethene-Triphenylamine Oligomers and a Polymer: Achieving Both Efficient Solid-State Emissions and Hole-Transporting Capability. Chemistry 2012; 18:9929-38. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201201400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2012] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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9
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Thirion D, Romain M, Rault-Berthelot J, Poriel C. Intramolecular excimer emission as a blue light source in fluorescent organic light emitting diodes: a promising molecular design. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2jm16774c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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10
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Blue Emitting 3 π-2 Spiro Terfluorene-Indenofluorene Isomers: A Structure-Properties Relationship Study. Chemistry 2011; 17:14031-46. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201102212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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11
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Thirion D, Poriel C, Métivier R, Rault-Berthelot J, Barrière F, Jeannin O. Violet-to-Blue Tunable Emission of Aryl-Substituted Dispirofluorene-Indenofluorene Isomers by Conformationally-Controllable Intramolecular Excimer Formation. Chemistry 2011; 17:10272-87. [PMID: 21826751 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201100971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Damien Thirion
- Université de Rennes 1, UMR CNRS 6226, Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, Bat 10C, Campus de Beaulieu, 35042 Rennes cedex, France
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12
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Nandy R, Sankararaman S. Donor-acceptor substituted phenylethynyltriphenylenes - excited state intramolecular charge transfer, solvatochromic absorption and fluorescence emission. Beilstein J Org Chem 2010; 6:992-1001. [PMID: 21085512 PMCID: PMC2981938 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.6.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2010] [Accepted: 10/05/2010] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Several 2-(phenylethynyl)triphenylene derivatives bearing electron donor and acceptor substituents on the phenyl rings have been synthesized. The absorption and fluorescence emission properties of these molecules have been studied in solvents of different polarity. For a given derivative, solvent polarity had minimal effect on the absorption maxima. However, for a given solvent the absorption maxima red shifted with increasing conjugation of the substituent. The fluorescence emission of these derivatives was very sensitive to solvent polarity. In the presence of strongly electron withdrawing (-CN) and strongly electron donating (-NMe₂) substituents large Stokes shifts (up to 130 nm, 7828 cm⁻¹) were observed in DMSO. In the presence of carbonyl substituents (-COMe and -COPh), the largest Stokes shift (140 nm, 8163 cm⁻¹) was observed in ethanol. Linear correlation was observed for the Stokes shifts in a Lippert-Mataga plot. Linear correlation of Stokes shift was also observed with E(T)(30) scale for protic and aprotic solvents but with different slopes. These results indicate that the fluorescence emission arises from excited state intramolecular charge transfer in these molecules where the triphenylene chromophore acts either as a donor or as an acceptor depending upon the nature of the substituent on the phenyl ring. HOMO-LUMO energy gaps have been estimated from the electrochemical and spectral data for these derivatives. The HOMO and LUMO surfaces were obtained from DFT calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritesh Nandy
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
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13
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Toyota
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Okayama University of Science, 1-1 Ridaicho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-0005, Japan
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