1
|
Meneghetti M, Naughton L, O’Shea C, Koffi Teki DSE, Chagnault V, Nader HB, Rudd TR, Yates EA, Kovensky J, Miller GJ, Lima MA. Using NMR to Dissect the Chemical Space and O-Sulfation Effects within the O- and S-Glycoside Analogues of Heparan Sulfate. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:24461-24467. [PMID: 35874203 PMCID: PMC9301708 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c02070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Heparan sulfate (HS), a sulfated linear carbohydrate that decorates the cell surface and extracellular matrix, is ubiquitously distributed throughout the animal kingdom and represents a key regulator of biological processes and a largely untapped reservoir of potential therapeutic targets. The temporal and spatial variations in the HS structure underpin the concept of "heparanome" and a complex network of HS binding proteins. However, despite its widespread biological roles, the determination of direct structure-to-function correlations is impaired by HS chemical heterogeneity. Attempts to correlate substitution patterns (mostly at the level of sulfation) with a given biological activity have been made. Nonetheless, these do not generally consider higher-level conformational effects at the carbohydrate level. Here, the use of NMR chemical shift analysis, NOEs, and spin-spin coupling constants sheds new light on how different sulfation patterns affect the polysaccharide backbone geometry. Furthermore, the substitution of native O-glycosidic linkages to hydrolytically more stable S-glycosidic forms leads to observable conformational changes in model saccharides, suggesting that alternative chemical spaces can be accessed and explored using such mimetics. Employing a series of systematically modified heparin oligosaccharides (as a proxy for HS) and chemically synthesized O- and S-glycoside analogues, the chemical space occupied by such compounds is explored and described.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria
C.Z. Meneghetti
- Departamento
de Bioquímica, Instituto de Farmacologia e Biologia Molecular,
Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade
Federal de São Paulo, Rua Três de Maio, 100, São Paulo 04044-020, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lucy Naughton
- School
of Life Sciences, Keele University, Keele ST55BG, Staffordshire, U.K.
- Centre
for Glycosciences, Keele University, Keele ST55BG, Staffordshire, U.K.
| | - Conor O’Shea
- Centre
for Glycosciences, Keele University, Keele ST55BG, Staffordshire, U.K.
- Lennard-Jones
Laboratories, School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Keele University, Keele ST55BG, Staffordshire, U.K.
| | - Dindet S.-E. Koffi Teki
- Laboratoire
de Glycochimie, des Antimicrobiens et des Agroressources (LG2A), UMR
7378 CNRS, Université de Picardie
Jules Verne, 33 rue Saint Leu, Amiens Cedex F-80039, France
| | - Vincent Chagnault
- Laboratoire
de Glycochimie, des Antimicrobiens et des Agroressources (LG2A), UMR
7378 CNRS, Université de Picardie
Jules Verne, 33 rue Saint Leu, Amiens Cedex F-80039, France
| | - Helena B. Nader
- Departamento
de Bioquímica, Instituto de Farmacologia e Biologia Molecular,
Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade
Federal de São Paulo, Rua Três de Maio, 100, São Paulo 04044-020, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Timothy R. Rudd
- National
Institute for Biological Standards and Control (NIBSC), Blanche Lane, South Mimms, Potters Bar EN6 3QG, Hertfordshire, U.K.
- Department
of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular
and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, U.K.
| | - Edwin A. Yates
- Department
of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular
and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, U.K.
| | - José Kovensky
- Laboratoire
de Glycochimie, des Antimicrobiens et des Agroressources (LG2A), UMR
7378 CNRS, Université de Picardie
Jules Verne, 33 rue Saint Leu, Amiens Cedex F-80039, France
| | - Gavin J. Miller
- Centre
for Glycosciences, Keele University, Keele ST55BG, Staffordshire, U.K.
- Lennard-Jones
Laboratories, School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Keele University, Keele ST55BG, Staffordshire, U.K.
| | - Marcelo A. Lima
- School
of Life Sciences, Keele University, Keele ST55BG, Staffordshire, U.K.
- Centre
for Glycosciences, Keele University, Keele ST55BG, Staffordshire, U.K.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Mycroft-West CJ, Su D, Pagani I, Rudd TR, Elli S, Gandhi NS, Guimond SE, Miller GJ, Meneghetti MCZ, Nader HB, Li Y, Nunes QM, Procter P, Mancini N, Clementi M, Bisio A, Forsyth NR, Ferro V, Turnbull JE, Guerrini M, Fernig DG, Vicenzi E, Yates EA, Lima MA, Skidmore MA. Heparin Inhibits Cellular Invasion by SARS-CoV-2: Structural Dependence of the Interaction of the Spike S1 Receptor-Binding Domain with Heparin. Thromb Haemost 2020; 120:1700-1715. [PMID: 33368089 PMCID: PMC7869224 DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1721319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The dependence of development and homeostasis in animals on the interaction of hundreds of extracellular regulatory proteins with the peri- and extracellular glycosaminoglycan heparan sulfate (HS) is exploited by many microbial pathogens as a means of adherence and invasion. Heparin, a widely used anticoagulant drug, is structurally similar to HS and is a common experimental proxy. Exogenous heparin prevents infection by a range of viruses, including S-associated coronavirus isolate HSR1. Here, we show that heparin inhibits severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) invasion of Vero cells by up to 80% at doses achievable through prophylaxis and, particularly relevant, within the range deliverable by nebulisation. Surface plasmon resonance and circular dichroism spectroscopy demonstrate that heparin and enoxaparin, a low-molecular-weight heparin which is a clinical anticoagulant, bind and induce a conformational change in the spike (S1) protein receptor-binding domain (S1 RBD) of SARS-CoV-2. A library of heparin derivatives and size-defined fragments were used to probe the structural basis of this interaction. Binding to the RBD is more strongly dependent on the presence of 2-O or 6-O sulfate groups than on N-sulfation and a hexasaccharide is the minimum size required for secondary structural changes to be induced in the RBD. It is likely that inhibition of viral infection arises from an overlap between the binding sites of heparin/HS on S1 RBD and that of the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2. The results suggest a route for the rapid development of a first-line therapeutic by repurposing heparin and its derivatives as antiviral agents against SARS-CoV-2 and other members of the Coronaviridae.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Courtney J. Mycroft-West
- Molecular and Structural Biosciences, School of Life Sciences, Keele University, Newcastle-Under-Lyme, Staffordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Dunhao Su
- Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Isabel Pagani
- Viral Pathogenesis and Biosafety Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Timothy R. Rudd
- Analytical and Biological Sciences Division, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Potters Bar, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Stefano Elli
- Istituto di Ricerche Chimiche e Biochimiche G. Ronzoni, Milan, Italy
| | - Neha S. Gandhi
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Scott E. Guimond
- School of Medicine, Keele University, Newcastle-Under-Lyme, Staffordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Gavin J. Miller
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Keele University, Newcastle-Under-Lyme, Staffordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Maria C. Z. Meneghetti
- Biochemistry Department, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP Brazil
| | - Helena B. Nader
- Biochemistry Department, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP Brazil
| | - Yong Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Quentin M. Nunes
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Patricia Procter
- Molecular and Structural Biosciences, School of Life Sciences, Keele University, Newcastle-Under-Lyme, Staffordshire, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Antonella Bisio
- Istituto di Ricerche Chimiche e Biochimiche G. Ronzoni, Milan, Italy
| | - Nicholas R. Forsyth
- Guy Hilton Research Centre, School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Keele University, Hartshill, Stoke-on-Trent, Staffordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Vito Ferro
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Jeremy E. Turnbull
- Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Marco Guerrini
- Istituto di Ricerche Chimiche e Biochimiche G. Ronzoni, Milan, Italy
| | - David G. Fernig
- Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Elisa Vicenzi
- Viral Pathogenesis and Biosafety Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Edwin A. Yates
- Molecular and Structural Biosciences, School of Life Sciences, Keele University, Newcastle-Under-Lyme, Staffordshire, United Kingdom
- Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Marcelo A. Lima
- Molecular and Structural Biosciences, School of Life Sciences, Keele University, Newcastle-Under-Lyme, Staffordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Mark A. Skidmore
- Molecular and Structural Biosciences, School of Life Sciences, Keele University, Newcastle-Under-Lyme, Staffordshire, United Kingdom
- Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Townsend D, Fullwood NJ, Yates EA, Middleton DA. Aggregation Kinetics and Filament Structure of a Tau Fragment Are Influenced by the Sulfation Pattern of the Cofactor Heparin. Biochemistry 2020; 59:4003-4014. [PMID: 32954725 PMCID: PMC7584336 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.0c00443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
A pathological signature of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the formation of neurofibrillary tangles comprising filamentous aggregates of the microtubule associated protein tau. Tau self-assembly is accelerated by polyanions including heparin, an analogue of heparan sulfate. Tau filaments colocalize with heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) in vivo, and HSPGs may also assist the transcellular propagation of tau aggregates. Here, we investigate the role of the sulfate moieties of heparin in the aggregation of a recombinant tau fragment Δtau187, comprising residues 255-441 of the C-terminal microtubule-binding domain. The effects that the selective removal of the N-, 2-O-, and 6-O-sulfate groups from heparin have on the kinetics of tau aggregation, aggregate morphology, and protein structure and dynamics were examined. Aggregation kinetics monitored by thioflavin T (ThT) fluorescence revealed that aggregation is considerably slower in the presence of 2-O-desulfated heparin than with N- or 6-O-desulfated heparin. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that tau filaments induced by 2-O-desulfated heparin were more slender than filaments formed in the presence of intact heparin or 6-O-desulfated heparin. The 2-O-desulfated heparin-induced filaments had more extensive regions of flexibility than the other filaments, according to circular dichroism and solid-state NMR spectroscopy. These results indicate that the sulfation pattern of heparin regulates tau aggregation, not purely though electrostatic forces but also through conformational perturbations of heparin when the 2-O-sulfate is removed. These findings may have implications for the progression of AD, as the sulfation pattern of GAGs is known to change during the aging process, which is the main risk factor for the disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Townsend
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Lancaster, Lancaster LA1 4YB, U.K.
| | - Nigel J. Fullwood
- Division
of Biomedical and Life Sciences, University
of Lancaster, Lancaster LA1 4YG, U.K.
| | - Edwin A. Yates
- Department
of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular
and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, U.K.
| | - David A. Middleton
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Lancaster, Lancaster LA1 4YB, U.K.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Abdallah MM, Fernández N, Matias AA, Bronze MDR. Hyaluronic acid and Chondroitin sulfate from marine and terrestrial sources: Extraction and purification methods. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 243:116441. [PMID: 32532391 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Hyaluronic acid (HA) and chondroitin sulfate (CS) are valuable bioactive polysaccharides that have been highly used in biomedical and pharmaceutical applications. Extensive research was done to ensure their efficient extraction from marine and terrestrial by-products at a high yield and purity, using specific techniques to isolate and purify them. In general, the cartilage is the most common source for CS, while the vitreous humor is main used source of HA. The developed methods were based in general on tissue hydrolysis, removal of proteins and purification of the target biopolymers. They differ in the extraction conditions, enzymes and/or solvents used and the purification technique. This leads to specific purity, molecular weight and sulfation pattern of the isolated HA and CS. This review focuses on the analysis and comparison of different extraction and purification methods developed to isolate these valuable biopolymers from marine and terrestrial animal by-products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maha M Abdallah
- iBET, Institute of Experimental Biology and Technology, Avenida da República, Estação Agronómica, 2780-157, Portugal; ITQB-UNL, Institute of Chemical and Biological Technology, New University of Lisbon, Avenida da República, 2780-157, Portugal
| | - Naiara Fernández
- iBET, Institute of Experimental Biology and Technology, Avenida da República, Estação Agronómica, 2780-157, Portugal
| | - Ana A Matias
- iBET, Institute of Experimental Biology and Technology, Avenida da República, Estação Agronómica, 2780-157, Portugal
| | - Maria do Rosário Bronze
- iBET, Institute of Experimental Biology and Technology, Avenida da República, Estação Agronómica, 2780-157, Portugal; ITQB-UNL, Institute of Chemical and Biological Technology, New University of Lisbon, Avenida da República, 2780-157, Portugal; FFULisboa, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, Avenida Professor Gama Pinto, 1649-003, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Schnur E, Rudd TR. The interaction between oxytocin and heparin. RSC Adv 2020; 10:28300-28313. [PMID: 35519099 PMCID: PMC9055672 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra04204h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Heparin interacts with the nonapeptide oxytocin, the binding region preferentially involves the 6-O- and N-sulfates of glucosamine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Einat Schnur
- National Institute of Biological Standards and Control
- Potters Bar
- UK
| | - Timothy R. Rudd
- National Institute of Biological Standards and Control
- Potters Bar
- UK
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Yates EA, Gallagher JT, Guerrini M. Introduction to the Molecules Special Edition Entitled ' Heparan Sulfate and Heparin: Challenges and Controversies': Some Outstanding Questions in Heparan Sulfate and Heparin Research. Molecules 2019; 24:E1399. [PMID: 30974725 PMCID: PMC6479682 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24071399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The scope of this article is to provide a brief general introduction to heparan sulfate (HS) and heparin, and attempt to identify some of the central challenges regarding research into the chemistry and biology of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), some of which are the subject of contributions to the special issue of Molecules (published in volume 23, 2018) entitled 'Heparan Sulfate and Heparin: Challenges and Controversies' [...].
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edwin A Yates
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK.
| | - John T Gallagher
- University of Manchester and Iduron Ltd, Biohub, Alderley Park, Alderley Edge, Cheshire SK10 4TG, UK.
| | - Marco Guerrini
- Ronzoni Institute for Chemical and Biochemical research, Via G Colombo 81, Milano 20133, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Lu MK, Lin TY, Hu CH, Chao CH, Chang CC, Hsu HY. Characterization of a sulfated galactoglucan from Antrodia cinnamomea and its anticancer mechanism via TGFβ/FAK/Slug axis suppression. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 167:229-239. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.02.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Revised: 02/12/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
|
8
|
Meneghetti MCZ, Hughes AJ, Rudd TR, Nader HB, Powell AK, Yates EA, Lima MA. Heparan sulfate and heparin interactions with proteins. J R Soc Interface 2016; 12:0589. [PMID: 26289657 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2015.0589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Heparan sulfate (HS) polysaccharides are ubiquitous components of the cell surface and extracellular matrix of all multicellular animals, whereas heparin is present within mast cells and can be viewed as a more sulfated, tissue-specific, HS variant. HS and heparin regulate biological processes through interactions with a large repertoire of proteins. Owing to these interactions and diverse effects observed during in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo experiments, manifold biological/pharmacological activities have been attributed to them. The properties that have been thought to bestow protein binding and biological activity upon HS and heparin vary from high levels of sequence specificity to a dependence on charge. In contrast to these opposing opinions, we will argue that the evidence supports both a level of redundancy and a degree of selectivity in the structure-activity relationship. The relationship between this apparent redundancy, the multi-dentate nature of heparin and HS polysaccharide chains, their involvement in protein networks and the multiple binding sites on proteins, each possessing different properties, will also be considered. Finally, the role of cations in modulating HS/heparin activity will be reviewed and some of the implications for structure-activity relationships and regulation will be discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria C Z Meneghetti
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Três de Maio, São Paulo 40440-020, Brazil
| | - Ashley J Hughes
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg 40530, Sweden Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
| | - Timothy R Rudd
- The National Institute for Biological Standards and Control (NIBSC), South Mimms, Potters Bar, Hertfordshire EN6 3QC, UK Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
| | - Helena B Nader
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Três de Maio, São Paulo 40440-020, Brazil
| | - Andrew K Powell
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Science, Liverpool John Moores University, Byrom Street, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
| | - Edwin A Yates
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Três de Maio, São Paulo 40440-020, Brazil
| | - Marcelo A Lima
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Três de Maio, São Paulo 40440-020, Brazil Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Solari V, Rudd TR, Guimond SE, Powell AK, Turnbull JE, Yates EA. Heparan sulfate phage display antibodies recognise epitopes defined by a combination of sugar sequence and cation binding. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 13:6066-72. [PMID: 25952831 DOI: 10.1039/c5ob00564g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Phage display antibodies are widely used to follow heparan sulfate (HS) expression in tissues and cells. We demonstrate by ELISA, that cations alter phage display antibody binding profiles to HS and this is mediated by changes in polysaccharide conformation, demonstrated by circular dichroism spectroscopy. Native HS structures, expressed on the cell surfaces of neuroblastoma and fibroblast cells, also exhibited altered antibody binding profiles following exposure to low mM concentrations of these cations. Phage display antibodies recognise conformationally-defined HS epitopes, rather than sequence alone, as has been assumed, and resemble proteins in being sensitive to changes in both charge distribution and conformation following binding of cations to HS polysaccharides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Solari
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZB, UK.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Skidmore MA, Kajaste-Rudnitski A, Wells NM, Guimond SE, Rudd TR, Yates EA, Vicenzi E. Inhibition of influenza H5N1 invasion by modified heparin derivatives. MEDCHEMCOMM 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4md00516c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Chemically modified heparin derivatives offer a potential source of effective inhibitors of viral attachment, which are suitable for further optimisation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark A. Skidmore
- Department of Biochemistry
- Institute of Integrative Biology
- University of Liverpool
- UK
- School of Life Sciences
| | - Anna Kajaste-Rudnitski
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (TIGET)
- and Division of Regenerative Medicine, Stem Cells and Gene Therapy
- Milan
- Italy
| | - Nicola M. Wells
- Department of Biochemistry
- Institute of Integrative Biology
- University of Liverpool
- UK
| | - Scott E. Guimond
- Department of Biochemistry
- Institute of Integrative Biology
- University of Liverpool
- UK
| | - Timothy R. Rudd
- Diamond Light Source Ltd
- Didcot
- UK
- Department of Biochemistry
- Institute of Integrative Biology
| | - Edwin A. Yates
- Department of Biochemistry
- Institute of Integrative Biology
- University of Liverpool
- UK
| | - Elisa Vicenzi
- Viral Pathogens and Biosafety Unit
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases
- San Raffaele Scientific Institute
- Milano
- Italy
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Vicente CM, Lima MA, Yates EA, Nader HB, Toma L. Enhanced tumorigenic potential of colorectal cancer cells by extracellular sulfatases. Mol Cancer Res 2014; 13:510-23. [PMID: 25477293 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-14-0372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Heparan sulfate endosulfatase-1 and -2 (SULF1 and SULF2) are two important extracellular 6-O-endosulfatases that remove 6-O sulfate groups of N-glucosamine along heparan sulfate (HS) proteoglycan chains often found in the extracellular matrix. The HS sulfation pattern influences signaling events at the cell surface, which are critical for interactions with growth factors and their receptors. SULFs are overexpressed in several types of human tumors, but their role in cancer is still unclear because their molecular mechanism has not been fully explored and understood. To further investigate the functions of these sulfatases in tumorigenesis, stable overexpression models of these genes were generated in the colorectal cancer cells, Caco-2 and HCT-116. Importantly, mimicking overexpression of these sulfatases resulted in increased viability and proliferation, and augmented cell migration. These effects were reverted by shRNA-mediated knockdown of SULF1 or SULF2 and by the addition of unfractionated heparin. Detailed structural analysis of HS from cells overexpressing SULFs showed reduction in the trisulfated disaccharide UA(2S)-GlcNS(6S) and corresponding increase in UA(2S)-GlcNS disaccharide, as well as an unexpected rise in less common disaccharides containing GlcNAc(6S) residues. Moreover, cancer cells transfected with SULFs demonstrated increased Wnt signaling. In summary, SULF1 or SULF2 overexpression contributes to colorectal cancer cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. IMPLICATIONS This study reveals that sulfatases have oncogenic effects in colon cancer cells, suggesting an important role for these enzymes in cancer progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carolina M Vicente
- Disciplina de Biologia Molecular, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, UNIFESP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcelo A Lima
- Disciplina de Biologia Molecular, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, UNIFESP, São Paulo, Brazil. Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Edwin A Yates
- Disciplina de Biologia Molecular, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, UNIFESP, São Paulo, Brazil. Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Helena B Nader
- Disciplina de Biologia Molecular, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, UNIFESP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leny Toma
- Disciplina de Biologia Molecular, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, UNIFESP, São Paulo, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Molecular simulation of model sulfated polysaccharides of low molecular weight from Ganoderma lucidum and their interaction with human serum albumin. Struct Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s11224-014-0420-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
13
|
Paredes-Gamero EJ, Medeiros VP, Lima MA, Accardo CM, Farias EHC, Sassaki GI, Campana PT, Miranda A, Ferreira AT, Tersariol ILS, Nader HB. Chemical reduction of carboxyl groups in heparin abolishes its vasodilatory activity. J Cell Biochem 2012; 113:1359-67. [PMID: 22134887 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.24008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that heparin induces vascular relaxation via integrin-dependent nitric oxide (NO)-mediated activation of the muscarinic receptor. The aim of this study was to identify the structural features of heparin that are necessary for the induction of vasodilatation. To address this issue, we tested heparin from various sources for their vasodilatation activities in the rat aorta ring. Structural and chemical characteristics of heparin, such as its molecular weight and substitution pattern, did not show a direct correlation with the vasodilation activity. Principal component analysis (PCA) of circular dichroism (CD), (1)H-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and vasodilation activity measurements confirmed that there is no direct relationship between the physico-chemical nature and vasodilation activity of the tested heparin samples. To further understand these observations, unfractionated heparin (UFH) from bovine intestinal mucosa, which showed the highest relaxation effect, was chemically modified. Interestingly, non-specific O- and N-desulfation of heparin reduced its anticoagulant, antithrombotic, and antihemostatic activities, but had no effect on its ability to induce vasodilation. On the other hand, chemical reduction of the carboxyl groups abolished heparin-induced vasodilation and reduced the affinity of heparin toward the extracellular matrix (ECM). In addition, dextran and dextran sulfate (linear non-sulfated and highly sulfated polysaccharides, respectively) did not induce significant relaxation, showing that the vasodilation activity of polysaccharides is neither charge-dependent nor backbone unspecific. Our results suggest that desulfated heparin molecules may be used as vasoactive agents due to their low side effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edgar J Paredes-Gamero
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Três de Maio 100, 04044-020, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Bouças RI, Jarrouge-Bouças TR, Lima MA, Trindade ES, Moraes FA, Cavalheiro RP, Tersariol IL, Hoppenstead D, Fareed J, Nader HB. Glycosaminoglycan backbone is not required for the modulation of hemostasis: Effect of different heparin derivatives and non-glycosaminoglycan analogs. Matrix Biol 2012; 31:308-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2012.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2012] [Revised: 03/10/2012] [Accepted: 03/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
15
|
Rudd TR, Yates EA. A highly efficient tree structure for the biosynthesis of heparan sulfate accounts for the commonly observed disaccharides and suggests a mechanism for domain synthesis. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2012; 8:1499-506. [PMID: 22370609 DOI: 10.1039/c2mb25019e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The form of the biosynthetic pathway of the biologically and medically important polysaccharides heparan sulfate (HS) and the closely related heparin remain obscure despite significant progress characterising the biosynthetic machinery. Considering possible biosynthetic schemes using a graph approach and applying known constraints of enzyme order and specificity, a previously unreported system with a highly efficient tree structure emerged with two features: (1) All commonly occurring HS disaccharides could be synthesised through a common route, the major branch. (2) The least common disaccharides also occurred on a separate common branch, termed here the minor branch. This suggested that the relative abundance of these two sets of structures were the result of the specificity of a single enzyme (HS epimerase) acting at an early point in the scheme, to convert GlcA-GlcNS to IdoA-GlcNS in preference to converting GlcA-GlcNAc to IdoA-GlcNAc. A third key finding was that the common substrates for 3-O-sulfation all lie on the same (major) branch. The proposed scheme is consistent with a wide body of experiments comprising both biochemical data and results from HS biosynthetic enzyme knockout experiments in the literature. The major branch also contains a bifurcation, providing a choice of two distinct backbone geometries with the same charge. Further development of this novel biosynthetic scheme, in which frame shifts in the site of action of the enzymes were permitted to occur, while maintaining their order of action, suggested a mechanism by which domains could be generated, or further modification blocked. The relationship between the proposed pathway and the geometric and charge possibilities it allows were also explored.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy R Rudd
- Istituto di Ricerche Chimiche e Biochimiche "G. Ronzoni", Via Giuseppe Colombo, 81 Milano 20133, Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Uniewicz KA, Ori A, Rudd TR, Guerrini M, Wilkinson MC, Fernig DG, Yates EA. Following protein-glycosaminoglycan polysaccharide interactions with differential scanning fluorimetry. Methods Mol Biol 2012; 836:171-182. [PMID: 22252635 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-61779-498-8_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Studies of the structural changes invoked in proteins by the binding of the glycosaminoglycan (GAG) polysaccharide portion of proteoglycans are of increasing importance to research in a wide range of fields, from biochemistry and molecular biology to biotechnology and medicine. One important aspect is the degree of stabilisation or destabilisation induced in a protein by the binding of these anionic materials, and this can affect enzyme activity, the stability of complexes, folding and the formation of aggregates, including those in neurodegenerative processes. A simple method, able to determine the effect of interactions with GAG polysaccharides on protein stability is described, based on the propensity of a fluorescent dye-Sypro™ Orange-to present differentiable fluorescence emission spectra following contact with exposed core amino acid residues. The method requires only commonly available and inexpensive equipment and is suitable for a multi-well format, allowing multiple readings to be made simultaneously.
Collapse
|
17
|
Kayitmazer AB, Quinn B, Kimura K, Ryan GL, Tate AJ, Pink DA, Dubin PL. Protein Specificity of Charged Sequences in Polyanions and Heparins. Biomacromolecules 2010; 11:3325-31. [DOI: 10.1021/bm1008074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Basak Kayitmazer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst 01003, United States, Physics Department, St. Francis Xavier University, Antigonish, Nova Scotia, B2G 2W5, Canada, and Department of Chemistry, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis 46202, United States
| | - Bonnie Quinn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst 01003, United States, Physics Department, St. Francis Xavier University, Antigonish, Nova Scotia, B2G 2W5, Canada, and Department of Chemistry, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis 46202, United States
| | - Kozue Kimura
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst 01003, United States, Physics Department, St. Francis Xavier University, Antigonish, Nova Scotia, B2G 2W5, Canada, and Department of Chemistry, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis 46202, United States
| | - Gillian L. Ryan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst 01003, United States, Physics Department, St. Francis Xavier University, Antigonish, Nova Scotia, B2G 2W5, Canada, and Department of Chemistry, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis 46202, United States
| | - Angela J. Tate
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst 01003, United States, Physics Department, St. Francis Xavier University, Antigonish, Nova Scotia, B2G 2W5, Canada, and Department of Chemistry, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis 46202, United States
| | - David A. Pink
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst 01003, United States, Physics Department, St. Francis Xavier University, Antigonish, Nova Scotia, B2G 2W5, Canada, and Department of Chemistry, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis 46202, United States
| | - Paul L. Dubin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst 01003, United States, Physics Department, St. Francis Xavier University, Antigonish, Nova Scotia, B2G 2W5, Canada, and Department of Chemistry, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis 46202, United States
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Rudd TR, Skidmore MA, Guerrini M, Hricovini M, Powell AK, Siligardi G, Yates EA. The conformation and structure of GAGs: recent progress and perspectives. Curr Opin Struct Biol 2010; 20:567-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sbi.2010.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2010] [Revised: 07/23/2010] [Accepted: 08/11/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
19
|
Rudd TR, Uniewicz KA, Ori A, Guimond SE, Skidmore MA, Gaudesi D, Xu R, Turnbull JE, Guerrini M, Torri G, Siligardi G, Wilkinson MC, Fernig DG, Yates EA. Comparable stabilisation, structural changes and activities can be induced in FGF by a variety of HS and non-GAG analogues: implications for sequence-activity relationships. Org Biomol Chem 2010; 8:5390-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c0ob00246a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
|