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Sun YL, Huang WJ, Lee SH. Formations of C6H from reactions C3 + C3H2 and C3H + C3H and of C8H from reactions C4 + C4H2 and C4H + C4H. J Chem Phys 2024; 160:044303. [PMID: 38258925 DOI: 10.1063/5.0184683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
We interrogated C6H and C8H produced separately from the reactions C3 + C3H2/C3H + C3H/C3H2 + C3 → C6H + H and C4 + C4H2/C4H + C4H/C4H2 + C4 → C8H + H using product translational and photoionization spectroscopy. Individual contributions of the three reactions to the product C6H or C8H were evaluated with reactant concentrations. Translational-energy distributions, angular distributions, and photoionization efficiency curves of products C6H and C8H were unraveled. The product C6H (C8H) was recognized as the most stable linear isomer by comparing its photoionization efficiency curve with that of l-C6H (l-C8H), produced exclusively from the reaction C2 + C4H2 → l-C6H + H (C2 + C6H2 → l-C8H + H). The ionization threshold after deconvolution was determined to be 9.3 ± 0.1 eV for l-C6H and 8.9 ± 0.1 eV for l-C8H, which is in good agreement with theoretical values. Quantum-chemical calculations indicate that the reactions of C3 + C3H2 and C3H + C3H (C4 + C4H2 and C4H + C4H) incur no energy barriers that lie above the corresponding reactant and the most stable product l-C6H (l-C8H) with H on the lower-lying potential-energy surfaces. The theoretical calculation is in accord with the experimental observation. This work implies that the reactions of C3 + C3H2/C3H + C3H and C4 + C4H2/C4H + C4H need to be taken into account for the formation of interstellar C6H and C8H, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Lun Sun
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center (NSRRC), 101 Hsin-Ann Road, Hsinchu Science Park, Hsinchu 300092, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Jian Huang
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center (NSRRC), 101 Hsin-Ann Road, Hsinchu Science Park, Hsinchu 300092, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Huang Lee
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center (NSRRC), 101 Hsin-Ann Road, Hsinchu Science Park, Hsinchu 300092, Taiwan
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2
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Millar TJ. Concluding remarks: Faraday Discussion on astrochemistry at high resolution. Faraday Discuss 2023; 245:638-650. [PMID: 37482967 DOI: 10.1039/d3fd00131h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Fifty years on from the first detailed chemical kinetic modelling of astronomical sources, I provide some introductory comments on the history of astrochemistry, summarise some personal views on the topics covered in this discussion meeting, and conclude with some thoughts on its future development. I have left out the jokes.
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Affiliation(s)
- T J Millar
- Astrophysics Research Centre, Queen's University Belfast, University Road, Belfast BT7 1NN, UK.
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3
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Blázquez S, González D, Neeman EM, Ballesteros B, Agúndez M, Canosa A, Albaladejo J, Cernicharo J, Jiménez E. Gas-phase kinetics of CH 3CHO with OH radicals between 11.7 and 177.5 K. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:20562-20572. [PMID: 32966434 PMCID: PMC7116299 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp03203d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Gas-phase reactions in the interstellar medium (ISM) are a source of molecules in this environment. The knowledge of the rate coefficient for neutral-neutral reactions as a function of temperature, k(T), is essential to improve astrochemical models. In this work, we have experimentally measured k(T) for the reaction between the OH radical and acetaldehyde, both present in many sources of the ISM. Laser techniques coupled to a CRESU system were used to perform the kinetic measurements. The obtained modified Arrhenius equation is k(T = 11.7-177.5 K) = (1.2 ± 0.2) × 10-11 (T/300 K)-(1.8±0.1) exp-{(28.7 ± 2.5)/T} cm3 molecule-1 s-1. The k(T) value of the title reaction has been measured for the first time below 60 K. No pressure dependence of k(T) was observed at ca. 21, 50, 64 and 106 K. Finally, a pure gas-phase model indicates that the title reaction could become the main CH3CO formation pathway in dark molecular clouds, assuming that CH3CO is the main reaction product at 10 K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Blázquez
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Avda. Camilo José Cela 1B, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain.
| | - Daniel González
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Avda. Camilo José Cela 1B, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain.
| | - Elias M Neeman
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Avda. Camilo José Cela 1B, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain.
| | - Bernabé Ballesteros
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Avda. Camilo José Cela 1B, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain. and Instituto de Investigación en Combustión y Contaminación Atmosférica (ICCA), Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Camino de Moledores s/n, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Marcelino Agúndez
- Molecular Astrophysics Group, Instituto de Física Fundamental (IFF-CSIC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, C/Serrano 123, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - André Canosa
- CNRS, IPR (Institut de Physique de Rennes)-UMR 6251, Université de Rennes, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - José Albaladejo
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Avda. Camilo José Cela 1B, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain. and Instituto de Investigación en Combustión y Contaminación Atmosférica (ICCA), Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Camino de Moledores s/n, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - José Cernicharo
- Molecular Astrophysics Group, Instituto de Física Fundamental (IFF-CSIC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, C/Serrano 123, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Jiménez
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Avda. Camilo José Cela 1B, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain. and Instituto de Investigación en Combustión y Contaminación Atmosférica (ICCA), Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Camino de Moledores s/n, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain
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4
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Santoro G, Martínez L, Lauwaet K, Accolla M, Tajuelo-Castilla G, Merino P, Sobrado JM, Peláez RJ, Herrero VJ, Tanarro I, Mayoral ÁL, Agúndez M, Sabbah H, Joblin C, Cernicharo J, Martín-Gago JÁ. The Chemistry of Cosmic Dust Analogues from C, C 2, and C 2H 2 in C-Rich Circumstellar Envelopes. THE ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL 2020; 895:97. [PMID: 33154601 PMCID: PMC7116318 DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ab9086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Interstellar carbonaceous dust is mainly formed in the innermost regions of circumstellar envelopes around carbon-rich asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars. In these highly chemically stratified regions, atomic and diatomic carbon, along with acetylene are the most abundant species after H2 and CO. In a previous study, we addressed the chemistry of carbon (C and C2) with H2 showing that acetylene and aliphatic species form efficiently in the dust formation region of carbon-rich AGBs whereas aromatics do not. Still, acetylene is known to be a key ingredient in the formation of linear polyacetylenic chains, benzene and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), as shown by previous experiments. However, these experiments have not considered the chemistry of carbon (C and C2) with C2H2. In this work, by employing a sufficient amount of acetylene, we investigate its gas-phase interaction with atomic and diatomic carbon. We show that the chemistry involved produces linear polyacetylenic chains, benzene and other PAHs, which are observed with high abundances in the early evolutionary phase of planetary nebulae. More importantly, we have found a non-negligible amount of pure and hydrogenated carbon clusters as well as aromatics with aliphatic substitutions, both being a direct consequence of the addition of atomic carbon. The incorporation of alkyl substituents into aromatics can be rationalized by a mechanism involving hydrogen abstraction followed by methyl addition. All the species detected in gas phase are incorporated into the nanometric sized dust analogues, which consist of a complex mixture of sp, sp2 and sp3 hydrocarbons with amorphous morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo Santoro
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM. CSIC). Materials Science Factory. Structure of Nanoscopic Systems Group. c/ Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3, 28049 Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lidia Martínez
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM. CSIC). Materials Science Factory. Structure of Nanoscopic Systems Group. c/ Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3, 28049 Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain
| | - Koen Lauwaet
- IMDEA Nanociencia. Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco, 28049 Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mario Accolla
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM. CSIC). Materials Science Factory. Structure of Nanoscopic Systems Group. c/ Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3, 28049 Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain
| | - Guillermo Tajuelo-Castilla
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM. CSIC). Materials Science Factory. Structure of Nanoscopic Systems Group. c/ Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3, 28049 Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo Merino
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM. CSIC). Materials Science Factory. Structure of Nanoscopic Systems Group. c/ Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3, 28049 Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Física Fundamental (IFF. CSIC). Group of Molecular Astrophysics. c/ Serrano 123, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús M. Sobrado
- Centro de Astrobiología (CAB. INTA-CSIC). Crta- de Torrejón a Ajalvir km4, 28850, Torrejón de Ardoz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ramón J. Peláez
- Instituto de Estructura de la Materia (IEM.CSIC). Molecular Physics Department. c/Serrano 123, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Víctor J. Herrero
- Instituto de Estructura de la Materia (IEM.CSIC). Molecular Physics Department. c/Serrano 123, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Tanarro
- Instituto de Estructura de la Materia (IEM.CSIC). Molecular Physics Department. c/Serrano 123, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Á lvaro Mayoral
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Pudong, Shanghai, 201210, Peoples Republic of China
| | - Marcelino Agúndez
- Instituto de Física Fundamental (IFF. CSIC). Group of Molecular Astrophysics. c/ Serrano 123, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Hassan Sabbah
- IRAP, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, CNES. 9 Av. du Colonel Roche, 31028 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - Christine Joblin
- IRAP, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, CNES. 9 Av. du Colonel Roche, 31028 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - José Cernicharo
- Instituto de Física Fundamental (IFF. CSIC). Group of Molecular Astrophysics. c/ Serrano 123, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - José Ángel Martín-Gago
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM. CSIC). Materials Science Factory. Structure of Nanoscopic Systems Group. c/ Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3, 28049 Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain
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5
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A theoretical study of the reaction mechanism and rate constant of C4H (
$$ {{\tilde{\text{X}}}}^{2} {\varSigma^{ + }} $$
X
~
2
Σ
+
) + C2H6. Theor Chem Acc 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s00214-018-2276-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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6
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Sun YL, Huang WJ, Lee SH. Formation of C 9H 2 and C 10H 2 from Reactions C 3H + C 6H 2 and C 4H + C 6H 2. J Phys Chem A 2017; 121:9687-9697. [PMID: 29232517 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b08902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The reactions of C3H and C4H radicals with C6H2 were investigated for the first time. Reactants C3H, C4H, and C6H2 were synthesized in two beams of C2H2 diluted with helium by pulsed high-voltage discharge. We measured translational-energy distributions, angular distributions, and photoionization-efficiency spectra of C9H2 and C10H2 produced from the title reactions in a crossed molecular-beam apparatus using synchrotron vacuum-ultraviolet photoionization. The C3H (C4H) + C6H2 reaction releases 42% (33%) of available energy into the translational degrees of freedom of product C9H2 (C10H2) + H and scatters products into a nearly isotropic angular distribution. The photoionization-efficiency spectrum of C9H2 (C10H2) is in good agreement with that of C9H2 (C10H2) produced from the C7H (C8H) + C2H2 reaction. The ionization threshold, after deconvolution, was determined as 8.0 ± 0.1 eV for C9H2 and 8.8 ± 0.1 eV for C10H2. The combination of measurements of product translational-energy release and photoionization-efficiency spectra indicates productions of 3HC9H/c-1HC3(C)C5H/c-1HC7(C)CH + H and 1HC10H + H in the two title reactions, which are supported also by quantum-chemical calculations. Ratios branching to the three isomers of C9H2 remain unknown. This work demonstrates that long carbon-chain molecules (e.g., C9H2 and C10H2) can be synthesized from reactions of CmH (e.g., m = 3 and 4) radicals with polyynes (e.g., HC6H) and gives some valuable implications to planetary, interstellar, and combustion chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Lun Sun
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center (NSRRC) , 101 Hsin-Ann Road, Hsinchu Science Park, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Jian Huang
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center (NSRRC) , 101 Hsin-Ann Road, Hsinchu Science Park, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Huang Lee
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center (NSRRC) , 101 Hsin-Ann Road, Hsinchu Science Park, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan
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7
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Sun YL, Huang WJ, Lee SH. Formation of octatetrayne (HC 8 H) from the reaction of butadiynyl (C 4 H) with butadiyne (HC 4 H). Chem Phys Lett 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2017.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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8
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Potapov A, Canosa A, Jiménez E, Rowe B. Chemie mit Überschall: 30 Jahre astrochemische Forschung und künftige Herausforderungen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201611240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexey Potapov
- Laborastrophysikgruppe des Max-Planck-Instituts für Astronomie am Institut für Festkörperphysik; Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena; Helmholtzweg 3 07743 Jena Deutschland
| | - André Canosa
- Département de Physique Moléculaire; Institut de Physique de Rennes, UMR CNRS-UR1 6251, Université de Rennes 1, Campus de Beaulieu; 263 Avenue du Général Leclerc 35042 Rennes Cedex Frankreich
| | - Elena Jiménez
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas; Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha; Avda. Camilo José Cela, 1B 13071 Ciudad Real Spanien
| | - Bertrand Rowe
- Rowe-consulting, 22 Chemin des Moines; 22750 Saint Jacut de la Mer Frankreich
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9
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Potapov A, Canosa A, Jiménez E, Rowe B. Uniform Supersonic Chemical Reactors: 30 Years of Astrochemical History and Future Challenges. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:8618-8640. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201611240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Revised: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexey Potapov
- Laborastrophysikgruppe des Max-Planck-Instituts für Astronomie am Institut für Festkörperphysik; Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena; Helmholtzweg 3 07743 Jena Germany
| | - André Canosa
- Département de Physique Moléculaire; Institut de Physique de Rennes, UMR CNRS-UR1 6251, Université de Rennes 1, Campus de Beaulieu; 263 Avenue du Général Leclerc 35042 Rennes Cedex France
| | - Elena Jiménez
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas; Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha; Avda. Camilo José Cela, 1B 13071 Ciudad Real Spain
| | - Bertrand Rowe
- Rowe-consulting, 22 Chemin des Moines; 22750 Saint Jacut de la Mer France
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10
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Agúndez M, Cernicharo J, Quintana-Lacaci G, Castro-Carrizo A, Velilla Prieto L, Marcelino N, Guélin M, Joblin C, Martín-Gago JA, Gottlieb CA, Patel NA, McCarthy MC. The growth of carbon chains in IRC +10216 mapped with ALMA. ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS 2017; 601:A4. [PMID: 28469283 PMCID: PMC5405872 DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361/201630274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Linear carbon chains are common in various types of astronomical molecular sources. Possible formation mechanisms involve both bottom-up and top-down routes. We have carried out a combined observational and modeling study of the formation of carbon chains in the C-star envelope IRC +10216, where the polymerization of acetylene and hydrogen cyanide induced by ultraviolet photons can drive the formation of linear carbon chains of increasing length. We have used ALMA to map the emission of λ 3 mm rotational lines of the hydrocarbon radicals C2H, C4H, and C6H, and the CN-containing species CN, C3N, HC3N, and HC5N with an angular resolution of ~1″. The spatial distribution of all these species is a hollow, 5-10″ wide, spherical shell located at a radius of 10-20″ from the star, with no appreciable emission close to the star. Our observations resolve the broad shell of carbon chains into thinner sub-shells which are 1-2″ wide and not fully concentric, indicating that the mass loss process has been discontinuous and not fully isotropic. The radial distributions of the species mapped reveal subtle differences: while the hydrocarbon radicals have very similar radial distributions, the CN-containing species show more diverse distributions, with HC3N appearing earlier in the expansion and the radical CN extending later than the rest of the species. The observed morphology can be rationalized by a chemical model in which the growth of polyynes is mainly produced by rapid gas-phase chemical reactions of C2H and C4H radicals with unsaturated hydrocarbons, while cyanopolyynes are mainly formed from polyynes in gas-phase reactions with CN and C3N radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Agúndez
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, CSIC, C/ Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3, 28049 Cantoblanco, Spain
| | - J Cernicharo
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, CSIC, C/ Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3, 28049 Cantoblanco, Spain
| | - G Quintana-Lacaci
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, CSIC, C/ Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3, 28049 Cantoblanco, Spain
| | - A Castro-Carrizo
- Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique, 300 rue de la Piscine, 38406 St. Martin d'Héres, France
| | - L Velilla Prieto
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, CSIC, C/ Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3, 28049 Cantoblanco, Spain
| | - N Marcelino
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, CSIC, C/ Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3, 28049 Cantoblanco, Spain
| | - M Guélin
- Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique, 300 rue de la Piscine, 38406 St. Martin d'Héres, France
| | - C Joblin
- Université de Toulouse, UPS-OMS, IRAP, 31000 Toulouse, France
- CNRS, IRAP, 9 Av. Colonel Roche, BP 44346, 31028 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - J A Martín-Gago
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, CSIC, C/ Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3, 28049 Cantoblanco, Spain
| | - C A Gottlieb
- Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - N A Patel
- Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - M C McCarthy
- Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
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11
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Reaction mechanism of cyanoethynyl radical (C3N) with ethylene (C2H4) to form C5H3N and H: a theoretical investigation. Theor Chem Acc 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s00214-016-2040-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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12
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Sun YL, Huang WJ, Lee SH. Formation of C3H2, C5H2, C7H2, and C9H2 from reactions of CH, C3H, C5H, and C7H radicals with C2H2. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:2120-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp06072a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A three-dimensional velocity distribution contour of C2n+1H2 produced from the reaction of C2n−1H (n = 1–4) with C2H2 in crossed molecular beams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Lun Sun
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center (NSRRC)
- Hsinchu 30076
- Taiwan
| | - Wen-Jian Huang
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center (NSRRC)
- Hsinchu 30076
- Taiwan
| | - Shih-Huang Lee
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center (NSRRC)
- Hsinchu 30076
- Taiwan
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13
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Sun YL, Huang WJ, Lee SH. Formation of Polyynes C4H2, C6H2, C8H2, and C10H2 from Reactions of C2H, C4H, C6H, and C8H Radicals with C2H2. J Phys Chem Lett 2015; 6:4117-4122. [PMID: 26722787 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.5b01910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Some of the polyynes (HC2n+2H, 1 ≤ n ≤ 4) are observable in planetary atmospheres, interstellar space, and flames. Polyynes are proposed to play an important role in synthesis of large carbonaceous molecules. We explore the dynamics of reactions of C2nH (n = 1-4) radicals with C2H2 by interrogating time-of-flight spectra and photoionization efficiency spectra of products C2n+2H2. The reactions of n = 2-4 were investigated for the first time. The translational energy release is biased to low energy but extends to the energetic limit of product HC2n+2H + H, corresponding to a fraction of 0.34-0.36 on translational energy. Product C2n+2H2 has a deconvoluted ionization threshold in good agreement with the ionization energy of polyynes. The quantum chemical calculations support the experimental observations. This work verifies that the title reaction is an important source for formation of polyynes that have been observed in interstellar/circumstellar media and combustion processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Lun Sun
- Scientific Research Division, National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center , 101 Hsin-Ann Road, Hsinchu Science Park, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Jian Huang
- Scientific Research Division, National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center , 101 Hsin-Ann Road, Hsinchu Science Park, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Huang Lee
- Scientific Research Division, National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center , 101 Hsin-Ann Road, Hsinchu Science Park, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan
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14
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Huo R, Zhang X, Zhang C. Theoretical study on the reaction of C4H (X˜2Σ+) with CH3OH. Chem Phys Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2014.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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15
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ZHU WEIWEI, ZHANG SHAOWEN, DING YIHONG. OXIDATION MECHANISM OF THE BUTADIYNYL RADICAL, C4H: ANALOGUE OF C2H OR NOT? JOURNAL OF THEORETICAL & COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY 2013. [DOI: 10.1142/s0219633613400026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Reactions of the carbon-chain radicals are of great importance in the combustion and astrophysical processes. The kinetics of the butadiynyl radical, C 4 H , has received recent attention. While there has been sufficient knowledge concerning the oxidation of the ethynyl radical, C 2 H , oxidation of the higher even-numbered members C 2n H (n > 1) is hardly known. In this paper, to enrich the C 4 H -chemistry, we report the first study of the oxidation mechanism of C 4 H . At the CCSD(T)/aug-cc-pVTZ//B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p)+ZPVE level, the potential energy surface (PES) survey is presented covering various product channels P1( CO + HC 3 O ) (-152.7 kcal/mol), P2( C 3 H + CO 2) (-117.9), P3( HCO + C 3 O ) (-108.5), P4( HC 4 O +3 O ) (-45.2), and P5( OH + C 4 O ) (-33.2) accompanied by the master equation rate constant calculations. Despite the similarity in the PES, the kinetics of C 4 H +3 O 2 differs dramatically from that of the analogous C 2 H +3 O 2 reaction. For the C 4 H +3 O 2 reaction, the O -abstraction product P4( HC 4 O +3 O ) is almost the exclusive product, whereas the lowest C , O -exchange product P1( CO + HC 3 O ) and other products have little importance. By contrast, the C 2 H +3 O 2 reaction favors the C , O -exchange product HCO + CO . Being overall barrierless and mainly associated with the molecular → atomic oxygen conversion, the C 4 H +3 O 2 reaction should play an important role in the soot formation and interstellar chemistry where C 4 H is involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- WEI-WEI ZHU
- State Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, P. R. China
| | - SHAO-WEN ZHANG
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - YI-HONG DING
- State Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, P. R. China
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Blitz MA, Seakins PW. Laboratory studies of photochemistry and gas phase radical reaction kinetics relevant to planetary atmospheres. Chem Soc Rev 2012; 41:6318-47. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cs35204d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Liao RZ, Himo F. Theoretical Study of the Chemoselectivity of Tungsten-Dependent Acetylene Hydratase. ACS Catal 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/cs200242m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rong-Zhen Liao
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Fahmi Himo
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
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Jamal A, Mebel AM. Reactions of C2H with 1- and 2-Butynes: An Ab Initio/RRKM Study of the Reaction Mechanism and Product Branching Ratios. J Phys Chem A 2011; 115:2196-207. [DOI: 10.1021/jp111521j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adeel Jamal
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Florida, 33199, United States
| | - Alexander M. Mebel
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Florida, 33199, United States
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Landera A, Kaiser RI, Mebel AM. Addition of one and two units of C2H to styrene: A theoretical study of the C10H9 and C12H9 systems and implications toward growth of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons at low temperatures. J Chem Phys 2011; 134:024302. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3526957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Landera
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, Miami, Florida 33139, USA
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da Silva G, Trevitt AJ. Chemically activated reactions on the C7H5 energy surface: propargyl + diacetylene, i-C5H3 + acetylene, and n-C5H3 + acetylene. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2011; 13:8940-52. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cp20112c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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