1
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Yeganeh-Salman A, Yeung J, Miao L, Stephan DW. Coordination chemistry and FLP reactivity of 1,1- and 1,2-bis-boranes. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:1178-1189. [PMID: 38108120 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt03660j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Coordination chemistry and frustrated Lewis pair (FLP) chemistry have been most commonly studied using monodentate Lewis acids. In this paper, we examine the corresponding reactions employing the 1,1- and 1,2-bis-boranes, PhCH2CH(B(C6F5)2)21 and Me3SiCH(B(C6F5)2)CH2B(C6F5)22, respectively. Coordination of isocyanide to these species results in the formation of the products RCH(B(C6F5)2CNtBu)CH2(B(C6F5)2CNtBu) (R = Ph 3, Me3Si 4). The rearrangement of 1 to give the 1,2-bis-borane adduct 3 was probed and attributed to a donor-induced retrohydroboration and subsequent hydroboration. The analogous reaction of 1 is evident in efforts to use the Gutman-Beckett method to assess its Lewis acidity. However, in combination with tBu3P, bis-boranes 1 and 2 form FLPs and react with H2 to give [tBu3PH][PhCH2CH(B(C6F5)2)2(μ-H)] 5a and [tBu3PH][Me3SiCH(B(C6F5)2)CH2(B(C6F5)2)(μ-H)] 6, respectively. Reactions of 1 and 2 with various donors and PhCCH were shown to give deprotonation and addition products, depending on the nature of the base. However, in the case of 1, products resulting from retrohydroboration, and subsequent hydroboration are evident. Several of these alkyne products are crystallographically characterized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Yeganeh-Salman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George St, Toronto, ON, M5S3H6, Canada.
| | - Jason Yeung
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George St, Toronto, ON, M5S3H6, Canada.
| | - Linkun Miao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George St, Toronto, ON, M5S3H6, Canada.
| | - Douglas W Stephan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George St, Toronto, ON, M5S3H6, Canada.
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Zhejiang, P. R. China
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2
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Kim H, Qu ZW, Grimme S, Al-Zuhaika N, Stephan DW. Phosphino-Phosphination Reactions: Frustrated Lewis Pair Reactivity of Phosphino-Phosphonium Cations with Alkynes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202312587. [PMID: 37682527 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202312587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
The phosphino-phosphonium cations of the form [R3 PPR'2 ]+ are labile and provide access to the constituent Lewis acidic and Lewis basic fragments. This permits frustrated Lewis pair-type addition reactions to alkynes, affording unprecedented phosphino-phosphination reactions and giving cations of the form [cis-R3 PCHC(R'')PR'2 ]+ . This reactivity is further adapted to prepare several examples of a rare class of dissymmetric cis-olefin-linked bidentate phosphines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyehwang Kim
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Zheng-Wang Qu
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Clausius Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Beringstrasse 4, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Stefan Grimme
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Clausius Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Beringstrasse 4, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Nahil Al-Zuhaika
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Douglas W Stephan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3H6, Canada
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, Zhejiang, China
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3
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Zhao Y, Zhang L, Pu M, Lei M. A phosphine-free Mn(I)-NNS catalyst for asymmetric transfer hydrogenation of acetophenone: a theoretical prediction. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:14738-14744. [PMID: 34590102 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt02410h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The density functional theory (DFT) method was employed to investigate the reaction mechanism of the hydrogen activation and asymmetric transfer hydrogenation (ATH) of acetophenone catalyzed by a well-defined phosphine-free Mn(I)-NNS complex. The calculation results indicate that the Mn-NNS complex has potential high catalytic hydrogenation activity. Meanwhile, the hydrogen transfer step of this reaction is proposed to be a concerted but asynchronous process, and the hydride transfer precedes proton transfer. This work also pointed out that the stereoselectivity of ATH catalyzed by the Mn(I)-NNS complex mainly originates from the noncovalent interaction between the substrate and the catalyst. Additionally, the catalytic activities of Mn-NNS complexes with different X ligands (X = CO, Cl, H, OMe, NCMe, CCMe, and CHCHMe) were compared, and the calculated total reaction energy barriers were all viable, which indicates that these Mn-NNS complexes show higher CO bond hydrogenation activity under mild conditions. This theoretical study predicts that the reactions catalyzed by complexes with H and NCMe ligands exhibit high stereoselectivity with enantiomeric excess (ee) values of 97% and 93%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Institute of Computational Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Lin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Institute of Computational Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Min Pu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Institute of Computational Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Ming Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Institute of Computational Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China.
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4
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Mahaut D, Chardon A, Mineur L, Berionni G, Champagne B. Rational Development of a Metal-Free Bifunctional System for the C-H Activation of Methane: A Density Functional Theory Investigation. Chemphyschem 2021; 22:1958-1966. [PMID: 34309144 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202100527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The activation or heterolytic splitting of methane, a challenging substrate usually restricted to transition metals, has so far proven elusive in experimental frustrated Lewis pair (FLP) chemistry. In this article, we demonstrate, using density functional theory (DFT), that 1-aza-9-boratriptycene is a conceptually simple intramolecular FLP for the activation of methane. Systematic comparison with other FLP systems allows to gain insight into their reactivity with methane. The thermodynamics and kinetics of methane activation are interpreted by referring to the analysis of the natural charges and by employing the distortion-interaction/activation strain (DIAS) model. These showed that the nature of the Lewis base influences the selectivity over the reaction pathway, with N Lewis bases favoring the deprotonation mechanism and P bases the hydride abstraction one. The lower barrier of activation for 1-aza-9-boratriptycene and the higher products stability are due to a better interaction energy than its counterparts, itself due to electrostatic interactions with the methane moiety, favorable orbital overlaps allowed by the side-attack, and space proximity between the B and N atoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien Mahaut
- Department of Chemistry, Namur Institute of Structured Matter, University of Namur, Rue de Bruxelles 61, B-5000, Namur, Belgium
| | - Aurélien Chardon
- Department of Chemistry, Namur Institute of Structured Matter, University of Namur, Rue de Bruxelles 61, B-5000, Namur, Belgium
| | - Loïc Mineur
- Department of Chemistry, Namur Institute of Structured Matter, University of Namur, Rue de Bruxelles 61, B-5000, Namur, Belgium
| | - Guillaume Berionni
- Department of Chemistry, Namur Institute of Structured Matter, University of Namur, Rue de Bruxelles 61, B-5000, Namur, Belgium
| | - Benoît Champagne
- Department of Chemistry, Namur Institute of Structured Matter, University of Namur, Rue de Bruxelles 61, B-5000, Namur, Belgium
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5
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Anderson ME, Marks MB, Cundari TR. Bifunctional activation of methane by bioinspired transition metal complexes. A simple methane protease model. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2021.113180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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6
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Zhu L, Zhang L, Yang Z, Pu M, Lei M. A theoretical study of the hydroboration of α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds catalyzed by a metal-free complex and subsequent C–C coupling with acetonitrile. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj02218k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Herein, the density functional theory (DFT) method was employed to investigate the reaction mechanism of the selective hydroboration of α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds catalyzed by the metal-free complex 1,3,2-diazaphospholene (DAP).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering
- Institute of Computational Chemistry
- College of Chemistry
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing
| | - Lin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering
- Institute of Computational Chemistry
- College of Chemistry
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing
| | - Zuoyin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering
- Institute of Computational Chemistry
- College of Chemistry
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing
| | - Min Pu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering
- Institute of Computational Chemistry
- College of Chemistry
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing
| | - Ming Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering
- Institute of Computational Chemistry
- College of Chemistry
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing
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7
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Xiong W, Shi F, Cheng R, Zhu B, Wang L, Chen P, Lou H, Wu W, Qi C, Lei M, Jiang H. Palladium-Catalyzed Highly Regioselective Hydrocarboxylation of Alkynes with Carbon Dioxide. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c01687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenfang Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Fuxing Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Institute of Computational Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Ruixiang Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Baiyao Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Pengquan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Hongming Lou
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Wanqing Wu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Chaorong Qi
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Ming Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Institute of Computational Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Huanfeng Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
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8
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Rohman SS, Kashyap C, Ullah SS, Guha AK. Designing metal-free frustrated Lewis pairs for dihydrogen activation based on a carbene–borane system. Polyhedron 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2019.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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9
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Liu Z, Guo J, Lu Y, Hu W, Dang Y, Wang ZX. A strategy for developing metal-free hydrogenation catalysts: a DFT proof-of-principle study. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:7709-7714. [DOI: 10.1039/c8dt01619d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Using DFT computations, a metal-free strategy has been formulated to activate hydrogen reversibly and to construct hydrogenation catalysts, calling for experimental realizations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheyuan Liu
- School of Chemical Sciences
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100049
- China
- Department of Chemistry
| | - Jiandong Guo
- School of Chemical Sciences
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100049
- China
| | - Yu Lu
- School of Chemical Sciences
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100049
- China
| | - Wenping Hu
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Science
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300072
- China
| | - Yanfeng Dang
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Science
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300072
- China
| | - Zhi-Xiang Wang
- School of Chemical Sciences
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100049
- China
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10
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Skara G, De Vleeschouwer F, Geerlings P, De Proft F, Pinter B. Heterolytic Splitting of Molecular Hydrogen by Frustrated and Classical Lewis Pairs: A Unified Reactivity Concept. Sci Rep 2017; 7:16024. [PMID: 29167477 PMCID: PMC5700139 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-16244-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Using a set of state-of-the-art quantum chemical techniques we scrutinized the characteristically different reactivity of frustrated and classical Lewis pairs towards molecular hydrogen. The mechanisms and reaction profiles computed for the H2 splitting reaction of various Lewis pairs are in good agreement with the experimentally observed feasibility of H2 activation. More importantly, the analysis of activation parameters unambiguously revealed the existence of two reaction pathways through a low-energy and a high-energy transition state. An exhaustive scrutiny of these transition states, including their stability, geometry and electronic structure, reflects that the electronic rearrangement in low-energy transition states is fundamentally different from that of high-energy transition states. Our findings reveal that the widespread consensus mechanism of H2 splitting characterizes activation processes corresponding to high-energy transition states and, accordingly, is not operative for H2-activating systems. One of the criteria of H2-activation, actually, is the availability of a low-energy transition state that represents a different H2 splitting mechanism, in which the electrostatic field generated in the cavity of Lewis pair plays a critical role: to induce a strong polarization of H2 that facilities an efficient end-on acid-H2 interaction and to stabilize the charge separated "H+-H-" moiety in the transition state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Skara
- Quantum Chemistry Group, Member of the QCMM VUB-UGent Alliance Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Pleinlaan 2, B-1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Freija De Vleeschouwer
- Quantum Chemistry Group, Member of the QCMM VUB-UGent Alliance Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Pleinlaan 2, B-1050, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Paul Geerlings
- Quantum Chemistry Group, Member of the QCMM VUB-UGent Alliance Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Pleinlaan 2, B-1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Frank De Proft
- Quantum Chemistry Group, Member of the QCMM VUB-UGent Alliance Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Pleinlaan 2, B-1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Balazs Pinter
- Quantum Chemistry Group, Member of the QCMM VUB-UGent Alliance Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Pleinlaan 2, B-1050, Brussels, Belgium.
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11
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Villegas-Escobar N, Toro-Labbé A, Becerra M, Real-Enriquez M, Mora JR, Rincon L. A DFT study of hydrogen and methane activation by B(C6F5)3/P(t-Bu)3 and Al(C6F5)3/P(t-Bu)3 frustrated Lewis pairs. J Mol Model 2017; 23:234. [DOI: 10.1007/s00894-017-3404-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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12
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Zhao J, Liu X, Chen Z. Frustrated Lewis Pair Catalysts in Two Dimensions: B/Al-Doped Phosphorenes as Promising Catalysts for Hydrogenation of Small Unsaturated Molecules. ACS Catal 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.6b02727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jingxiang Zhao
- Key
Laboratory of Photonic and Electronic Bandgap Materials, Ministry
of Education, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, 150025, China
- Department
of Chemistry, Institute of Functional Nanomaterials, University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00931
| | - Xinying Liu
- Material
and Process Synthesis, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, University of South Africa, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Zhongfang Chen
- Department
of Chemistry, Institute of Functional Nanomaterials, University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00931
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13
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Wang C, Ren XR, Qi CZ, Yu HZ. Mechanistic Study on Gold-Catalyzed Highly Selective Hydroamination of Alkylidenecyclopropanes. J Org Chem 2016; 81:7326-35. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b00726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Wang
- Zhejiang
Key Laboratory of Alternative Technologies for Fine Chemicals Process, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing 312000, China
| | - Xiao-Rong Ren
- Zhejiang
Key Laboratory of Alternative Technologies for Fine Chemicals Process, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing 312000, China
| | - Chen-Ze Qi
- Zhejiang
Key Laboratory of Alternative Technologies for Fine Chemicals Process, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing 312000, China
| | - Hai-Zhu Yu
- Department
of Chemistry and Center for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
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14
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Zhang C, Lv X, Lu G, Wang ZX. Metal-free homolytic hydrogen activation: a quest through density functional theory computations. NEW J CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6nj00557h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
DFT computations reveal that heavier analogs of 1,3-butadiene could activate H2homolyticallyvia1,4-addition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenggen Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Langfang Teachers University
- Langfang 065000
- People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangying Lv
- School of Environment
- Henan Normal University
- Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control
- Ministry of Education
- Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control
| | - Gang Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry
- Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Fuzhou
- China
| | - Zhi-Xiang Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100049
- China
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15
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Ma G, Li ZH. Methane activation by metal-free Lewis acid centers only – a computational design and mechanism study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:11539-49. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp00505e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The design strategy and mechanism of methane activation by metal-free Lewis acidic silylboranes is investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gongli Ma
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Material
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis & Innovative Materials
- Department of Chemistry
- Fudan University
- Shanghai 200433
| | - Zhen Hua Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Material
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis & Innovative Materials
- Department of Chemistry
- Fudan University
- Shanghai 200433
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16
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Yang YM, Dang ZM, Yu HZ. Density functional theory investigation on Pd-catalyzed cross-coupling of azoles with aryl thioethers. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:4499-506. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ob00607h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The mechanism and the origin of chemoselectivity of Pd-catalyzed C–H/C–S activation have been studied by density functional theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Meng Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials
- Anhui University
- Hefei
- China
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
| | - Zhi-Min Dang
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- University of Science and Technology Beijing
- Beijing
- China
| | - Hai-Zhu Yu
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials
- Anhui University
- Hefei
- China
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17
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Yang S, Zhang C. Theoretical Investigation of Obtaining Compounds with Planar Tetracoordinate Carbons by Frustrated Lewis Pairs. J Phys Chem A 2015. [PMID: 26218898 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.5b06449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Ten derivatives of 2-borabicyclo[1.1.0]but-1(3)-ene (1a-1j) with different degrees of frustration have been investigated using density functional theory. Moreover, 1a-1j as Lewis bases were used to form Lewis adducts C3X2BYH/B(C6F5)3 (2a-2j) with Lewis acid B(C6F5)3. Optimized geometries and the thermodynamic properties of giving the Lewis adducts C3X2BYH/B(C6F5)3 reveal that 2a-2j are frustrated Lewis pairs (FLPs). Their reactivity of activating H2 and HF show that 2a-2j are unfavorable to heterolytically cleave H2, whereas 2c-2j can cleave HF to form [C3X2BYH](+)[FB(C6F5)3](-). In addition, we found the structures of [C3X2BYH](+) in [C3X2BYH](+)[FB(C6F5)3](-) contained a planar tetracoordinate carbon (ptC). Therefore, a new method of obtaining main group element compounds with ptC by using FLPs was presented.
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18
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Pu M, Privalov T. Chemistry of Intermolecular Frustrated Lewis Pairs in Motion: Emerging Perspectives and Prospects. Isr J Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.201400159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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19
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Jia YB, Wang YB, Ren WM, Xu T, Wang J, Lu XB. Mechanistic Aspects of Initiation and Deactivation in N-Heterocyclic Olefin Mediated Polymerization of Acrylates with Alane as Activator. Macromolecules 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ma500047d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yin-Bao Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Fine
Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Yan-Bo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine
Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Wei-Min Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Fine
Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Tieqi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine
Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine
Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Xiao-Bing Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine
Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
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20
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Lu G, Zhang P, Sun D, Wang L, Zhou K, Wang ZX, Guo GC. Gold catalyzed hydrogenations of small imines and nitriles: enhanced reactivity of Au surface toward H2via collaboration with a Lewis base. Chem Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3sc52851k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Au (111) surface can serve as a Lewis acid to couple with a Lewis base (e.g. imine or nitrile) to form the Au-coupled FLP (frustrated Lewis pair, left) which can cleave H2, further achieving hydrogenation of small imines and nitriles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Lu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry
- Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter
| | - Peng Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Dongqing Sun
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Lei Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Kebin Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Xiang Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing, P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering
- Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Guo-Cong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry
- Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Fuzhou, P. R. China
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21
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Devarajan D, Doubleday CE, Ess DH. Theory of divalent main group H2 activation: electronics and quasiclassical trajectories. Inorg Chem 2013; 52:8820-33. [PMID: 23837687 DOI: 10.1021/ic4010399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Density functional theory (DFT), absolutely localized molecular orbital (ALMO) analysis, and quasiclassical trajectories (QCTs) were used to study the structure, barrier heights, thermodynamics, electronic properties, and dynamics of dihydrogen (H2) activation by singlet divalent main group compounds (ER2; E = C, Si, Ge). ALMO energy and charge decomposition calculations reveal that in the transition state CR2 acts as an ambiphile toward H2 because of equal forward-bonding and back-bonding orbital stabilization while SiR2 and GeR2 act as nucleophiles with dominant orbital energy stabilization arising from ER2 to H2 donation. Frontier molecular orbital (FMO) energy gaps do not provide a reasonable estimate of energy stabilization gained between the ER2 and H2 in the transition state or an accurate description of the nucleophilic versus electrophilic character because of electron repulsion and orbital overlap influences that are neglected. In CR2 transition states, forward-bonding and back-bonding are maximized in the nonleast motion geometry. In contrast, SiR2/GeR2 transition states have side-on geometries to avoid electron-electron repulsion. Electron repulsion, rather than orbital interactions, also determines the relative barrier heights of CR2 versus SiR2/GeR2 reactions. Examination of barrier heights and reaction energies shows a clear kinetic-thermodynamic relationship for ER2 activation of H2. A computational survey of R groups on ER2 divalent atom centers was performed to explore the possibility for H2 activation to occur with a low barrier and thermodynamically reversible. QCTs show that dihydrogen approach and reaction with CR2 may involve geometries significantly different than the static transition-state structure. In contrast, trajectories for dihydrogen addition to SiR2 involve geometries close to the side-on approach suggested by the static transition-state structure. QCTs also demonstrate that addition of H2 to CR2 and SiR2 is dynamically concerted with the average time gap of bond formation between E-H bonds of approximately 11 and 21 fs, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepa Devarajan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, United States
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22
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Ponec R, Beran P. On the Mechanism of Dihydrogen Activation by Frustrated Lewis Pairs. Insights from the Analysis of Domain Averaged Fermi Holes and Generalized Population Analysis. J Phys Chem A 2013; 117:2656-63. [DOI: 10.1021/jp4017932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Ponec
- Institute
of Chemical Process
Fundamentals, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic v.v.i., Prague 6, Suchdol 2, 165 02 Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Beran
- Institute
of Chemical Process
Fundamentals, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic v.v.i., Prague 6, Suchdol 2, 165 02 Czech Republic
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague, Technická
5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
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23
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Rokob TA, Bakó I, Stirling A, Hamza A, Pápai I. Reactivity Models of Hydrogen Activation by Frustrated Lewis Pairs: Synergistic Electron Transfers or Polarization by Electric Field? J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:4425-37. [DOI: 10.1021/ja312387q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tibor András Rokob
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Flemingovo nám. 2, 16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic
- Institute of Organic Chemistry,
Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-1025 Budapest, Pusztaszeri út
59-67, Hungary
| | - Imre Bakó
- Institute of Organic Chemistry,
Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-1025 Budapest, Pusztaszeri út
59-67, Hungary
| | - András Stirling
- Institute of Organic Chemistry,
Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-1025 Budapest, Pusztaszeri út
59-67, Hungary
| | - Andrea Hamza
- Institute of Organic Chemistry,
Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-1025 Budapest, Pusztaszeri út
59-67, Hungary
| | - Imre Pápai
- Institute of Organic Chemistry,
Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-1025 Budapest, Pusztaszeri út
59-67, Hungary
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24
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Hydrogen Activation by Frustrated Lewis Pairs: Insights from Computational Studies. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2013; 332:157-211. [DOI: 10.1007/128_2012_399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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25
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Gilbert TM. Computational studies of lewis acidity and basicity in frustrated lewis pairs. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2012; 332:267-89. [PMID: 23097031 DOI: 10.1007/128_2012_378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Computational studies that characterize the effects of Lewis acidity/basicity on FLP formation and reactivity are reviewed. Formation of the FLP encounter complex "cage" depends on Lewis acidities and basicities of substituent "external" atoms, and their abilities to interact intramolecularly. Computations indicate that these interactions are worth 9-18 kcal mol⁻¹ for partly fluorinated FLPs such as (F5C6)3B···P(t-Bu)3, and less for less fluorinated species such as (H5C6)3B···P(t-Bu)3. Reactivity within the cage depends on the "classical" Lewis acidities/basicities of the internal atoms. Energetics here fall into the range of 5-50 kcal mol⁻¹; the larger the value, the greater the ability of the FLP to capture or split a substrate. In several cases the computationally predicted reaction barriers differ little with internal Lewis acidity/basicity, indicating that the rate-determining step involves the substrate entering the cage rather than attack by the Lewis acid/base atoms. In others, barriers vary sizably with Lewis acidity/basicity, indicating the opposite. In one case it was shown that these effects cancel, such that the three component barriers are identical for a range of substituted Lewis acid FLP components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas M Gilbert
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL 60115, USA.
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26
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Camaioni DM, Ginovska-Pangovska B, Schenter GK, Kathmann SM, Autrey T. Analysis of the Activation and Heterolytic Dissociation of H2 by Frustrated Lewis Pairs: NH3/BX3 (X = H, F, and Cl). J Phys Chem A 2012; 116:7228-37. [DOI: 10.1021/jp3039829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Donald M. Camaioni
- Chemical
and Materials Science Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle
Boulevard, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Bojana Ginovska-Pangovska
- Chemical
and Materials Science Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle
Boulevard, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Gregory K. Schenter
- Chemical
and Materials Science Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle
Boulevard, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Shawn M. Kathmann
- Chemical
and Materials Science Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle
Boulevard, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Tom Autrey
- Chemical
and Materials Science Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle
Boulevard, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
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27
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Bakó I, Stirling A, Bálint S, Pápai I. Association of frustrated phosphine–borane pairs in toluene: molecular dynamics simulations. Dalton Trans 2012; 41:9023-5. [DOI: 10.1039/c2dt30370a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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28
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Computational Design of Metal-Free Molecules for Activation of Small Molecules, Hydrogenation, and Hydroamination. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2012; 332:231-66. [DOI: 10.1007/128_2012_385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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29
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Kolychev EL, Theuergarten E, Tamm M. N-Heterocyclic Carbenes in FLP Chemistry. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2012; 334:121-55. [DOI: 10.1007/128_2012_379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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30
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Li H, Wen M, Lu G, Wang ZX. Catalytic metal-free intramolecular hydroaminations of non-activated aminoalkenes: A computational exploration. Dalton Trans 2012; 41:9091-100. [DOI: 10.1039/c2dt30329a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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31
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Zhao L, Lu G, Huang F, Wang ZX. A computational experiment to study hydrogenations of various unsaturated compounds catalyzed by a rationally designed metal-free catalyst. Dalton Trans 2012; 41:4674-84. [DOI: 10.1039/c2dt12152b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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32
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Li H, Wang X, Huang F, Lu G, Jiang J, Wang ZX. Computational Study on the Catalytic Role of Pincer Ruthenium(II)-PNN Complex in Directly Synthesizing Amide from Alcohol and Amine: The Origin of Selectivity of Amide over Ester and Imine. Organometallics 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/om200620n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haixia Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaotai Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Denver Campus, Denver, Colorado 80217-3364, United States
| | - Fang Huang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guang Lu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinliang Jiang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Xiang Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People’s Republic of China
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33
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Li H, Jiang J, Lu G, Huang F, Wang ZX. On the “Reverse Gear”Mechanism of the Reversible Dehydrogenation/Hydrogenation of a Nitrogen Heterocycle Catalyzed by a Cp*Ir Complex: A Computational Study. Organometallics 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/om200222j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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34
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Li H, Lu G, Jiang J, Huang F, Wang ZX. Computational Mechanistic Study on Cp*Ir Complex-Mediated Acceptorless Alcohol Dehydrogenation: Bifunctional Hydrogen Transfer vs β-H Elimination. Organometallics 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/om200089m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haixia Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Lu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinliang Jiang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Huang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Xiang Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
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35
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Chen XY, Wen MW, Ye S, Wang ZX. Unusual formal [4 + 2] cycloaddition of ethyl allenoate with arylidenoxindoles: synthesis of dihydropyran-fused indoles. Org Lett 2011; 13:1138-41. [PMID: 21302968 DOI: 10.1021/ol103165y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
An unusual DABCO-catalyzed formal [4 + 2] cycloaddition of ethyl allenoate, as a surrogate of a "1,2-dipole", with various arylidenoxindoles has been developed for the synthesis of dihydropyran-fused indoles. The DFT mechanistic study indicates that the cycloaddition takes place stepwise and the essential role of the catalyst is to raise the HOMO of allenoate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Yu Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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36
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Lu G, Li H, Zhao L, Huang F, Schleyer PVR, Wang ZX. Designing Metal-Free Catalysts by Mimicking Transition-Metal Pincer Templates. Chemistry 2011; 17:2038-43. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201002631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2010] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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37
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Zhao L, Li H, Lu G, Huang F, Zhang C, Wang ZX. Metal-free catalysts for hydrogenation of both small and large imines: a computational experiment. Dalton Trans 2011; 40:1929-37. [DOI: 10.1039/c0dt01297a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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38
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Huang F, Lu G, Zhao L, Li H, Wang ZX. The catalytic role of N-heterocyclic carbene in a metal-free conversion of carbon dioxide into methanol: a computational mechanism study. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 132:12388-96. [PMID: 20707349 DOI: 10.1021/ja103531z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 221] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A density functional theory study at the M05-2X(IEFPCM, THF)/6-311+G**//M05-2X/6-31G* level has been conducted to gain insight into the catalytic mechanism of the first metal-free N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC)-catalyzed conversion of carbon dioxide into methanol. Among the various examined reaction pathways, we found that the most favorable leads to the experimentally detected intermediates, including formoxysilane (FOS), bis(silyl)acetal (BSA), silylmethoxide (SMO), and disiloxane (DSO). However, our study also revealed that formaldehyde (CH(2)O), generated from the dissociation of BSA into DSO and CH(2)O via a mechanism somewhat similar to the Brook rearrangement, should be an inevitable intermediate, although it was not reported by the experimentalists. When NHC catalyzes the reactions of CO(2)/FOS/CH(2)O with silane, there are two activation modes. It was found that NHC prefers to activate Si-H bonds of silane and push electron density to the H atoms of the Si-H bonds in favor of transferring a hydridic atom of silane to the electrophilic C center of CO(2)/FOS/CH(2)O. This holds true in particular for the NHC-catalyzed reactions of silane with FOS/CH(2)O to produce BSA/SMO. The preferred activation mode can operate by first passing an energetically unfavorable NHC-silane local minimum via pi-pi interactions or by directly crossing a transition state involving three components simultaneously. The activation mode involving initial coordination of NHC with the electrophilic C atom of CO(2)/FOS/CH(2)O is less favorable or inoperable. The predicted catalytic mechanism provides a successful interpretation of the experimental observation that phenylsilane is more efficient than diphenylsilane in performing the conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Huang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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