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Liu SJ, Zhao Q, Liu XC, Gamble AB, Huang W, Yang QQ, Han B. Bioactive atropisomers: Unraveling design strategies and synthetic routes for drug discovery. Med Res Rev 2024. [PMID: 38515232 DOI: 10.1002/med.22037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Atropisomerism, an expression of axial chirality caused by limited bond rotation, is a prominent aspect within the field of medicinal chemistry. It has been shown that atropisomers of a wide range of compounds, including established FDA-approved drugs and experimental molecules, display markedly different biological activities. The time-dependent reversal of chirality in atropisomers poses complexity and obstacles in the process of drug discovery and development. Nonetheless, recent progress in understanding atropisomerism and enhanced characterization methods have greatly assisted medicinal chemists in the effective development of atropisomeric drug molecules. This article provides a comprehensive review of their special design thoughts, synthetic routes, and biological activities, serving as a reference for the synthesis and biological evaluation of bioactive atropisomers in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai-Jiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- School of Pharmacy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Qian Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiao-Chen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Allan B Gamble
- School of Pharmacy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Wei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Qian-Qian Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Bo Han
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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2
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Patel S, Sandha K, Waingankar A, Jain P, Abhyankar A. Atropisomerism transforming anti-cancer drug discovery. Chem Biol Drug Des 2023; 101:138-157. [PMID: 36254625 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.14155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Atropisomerism is a stereochemical phenomenon that describes how groups are arranged in space as a result of their impeded rotation around a single bond. It is one of the frequently underappreciated conformational kinds of chirality. A significant role for atropisomers in drug discovery and development has been established via substantial study on the characteristics of molecules exhibiting this form of chirality. According to studies on the target selectivity of anti-cancer drugs, it was identified that atropisomers of specific compounds could be examined to modulate the selectivity of promiscuous inhibitors, which are a key target in cancer therapy. Conversely, it was discovered that these deliberate rigidifications of possible molecules along an axis of chirality gave an abundant possibility of acquiring more tailored anti-cancer action. Atropisomerism plays a significant role in altering pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties and thereby the success of any proposed drug candidate. It is thus necessary to anticipate the impact of stereogenic centres in such compounds on cancer drug development. Hence, herein we review atropisomeric anti-cancer moieties which have been investigated based on their target proteins, origin and isomerism. The insights offered herein would be extremely useful in anti-cancer drug design, pave way for new avenues to development promising potent agents to combat this life-threatening disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simran Patel
- SVKM's Dr Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Mumbai, India
| | - Khushi Sandha
- SVKM's Dr Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Mumbai, India
| | | | - Prachi Jain
- SVKM's Dr Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Mumbai, India
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3
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Zhang C, Gao Y, Wang H, Zhou B, Ye S. Enantioselective Synthesis of Axially Chiral Benzothiophene/Benzofuran‐Fused Biaryls by N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Catalyzed Arene Formation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202103415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chun‐Lin Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Yuan‐Yuan Gao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Hai‐Ying Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Bang‐An Zhou
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Song Ye
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
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4
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Zhang CL, Gao YY, Wang HY, Zhou BA, Ye S. Enantioselective Synthesis of Axially Chiral Benzothiophene/Benzofuran-Fused Biaryls by N-Heterocyclic Carbene Catalyzed Arene Formation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:13918-13922. [PMID: 33851519 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202103415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Axially chiral biaryl scaffolds are prevalent in natural products, chiral ligands, and organocatalysts. However, N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) catalyzed de novo construction of an aromatic ring with concomitant axial chirality induction for the synthesis of biaryl atropisomers is far less developed, and the efficient synthesis of axially chiral tetra-ortho-substituted biaryls remains an unsolved problem under NHC catalysis. Reported here is an NHC-catalyzed de novo synthesis of axially chiral benzothiophene/benzofuran-fused biaryls from enals and 2-benzyl-benzothiophene/benzofuran-3-carbaldehydes through a [2+4] annulation, decarboxylation, and oxidative aromatization cascade with central-to-axial chirality conversion. The developed method provides efficient and general access to novel axially chiral benzothiophene/benzofuran-fused biaryls in high enantioselectivities and works well for the synthesis of tetra-ortho-substituted biaryls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Lin Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Gao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Hai-Ying Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Bang-An Zhou
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Song Ye
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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5
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Andrs M, Korabecny J, Jun D, Hodny Z, Bartek J, Kuca K. Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase (PI3K) and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-related kinase (PIKK) inhibitors: importance of the morpholine ring. J Med Chem 2014; 58:41-71. [PMID: 25387153 DOI: 10.1021/jm501026z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases (PI3Ks) and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-related protein kinases (PIKKs) are two related families of kinases that play key roles in regulation of cell proliferation, metabolism, migration, survival, and responses to diverse stresses including DNA damage. To design novel efficient strategies for treatment of cancer and other diseases, these kinases have been extensively studied. Despite their different nature, these two kinase families have related origin and share very similar kinase domains. Therefore, chemical inhibitors of these kinases usually carry analogous structural motifs. The most common feature of these inhibitors is a critical hydrogen bond to morpholine oxygen, initially present in the early nonspecific PI3K and PIKK inhibitor 3 (LY294002), which served as a valuable chemical tool for development of many additional PI3K and PIKK inhibitors. While several PI3K pathway inhibitors have recently shown promising clinical responses, inhibitors of the DNA damage-related PIKKs remain thus far largely in preclinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Andrs
- Biomedical Research Center, University Hospital Hradec Kralove , Sokolska 81, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
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6
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Berber H, Lameiras P, Denhez C, Antheaume C, Clayden J. Atropisomerism about Aryl–Csp3 Bonds: The Electronic and Steric Influence of ortho-Substituents on Conformational Exchange in Cannabidiol and Linderatin Derivatives. J Org Chem 2014; 79:6015-27. [DOI: 10.1021/jo5006069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hatice Berber
- ICMR, CNRS UMR
7312, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, 51 rue Cognacq-Jay, F-51096 Reims Cedex, France
| | - Pedro Lameiras
- ICMR, CNRS UMR
7312, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Moulin de la Housse, Bâtiment
18, BP 1039, F-51687 Reims Cedex 2, France
| | - Clément Denhez
- ICMR, CNRS UMR
7312, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, 51 rue Cognacq-Jay, F-51096 Reims Cedex, France
- Multiscale
Molecular Modeling Platform, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, UFR Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, F-51687 Reims Cedex
2, France
| | - Cyril Antheaume
- Faculté de
Pharmacie, Service Commun d’Analyse, 74 route du Rhin, BP 60024, F-67401 Illkirch Cedex, France
| | - Jonathan Clayden
- School
of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
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7
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Zask A, Murphy J, Ellestad GA. Biological Stereoselectivity of Atropisomeric Natural Products and Drugs. Chirality 2013; 25:265-74. [DOI: 10.1002/chir.22145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2012] [Accepted: 10/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arie Zask
- Department of Chemistry; Columbia University; New York New York 10027
| | - John Murphy
- Department of Chemistry; Columbia University; New York New York 10027
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8
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Detection and repair of ionizing radiation-induced DNA double strand breaks: new developments in nonhomologous end joining. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2013; 86:440-9. [PMID: 23433795 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2013.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2012] [Accepted: 01/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
DNA damage can occur as a result of endogenous metabolic reactions and replication stress or from exogenous sources such as radiation therapy and chemotherapy. DNA double strand breaks are the most cytotoxic form of DNA damage, and defects in their repair can result in genome instability, a hallmark of cancer. The major pathway for the repair of ionizing radiation-induced DSBs in human cells is nonhomologous end joining. Here we review recent advances on the mechanism of nonhomologous end joining, as well as new findings on its component proteins and regulation.
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Clapham KM, Rennison T, Jones G, Craven F, Bardos J, Golding BT, Griffin RJ, Haggerty K, Hardcastle IR, Thommes P, Ting A, Cano C. Potent enantioselective inhibition of DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK) by atropisomeric chromenone derivatives. Org Biomol Chem 2012; 10:6747-57. [PMID: 22814419 DOI: 10.1039/c2ob26035b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Substitution at the 7-position of the chromen-4-one pharmacophore of 8-(dibenzo[b,d]thiophen-4-yl)-2-morpholino-4H-chromen-4-one NU7441, a potent and selective DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK) inhibitor, with allyl, n-propyl or methyl enabled the resolution by chiral HPLC of atropisomers. Biological evaluation against DNA-PK of each pair of atropisomers showed a marked difference in potency, with biological activity residing exclusively in the laevorotatory enantiomer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate M Clapham
- Newcastle Cancer Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, School of Chemistry, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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10
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Laplante SR, D Fader L, Fandrick KR, Fandrick DR, Hucke O, Kemper R, Miller SPF, Edwards PJ. Assessing atropisomer axial chirality in drug discovery and development. J Med Chem 2011; 54:7005-22. [PMID: 21848318 DOI: 10.1021/jm200584g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 476] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Steven R Laplante
- Department of Chemistry, Boehringer Ingelheim (Canada) Ltd., 2100 Cunard Street, Laval, Quebec, H7S 2G5, Canada.
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11
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Rodriguez-Aristegui S, Clapham KM, Barrett L, Cano C, Desage-El Murr M, Griffin RJ, Hardcastle IR, Payne SL, Rennison T, Richardson C, Golding BT. Versatile synthesis of functionalised dibenzothiophenes via Suzuki coupling and microwave-assisted ring closure. Org Biomol Chem 2011; 9:6066-74. [DOI: 10.1039/c1ob05282a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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12
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Clapham KM, Bardos J, Finlay MRV, Golding BT, Griffen EJ, Griffin RJ, Hardcastle IR, Menear KA, Ting A, Turner P, Young GL, Cano C. DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK) inhibitors: structure-activity relationships for O-alkoxyphenylchromen-4-one probes of the ATP-binding domain. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2010; 21:966-70. [PMID: 21216595 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2010.12.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2010] [Revised: 12/07/2010] [Accepted: 12/08/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Introduction of an O-alkoxyphenyl substituent at the 8-position of the 2-morpholino-4H-chromen-4-one pharmacophore enabled regions of the ATP-binding site of DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK) to be probed further. Structure-activity relationships have been elucidated for inhibition of DNA-PK and PI3K (p110α), with N-(2-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-4-(2-morpholino-4-oxo-4H-chromen-8-yl)phenyl)-2-morpholinoacetamide 11a being identified as a potent and selective DNA-PK inhibitor (IC(50)=8 nM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate M Clapham
- Newcastle Cancer Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, School of Chemistry, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom
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13
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Lunazzi L, Mancinelli M, Mazzanti A, Pierini M. Stereomutation of Axially Chiral Aryl Coumarins. J Org Chem 2010; 75:5927-33. [DOI: 10.1021/jo101261k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lodovico Lunazzi
- Department of Organic Chemistry “A. Mangini”, University of Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 4, Bologna 40136, Italy
| | - Michele Mancinelli
- Department of Organic Chemistry “A. Mangini”, University of Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 4, Bologna 40136, Italy
| | - Andrea Mazzanti
- Department of Organic Chemistry “A. Mangini”, University of Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 4, Bologna 40136, Italy
| | - Marco Pierini
- Dipartimento di Studi di Chimica e Tecnologia delle Sostanze Biologicamente Attive, Università “La Sapienza”, Piazzale A. Moro, 5, Roma, Italy
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