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Kang HH, Lee DH. Improving the Durability and Performance of Sulfonated Poly(arylene ether)s by Introducing 9,10-Dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene 10-oxide Structure for Fuel Cell Application. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:35315-35324. [PMID: 34984263 PMCID: PMC8717375 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c04205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Polymer electrolyte membranes in which the hydrophilic and hydrophobic domains phase separate exhibit improved properties and stability. Such a phase separation of hydrophilic and hydrophobic domains can be achieved by polymerizing a 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene 10-oxide-bisphenol A (DOPO-BPA) and 1,4-bis(4-fluorobenzoyl)benzene (1,4-FBB) monomer. In this work, sulfonated polymer membranes with various degrees of sulfonation (DS) were prepared and their physicochemical and electrochemical properties were studied. In addition, the effect of molecular structure on the durability of the copolymers was investigated. The sulfonated copolymers were characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Then, sulfonated membranes were prepared using these copolymers by the solvent casting method, and their morphologies were investigated by atomic force microscopy. The effect of DS on the thermal, mechanical, and oxidative stabilities, water uptake behavior, and ion-exchange capacity of the membranes was determined. The results showed that compared with the commercially available Nafion 212 polymer electrolyte membrane, the electrolyte membrane based on DOPO-BPA and 1,4-FBB exhibited a lower water uptake and excellent dimensional stability despite having a relatively high ion-exchange capacity. The low water uptake is an important characteristic that ensures the stability of the polymer electrolyte membrane in fuel cell applications.
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Long Z, Miyake J, Miyatake K. Ladder-type sulfonated poly(arylene perfluoroalkylene)s for high performance proton exchange membrane fuel cells. RSC Adv 2020; 10:41058-41064. [PMID: 35519208 PMCID: PMC9057728 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra08630d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Sulfonated poly(arylene perfluoroalkylene)s containing a sulfone-bonded ladder structure (SPAF-P-Lad) were synthesized by treating the precursor SPAF-P polymers with oleum as a novel proton exchange membrane for fuel cells. SPAF-P-Lad membranes had excellent solubility in polar organic solvents and high molecular weight (M n = 145.4-162.9 kDa, M w = 356.9-399.1 kDa) to provide bendable membranes with ion exchange capacity (IEC) ranging from 1.76 to 2.01 meq. g-1. SPAF-P-Lad membranes possessed higher proton conductivity than that of the precursor SPAF-P membranes because of the stronger water affinity. Compared with SPAF-P membranes (T g: 72-90 °C, Young's modulus: 0.08-0.42 GPa; yield stress: 5.7-15.1 MPa), SPAF-P-Lad membranes showed better mechanical stability to humidity and temperature and improved tensile properties (Young's modulus: 0.51-0.59 GPa; yield stress: 23.9-29.6 MPa). The selected membrane, SPAF-mP-Lad, exhibited improved fuel cell performance, in particular, under low humidity with air; the current density at 0.5 V was 0.56 A cm-2, while that for SPAF-pP was 0.46 A cm-2. The SPAF-mP-Lad membrane endured an open circuit voltage hold test for 1000 h with average decay of as small as 70 μV h-1. A series of post-analyses including current-voltage characteristics, molecular structure, molecular weight, and IEC suggested very minor degradation of the membrane under the accelerated testing conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Long
- Clean Energy Research Center, University of Yamanashi 4 Takeda Kofu Yamanashi 400-8510 Japan
| | - Junpei Miyake
- Clean Energy Research Center, University of Yamanashi 4 Takeda Kofu Yamanashi 400-8510 Japan
| | - Kenji Miyatake
- Clean Energy Research Center, University of Yamanashi 4 Takeda Kofu Yamanashi 400-8510 Japan .,Fuel Cell Nanomaterials Center, University of Yamanashi 4-3 Takeda Kofu 400-8511 Japan.,Department of Applied Chemistry, Waseda University Tokyo 169-8555 Japan
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Bhushan M, Kumar S, Singh AK, Shahi VK. High-performance membrane for vanadium redox flow batteries: Cross-linked poly(ether ether ketone) grafted with sulfonic acid groups via the spacer. J Memb Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2019.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Lv Y, Li Z, Song M, Sun P, Yin X, Wang S. Preparation and properties of ZrPA doped CMPSU cross-linked PBI based high temperature and low humidity proton exchange membranes. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2019.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Ru C, Gu Y, Duan Y, Zhao C, Na H. Enhancement in proton conductivity and methanol resistance of Nafion membrane induced by blending sulfonated poly(arylene ether ketones) for direct methanol fuel cells. J Memb Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2018.12.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Sulfonated Poly(ether ether ketone) Ion-Exchange Membrane for Membrane Capacitive Deionization Applications. Macromol Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s13233-019-7043-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Kalathil A, Raghavan A, Kandasubramanian B. Polymer Fuel Cell Based on Polybenzimidazole Membrane: A Review. POLYM-PLAST TECH MAT 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/03602559.2018.1482919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ajmal Kalathil
- Department Of Polymer Engineering, University College of Engineering, Thodupuzha, India
| | - Ajith Raghavan
- Department Of Polymer Engineering, University College of Engineering, Thodupuzha, India
| | - Balasubramanian Kandasubramanian
- Structural Composite Fabrication Laboratory, Department of Metallurgical & Materials Engineering, Defence Institute of Advanced Technology (DU), Ministry of Defence, Girinagar, India
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Wang G, Guiver MD. Proton exchange membranes derived from sulfonated polybenzothiazoles containing naphthalene units. J Memb Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2017.07.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Lee EB, Kang N, Shin J, Lee YS. Synthesis of 4,4′-Diacryloylphenyl Ether to Conveniently Crosslink Sulfonated Poly(ether ether ketone) Membranes via Electron Beam Irradiation. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.10586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Byul Lee
- Department of Energy Storage and Conversion Engineering; Chonbuk National University; Jeonju 561-756 Republic of Korea
| | - Naeun Kang
- Division of Chemical Engineering; Nanomaterials Processing Research Center, Chonbuk National University; Jeonju 561-756 Republic of Korea
| | - Junhwa Shin
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute; Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute; Jeongup-si Republic of Korea
| | - Youn-Sik Lee
- Department of Energy Storage and Conversion Engineering; Chonbuk National University; Jeonju 561-756 Republic of Korea
- Division of Chemical Engineering; Nanomaterials Processing Research Center, Chonbuk National University; Jeonju 561-756 Republic of Korea
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Wang G, Lee KH, Lee WH, Kang NR, Shin DW, Zhuang Y, Lee YM, Guiver MD. Soluble sulfonated polybenzothiazoles containing naphthalene for use as proton exchange membranes. J Memb Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2015.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Guo X, Li W, Fang J, Yin Y. Synthesis and properties of novel multiblock copolyimides consisting of benzimidazole-groups-containing sulfonated polyimide hydrophilic blocks and non-sulfonated polyimide hydrophobic blocks as proton exchange membranes. Electrochim Acta 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2015.03.194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Lee EB, Meng QB, Shin J, Lee YS. Preparation and characterization of crosslinked sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) membranes using 4-vinylbenzyl chloride via electron beam irradiation and subsequent Friedel-Craft reaction. Macromol Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s13233-014-2159-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Xu J, Cheng H, Ma L, Han H, Huang Y, Wang Z. Preparation and behavior of “molecular compound” through covalent crosslinking between amino and sulfonic groups in single copolymers. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-014-0423-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Han S, Zhang MS, Shin J, Lee YS. 1,6-Bis(4-vinylphenyl)hexane as a crosslinking agent for the preparation of crosslinked sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) membranes by EB irradiation. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2013.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Han S, Zhang MS, Shin J, Lee YS. A convenient crosslinking method for sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) membranes via friedel-crafts reaction using 1,6-dibromohexane and aluminum trichloride. J Appl Polym Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/app.40695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sanghee Han
- Department of Energy Storage and Conversion Engineering; Chonbuk National University; 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju-si Jeollabuk-do 561-756 Republic of Korea
| | - Mei-Shan Zhang
- Division of Chemical Engineering Nanomaterials Processing Research Center; Chonbuk National University; 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju-si Jeollabuk-do 561-756 Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry; College of Science, Yan Bian University; Yanji 133-002 People's Republic of China
| | - Junhwa Shin
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute; Jeongup-si Jellabuk-do Republic of Korea
| | - Youn-Sik Lee
- Department of Energy Storage and Conversion Engineering; Chonbuk National University; 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju-si Jeollabuk-do 561-756 Republic of Korea
- Division of Chemical Engineering Nanomaterials Processing Research Center; Chonbuk National University; 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju-si Jeollabuk-do 561-756 Republic of Korea
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A. Abdel-Aziz H, Elsaman T, A. Al-Rashood K, Fun HK. New 1,2- and 1,3-Aza-ylides of 3-Amino-2-substituted-1H-isoindoles. HETEROCYCLES 2014. [DOI: 10.3987/com-14-12952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Di Vona ML, Knauth P. Sulfonated Aromatic Polymers as Proton-Conducting Solid Electrolytes for Fuel Cells: a Short Review. Z PHYS CHEM 2013. [DOI: 10.1524/zpch.2013.0337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
This review describes main strategies for the development of sulfonated aromatic polymers (SAP) with optimal properties for medium temperature (90–120 ºC) polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell applications. SAP are promising economical polymer electrolytes, but there still exist some challenges about these materials due mainly to excessive swelling in water, poor mechanical strength and low dimensional stability. Here, the state-of-the-art of SAP is reviewed and the main focus will be directed to properties of SAP, including proton conductivity, water uptake, mechanical strength, permeability. Especially three approaches to improve the performances are addressed: the formation of copolymers, the formation of hybrid materials and the polymer reticulation.
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Jasti A, Prakash S, Shahi VK. Stable and hydroxide ion conductive membranes for fuel cell applications: Chloromethyaltion and amination of poly(ether ether ketone). J Memb Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2012.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Liao H, Xiao G, Yan D. High performance proton exchange membranes obtained by adjusting the distribution and content of sulfonic acid side groups. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 49:3979-81. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cc41200h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Hou H, Di Vona ML, Knauth P. Building bridges: Crosslinking of sulfonated aromatic polymers—A review. J Memb Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2012.07.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Joshi L, Parsania P. Synthesis and characterization of copolysulfonate of 1,1′-bis(3-methyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)cyclohexane, bisphenol-A, and 4,4′-diphenyl disulfonyl chloride. Des Monomers Polym 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/15685551.2012.725211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lina Joshi
- a Department of Chemistry, Polymer Chemistry Division , Saurashtra University , Rajkot , 360 005 , Gujarat , India
| | - P.H. Parsania
- a Department of Chemistry, Polymer Chemistry Division , Saurashtra University , Rajkot , 360 005 , Gujarat , India
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Na T, Shao K, Zhu J, Liu Z, Sun H, Lew CM, Zhang Z, Zhang G. Fluorinated naphthalene-based poly(arylene ether ketone)s containing pendant groups for direct methanol fuel cells. POLYMER 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2012.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Wang G, Xiao G, Yan D. Synthesis and properties of soluble sulfonated polybenzimidazoles derived from asymmetric dicarboxylic acid monomers with sulfonate group as proton exchange membrane. J Memb Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2010.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Novel side-chain-type cardo poly(aryl ether sulfone) bearing pendant sulfoalkyl groups for proton exchange membranes. J Memb Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2010.10.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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25
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Zhang G, Li H, Ma W, Zhang L, Lew CM, Xu D, Han M, Zhang Y, Wu J, Na H. Cross-linked membranes with a macromolecular cross-linker for direct methanol fuel cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c0jm04385k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Tripathi BP, Chakrabarty T, Shahi VK. Highly charged and stable cross-linked 4,4′-bis(4-aminophenoxy)biphenyl-3,3′-disulfonic acid (BAPBDS)-sulfonated poly(ether sulfone) polymer electrolyte membranes impervious to methanol. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1039/c0jm01183e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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