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Kumar D, Sharma H, Saha N, Chakraborti AK. Domino synthesis of functionalized pyridine carboxylates under gallium catalysis: Unravelling the reaction pathway and the role of the nitrogen source counter anion. Chem Asian J 2022; 17:e202200304. [PMID: 35608137 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202200304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The catalytic potential of various metal Lewis acid catalysts have been assessed to derive a high-yielding, multi-component domino synthesis of functionalized pyridines from (E)-3-(dimethylamino)-1-aryl/heteroaryl-prop-2-en-1-ones, 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds, and an ammonium salt (as the nitrogen precursor). Amongst the various metal halides, tetrafluoroborates, perchlorates, and triflates used as the catalyst GaI3 proved to be the most effective. The mechanistic course of the most plausible pathway has been outlined as the intermediate formation of imine/enamine by the reaction of the 1,3-dicarbonyl compound with ammonia (liberated in situ from the ammonium salt used as the nitrogen source), which participates in the domino nucleophilic Michael reaction to the (2E)-3-(dimethylamino)-1-aryl/hetroarylprop-2-en-1-one by its active methylene carbon through its enamine form followed by intramolecular cyclization and aromatization. The effect of different ammonium salts as the nitrogen source has been investigated and NH4OAc was found to be best. The influence of the acetate counter anion of NH4OAc on the progress of the reaction was studied and its specific role in the cyclization and subsequent aromatization has been revealed. This work offers distinct advantages compared to the literature reported methodologies on the count of several green index parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh Kumar
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Medicinal Chemistry, Sector 67, 160062, S. A. S. Nagar, INDIA
| | - Himanshu Sharma
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Medicinal Chemistry, Sector 67, 160062, S. A. S. Nagar, INDIA
| | - Nirjhar Saha
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Medicinal Chemistry, Sector 67, 160062, S. A. S. Nagar, INDIA
| | - Asit Kumar Chakraborti
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Medicinal Chemistry, Sector 67, 160062, S. A. S. Nagar, INDIA
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Smolobochkin AV, Gazizov AS, Burilov AR, Pudovik MA, Sinyashin OG. Ring opening reactions of nitrogen heterocycles. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2019. [DOI: 10.1070/rcr4891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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3
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Application of the Microwave Technique in Continuous Flow Processing of Organophosphorus Chemical Reactions. MATERIALS 2019; 12:ma12050788. [PMID: 30866480 PMCID: PMC6427270 DOI: 10.3390/ma12050788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The microwave (MW) technique is an efficient tool in the realization of organic reactions, as well as in the analytical field and in the food industry. The continuous flow approach is of special interest as a promising way to scale-up MW-assisted syntheses. Besides summarizing the batch precedents, this review focuses on the utilization of the MW technique in the continuous-flow realization of organophosphorus transformations. The advantages of the continuous flow technique against the batch accomplishment are also shown. A few materials chemistry-related applications are also mentioned.
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Barham JP, Koyama E, Norikane Y, Ohneda N, Yoshimura T. Microwave Flow: A Perspective on Reactor and Microwave Configurations and the Emergence of Tunable Single‐Mode Heating Toward Large‐Scale Applications. CHEM REC 2018; 19:188-203. [DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201800104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua P. Barham
- Electronics and Photonics Research InstituteNational Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology Tsukuba Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8568 Japan
| | - Emiko Koyama
- Electronics and Photonics Research InstituteNational Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology Tsukuba Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8568 Japan
| | - Yasuo Norikane
- Electronics and Photonics Research InstituteNational Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology Tsukuba Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8568 Japan
| | - Noriyuki Ohneda
- SAIDA FDS, INC. 143-10 Isshiki Yaizu, Shizuoka 425-0054 Japan
| | - Takeo Yoshimura
- SAIDA FDS, INC. 143-10 Isshiki Yaizu, Shizuoka 425-0054 Japan
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Hanashalshahaby EHA, Unaleroglu C. Mannich Bases as Enone Precursors for Water-Mediated Efficient Synthesis of 2,3,6-Trisubstituted Pyridines and 5,6,7,8-Tetrahydroquinolines. ACS COMBINATORIAL SCIENCE 2015; 17:374-80. [PMID: 25961906 DOI: 10.1021/acscombsci.5b00046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A highly efficient, regioselective, and environmentally friendly method has been developed for water-mediated synthesis of 2,3,6-trisubstituted pyridines and 5,6,7,8-tetrahydroquinolines. The introduced method allows easy preparation of various polysubstituted pyridines and 5,6,7,8-tetrahydroquinolines via domino reaction of an enolizable ketone, ammonia and enones derived from different Mannich bases in mild reaction conditions. Montmorillonite K-10 promoted this one-pot three-component reaction and gave both new and known 2,3,6-trisubstituted pyridines and 5,6,7,8-tetrahydroquinolines in good yields. The reaction protocol provides a wide array of functionality in construction of polysubstituted pyridines and 5,6,7,8-tetrahydroquinolines from commercially available starting materials in easily applicable and environmentally friendly conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Canan Unaleroglu
- Hacettepe University, Chemistry
Department, 06800 Beytepe, Ankara Turkey
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Rathi AK, Gawande MB, Zboril R, Varma RS. Microwave-assisted synthesis – Catalytic applications in aqueous media. Coord Chem Rev 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2015.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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7
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Buono FG, Eriksson MC, Yang BS, Kapadia SR, Lee H, Brazzillo J, Lorenz JC, Nummy L, Busacca CA, Yee N, Senanayake C. Development of Multikilogram Continuous Flow Cyclopropanation of N-Benzylmaleimide through Kinetic Analysis. Org Process Res Dev 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/op500263m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Frederic G. Buono
- Department of Chemical Development, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 900 Ridgebury Road/P.O. Box 368, Ridgefield, Connecticut 06877-0368, United States
| | - Magnus C. Eriksson
- Department of Chemical Development, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 900 Ridgebury Road/P.O. Box 368, Ridgefield, Connecticut 06877-0368, United States
| | - Bing-Shiou Yang
- Department of Chemical Development, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 900 Ridgebury Road/P.O. Box 368, Ridgefield, Connecticut 06877-0368, United States
| | - Suresh R. Kapadia
- Department of Chemical Development, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 900 Ridgebury Road/P.O. Box 368, Ridgefield, Connecticut 06877-0368, United States
| | - Heewon Lee
- Department of Chemical Development, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 900 Ridgebury Road/P.O. Box 368, Ridgefield, Connecticut 06877-0368, United States
| | - Jason Brazzillo
- Department of Chemical Development, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 900 Ridgebury Road/P.O. Box 368, Ridgefield, Connecticut 06877-0368, United States
| | - Jon C. Lorenz
- Department of Chemical Development, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 900 Ridgebury Road/P.O. Box 368, Ridgefield, Connecticut 06877-0368, United States
| | - Laurence Nummy
- Department of Chemical Development, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 900 Ridgebury Road/P.O. Box 368, Ridgefield, Connecticut 06877-0368, United States
| | - Carl A. Busacca
- Department of Chemical Development, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 900 Ridgebury Road/P.O. Box 368, Ridgefield, Connecticut 06877-0368, United States
| | - Nathan Yee
- Department of Chemical Development, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 900 Ridgebury Road/P.O. Box 368, Ridgefield, Connecticut 06877-0368, United States
| | - Chris Senanayake
- Department of Chemical Development, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 900 Ridgebury Road/P.O. Box 368, Ridgefield, Connecticut 06877-0368, United States
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Bagley MC, Fusillo V, Jenkins RL, Lubinu MC, Mason C. One-step synthesis of pyridines and dihydropyridines in a continuous flow microwave reactor. Beilstein J Org Chem 2013; 9:1957-68. [PMID: 24204407 PMCID: PMC3817555 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.9.232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2013] [Accepted: 09/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The Bohlmann-Rahtz pyridine synthesis and the Hantzsch dihydropyridine synthesis can be carried out in a microwave flow reactor or using a conductive heating flow platform for the continuous processing of material. In the Bohlmann-Rahtz reaction, the use of a Brønsted acid catalyst allows Michael addition and cyclodehydration to be carried out in a single step without isolation of intermediates to give the corresponding trisubstituted pyridine as a single regioisomer in good yield. Furthermore, 3-substituted propargyl aldehydes undergo Hantzsch dihydropyridine synthesis in preference to Bohlmann-Rahtz reaction in a very high yielding process that is readily transferred to continuous flow processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark C Bagley
- Department of Chemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, East Sussex, BN1 9QJ, UK
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Karney MJ, Porter KA, Barnhardt EK, Vanier GS. Meso-scale microwave-assisted continuous flow reactions utilizing a selective heating matrix. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra40783g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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10
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Patpi SR, Sridhar B, Tadikamalla PR, Kantevari S. Pd-catalyzed site selective C–H acetoxylation of aryl/heteroaryl/thiophenyl tethered dihydroquinolinones. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra41312h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
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Patil NG, Benaskar F, Rebrov EV, Meuldijk J, Hulshof LA, Hessel V, Schouten JC. Continuous Multitubular Millireactor with a Cu Thin Film for Microwave-Assisted Fine-Chemical Synthesis. Ind Eng Chem Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/ie300754z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Narendra G. Patil
- Laboratory of Chemical Reactor
Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Faysal Benaskar
- Laboratory of Chemical Reactor
Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Evgeny V. Rebrov
- School of Chemistry and Chemical
Engineering, Queen’s University Belfast, Stranmillis Road, Belfast, BT9 5AG, United Kingdom
| | - Jan Meuldijk
- Laboratory of Chemical Reactor
Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Lumbertus A. Hulshof
- Laboratory of Chemical Reactor
Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Volker Hessel
- Laboratory of Chemical Reactor
Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Jaap C. Schouten
- Laboratory of Chemical Reactor
Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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12
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Wilson NS, Osuma AT, Camp JA, Xu X. A scalable approach to diaminopyrazoles using flow chemistry. Tetrahedron Lett 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2012.05.152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Abstract
The principles of Green Chemistry are important but challenging drivers for most modern synthesis programs. To meet these challenges new flow chemistry tools are proving to be very effective by providing improved heat/mass transfer opportunities, lower solvent usage, less waste generation, hazardous compound containment, and the possibility of a 24/7 working regime. This machine-assisted approach can be used to effect repetitive or routine scale-up steps or when combined with reagent and scavenger cartridges, to achieve multi-step synthesis of complex natural products and pharmaceutical agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven V Ley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, UK CB2 1EW.
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14
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Wegner J, Ceylan S, Kirschning A. Flow Chemistry – A Key Enabling Technology for (Multistep) Organic Synthesis. Adv Synth Catal 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201100584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 497] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jens Wegner
- Institut für Organische Chemie and Biomolekulares Wirkstoffzentrum (BMWZ), Leibniz Universität Hannover, Schneiderberg 1B, D‐30167 Hannover, Germany, Fax: (+49)‐(0)511‐762‐3011; phone: (+49)‐(0)511‐762‐4612
| | - Sascha Ceylan
- Institut für Organische Chemie and Biomolekulares Wirkstoffzentrum (BMWZ), Leibniz Universität Hannover, Schneiderberg 1B, D‐30167 Hannover, Germany, Fax: (+49)‐(0)511‐762‐3011; phone: (+49)‐(0)511‐762‐4612
| | - Andreas Kirschning
- Institut für Organische Chemie and Biomolekulares Wirkstoffzentrum (BMWZ), Leibniz Universität Hannover, Schneiderberg 1B, D‐30167 Hannover, Germany, Fax: (+49)‐(0)511‐762‐3011; phone: (+49)‐(0)511‐762‐4612
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15
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Rueping M, Bootwicha T, Baars H, Sugiono E. Continuous-flow hydration-condensation reaction: Synthesis of α,β-unsaturated ketones from alkynes and aldehydes by using a heterogeneous solid acid catalyst. Beilstein J Org Chem 2011; 7:1680-7. [PMID: 22238547 PMCID: PMC3252873 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.7.198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2011] [Accepted: 12/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A simple, practical and efficient continuous-flow hydration-condensation protocol was developed for the synthesis of α,β-unsaturated ketones starting from alkynes and aldehydes by employing a heterogeneous catalyst in a flow microwave. The procedure presents a straightforward and convenient access to valuable differently substituted chalcones and can be applied on multigram scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magnus Rueping
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Teerawut Bootwicha
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Hannah Baars
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Erli Sugiono
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
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16
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The Microwave-to-Flow Paradigm: Translating High-Temperature Batch Microwave Chemistry to Scalable Continuous-Flow Processes. Chemistry 2011; 17:11956-68. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201102065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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17
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Baumann M, Baxendale IR, Kuratli C, Ley SV, Martin RE, Schneider J. Synthesis of a drug-like focused library of trisubstituted pyrrolidines using integrated flow chemistry and batch methods. ACS COMBINATORIAL SCIENCE 2011; 13:405-13. [PMID: 21528880 DOI: 10.1021/co2000357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A combination of flow and batch chemistries has been successfully applied to the assembly of a series of trisubstituted drug-like pyrrolidines. This study demonstrates the efficient preparation of a focused library of these pharmaceutically important structures using microreactor technologies, as well as classical parallel synthesis techniques, and thus exemplifies the impact of integrating innovative enabling tools within the drug discovery process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Baumann
- Innovative Technology Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, CB2 1EW Cambridge, U.K
| | - Ian R. Baxendale
- Innovative Technology Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, CB2 1EW Cambridge, U.K
| | - Christoph Kuratli
- F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Pharmaceuticals Division, Chemistry Technology and Innovation, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Steven V. Ley
- Innovative Technology Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, CB2 1EW Cambridge, U.K
| | - Rainer E. Martin
- F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Pharmaceuticals Division, Chemistry Technology and Innovation, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Josef Schneider
- F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Pharmaceuticals Division, Chemistry Technology and Innovation, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
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Gram-scale synthesis of the p38α MAPK-inhibitor VX-745 for preclinical studies into Werner syndrome. Future Med Chem 2011; 2:1417-27. [PMID: 21426137 DOI: 10.4155/fmc.10.217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ATP-competitive p38α MAPK inhibitor VX-745 exhibits an exquisite kinase selectivity profile, is effective in blocking p38 stress signaling in Werner syndrome dermal fibroblasts, has efficacy in clinical trials and may have therapeutic value against Werner syndrome. Previous synthetic routes, however, have only resulted in milligram quantities suitable for cell-based studies, whereas gram quantities would be required for in vivo use. RESULTS & DISCUSSION Microwave irradiation using a stop-flow monomodal microwave reactor has been found to facilitate scale-up of the synthesis of VX-745. Ullmann-type C-S bond formation using thiophenol, chloropyridazine, copper(I) catalyst and diol ligand proceeds rapidly and efficiently in this apparatus for elaboration to the pyrimido[1,6-b]pyridazinone core of VX-745 on gram scale and with good overall yield. CONCLUSION This method delivers the p38 inhibitor VX-745 in sufficient quantities for preclinical studies to rescue the aging phenotype in Werner syndrome.
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Dallinger D, Lehmann H, Moseley JD, Stadler A, Kappe CO. Scale-Up of Microwave-Assisted Reactions in a Multimode Bench-Top Reactor. Org Process Res Dev 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/op200090k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Doris Dallinger
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Microwave Chemistry (CDLMC) and Institute of Chemistry, Karl-Franzens University Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28, A-80010 Graz, Austria
| | - Hansjörg Lehmann
- Preparation Laboratories, Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institute for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jonathan D. Moseley
- AstraZeneca, Process Research and Development, Avlon Works, Severn Road, Hallen, Bristol BS10 7ZE, U.K
| | | | - C. Oliver Kappe
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Microwave Chemistry (CDLMC) and Institute of Chemistry, Karl-Franzens University Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28, A-80010 Graz, Austria
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20
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Wheeler RC, Baxter E, Campbell IB, Macdonald SJF. A General, One-Step Synthesis of Substituted Indazoles using a Flow Reactor. Org Process Res Dev 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/op100288t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rob C. Wheeler
- GlaxoSmithKline, Gunnels Wood Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Emma Baxter
- GlaxoSmithKline, Gunnels Wood Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Ian B. Campbell
- GlaxoSmithKline, Gunnels Wood Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Simon J. F. Macdonald
- GlaxoSmithKline, Gunnels Wood Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
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21
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Qian Z, Baxendale IR, Ley SV. A continuous flow process using a sequence of microreactors with in-line IR analysis for the preparation of N,N-diethyl-4-(3-fluorophenylpiperidin-4-ylidenemethyl)benzamide as a potent and highly selective δ-opioid receptor agonist. Chemistry 2011; 16:12342-8. [PMID: 20859972 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201002147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
This article describes the design, optimisation and development of a continuous flow synthesis of N,N-diethyl-4-(3-fluorophenylpiperidin-4-ylidenemethyl)benzamide, a potent δ-opioid receptor agonist developed by AstraZeneca. The process employs a sequence of flow-based microreactors, with integrated purification employing solid-supported reagents and in-line IR analytical protocols using a newly developed ReactIR flow cell. With this monitoring device, initiation of the fourth input flow stream can be precisely controlled during the synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zizheng Qian
- Innovative Technology Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW UK
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23
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Rueping M, Bootwicha T, Sugiono E. Efficient and General Continuous-Flow Hydroarylation and Hydroalkylation of Styrenes. Adv Synth Catal 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201000538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Use of p38 MAPK Inhibitors for the Treatment of Werner Syndrome. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2010; 3:1842-1872. [PMID: 27713332 PMCID: PMC4033955 DOI: 10.3390/ph3061842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2010] [Revised: 05/13/2010] [Accepted: 05/26/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Werner syndrome provides a convincing model for aspects of the normal ageing phenotype and may provide a suitable model for therapeutic interventions designed to combat the ageing process. Cultured primary fibroblast cells from Werner syndrome patients provide a powerful model system to study the link between replicative senescence in vitro and in vivo pathophysiology. Genome instability, together with an increased pro-oxidant state, and frequent replication fork stalling, all provide plausible triggers for intracellular stress in Werner syndrome cells, and implicates p38 MAPK signaling in their shortened replicative lifespan. A number of different p38 MAPK inhibitor chemotypes have been prepared rapidly and efficiently using microwave heating techniques for biological study in Werner syndrome cells, including SB203580, VX-745, RO3201195, UR-13756 and BIRB 796, and their selectivity and potency evaluated in this cellular context. Werner syndrome fibroblasts treated with a p38 MAPK inhibitor reveal an unexpected reversal of the accelerated ageing phenotype. Thus the study of p38 inhibition and its effect upon Werner pathophysiology is likely to provide new revelations into the biological mechanisms operating in cellular senescence and human ageing in the future.
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Bohlmann-Rahtz cyclodehydration of aminodienones to pyridines using N-iodosuccinimide. Molecules 2010; 15:3211-27. [PMID: 20657473 PMCID: PMC6263277 DOI: 10.3390/molecules15053211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2010] [Accepted: 04/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclodehydration of Bohlmann-Rahtz aminodienone intermediates using N-iodosuccinimide as a Lewis acid proceeds at low temperature under very mild conditions to give the corresponding 2,3,6-trisubstituted pyridines in high yield and with total regiocontrol.
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Malet-Sanz L, Madrzak J, Ley SV, Baxendale IR. Preparation of arylsulfonyl chlorides by chlorosulfonylation of in situ generated diazonium salts using a continuous flow reactor. Org Biomol Chem 2010; 8:5324-32. [DOI: 10.1039/c0ob00450b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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