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Skaria M, Culpepper JD, Daly SR. Leveraging Metal and Ligand Reactive Sites for One Pot Reactions: Ligand-Centered Borenium Ions for Tandem Catalysis with Palladium. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202201791. [PMID: 35997655 PMCID: PMC9828003 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202201791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Tandem catalysts that perform two different organic transformations in a single pot are highly desirable because they enable rapid and efficient assembly of simple organic building blocks into more complex molecules. Many examples of tandem catalysis rely on metal-catalyzed reactions involving one or more metal complexes. Remarkably, despite surging interest in the development of chemically reactive (i. e., non-innocent) ligands, there are few examples of metal complexes that leverage ligand-centered reactivity to perform catalytic reactions in tandem with separate catalytic reactions at the metal. Here we report how multifunctional Pd complexes with triaminoborane-derived diphosphorus ligands, called TBDPhos, appear to facilitate borenium-catalyzed cycloaddition reactions at the ligand, and Pd-catalyzed Stille and Suzuki cross-coupling reactions at the metal. Both transformations can be accessed in one pot to afford rare examples of tandem catalysis using separate metal and ligand catalysis sites in a single complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manisha Skaria
- Department of ChemistryThe University of IowaIowa CityIowa52242USA
| | | | - Scott R. Daly
- Department of ChemistryThe University of IowaIowa CityIowa52242USA
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2
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Spielvogel KD, Stumme NC, Fetrow TV, Wang L, Luna JA, Keith JM, Shaw SK, Daly SR. Quantifying Variations in Metal–Ligand Cooperative Binding Strength with Cyclic Voltammetry and Redox-Active Ligands. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:2391-2401. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c03014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kyle D. Spielvogel
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Iowa, E331 Chemistry Building, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Nathan C. Stumme
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Iowa, E331 Chemistry Building, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Taylor V. Fetrow
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Iowa, E331 Chemistry Building, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Iowa, E331 Chemistry Building, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Javier A. Luna
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Iowa, E331 Chemistry Building, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Jason M. Keith
- Department of Chemistry, Colgate University, 13 Oak Drive, Hamilton, New York 13346, United States
| | - Scott K. Shaw
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Iowa, E331 Chemistry Building, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Scott R. Daly
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Iowa, E331 Chemistry Building, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
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3
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Agbossou-Niedercorn F, Michon C. Bifunctional homogeneous catalysts based on first row transition metals in asymmetric hydrogenation. Coord Chem Rev 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2020.213523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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4
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Tanaka K, Miki T, Murata K, Yamaguchi A, Kayaki Y, Kuwata S, Ikariya T, Watanabe M. Reductive Amination of Ketonic Compounds Catalyzed by Cp*Ir(III) Complexes Bearing a Picolinamidato Ligand. J Org Chem 2019; 84:10962-10977. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b01565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kouichi Tanaka
- Central Research Laboratory, Technology & Development Division, Kanto Chemical Co., Inc., 7-1, Inari 1-chome, Soka-city, Saitama 340-0003, Japan
| | - Takashi Miki
- Central Research Laboratory, Technology & Development Division, Kanto Chemical Co., Inc., 7-1, Inari 1-chome, Soka-city, Saitama 340-0003, Japan
| | - Kunihiko Murata
- Central Research Laboratory, Technology & Development Division, Kanto Chemical Co., Inc., 7-1, Inari 1-chome, Soka-city, Saitama 340-0003, Japan
| | - Ayumi Yamaguchi
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1-E4-1 O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
| | - Yoshihito Kayaki
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1-E4-1 O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
| | - Shigeki Kuwata
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1-E4-1 O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
| | - Takao Ikariya
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1-E4-1 O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
| | - Masahito Watanabe
- Central Research Laboratory, Technology & Development Division, Kanto Chemical Co., Inc., 7-1, Inari 1-chome, Soka-city, Saitama 340-0003, Japan
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van der Vlugt JI. Radical-Type Reactivity and Catalysis by Single-Electron Transfer to or from Redox-Active Ligands. Chemistry 2019; 25:2651-2662. [PMID: 30084211 PMCID: PMC6471147 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201802606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Controlled ligand-based redox-activity and chemical non-innocence are rapidly gaining importance for selective (catalytic) processes. This Concept aims to provide an overview of the progress regarding ligand-to-substrate single-electron transfer as a relatively new mode of operation to exploit ligand-centered reactivity and catalysis based thereon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarl Ivar van der Vlugt
- Bio-Inspired Homogeneous and Supramolecular Catalysis Groupvan ‘t Hoff Institute for Molecular SciencesUniversity of AmsterdamScience Park 9041098 XHAmsterdamNetherlands
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6
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Matsunami A, Kayaki Y. Upgrading and expanding the scope of homogeneous transfer hydrogenation. Tetrahedron Lett 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2017.12.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Cook BJ, Chen CH, Pink M, Caulton KG. Dehydrohalogenation of proton responsive complexes: versatile aggregation via pyrazolate pincer ligand arms. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:2052-2060. [DOI: 10.1039/c7dt04253a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The behavior of the complex (H2L)CoCl2, where H2L is a bis-(pyrazol-3-yl)pyridine, towards Brønsted bases is studied, to evaluate peripheral NH deprotonation as a route to a dianionic pincer ligand on a d7 center.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian J. Cook
- Department of Chemistry
- Indiana University
- Bloomington
- USA
| | - Chun-Hsing Chen
- Department of Chemistry
- Indiana University
- Bloomington
- USA
- Indiana University Molecular Structure Center
| | - Maren Pink
- Department of Chemistry
- Indiana University
- Bloomington
- USA
- Indiana University Molecular Structure Center
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Espada MF, Esqueda AC, Campos J, Rubio M, López-Serrano J, Álvarez E, Maya C, Carmona E. Cationic (η5-C5Me4R)RhIII Complexes with Metalated Aryl Phosphines Featuring η4-Phosphorus plus Pseudo-Allylic Coordination. Organometallics 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.7b00688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ana C. Esqueda
- Escuela
de Nivel Medio Superior de León, Universidad de Guanajuato, Hermanos Aldama y Blvd. Torres Landa s/n, León, Guanajuato, México CP 37480
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Cook BJ, Polezhaev AV, Chen C, Pink M, Caulton KG. Deprotonation, Chloride Abstraction, and Dehydrohalogenation as Synthetic Routes to Bis‐Pyrazolate Pyridyl Iron(II) Complexes. Eur J Inorg Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201700558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brian J. Cook
- Department of Chemistry Indiana University 800 East Kirkwood Avenue 47405 Bloomington Indiana USA
| | - Alexander V. Polezhaev
- Department of Chemistry Indiana University 800 East Kirkwood Avenue 47405 Bloomington Indiana USA
| | - Chun‐Hsing Chen
- Department of Chemistry Indiana University 800 East Kirkwood Avenue 47405 Bloomington Indiana USA
| | - Maren Pink
- Department of Chemistry Indiana University 800 East Kirkwood Avenue 47405 Bloomington Indiana USA
| | - Kenneth G. Caulton
- Department of Chemistry Indiana University 800 East Kirkwood Avenue 47405 Bloomington Indiana USA
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10
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de Boer S, Korstanje TJ, La Rooij SR, Kox R, Reek JNH, van der Vlugt JI. Ruthenium PNN(O) Complexes: Cooperative Reactivity and Application as Catalysts for Acceptorless Dehydrogenative Coupling Reactions. Organometallics 2017; 36:1541-1549. [PMID: 29353952 PMCID: PMC5770139 DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.7b00111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The novel tridentate PNNOH pincer ligand LH features a reactive 2-hydroxypyridine functionality as well as a bipyridyl-methylphosphine skeleton for meridional coordination. This proton-responsive ligand coordinates in a straightforward manner to RuCl(CO)(H)(PPh3)3 to generate complex 1. The methoxy-protected analogue LMe was also coordinated to Ru(II) for comparison. Both species have been crystallographically characterized. Site-selective deprotonation of the 2-hydroxypyridine functionality to give 1' was achieved using both mild (DBU) and strong bases (KOtBu and KHMDS), with no sign of involvement of the phosphinomethyl side arm that was previously established as the reactive fragment. Complex 1' is catalytically active in the dehydrogenation of formic acid to generate CO-free hydrogen in three consecutive runs as well as for the dehydrogenative coupling of alcohols, giving high conversions to different esters and outperforming structurally related PNN ligands lacking the NOH fragment. DFT calculations suggest more favorable release of H2 through reversible reactivity of the hydroxypyridine functionality relative to the phosphinomethyl side arm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra
Y. de Boer
- Homogeneous, Supramolecular
& Bio-inspired Catalysis, van ’t Hoff Institute for Molecular
Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ties J. Korstanje
- Homogeneous, Supramolecular
& Bio-inspired Catalysis, van ’t Hoff Institute for Molecular
Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Stefan R. La Rooij
- Homogeneous, Supramolecular
& Bio-inspired Catalysis, van ’t Hoff Institute for Molecular
Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rogier Kox
- Homogeneous, Supramolecular
& Bio-inspired Catalysis, van ’t Hoff Institute for Molecular
Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joost N. H. Reek
- Homogeneous, Supramolecular
& Bio-inspired Catalysis, van ’t Hoff Institute for Molecular
Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jarl Ivar van der Vlugt
- Homogeneous, Supramolecular
& Bio-inspired Catalysis, van ’t Hoff Institute for Molecular
Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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11
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Coordination and electronic characteristics of a nitrogen heterocycle pincer ligand. Inorganica Chim Acta 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2016.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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12
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Martínez C, Pérez EG, Iglesias Á, Escudero-Adán EC, Muñiz K. Regioselective Intermolecular Diamination and Aminooxygenation of Alkenes with Saccharin. Org Lett 2016; 18:2998-3001. [PMID: 27266654 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.6b01368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Palladium catalysis enables the regioselective difunctionalization of alkenes using saccharin as the nitrogen source in the initial step of aminopalladation. Depending on the reaction conditions, diamination or aminooxygenation pathways can be accessed using hypervalent iodine reagents as the terminal oxidants. The aminooxygenation of allylic ethers originates from an unprecedented ambident behavior of saccharin. The participating palladium catalysts contain a palladium-saccharide unit. Two representative complexes of this type could be isolated and characterized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Martínez
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology , Av Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Edwin G Pérez
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology , Av Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.,Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile , Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Casilla 306, Santiago 22, Chile
| | - Álvaro Iglesias
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology , Av Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Eduardo C Escudero-Adán
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology , Av Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Kilian Muñiz
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology , Av Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.,Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA) , Pg Lluís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
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13
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Takemoto S, Ito T, Yamazaki Y, Tsujita M, Matsuzaka H. Metal-ligand cooperative activation of element-hydrogen bonds (element = C, N, O, Cl, B) on a dinuclear ruthenium bridging imido complex. J Organomet Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2015.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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14
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Takemoto S, Yumoto Y, Matsuzaka H. Aminolysis of [Cp*Ru(μ-OEt)] 2 (Cp* = η 5 -C 5 Me 5 ) with sulfonamides: Synthesis of neutral, zwitterionic, and anionic Cp*Ru terminal sulfonamido complexes. J Organomet Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2016.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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15
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Jongbloed LS, de Bruin B, Reek JNH, Lutz M, van der Vlugt JI. Reversible cyclometalation at RhI as a motif for metal–ligand bifunctional bond activation and base-free formic acid dehydrogenation. Catal Sci Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cy01505g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The first example of base-free catalytic dehydrogenation of formic acid using reversible cyclometalation at Rh(i) is discussed, using a combination of experimental and computational methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. S. Jongbloed
- Homogeneous, Bioinspired & Supramolecular Catalysis
- van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences
- University of Amsterdam
- 1098 XH Amsterdam
- The Netherlands
| | - B. de Bruin
- Homogeneous, Bioinspired & Supramolecular Catalysis
- van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences
- University of Amsterdam
- 1098 XH Amsterdam
- The Netherlands
| | - J. N. H. Reek
- Homogeneous, Bioinspired & Supramolecular Catalysis
- van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences
- University of Amsterdam
- 1098 XH Amsterdam
- The Netherlands
| | - M. Lutz
- Crystal & Structural Chemistry
- Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research
- Utrecht University
- The Netherlands
| | - J. I. van der Vlugt
- Homogeneous, Bioinspired & Supramolecular Catalysis
- van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences
- University of Amsterdam
- 1098 XH Amsterdam
- The Netherlands
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17
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Khusnutdinova JR, Milstein D. Metal-Ligand Cooperation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:12236-73. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201503873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 783] [Impact Index Per Article: 87.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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18
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Romero RM, Fra L, Lishchynskyi A, Martínez C, Streuff J, Muñiz K. Amidato complexes of ruthenium, rhodium and iridium from concise N–H bond activation: exploration in catalysis. Tetrahedron 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2015.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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19
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Zamorano A, Rendón N, Valpuesta JEV, Álvarez E, Carmona E. Synthesis and Reactivity toward H2 of (η(5)-C5Me5)Rh(III) Complexes with Bulky Aminopyridinate Ligands. Inorg Chem 2015; 54:6573-81. [PMID: 26067207 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.5b00905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Electrophilic, cationic Rh(III) complexes of composition [(η(5)-C5Me5)Rh(Ap)](+), (1(+)), were prepared by reaction of [(η(5)-C5Me5)RhCl2]2 and LiAp (Ap = aminopyridinate ligand) followed by chloride abstraction with NaBArF (BArF = B[3,5-(CF3)2C6H3]4). Reactions of cations 1(+) with different Lewis bases (e.g., NH3, 4-dimethylaminopyridine, or CNXyl) led in general to monoadducts 1·L(+) (L = Lewis base; Xyl = 2,6-Me2C6H3), but carbon monoxide provided carbonyl-carbamoyl complexes 1·(CO)2(+) as a result of metal coordination and formal insertion of CO into the Rh-Namido bond of complexes 1(+). Arguably, the most relevant observation reported in this study stemmed from the reactions of complexes 1(+) with H2. (1)H NMR analyses of the reactions demonstrated a H2-catalyzed isomerization of the aminopyridinate ligand in cations 1(+) from the ordinary κ(2)-N,N' coordination to a very uncommon, formally tridentate κ-N,η(3) pseudoallyl bonding mode (complexes 3(+)) following benzylic C-H activation within the xylyl substituent of the pyridinic ring of the aminopyridinate ligand. The isomerization entailed in addition H-H and N-H bond activation and mimicked previous findings with the analogous iridium complexes. However, in dissimilarity with iridium, rhodium complexes 1(+) reacted stoichiometrically at 20 °C with excess H2. The transformations resulted in the hydrogenation of the C5Me5 and Ap ligands with concurrent reduction to Rh(I) and yielded complexes [(η(4)-C5Me5H)Rh(η(6)-ApH)](+), (2(+)), in which the pyridinic xylyl substituent is η(6)-bonded to the rhodium(I) center. New compounds reported were characterized by microanalysis and NMR spectroscopy. Representative complexes were additionally investigated by X-ray crystallography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Zamorano
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ) Departamento de Química Inorgánica and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA) Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), and Universidad de Sevilla Av. Américo Vespucio 49, Isla de la Cartuja, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Nuria Rendón
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ) Departamento de Química Inorgánica and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA) Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), and Universidad de Sevilla Av. Américo Vespucio 49, Isla de la Cartuja, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - José E V Valpuesta
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ) Departamento de Química Inorgánica and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA) Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), and Universidad de Sevilla Av. Américo Vespucio 49, Isla de la Cartuja, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Eleuterio Álvarez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ) Departamento de Química Inorgánica and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA) Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), and Universidad de Sevilla Av. Américo Vespucio 49, Isla de la Cartuja, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Ernesto Carmona
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ) Departamento de Química Inorgánica and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA) Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), and Universidad de Sevilla Av. Américo Vespucio 49, Isla de la Cartuja, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
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21
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Zamorano A, Rendón N, López-Serrano J, Valpuesta JEV, Álvarez E, Carmona E. Dihydrogen Catalysis of the Reversible Formation and Cleavage of CH and NH Bonds of Aminopyridinate Ligands Bound to (η5-C5Me5)IrIII. Chemistry 2014; 21:2576-87. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201405340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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22
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Han YF, Zhang L, Weng LH, Jin GX. H2-Initiated Reversible Switching between Two-Dimensional Metallacycles and Three-Dimensional Cylinders. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:14608-15. [DOI: 10.1021/ja508543y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Feng Han
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular
Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, 200433 Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Long Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular
Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, 200433 Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lin-Hong Weng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular
Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, 200433 Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guo-Xin Jin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular
Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, 200433 Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
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Gao X, Zhang X, Li QS, King RB, Schaefer HF. A density functional theory study of paramagnetic cyclopentadienylcobalt(III) derivatives: fluoride versus cyanide. J Mol Model 2014; 20:2153. [PMID: 24573499 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-014-2153-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2013] [Accepted: 01/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The cobalt(III) complexes Cp₂Co₂F₄ and Cp₂Co₂(CN)₄ have been studied by density functional theory methods as representatives of the experimentally known Cp₂Co₂X₄ species with the weak-field fluoride ligand and the strong-field cyanide ligand. Both complexes were found to have relatively complicated energy surfaces with low-energy triplet and quintet spin state structures as well as the expected singlet-state structures for Co(III) complexes. This existence of singlet-, triplet-, and quintet-state structures of similar energies complicates the study of these complexes by density functional theory. The B3LYP* method of Reiher et al. was chosen in an effort to provide the most reliable estimates of the relative energies of the singlet, triplet, and quintet spin states. The lowest-energy Cp₂Co₂F₄ structure was found to be a doubly bridged quintet spin state structure, with similar triplet and singlet structures lying within ∼4 kcal mol⁻¹ of this quintet structure. The lowest-energy Cp₂Co₂(CN)₄ structure was found to be a triplet spin state structure, with a singlet structure lying within ∼1 kcal mol⁻¹ of this triplet structure. Almost all of the Cp₂Co₂X₄ structures were found to have nonbonding Co···Co distances in excess of 2.9 Å, as expected for Co(III) complexes. In general, structures with trans stereochemistry of the Cp and other terminal ligands were found to be of lower energy than the corresponding structures with cis stereochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhen Gao
- School of Chemistry, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
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25
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Terrade FG, Lutz M, van der Vlugt JI, Reek JNH. Synthesis, Coordination Chemistry, and Cooperative Activation of H2with Ruthenium Complexes of Proton-Responsive METAMORPhos Ligands. Eur J Inorg Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201301215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Yang JY, Smith SE, Liu T, Dougherty WG, Hoffert WA, Kassel WS, Rakowski DuBois M, DuBois DL, Bullock RM. Two pathways for electrocatalytic oxidation of hydrogen by a nickel bis(diphosphine) complex with pendant amines in the second coordination sphere. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:9700-12. [PMID: 23631473 DOI: 10.1021/ja400705a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A nickel bis(diphosphine) complex containing pendant amines in the second coordination sphere, [Ni(P(Cy)2N(t-Bu)2)2](BF4)2 (P(Cy)2N(t-Bu)2 = 1,5-di(tert-butyl)-3,7-dicyclohexyl-1,5-diaza-3,7-diphosphacyclooctane), is an electrocatalyst for hydrogen oxidation. The addition of hydrogen to the Ni(II) complex gives three isomers of the doubly protonated Ni(0) complex [Ni(P(Cy)2N(t-Bu)2H)2](BF4)2. Using the pKa values and Ni(II/I) and Ni(I/0) redox potentials in a thermochemical cycle, the free energy of hydrogen addition to [Ni(P(Cy)2N(t-Bu)2)2](2+) was determined to be -7.9 kcal mol(-1). The catalytic rate observed in dry acetonitrile for the oxidation of H2 depends on base size, with larger bases (NEt3, t-BuNH2) resulting in much slower catalysis than n-BuNH2. The addition of water accelerates the rate of catalysis by facilitating deprotonation of the hydrogen addition product before oxidation, especially for the larger bases NEt3 and t-BuNH2. This catalytic pathway, where deprotonation occurs prior to oxidation, leads to an overpotential that is 0.38 V lower compared to the pathway where oxidation precedes proton movement. Under the optimal conditions of 1.0 atm H2 using n-BuNH2 as a base and with added water, a turnover frequency of 58 s(-1) is observed at 23 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Y Yang
- Center for Molecular Electrocatalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, K2-57, Richland, Washington 99352, USA.
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Kameo H, Nakazawa H. Recent Developments in the Coordination Chemistry of Multidentate Ligands Featuring a Boron Moiety. Chem Asian J 2013; 8:1720-34. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201300184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2013] [Revised: 03/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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28
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Bartoszewicz A, Ahlsten N, Martín-Matute B. Enantioselective Synthesis of Alcohols and Amines by Iridium-Catalyzed Hydrogenation, Transfer Hydrogenation, and Related Processes. Chemistry 2013; 19:7274-302. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201202836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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30
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Zhang S, Zhang X, Li QS, King RB. Binuclear cyclopentadienylrhodium halides and cyanides in the +2 to +3 oxidation states. Inorganica Chim Acta 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2012.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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31
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Prokopchuk DE, Morris RH. Inner-Sphere Activation, Outer-Sphere Catalysis: Theoretical Study on the Mechanism of Transfer Hydrogenation of Ketones Using Iron(II) PNNP Eneamido Complexes. Organometallics 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/om300572v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Demyan E. Prokopchuk
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S
3H6, Canada
| | - Robert H. Morris
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S
3H6, Canada
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32
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Miyasaka A, Amaya T, Hirao T. Design and synthesis of dinuclear hemisalen complex on hexaarylbenzene scaffold. Tetrahedron Lett 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2012.07.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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33
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Bartoszewicz A, Marcos R, Sahoo S, Inge AK, Zou X, Martín-Matute B. A Highly Active Bifunctional Iridium Complex with an Alcohol/Alkoxide-Tethered N-Heterocyclic Carbene for Alkylation of Amines with Alcohols. Chemistry 2012; 18:14510-9. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201201845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2012] [Revised: 07/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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34
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Valpuesta JEV, Rendón N, López-Serrano J, Poveda ML, Sánchez L, Álvarez E, Carmona E. Dihydrogen-Catalyzed Reversible Carbon-Hydrogen and Nitrogen-Hydrogen Bond Formation in Organometallic Iridium Complexes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:7555-7. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201201811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2012] [Revised: 05/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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35
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Valpuesta JEV, Rendón N, López-Serrano J, Poveda ML, Sánchez L, Álvarez E, Carmona E. Dihydrogen-Catalyzed Reversible Carbon-Hydrogen and Nitrogen-Hydrogen Bond Formation in Organometallic Iridium Complexes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201201811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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36
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O WWN, Lough AJ, Morris RH. Factors Favoring Efficient Bifunctional Catalysis. Study of a Ruthenium(II) Hydrogenation Catalyst Containing an N-Heterocyclic Carbene with a Primary Amine Donor. Organometallics 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/om300108p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wylie W. N. O
- Davenport Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S
3H6, Canada
| | - Alan J. Lough
- Davenport Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S
3H6, Canada
| | - Robert H. Morris
- Davenport Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S
3H6, Canada
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37
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Kimura T, Ishiwata K, Kuwata S, Ikariya T. Trapping of a Doubly Unsaturated Dinuclear Iridium(II) Sulfonylimido Complex with Phosphine and Lewis Acidic Group 11 and 12 Metals. Organometallics 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/om201218j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Kimura
- Department of Applied
Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, O-okayama, Meguro-ku,
Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
| | - Koji Ishiwata
- Department of Applied
Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, O-okayama, Meguro-ku,
Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
| | - Shigeki Kuwata
- Department of Applied
Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, O-okayama, Meguro-ku,
Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
| | - Takao Ikariya
- Department of Applied
Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, O-okayama, Meguro-ku,
Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
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Singh T, Kishan R, Nethaji M, Thirupathi N. Synthesis, Reactivity Studies, Structural Aspects, and Solution Behavior of Half Sandwich Ruthenium(II) N,N′,N″-Triarylguanidinate Complexes. Inorg Chem 2011; 51:157-69. [DOI: 10.1021/ic201343w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Taruna Singh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi 110 007, India
| | - Ram Kishan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi 110 007, India
| | - Munirathinam Nethaji
- Department of Inorganic and
Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560 012, India
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39
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Amaya T, Miyasaka A, Hirao T. Synthesis of three-dimensionally arranged bis-biphenol ligand on hexaaryl benzene scaffold and its application for cross-pinacol coupling reaction. Tetrahedron Lett 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2011.06.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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40
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Kimura T, Koiso N, Ishiwata K, Kuwata S, Ikariya T. H-H and N-H bond cleavage of dihydrogen and ammonia with a bifunctional parent imido (NH)-bridged diiridium complex. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:8880-3. [PMID: 21591681 DOI: 10.1021/ja203538b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogenation and protonation of parent imido complexes have attracted much attention in relation to industrial and biological nitrogen fixation. The present study reports the structure and properties of the highly unsaturated diiridium parent imido complex [(Cp*Ir)(2)(μ(2)-H)(μ(2)-NH)](+) derived from deprotonation of a parent amido complex. Because of the Lewis acid-Brønsted base bifunctional nature of the metal-NH bond, the parent imido complex promotes heterolysis of H(2) and deprotonative N-H cleavage of ammonia to afford the corresponding parent amido complexes under mild conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Kimura
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, O-okayama, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
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41
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Kuwata S, Ikariya T. β‐Protic Pyrazole and N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes: Synthesis, Properties, and Metal–Ligand Cooperative Bifunctional Catalysis. Chemistry 2011; 17:3542-56. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201003296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shigeki Kuwata
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Okayama, Meguro‐ku, Tokyo 152‐8552 (Japan), Fax: (+81) 3‐5734‐2637
| | - Takao Ikariya
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Okayama, Meguro‐ku, Tokyo 152‐8552 (Japan), Fax: (+81) 3‐5734‐2637
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42
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O WWN, Lough AJ, Morris RH. Mechanistic Investigation of the Hydrogenation of Ketones Catalyzed by a Ruthenium(II) Complex Featuring an N-Heterocyclic Carbene with a Tethered Primary Amine Donor: Evidence for an Inner Sphere Mechanism. Organometallics 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/om101152m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wylie W. N. O
- Davenport Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Alan J. Lough
- Davenport Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Robert H. Morris
- Davenport Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
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43
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Chow C, Taoufik M, Quadrelli EA. Ammonia and Dinitrogen Activation by Surface Organometallic Chemistry on Silica‐Grafted Tantalum Hydrides. Eur J Inorg Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201000640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Chow
- Université de Lyon, Institut de Chimie de Lyon UMR 5265 (CNRS – CPE Lyon – Université Lyon 1) Bâtiment 308 F, 43 Boulevard du 11 Novembre 1918, 69616 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Mostafa Taoufik
- Université de Lyon, Institut de Chimie de Lyon UMR 5265 (CNRS – CPE Lyon – Université Lyon 1) Bâtiment 308 F, 43 Boulevard du 11 Novembre 1918, 69616 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Elsje Alessandra Quadrelli
- Université de Lyon, Institut de Chimie de Lyon UMR 5265 (CNRS – CPE Lyon – Université Lyon 1) Bâtiment 308 F, 43 Boulevard du 11 Novembre 1918, 69616 Villeurbanne, France
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44
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Takemoto S, Kobayashi T, Ito T, Inui A, Karitani K, Katagiri S, Masuhara Y, Matsuzaka H. Synthesis and Reactivity of Coordinatively Unsaturated Dinuclear Ruthenium Bridging Imido Complexes. Organometallics 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/om1011227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shin Takemoto
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, Gakuen-cho 1-1, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| | - Tomoharu Kobayashi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, Gakuen-cho 1-1, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| | - Takahiro Ito
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, Gakuen-cho 1-1, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| | - Akira Inui
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, Gakuen-cho 1-1, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| | - Kenji Karitani
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, Gakuen-cho 1-1, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| | - Sayuri Katagiri
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, Gakuen-cho 1-1, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| | - Yusaku Masuhara
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, Gakuen-cho 1-1, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Matsuzaka
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, Gakuen-cho 1-1, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
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45
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Ikariya T. Chemistry ofConcertoMolecular Catalysis Based on the Metal/NH Bifunctionality. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2011. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20100249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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46
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Bifunctional Transition Metal-Based Molecular Catalysts for Asymmetric Syntheses. TOP ORGANOMETAL CHEM 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/3418_2011_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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47
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Fuentes JA, Lebl T, Slawin AMZ, Clarke ML. Synthesis of organocatalysts using non-covalent chemistry; understanding the reactivity of ProNap, an enamine-type organocatalyst that can self assemble with complementary co-catalysts. Chem Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c1sc00299f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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48
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Muñiz K, Lishchynskyi A, Streuff J, Nieger M, Escudero-Adán EC, Belmonte MM. Metal–ligand bifunctional activation and transfer of N–H bonds. Chem Commun (Camb) 2011; 47:4911-3. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cc10999e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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49
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Cross WB, Daly CG, Boutadla Y, Singh K. Variable coordination of amine functionalised N-heterocyclic carbene ligands to Ru, Rh and Ir: C–H and N–H activation and catalytic transfer hydrogenation. Dalton Trans 2011; 40:9722-30. [DOI: 10.1039/c1dt10753d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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50
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Cross WB, Daly CG, Ackerman RL, George IR, Singh K. N-heterocyclic carbene tethered amido complexes of palladium and platinum. Dalton Trans 2011; 40:495-505. [DOI: 10.1039/c0dt01149e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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