1
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Maag PH, Feist F, Frisch H, Roesky PW, Barner-Kowollik C. Förster resonance energy transfer within single chain nanoparticles. Chem Sci 2024; 15:5218-5224. [PMID: 38577362 PMCID: PMC10988607 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc06651g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Single chain nanoparticles (SCNPs) are a highly versatile polymer architecture consisting of single polymer chains that are intramolecularly crosslinked. Currently, SCNPs are discussed as powerful macromolecular architectures for catalysis, delivery and sensors. Herein, we introduce a methodology based on Förster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) to evidence the folding of single polymer chains into SCNPs via fluorescence readout. We initially introduce a molecular FRET pair based on a bimane and nitrobenzoxadiazole (NBD) moiety and study its fluorescence properties in different solvents. We subsequently construct a low dispersity polymer chain carrying NBD units, while exploiting the bimane units for intramolecular chain collapse. Upon chain collapse and SCNP formation - thus bringing bimane and NBD units into close proximity - the SCNPs report their folded state by a strong and unambiguous FRET fluorescence signal. The herein introduced reporting of the folding state of SCNPs solely relies on an optical readout, opening avenues to monitoring SCNP folding without recourse to complex analytical methodologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick H Maag
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology (QUT) 2 George Street QLD 4000 Brisbane Australia
- Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT) 2 George Street QLD 4000 Brisbane Australia
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Engesserstraße 15 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
- Institute of Nanotechnology (INT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
| | - Florian Feist
- Institute of Nanotechnology (INT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
| | - Hendrik Frisch
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology (QUT) 2 George Street QLD 4000 Brisbane Australia
- Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT) 2 George Street QLD 4000 Brisbane Australia
| | - Peter W Roesky
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Engesserstraße 15 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Christopher Barner-Kowollik
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology (QUT) 2 George Street QLD 4000 Brisbane Australia
- Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT) 2 George Street QLD 4000 Brisbane Australia
- Institute of Nanotechnology (INT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
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2
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Maag PH, Feist F, Truong VX, Frisch H, Roesky PW, Barner-Kowollik C. Visible-Light-Induced Control over Reversible Single-Chain Nanoparticle Folding. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202309259. [PMID: 37485591 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202309259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
We introduce a class of single-chain nanoparticles (SCNPs) that respond to visible light (λmax =415 nm) with complete unfolding from their compact structure into linear chain analogues. The initial folding is achieved by a simple esterification reaction of the polymer backbone constituted of acrylic acid and polyethylene glycol carrying monomer units, introducing bimane moieties, which allow for the photochemical unfolding, reversing the ester-bond formation. The compaction and the light driven unfolding proceed cleanly and are readily followed by size exclusion chromatography (SEC) and diffusion ordered NMR spectroscopy (DOSY), monitoring the change in the hydrodynamic radius (RH ). Importantly, the folding reaction and the light-induced unfolding are reversible, supported by the high conversion of the photo cleavage. As the unfolding reaction occurs in aqueous systems, the system holds promise for controlling the unfolding of SCNPs in biological environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick H Maag
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, 4000, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, 4000, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstraße 15, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute of Nanotechnology (INT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Florian Feist
- Institute of Nanotechnology (INT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Vinh X Truong
- Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals, Energy and Environment (ISCE2), Agency for Science, Technology and Re-search (A*STAR), 1 Pesek Road, Jurong Island, Singapore, 627833, Republic of Singapore
| | - Hendrik Frisch
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, 4000, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, 4000, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Peter W Roesky
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstraße 15, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Christopher Barner-Kowollik
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, 4000, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, 4000, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Institute of Nanotechnology (INT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
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3
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Ohtani K, Shimizu K, Takahashi T, Takamura M. Novel Chain-End Modification of Polymer Iodides via Reversible Complexation-Mediated Polymerization with Functionalized Radical Generation Agents. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:2667. [PMID: 37376313 DOI: 10.3390/polym15122667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The modification of polymer chain ends is important in order to produce highly functional polymers. A novel chain-end modification of polymer iodides (Polymer-I) via reversible complexation-mediated polymerization (RCMP) with different functionalized radical generation agents, such as azo compounds and organic peroxides, was developed. This reaction was comprehensively studied for three different polymers, i.e., poly (methyl methacrylate), polystyrene and poly (n-butyl acrylate) (PBA), two different functional azo compounds with aliphatic alkyl and carboxy groups, three different functional diacyl peroxides with aliphatic alkyl, aromatic, and carboxy groups, and one peroxydicarbonate with an aliphatic alkyl group. The reaction mechanism was probed using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). The combination of PBA-I, iodine abstraction catalyst and different functional diacyl peroxides enabled higher chain-end modification to desired moieties from the diacyl peroxide. The dominant key factors for efficiency in this chain-end modification mechanism were the combination rate constant and the amount of radicals generated per unit of time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuya Ohtani
- Department of Organic Materials Science, Graduated School of Organic Materials Science, Yamagata University, 4-3-16 Jonan, Yonezawa 992-8510, Japan
| | - Kanta Shimizu
- Department of Organic Materials Science, Graduated School of Organic Materials Science, Yamagata University, 4-3-16 Jonan, Yonezawa 992-8510, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiro Takahashi
- Department of Organic Materials Science, Graduated School of Organic Materials Science, Yamagata University, 4-3-16 Jonan, Yonezawa 992-8510, Japan
| | - Masumi Takamura
- Yamagata University Inkjet Development Center, 1- 808-48 Arcadia, Yonezawa 992-0119, Japan
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4
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Aguilar NM, Perez-Aguilar JM, González-Coronel VJ, Martínez-Gutiérrez H, Zayas Pérez T, González-Vergara E, Sanchez-Gaytan BL, Soriano-Moro G. Reversible Thermo-Optical Response Nanocomposites Based on RAFT Symmetric Triblock Copolymers (ABA) of Acrylamide and N-Isopropylacrylamide and Gold Nanoparticles. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15081963. [PMID: 37112110 PMCID: PMC10144036 DOI: 10.3390/polym15081963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of composite materials with thermo-optical properties based on smart polymeric systems and nanostructures have been extensively studied. Due to the fact of its ability to self-assemble into a structure that generates a significant change in the refractive index, one of most attractive thermo-responsive polymers is poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM), as well as its derivatives such as multiblock copolymers. In this work, symmetric triblock copolymers of polyacrylamide (PAM) and PNIPAM (PAMx-b-PNIPAMy-b-PAMx) with different block lengths were prepared by reversible addition-fragmentation chain-transfer polymerization (RAFT). The ABA sequence of these triblock copolymers was obtained in only two steps using a symmetrical trithiocarbonate as a transfer agent. The copolymers were combined with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) to prepare nanocomposite materials with tunable optical properties. The results show that copolymers behave differently in solution due to the fact of variations in their composition. Therefore, they have a different impact on the nanoparticle formation process. Likewise, as expected, an increase in the length of the PNIPAM block promotes a better thermo-optical response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nery M Aguilar
- Chemistry Center, Science Institute, Meritorious Autonomous University of Puebla (BUAP), University City, Puebla 72570, Mexico
| | - Jose Manuel Perez-Aguilar
- School of Chemical Sciences, Meritorious Autonomous University of Puebla (BUAP), University City, Puebla 72570, Mexico
| | - Valeria J González-Coronel
- School of Chemical Engineering, Meritorious Autonomous University of Puebla (BUAP), University City, Puebla 72570, Mexico
| | - Hugo Martínez-Gutiérrez
- National Polytechnic Institute (IPN), Center for Nanosciences and Micro and Nanotechnologies, Luis Enrique Erro, Mexico City 07738, Mexico
| | - Teresa Zayas Pérez
- Chemistry Center, Science Institute, Meritorious Autonomous University of Puebla (BUAP), University City, Puebla 72570, Mexico
| | - Enrique González-Vergara
- Chemistry Center, Science Institute, Meritorious Autonomous University of Puebla (BUAP), University City, Puebla 72570, Mexico
| | - Brenda L Sanchez-Gaytan
- Chemistry Center, Science Institute, Meritorious Autonomous University of Puebla (BUAP), University City, Puebla 72570, Mexico
| | - Guillermo Soriano-Moro
- Chemistry Center, Science Institute, Meritorious Autonomous University of Puebla (BUAP), University City, Puebla 72570, Mexico
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5
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Dau H, Jones GR, Tsogtgerel E, Nguyen D, Keyes A, Liu YS, Rauf H, Ordonez E, Puchelle V, Basbug Alhan H, Zhao C, Harth E. Linear Block Copolymer Synthesis. Chem Rev 2022; 122:14471-14553. [PMID: 35960550 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Block copolymers form the basis of the most ubiquitous materials such as thermoplastic elastomers, bridge interphases in polymer blends, and are fundamental for the development of high-performance materials. The driving force to further advance these materials is the accessibility of block copolymers, which have a wide variety in composition, functional group content, and precision of their structure. To advance and broaden the application of block copolymers will depend on the nature of combined segmented blocks, guided through the combination of polymerization techniques to reach a high versatility in block copolymer architecture and function. This review provides the most comprehensive overview of techniques to prepare linear block copolymers and is intended to serve as a guideline on how polymerization techniques can work together to result in desired block combinations. As the review will give an account of the relevant procedures and access areas, the sections will include orthogonal approaches or sequentially combined polymerization techniques, which increases the synthetic options for these materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huong Dau
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Center for Excellence in Chemistry, CEPC, Houston, Texas 77004, United States
| | - Glen R Jones
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Center for Excellence in Chemistry, CEPC, Houston, Texas 77004, United States
| | - Enkhjargal Tsogtgerel
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Center for Excellence in Chemistry, CEPC, Houston, Texas 77004, United States
| | - Dung Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Center for Excellence in Chemistry, CEPC, Houston, Texas 77004, United States
| | - Anthony Keyes
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Center for Excellence in Chemistry, CEPC, Houston, Texas 77004, United States
| | - Yu-Sheng Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Center for Excellence in Chemistry, CEPC, Houston, Texas 77004, United States
| | - Hasaan Rauf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Center for Excellence in Chemistry, CEPC, Houston, Texas 77004, United States
| | - Estela Ordonez
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Center for Excellence in Chemistry, CEPC, Houston, Texas 77004, United States
| | - Valentin Puchelle
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Center for Excellence in Chemistry, CEPC, Houston, Texas 77004, United States
| | - Hatice Basbug Alhan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Center for Excellence in Chemistry, CEPC, Houston, Texas 77004, United States
| | - Chenying Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Center for Excellence in Chemistry, CEPC, Houston, Texas 77004, United States
| | - Eva Harth
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Center for Excellence in Chemistry, CEPC, Houston, Texas 77004, United States
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6
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Farh MK, Gruschwitz FV, Ziegenbalg N, Abul-Futouh H, Görls H, Weigand W, Brendel JC. Dual Function of β-hydroxy Dithiocinnamic Esters: RAFT Agent and Ligand for Metal Complexation. Macromol Rapid Commun 2022; 43:e2200428. [PMID: 35751415 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202200428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The reversible addition-fragmentation chain-transfer (RAFT) process has become a versatile tool for the preparation of defined polymers tolerating a large variety of functional groups. Several dithioesters, trithiocarbonates, xanthates, or dithiocarbamates have been developed as effective chain transfer agents (CTA), but only few examples have been reported, where the resulting end groups are directly considered for a secondary use besides controlling the polymerization. We here demonstrate that β-hydroxy dithiocinnamic esters represent a hitherto overlooked class of materials, which were originally designed for the complexation of transition metals but might as well act as reversible CTA. Modified with a suitable leaving group (R-group), these vinyl conjugated dithioesters indeed provide reasonable control over the polymerization of acrylates, acrylamides, or styrene via the RAFT process. Kinetic studies revealed linear evolutions of molar mass with conversion, while different substituents on the aromatic unit had only a minor influence. Block extensions prove the livingness of the polymer chains, although extended polymerization times may lead to side reactions. The resulting dithiocinnamic ester end groups are still able to form complexes with platinum, which verifies that the structural integrity of the end group is maintained. These findings open a versatile new route to tailor-made polymer bound metal complexes. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micheal K Farh
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry (IAAC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstraße 8, 07743, Jena, Germany.,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, 71515, Egypt.,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, The Hashemite University, P.O. Box 330127, Zarqa, 13133, Jordan
| | - Franka V Gruschwitz
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstraße 10, 07743, Jena, Germany.,Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Nicole Ziegenbalg
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstraße 10, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Hassan Abul-Futouh
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, The Hashemite University, P.O. Box 330127, Zarqa, 13133, Jordan
| | - Helmar Görls
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry (IAAC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstraße 8, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Weigand
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry (IAAC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstraße 8, 07743, Jena, Germany.,Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Johannes C Brendel
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstraße 10, 07743, Jena, Germany.,Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743, Jena, Germany
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7
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A Photoinduced Dual‐Wavelength Approach for 3D Printing and Self‐Healing of Thermosetting Materials. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202114111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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8
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Zhou D, Zhu LW, Wu BH, Xu ZK, Wan LS. End-functionalized polymers by controlled/living radical polymerizations: synthesis and applications. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py01252e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
This review focuses on end-functionalized polymers synthesized by controlled/living radical polymerizations and the applications in fields including bioconjugate formation, surface modification, topology construction, and self-assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Zhou
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, MOE Engineering Research Center of Membrane and Water Treatment Technology, and Key Laboratory of Adsorption and Separation Materials & Technologies of Zhejiang Province, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Liang-Wei Zhu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, MOE Engineering Research Center of Membrane and Water Treatment Technology, and Key Laboratory of Adsorption and Separation Materials & Technologies of Zhejiang Province, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Bai-Heng Wu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, MOE Engineering Research Center of Membrane and Water Treatment Technology, and Key Laboratory of Adsorption and Separation Materials & Technologies of Zhejiang Province, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Zhi-Kang Xu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, MOE Engineering Research Center of Membrane and Water Treatment Technology, and Key Laboratory of Adsorption and Separation Materials & Technologies of Zhejiang Province, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Ling-Shu Wan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, MOE Engineering Research Center of Membrane and Water Treatment Technology, and Key Laboratory of Adsorption and Separation Materials & Technologies of Zhejiang Province, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
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9
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Zhang Z, Corrigan N, Boyer C. A Photoinduced Dual-Wavelength Approach for 3D Printing and Self-Healing of Thermosetting Materials. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 61:e202114111. [PMID: 34859952 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202114111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Vat photopolymerization-based 3D printing techniques have been widely used to produce high-resolution 3D thermosetting materials. However, the lack of repairability of these thermosets leads to the production of waste. In this study, reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) agents are incorporated into resin formulations to allow visible light (405 nm) mediated 3D printing of materials with self-healing capabilities. The self-healing process is based on the reactivation of RAFT agent embedded in the thermosets under UV light (365 nm), which enables reformation of the polymeric network. The self-healing process can be performed at room temperature without prior deoxygenation. The impact of the type and concentration of RAFT agents in the polymer network on the healing efficiency is explored. Resins containing RAFT agents enable 3D printing of thermosets with self-healing properties, broadening the scope of future applications for polymeric thermosets in various fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiheng Zhang
- Cluster for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Nathaniel Corrigan
- Cluster for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD) and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Cyrille Boyer
- Cluster for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD) and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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10
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Oishi E, Takamura M, Takahashi T. Removal of Trithiocarbonyl End Group of RAFT-Polymerized Poly(stearyl acrylate) and Effect of the End Group on Thermal and Structural Properties. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13234169. [PMID: 34883670 PMCID: PMC8659507 DOI: 10.3390/polym13234169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of a long alkyl end group on the thermal and structural properties of RAFT (reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer)-polymerized poly(stearyl acrylate) (PSA) was investigated. RAFT-polymerized PSA was prepared using 2-cyano-2-[(dodecylsulfanylthiocarbonyl) sulfanyl] propane (CDTP) with long alkyl group as a chain transfer agent and azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) as an initiator. The RAFT polymerization resulted in the polymerized structure having trithiocarbonyl (TTC) at one end and isobutyronitrile at the other end. RAFT-polymerized PSA was prepared with two different molecular weights. The TTC end group was replaced by isobutyronitrile using radical reaction with AIBN through optimization of the conditions, which resulted in isobutyronitrile at both ends. The effect of the end group on the thermal and structural properties was investigated using differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray diffraction, and the results indicated that the long alkyl group from TTC lowers the melting point and semi-crystalline structure in the case of low molecular weight PSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eri Oishi
- Department of Organic Materials Science, Graduated School of Organic Materials Science, Yamagata University, 4-3-16 Jonan, Yonezawa 992-8510, Yamagata, Japan;
| | - Masumi Takamura
- Open Innovation Platform, Yamagata University, 4-3-16 Jonan, Yonezawa 992-8510, Yamagata, Japan;
| | - Tatsuhiro Takahashi
- Department of Organic Materials Science, Graduated School of Organic Materials Science, Yamagata University, 4-3-16 Jonan, Yonezawa 992-8510, Yamagata, Japan;
- Correspondence:
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11
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A comparison of RAFT and ATRP methods for controlled radical polymerization. Nat Rev Chem 2021; 5:859-869. [PMID: 37117386 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-021-00328-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Reversible addition-fragmentation chain-transfer (RAFT) polymerization and atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) are the two most common controlled radical polymerization methods. Both methods afford functional polymers with a predefined length, composition, dispersity and end group. Further, RAFT and ATRP tame radicals by reversibly converting active polymeric radicals into dormant chains. However, the mechanisms by which the ATRP and RAFT methods control chain growth are distinct, so each method presents unique opportunities and challenges, depending on the desired application. This Perspective compares RAFT and ATRP by identifying their mechanistic strengths and weaknesses, and their latest synthetic applications.
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12
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Robles Grana AL, Maldonado-Textle H, Torres-Lubián JR, St Thomas C, Díaz de León R, Olivares-Romero JL, Valencia L, Enríquez-Medrano FJ. Controlled (Co)Polymerization of Methacrylates Using a Novel Symmetrical Trithiocarbonate RAFT Agent Bearing Diphenylmethyl Groups. Molecules 2021; 26:4618. [PMID: 34361771 PMCID: PMC8347122 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26154618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein, we report a novel type of symmetrical trithiocarbonate chain transfer agent (CTA) based diphenylmethyl as R groups. The utilization of this CTA in the Reversible Addition-Fragmentation chain Transfer (RAFT) process reveals an efficient control in the polymerization of methacrylic monomers and the preparation of block copolymers. The latter are obtained by the (co)polymerization of styrene or butyl acrylate using a functionalized macro-CTA polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) previously synthesized. Data show low molecular weight dispersity values (Đ < 1.5) particularly in the polymerization of methacrylic monomers. Considering a typical RAFT mechanism, the leaving groups (R) from the fragmentation of CTA should be able to re-initiate the polymerization (formation of growth chains) allowing an efficient control of the process. Nevertheless, in the case of the polymerization of MMA in the presence of this symmetrical CTA, the polymerization process displays an atypical behavior that requires high [initiator]/[CTA] molar ratios for accessing predictable molecular weights without affecting the Đ. Some evidence suggests that this does not completely behave as a common RAFT agent as it is not completely consumed during the polymerization reaction, and it needs atypical high molar ratios [initiator]/[CTA] to be closer to the predicted molecular weight without affecting the Đ. This work demonstrates that MMA and other methacrylic monomers can be polymerized in a controlled way, and with "living" characteristics, using certain symmetrical trithiocarbonates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvaro Leonel Robles Grana
- Centro de Investigación en Química Aplicada, Enrique Reyna Hermosillo, No. 140, Col. San José de los Cerritos, Saltillo 25294, Mexico; (A.L.R.G.); (H.M.-T.); (J.R.T.-L.); (R.D.d.L.)
| | - Hortensia Maldonado-Textle
- Centro de Investigación en Química Aplicada, Enrique Reyna Hermosillo, No. 140, Col. San José de los Cerritos, Saltillo 25294, Mexico; (A.L.R.G.); (H.M.-T.); (J.R.T.-L.); (R.D.d.L.)
| | - José Román Torres-Lubián
- Centro de Investigación en Química Aplicada, Enrique Reyna Hermosillo, No. 140, Col. San José de los Cerritos, Saltillo 25294, Mexico; (A.L.R.G.); (H.M.-T.); (J.R.T.-L.); (R.D.d.L.)
| | - Claude St Thomas
- CONACyT-Centro de Investigación en Química Aplicada, Enrique Reyna Hermosillo, No. 140, Col. San José de los Cerritos, Saltillo 25294, Mexico;
| | - Ramón Díaz de León
- Centro de Investigación en Química Aplicada, Enrique Reyna Hermosillo, No. 140, Col. San José de los Cerritos, Saltillo 25294, Mexico; (A.L.R.G.); (H.M.-T.); (J.R.T.-L.); (R.D.d.L.)
| | - José Luis Olivares-Romero
- Red de Estudios Moleculares Avanzados, Clúster Científico y Tecnológico BioMimic, Campus III, Instituto de Ecología, Xalapa 91073, Mexico;
| | - Luis Valencia
- Biofiber Tech Sweden AB, Norrsken Hourse, Birger Jarlsgatan 57 C, SE-113 56 Stockholm, Sweden;
| | - Francisco Javier Enríquez-Medrano
- Centro de Investigación en Química Aplicada, Enrique Reyna Hermosillo, No. 140, Col. San José de los Cerritos, Saltillo 25294, Mexico; (A.L.R.G.); (H.M.-T.); (J.R.T.-L.); (R.D.d.L.)
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13
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Irshadeen IM, De Bruycker K, Micallef AS, Walden SL, Frisch H, Barner-Kowollik C. Green light LED activated ligation of a scalable, versatile chalcone chromophore. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py00533b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Herein we present a photoreactive chalcone moiety that can be synthesized at a scale of several grams with ease, and can efficiently undergo a [2 + 2] photocycloaddition with light close to 500 nm as determined by an action plot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishrath Mohamed Irshadeen
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
- Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
| | - Kevin De Bruycker
- Polymer Chemistry Research Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S4, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
| | - Aaron S. Micallef
- Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
| | - Sarah L. Walden
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
- Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
| | - Hendrik Frisch
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
- Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
| | - Christopher Barner-Kowollik
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
- Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
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14
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Guimarães TR, Delafresnaye L, Zhou D, Barner-Kowollik C, Zetterlund PB. Multisegmented polymers via step-growth and RAFT miniemulsion polymerization. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py01163d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report a method to efficiently prepare multisegmented polymers via a combination of step-growth (SG) and reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago R. Guimarães
- Cluster for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Laura Delafresnaye
- Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
| | - Dewen Zhou
- Cluster for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Christopher Barner-Kowollik
- Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
| | - Per B. Zetterlund
- Cluster for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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15
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Plucinski A, Willersinn J, Lira RB, Dimova R, Schmidt BVKJ. Aggregation and Crosslinking of Poly(
N,N
‐dimethylacrylamide)‐
b
‐pullulan Double Hydrophilic Block Copolymers. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.202000053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Plucinski
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces Am Mühlenberg 1 Potsdam 14476 Germany
- School of ChemistryUniversity of Glasgow Glasgow G12 8QQ UK
| | - Jochen Willersinn
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces Am Mühlenberg 1 Potsdam 14476 Germany
| | - Rafael B. Lira
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces Am Mühlenberg 1 Potsdam 14476 Germany
- Moleculaire BiofysicaZernike Instituut Rijksuniversiteit Groningen Groningen Netherlands
| | - Rumiana Dimova
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces Am Mühlenberg 1 Potsdam 14476 Germany
| | - Bernhard V. K. J. Schmidt
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces Am Mühlenberg 1 Potsdam 14476 Germany
- School of ChemistryUniversity of Glasgow Glasgow G12 8QQ UK
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16
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Engelke J, Tuten BT, Schweins R, Komber H, Barner L, Plüschke L, Barner-Kowollik C, Lederer A. An in-depth analysis approach enabling precision single chain nanoparticle design. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py01045f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of single chain nanoparticles (SCNPs) is a vibrant field in macromolecular science. However, to achieve an in-depth understanding of the nature of intramolecular polymer folding, a step-change in the methodologies for SCNP analysis is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Engelke
- School of Chemistry and Physics
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT)
- Brisbane
- Australia
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden
| | - Bryan T. Tuten
- School of Chemistry and Physics
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT)
- Brisbane
- Australia
- Centre for Materials Science
| | - Ralf Schweins
- Institut Laue-Langevin
- DS/LSS
- CS 20 156
- 38042 Grenoble CEDEX 9
- France
| | - Hartmut Komber
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden
- 01069 Dresden
- Germany
| | - Leonie Barner
- School of Chemistry and Physics
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT)
- Brisbane
- Australia
- Centre for Materials Science
| | - Laura Plüschke
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden
- 01069 Dresden
- Germany
- School of Science
- Technische Universität Dresden
| | - Christopher Barner-Kowollik
- School of Chemistry and Physics
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT)
- Brisbane
- Australia
- Centre for Materials Science
| | - Albena Lederer
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden
- 01069 Dresden
- Germany
- School of Science
- Technische Universität Dresden
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17
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Reyhani A, Ranji-Burachaloo H, McKenzie TG, Fu Q, Qiao GG. Heterogeneously Catalyzed Fenton-Reversible Addition–Fragmentation Chain Transfer Polymerization in the Presence of Air. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b00038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amin Reyhani
- Polymer Science Group, Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Hadi Ranji-Burachaloo
- Polymer Science Group, Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Thomas G. McKenzie
- Polymer Science Group, Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Qiang Fu
- Polymer Science Group, Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Greg G. Qiao
- Polymer Science Group, Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
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18
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Hu J, Wang W, Zhou B, Feng Y, Xie X, Xue Z. Poly(ethylene oxide)-based composite polymer electrolytes embedding with ionic bond modified nanoparticles for all-solid-state lithium-ion battery. J Memb Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2019.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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19
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López-Pérez L, Maldonado-Textle H, Elizalde-Herrera LE, Telles-Padilla JG, Guerrero-Santos R, Collins S, Jiménez-Regalado EJ, St Thomas C. Methylation of poly(acrylic acid), prepared using RAFT polymerization, with trimethylsilyldiazomethane: A metamorphosis of the thiocarbonyl group to a thiol-end group. POLYMER 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2019.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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20
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Jovic K, Nitsche T, Lang C, Blinco JP, De Bruycker K, Barner-Kowollik C. Hyphenation of size-exclusion chromatography to mass spectrometry for precision polymer analysis – a tutorial review. Polym Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9py00370c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Herein we demonstrate how SEC-ESI-MS can be used to analyze complex polymers, a significant challenge in contemporary polymer chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Jovic
- School of Chemistry
- Physics and Mechanical Engineering
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT)
- Brisbane
- Australia
| | - Tobias Nitsche
- School of Chemistry
- Physics and Mechanical Engineering
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT)
- Brisbane
- Australia
| | - Christiane Lang
- School of Chemistry
- Physics and Mechanical Engineering
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT)
- Brisbane
- Australia
| | - James P. Blinco
- School of Chemistry
- Physics and Mechanical Engineering
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT)
- Brisbane
- Australia
| | - Kevin De Bruycker
- School of Chemistry
- Physics and Mechanical Engineering
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT)
- Brisbane
- Australia
| | - Christopher Barner-Kowollik
- School of Chemistry
- Physics and Mechanical Engineering
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT)
- Brisbane
- Australia
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21
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Guo X, Choi B, Feng A, Thang SH. Polymer Synthesis with More Than One Form of Living Polymerization Method. Macromol Rapid Commun 2018; 39:e1800479. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201800479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Guo
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Material Science and Engineering; Beijing University of Chemical Technology; Beijing 100029 China
| | - Bonnie Choi
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Material Science and Engineering; Beijing University of Chemical Technology; Beijing 100029 China
| | - Anchao Feng
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Material Science and Engineering; Beijing University of Chemical Technology; Beijing 100029 China
| | - San H. Thang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Material Science and Engineering; Beijing University of Chemical Technology; Beijing 100029 China
- School of Chemistry; Monash University; Clayton Campus VIC 3800 Australia
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22
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Eggers S, Abetz V. Hydroperoxide Traces in Common Cyclic Ethers as Initiators for Controlled RAFT Polymerizations. Macromol Rapid Commun 2018; 39:e1700683. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201700683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Eggers
- Department of Physical Chemistry; University of Hamburg; Grindelallee 117 20146 Hamburg Germany
| | - Volker Abetz
- Department of Physical Chemistry; University of Hamburg; Grindelallee 117 20146 Hamburg Germany
- Institute of Polymer Research; Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht; Max-Planck-Straße 1 21502 Geesthacht Germany
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23
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Boase NRB, Torres MDT, Fletcher NL, de la Fuente-Nunez C, Fairfull-Smith KE. Polynitroxide copolymers to reduce biofilm fouling on surfaces. Polym Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8py01101j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Polynitroxide films – the first example of surface tethered nitroxides reducing biofilm fouling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan R. B. Boase
- School of Chemistry
- Physics and Mechanical Engineering
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT)
- Brisbane
- Australia
| | - Marcelo D. T. Torres
- Synthetic Biology Group
- MIT Synthetic Biology Center
- Department of Biological Engineering and Electrical Engineering & Computer Science
- Research Laboratory of Electronics
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology
| | - Nicholas L. Fletcher
- Centre for Advanced Imaging
- University of Queensland
- St Lucia
- Australia
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology
| | - Cesar de la Fuente-Nunez
- Synthetic Biology Group
- MIT Synthetic Biology Center
- Department of Biological Engineering and Electrical Engineering & Computer Science
- Research Laboratory of Electronics
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology
| | - Kathryn E. Fairfull-Smith
- School of Chemistry
- Physics and Mechanical Engineering
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT)
- Brisbane
- Australia
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24
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Yildirim T, Matthäus C, Press AT, Schubert S, Bauer M, Popp J, Schubert US. Uptake of Retinoic Acid-Modified PMMA Nanoparticles in LX-2 and Liver Tissue by Raman Imaging and Intravital Microscopy. Macromol Biosci 2017; 17. [DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201700064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Turgay Yildirim
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC); Friedrich Schiller University Jena; Humboldtstr. 10 07743 Jena Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM); Friedrich Schiller University Jena; Philosophenweg 7 07743 Jena Germany
| | - Christian Matthäus
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM); Friedrich Schiller University Jena; Philosophenweg 7 07743 Jena Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT); Albert-Einstein-Straße 9 07745 Jena Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics; Friedrich Schiller University Jena; Helmholtzweg 4 07743 Jena Germany
| | - Adrian T. Press
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM); Friedrich Schiller University Jena; Philosophenweg 7 07743 Jena Germany
- Jena University Hospital; Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine; Am Klinikum 1 07747 Jena Germany
| | - Stephanie Schubert
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM); Friedrich Schiller University Jena; Philosophenweg 7 07743 Jena Germany
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology; Institute of Pharmacy; Friedrich Schiller University Jena; Otto-Schott-Str. 41 07745 Jena Germany
| | - Michael Bauer
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM); Friedrich Schiller University Jena; Philosophenweg 7 07743 Jena Germany
- Jena University Hospital; Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine; Am Klinikum 1 07747 Jena Germany
| | - Jürgen Popp
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM); Friedrich Schiller University Jena; Philosophenweg 7 07743 Jena Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT); Albert-Einstein-Straße 9 07745 Jena Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics; Friedrich Schiller University Jena; Helmholtzweg 4 07743 Jena Germany
| | - Ulrich S. Schubert
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC); Friedrich Schiller University Jena; Humboldtstr. 10 07743 Jena Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM); Friedrich Schiller University Jena; Philosophenweg 7 07743 Jena Germany
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25
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Chernikova EV, Sivtsov EV. Reversible addition-fragmentation chain-transfer polymerization: Fundamentals and use in practice. POLYMER SCIENCE SERIES B 2017. [DOI: 10.1134/s1560090417020038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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26
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Reyhani A, McKenzie TG, Ranji-Burachaloo H, Fu Q, Qiao GG. Fenton-RAFT Polymerization: An "On-Demand" Chain-Growth Method. Chemistry 2017; 23:7221-7226. [PMID: 28382790 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201701410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Fine control over the architecture and/or microstructure of synthetic polymers is fast becoming a reality owing to the development of efficient and versatile polymerization techniques and conjugation reactions. However, the transition of these syntheses to automated, programmable, and high-throughput operating systems is a challenging step needed to translate the vast potential of precision polymers into machine-programmable polymers for biological and functional applications. Chain-growth polymerizations are particularly appealing for their ability to form structurally and chemically well-defined macromolecules through living/controlled polymerization techniques. Even using the latest polymerization technologies, the macromolecular engineering of complex functional materials often requires multi-step syntheses and purification of intermediates, and results in sub-optimal yields. To develop a proof-of-concept of a framework polymerization technique that is readily amenable to automation requires several key characteristics. In this study, a new approach is described that is believed to meet these requirements, thus opening avenues toward automated polymer synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Reyhani
- Polymer Science Group, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Thomas G McKenzie
- Polymer Science Group, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Hadi Ranji-Burachaloo
- Polymer Science Group, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Qiang Fu
- Polymer Science Group, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Greg G Qiao
- Polymer Science Group, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
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27
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Polymer architectures via mass spectrometry and hyphenated techniques: A review. Anal Chim Acta 2016; 932:1-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2016.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Revised: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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28
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Zhang X, Jiang J, Zhang Y. Liquid-phase catalytic thermal cleavage of thiocarbonylthio end-groups for polymers synthesized by RAFT polymerization: Influences of different solvents. J Appl Polym Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/app.43992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolei Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Energy; Zhengzhou University; Zhengzhou 450001 China
| | - Junqing Jiang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Energy; Zhengzhou University; Zhengzhou 450001 China
| | - Yanwu Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Energy; Zhengzhou University; Zhengzhou 450001 China
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29
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Steinkoenig J, Bloesser FR, Huber B, Welle A, Trouillet V, Weidner SM, Barner L, Roesky PW, Yuan J, Goldmann AS, Barner-Kowollik C. Controlled radical polymerization and in-depth mass-spectrometric characterization of poly(ionic liquid)s and their photopatterning on surfaces. Polym Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5py01320h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Poly(ionic liquid)s (PILs) bearing a polystyrene backbone preparedviaRAFT polymerization and their photolithographic patterning on silicon wafers is reported.
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30
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Hirschbiel AF, Schmidt BVKJ, Krolla-Sidenstein P, Blinco JP, Barner-Kowollik C. Photochemical Design of Stimuli-Responsive Nanoparticles Prepared by Supramolecular Host–Guest Chemistry. Macromolecules 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b00923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Astrid F. Hirschbiel
- Preparative
Macromolecular Chemistry, Institut für Technische Chemie und
Polymerchemie (ITCP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr. 18, 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | | | | | - James P. Blinco
- School
of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George St., 4001 Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Christopher Barner-Kowollik
- Preparative
Macromolecular Chemistry, Institut für Technische Chemie und
Polymerchemie (ITCP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr. 18, 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
- School
of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George St., 4001 Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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31
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Veloso A, García W, Agirre A, Ballard N, Ruipérez F, de la Cal JC, Asua JM. Determining the effect of side reactions on product distributions in RAFT polymerization by MALDI-TOF MS. Polym Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5py00838g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
RAFT polymerization has emerged as one of the most versatile reversible deactivation radical polymerization techniques and is capable of polymerizing a wide range of monomers under various conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Veloso
- POLYMAT
- University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU
- Joxe Mari Korta R&D Ctr
- Donostia-San Sebastián 20018
- Spain
| | - Wendy García
- POLYMAT
- University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU
- Joxe Mari Korta R&D Ctr
- Donostia-San Sebastián 20018
- Spain
| | - Amaia Agirre
- POLYMAT
- University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU
- Joxe Mari Korta R&D Ctr
- Donostia-San Sebastián 20018
- Spain
| | - Nicholas Ballard
- POLYMAT
- University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU
- Joxe Mari Korta R&D Ctr
- Donostia-San Sebastián 20018
- Spain
| | - Fernando Ruipérez
- POLYMAT
- University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU
- Joxe Mari Korta R&D Ctr
- Donostia-San Sebastián 20018
- Spain
| | - José C. de la Cal
- POLYMAT
- University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU
- Joxe Mari Korta R&D Ctr
- Donostia-San Sebastián 20018
- Spain
| | - José M. Asua
- POLYMAT
- University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU
- Joxe Mari Korta R&D Ctr
- Donostia-San Sebastián 20018
- Spain
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32
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Hornung CH, von Känel K, Martinez-Botella I, Espiritu M, Nguyen X, Postma A, Saubern S, Chiefari J, Thang SH. Continuous Flow Aminolysis of RAFT Polymers Using Multistep Processing and Inline Analysis. Macromolecules 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ma501628f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Karin von Känel
- CSIRO Manufacturing Flagship, Bag 33, Clayton
South, Victoria 3169, Australia
| | | | - Maria Espiritu
- CSIRO Manufacturing Flagship, Bag 33, Clayton
South, Victoria 3169, Australia
| | - Xuan Nguyen
- CSIRO Manufacturing Flagship, Bag 33, Clayton
South, Victoria 3169, Australia
| | - Almar Postma
- CSIRO Manufacturing Flagship, Bag 33, Clayton
South, Victoria 3169, Australia
| | - Simon Saubern
- CSIRO Manufacturing Flagship, Bag 33, Clayton
South, Victoria 3169, Australia
| | - John Chiefari
- CSIRO Manufacturing Flagship, Bag 33, Clayton
South, Victoria 3169, Australia
| | - San H. Thang
- CSIRO Manufacturing Flagship, Bag 33, Clayton
South, Victoria 3169, Australia
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33
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Schmidt BVKJ, Barner-Kowollik C. Living Radical Polymerization of Ethylene: A Challenge Overcome? ChemCatChem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201402456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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34
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Demirci S, Celebioglu A, Uyar T. Surface modification of electrospun cellulose acetate nanofibers via RAFT polymerization for DNA adsorption. Carbohydr Polym 2014; 113:200-7. [PMID: 25256476 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.06.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2014] [Revised: 06/22/2014] [Accepted: 06/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
We report on a facile and robust method by which surface of electrospun cellulose acetate (CA) nanofibers can be chemically modified with cationic polymer brushes for DNA adsorption. The surface of CA nanofibers was functionalized by growing poly[(ar-vinylbenzyl)trimethylammonium chloride)] [poly(VBTAC)] brushes through a multi-step chemical sequence that ensures retention of mechanically robust nanofibers. Initially, the surface of the CA nanofibers was modified with RAFT chain transfer agent. Poly(VBTAC) brushes were then prepared via RAFT-mediated polymerization from the nanofiber surface. DNA adsorption capacity of CA nanofibrous web surface functionalized with cationic poly(VBTAC) brushes was demonstrated. The reusability of these webs was investigated by measuring the adsorption capacity for target DNA in a cyclic manner. In brief, CA nanofibers surface-modified with cationic polymer brushes can be suitable as membrane materials for filtration, purification, and/or separation processes for DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serkan Demirci
- UNAM-National Nanotechnology Research Center, Bilkent University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Amasya University, 05100 Amasya, Turkey.
| | - Asli Celebioglu
- UNAM-National Nanotechnology Research Center, Bilkent University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey; Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Tamer Uyar
- UNAM-National Nanotechnology Research Center, Bilkent University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey; Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey.
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35
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Chirowodza H, Hartmann PC, Pasch H. Surface-Initiated RAFT Polymerization of Clay Nanoparticles with Polystyrene: New Insights Using MALDI-TOF MS and1H NMR. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201400013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Helen Chirowodza
- Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science; University of Stellenbosch; Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602 Stellenbosch South Africa
| | - Patrice C. Hartmann
- Mpact Paper, Department of Forest and Wood Science; University of Stellenbosch; Paul Sauer Building, Bosman Street 7599 Stellenbosch South Africa
| | - Harald Pasch
- Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science; University of Stellenbosch; Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602 Stellenbosch South Africa
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36
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Hornung CH, Postma A, Saubern S, Chiefari J. Sequential flow process for the controlled polymerisation and thermolysis of RAFT-synthesised polymers. POLYMER 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2014.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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37
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Wu Y, Zhou Y, Zhu J, Zhang W, Pan X, Zhang Z, Zhu X. Fast conversion of terminal thiocarbonylthio groups of RAFT polymers to “clickable” thiol groups via versatile sodium azide. Polym Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4py00732h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A facile and fast way of converting thiocarbonylthio end groups of RAFT polymers to thiol groups was demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
- Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yanyan Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
- Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Jian Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
- Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
- Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Xiangqiang Pan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
- Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Zhengbiao Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
- Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Xiulin Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
- Suzhou 215123, China
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38
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Shim J, Kim DG, Lee JH, Baik JH, Lee JC. Synthesis and properties of organic/inorganic hybrid branched-graft copolymers and their application to solid-state electrolytes for high-temperature lithium-ion batteries. Polym Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4py00123k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A series of organic/inorganic hybrid branched-graft copolymers (BCPs) were synthesized via RAFT polymerization for application to solid polymer electrolyte materials in high-temperature lithium-ion batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimin Shim
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Institute of Chemical Processes
- Seoul National University
- Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Gyun Kim
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Institute of Chemical Processes
- Seoul National University
- Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Hong Lee
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Institute of Chemical Processes
- Seoul National University
- Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hoon Baik
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Institute of Chemical Processes
- Seoul National University
- Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Chan Lee
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Institute of Chemical Processes
- Seoul National University
- Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
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39
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Wu Y, Zhao J, Zhang X, Zhu J, Zhang W, Zhang Z, Zhu X. Zero-valent metal catalyzed removal of thiocarbonylthio end groups from RAFT-made polystyrene: producing controllable bimodal molecular weight distribution. Polym Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3py01327h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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40
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Bode S, Enke M, Görls H, Hoeppener S, Weberskirch R, Hager MD, Schubert US. Blocked isocyanates: an efficient tool for post-polymerization modification of polymers. Polym Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3py01360j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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41
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Schmidt BVKJ, Barner-Kowollik C. Supramolecular X- and H-shaped star block copolymers via cyclodextrin-driven supramolecular self-assembly. Polym Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3py01580g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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42
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Moad G. Mechanism and Kinetics of Dithiobenzoate-Mediated RAFT Polymerization - Status of the Dilemma. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201300562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Graeme Moad
- CSIRO Materials Science and Engineering; Bag 10 Clayton South VIC 3169 Australia
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43
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44
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Photo-initiated thiol-ene “click” hydrogels from RAFT-synthesized poly(N
-isopropylacrylamide). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.26883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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45
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Schmid C, Falkenhagen J, Beskers TF, Nguyen LTT, Wilhelm M, Du Prez FE, Barner-Kowollik C. Multi-Block Polyurethanes via RAFT End-Group Switching and Their Characterization by Advanced Hyphenated Techniques. Macromolecules 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/ma301117k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Christina Schmid
- Preparative Macromolecular Chemistry,
Institut für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstrasse
18, 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Jana Falkenhagen
- BAM, Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Richard-Willstaetter-Strasse
11, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Timo F. Beskers
- Polymeric Materials, Institut
für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstrasse 18, 76128
Karlsruhe, Germany
- PSS Polymer Standards Service GmbH, In der Dalheimer Wiese 5, D-55120 Mainz,
Germany
| | - Le-Thu T. Nguyen
- Polymer Chemistry
Research Group,
Department of Organic Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Manfred Wilhelm
- Polymeric Materials, Institut
für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstrasse 18, 76128
Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Filip E. Du Prez
- Polymer Chemistry
Research Group,
Department of Organic Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Christopher Barner-Kowollik
- Preparative Macromolecular Chemistry,
Institut für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstrasse
18, 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
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46
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Zorn AM, Barner-Kowollik C. Transformation of macromonomers into ring-opening polymerization macroinitiators: A detailed initiation efficiency study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.26011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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47
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Moad G, Rizzardo E, Thang SH. Living Radical Polymerization by the RAFT Process – A Third Update. Aust J Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1071/ch12295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 825] [Impact Index Per Article: 68.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This paper provides a third update to the review of reversible deactivation radical polymerization (RDRP) achieved with thiocarbonylthio compounds (ZC(=S)SR) by a mechanism of reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) that was published in June 2005 (Aust. J. Chem. 2005, 58, 379). The first update was published in November 2006 (Aust. J. Chem. 2006, 59, 669) and the second in December 2009 (Aust. J. Chem. 2009, 62, 1402). This review cites over 700 publications that appeared during the period mid 2009 to early 2012 covering various aspects of RAFT polymerization which include reagent synthesis and properties, kinetics and mechanism of polymerization, novel polymer syntheses, and a diverse range of applications. This period has witnessed further significant developments, particularly in the areas of novel RAFT agents, techniques for end-group transformation, the production of micro/nanoparticles and modified surfaces, and biopolymer conjugates both for therapeutic and diagnostic applications.
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48
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Dürr CJ, Emmerling SGJ, Lederhose P, Kaiser A, Brandau S, Klimpel M, Barner-Kowollik C. High molecular weight acrylonitrile–butadiene architectures via a combination of RAFT polymerization and orthogonal copper mediated azide–alkyne cycloaddition. Polym Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2py00547f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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49
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Schmid C, Weidner S, Falkenhagen J, Barner-Kowollik C. In-Depth LCCC-(GELC)-SEC Characterization of ABA Block Copolymers Generated by a Mechanistic Switch from RAFT to ROP. Macromolecules 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/ma2022452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christina Schmid
- Preparative Macromolecular Chemistry, Institut
für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr. 18, 76128
Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Steffen Weidner
- BAM, Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Richard-Willstaetter-Strasse 11, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jana Falkenhagen
- BAM, Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Richard-Willstaetter-Strasse 11, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christopher Barner-Kowollik
- Preparative Macromolecular Chemistry, Institut
für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr. 18, 76128
Karlsruhe, Germany
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50
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Zhou Y, He J, Li C, Hong L, Yang Y. Dependence of Thermal Stability on Molecular Structure of RAFT/MADIX Agents: A Kinetic and Mechanistic Study. Macromolecules 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/ma201570f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanwu Zhou
- The State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Junpo He
- The State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Changxi Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Linxiang Hong
- The State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yuliang Yang
- The State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
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