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Krasley A, Li E, Galeana JM, Bulumulla C, Beyene AG, Demirer GS. Carbon Nanomaterial Fluorescent Probes and Their Biological Applications. Chem Rev 2024; 124:3085-3185. [PMID: 38478064 PMCID: PMC10979413 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Fluorescent carbon nanomaterials have broadly useful chemical and photophysical attributes that are conducive to applications in biology. In this review, we focus on materials whose photophysics allow for the use of these materials in biomedical and environmental applications, with emphasis on imaging, biosensing, and cargo delivery. The review focuses primarily on graphitic carbon nanomaterials including graphene and its derivatives, carbon nanotubes, as well as carbon dots and carbon nanohoops. Recent advances in and future prospects of these fields are discussed at depth, and where appropriate, references to reviews pertaining to older literature are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew
T. Krasley
- Janelia
Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, 19700 Helix Drive, Ashburn, Virginia 20147, United States
| | - Eugene Li
- Division
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California
Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Boulevard, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Jesus M. Galeana
- Division
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California
Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Boulevard, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Chandima Bulumulla
- Janelia
Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, 19700 Helix Drive, Ashburn, Virginia 20147, United States
| | - Abraham G. Beyene
- Janelia
Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, 19700 Helix Drive, Ashburn, Virginia 20147, United States
| | - Gozde S. Demirer
- Division
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California
Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Boulevard, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
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2
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Elhamdi I, Mselmi F, Souissi H, Kammoun S, Dhahri E, Sanguino P, Costa BFO. Summerfield scaling model and electrical conductivity study for understanding transport mechanisms of a Cr 3+ substituted ZnAl 2O 4 ceramic. RSC Adv 2023; 13:3377-3393. [PMID: 36756455 PMCID: PMC9870044 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra07701a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Solid-state and sol-gel procedures were used to prepare ZnAl1.95Cr0.05O4 nanocrystal spinels. From the results obtained by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), it can be concluded that the samples prepared by sol-gel synthesis are better crystallized than the ones resulting from the solid-state method. Studies by spectroscopy of impedance were done in function of frequency (40-107 Hz) and temperature (540-680 K) in the sample prepared by sol-gel synthesis. The electrical conductivity spectra obey Jonscher's law and two models were observed studying the variation of the exponent 's' as a function of temperature, Correlated Barrier Hopping (CBH) and Non-overlapping Small Polaron Tunnelling (NSPT). The predominant conduction mechanism is bipolaron hopping. The scaling behavior of conductivity spectra was checked by Summerfield scaling laws. The time-temperature superposition principle (TTSP) points to a common transport mechanism working for the low and middle frequency ranges. The scaling mechanism fails in the high-frequency ranges suggesting that conduction dynamics, and the usual hopping distance of mobile species, have changed. The values obtained for the activation energy from the hopping frequency, conductivity σ dc, bulk resistance R gb, and relaxation (f max), in the temperature range of 540-680 K, are very close. A higher and negative temperature coefficient of resistivity (TCR coefficient) equal to -2.7% K-1 is found at 560 K. This result shows that our compound is suitable for uncooled infrared bolometric applications and infrared detectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- I. Elhamdi
- Laboratoire de Physique Appliquée, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Sfax3000 SfaxTunisia
| | - F. Mselmi
- Laboratoire de Physique Appliquée, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Sfax3000 SfaxTunisia
| | - H. Souissi
- Laboratoire de Physique Appliquée, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Sfax3000 SfaxTunisia
| | - S. Kammoun
- Laboratoire de Physique Appliquée, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Sfax3000 SfaxTunisia
| | - E. Dhahri
- Laboratoire de Physique Appliquée, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Sfax3000 SfaxTunisia
| | - P. Sanguino
- University of Coimbra, CEMMPRE, Mechanical Engineering DepartmentRua Luis Reis SantosP-3030-788 CoimbraPortugal
| | - B. F. O. Costa
- University of Coimbra, CFisUC, Physics DepartmentP-3004-516 CoimbraPortugal
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3
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Amghar M, Bougoffa A, Trabelsi A, Oueslati A, Dhahri E. Optical and dielectric properties of silver-substituted ZnAl 2O 4 spinels synthesized using a sol-gel auto-combustion method. RSC Adv 2022; 12:20348-20359. [PMID: 35919606 PMCID: PMC9277524 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra02555h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study deals with two compounds, (x = 0.05 and x = 0.1), synthesized using a sol-gel auto-combustion method. X-ray diffraction analysis and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed the formation of a spinel structure. UV-visible spectroscopy revealed that the band gap is 4.3 eV and 4 eV for x = 0.05 and x = 0.1, respectively, which confirm that these compounds, (x = 0.05 and x = 0.1), are potential candidates for optoelectronics. Moreover, the effect of frequency and temperature on the dielectric parameters was studied using impedance spectroscopy. Additionally, the activation energies were estimated from the modulus data and are about 0.659 eV for x = 0.05 and 0.41 eV for x = 0.1. These values are in good agreement with those obtained from complex polarizability. The present study deals with two compounds, (x = 0.05 and x = 0.1), synthesized using a sol-gel auto-combustion method.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Amghar
- Laboratory of Applied Physics, Faculty of Sciences of Sfax, University of Sfax, B. P. 1171, Sfax, 3000, Tunisia
| | - Amira Bougoffa
- Laboratory of Applied Physics, Faculty of Sciences of Sfax, University of Sfax, B. P. 1171, Sfax, 3000, Tunisia
| | - Abdessalem Trabelsi
- Laboratory of Applied Physics, Faculty of Sciences of Sfax, University of Sfax, B. P. 1171, Sfax, 3000, Tunisia
| | - Abderrazek Oueslati
- Laboratory of Spectroscopic Characterization and Optic Materials, University of Sfax, Faculty of Sciences of Sfax, B.P. 1171, Sfax, 3000, Tunisia
| | - Essebti Dhahri
- Laboratory of Applied Physics, Faculty of Sciences of Sfax, University of Sfax, B. P. 1171, Sfax, 3000, Tunisia
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4
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Chen L, Chen X, Yang X, He C, Wang M, Xi P, Gao J. Advances of super-resolution fluorescence polarization microscopy and its applications in life sciences. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2020; 18:2209-2216. [PMID: 32952935 PMCID: PMC7476067 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2020.06.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Revised: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluorescence polarization microscopy (FPM) analyzes both intensity and orientation of fluorescence dipole, and reflects the structural specificity of target molecules. It has become an important tool for studying protein organization, orientational order, and structural changes in cells. However, suffering from optical diffraction limit, conventional FPM has low orientation resolution and observation accuracy, as the polarization information is averaged by multiple fluorescent molecules within a diffraction-limited volume. Recently, novel super-resolution FPMs have been developed to break the diffraction barrier. In this review, we will introduce the recent progress to achieve sub-diffraction determination of dipole orientation. Biological applications, based on polarization analysis of fluorescence dipole, are also summarized, with focus on chromophore-target molecule interaction and molecular organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Chen
- Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China.,MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics; Bioinformatics Division, Center for Synthetic & Systems Biology, BNRist; Center for Synthetic & Systems Biology, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
| | - Xingye Chen
- Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
| | - Xusan Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Chao He
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PJ, UK
| | - Miaoyan Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Peng Xi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Juntao Gao
- Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China.,MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics; Bioinformatics Division, Center for Synthetic & Systems Biology, BNRist; Center for Synthetic & Systems Biology, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
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5
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Hu S, Liao Y, Zhang Y, Yan X, Zhao Z, Chen W, Zhang X, Liu H, Li H, Li L, Sun M, Sheng C. Effect of Thermal Annealing on Conformation of MEH-PPV Chains in Polymer Matrix: Coexistence of H- and J-Aggregates. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12081771. [PMID: 32784767 PMCID: PMC7465953 DOI: 10.3390/polym12081771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In diluted solid solution using poly(2-methoxy-5-(2-ethylhexyloxy)-1,4-phenylenevinylene) (MEH-PPV) and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) or polystyrene (PS), both aggregated and extended conformations could be formed according to the weight ratio. Aggregated conformation in as-cast MEH-PPV/PMMA film presented a J-aggregate-like photoluminescence (PL) emission. After annealing at 160 °C, its PL showed characteristics of both J- and H-aggregates at the same time; however, extended conformation showed an oligomer-like emission, which was not sensitive to either measurement temperature or annealing temperature. Thus, the conformation transition between aggregated and extended is unlikely to happen in MEH-PPV/PMMA blends during thermal annealing. On the contrary, in MEH-PPV/PS blends, extended conformation dominated in as-cast film with oligomer-like emissions; after annealing at 160 °C, both J- and H- aggregate-like PL emissions were observed, indicating the conformation transitioned from extended to aggregated. Therefore, our work may suggest a new method to manipulate photophysical properties of conjugated polymers by combining appropriate host matrix and thermal annealing processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Hu
- School of Electronic and Optical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China; (S.H.); (Y.L.); (Y.Z.); (X.Y.); (H.L.); (L.L.)
| | - Yang Liao
- School of Electronic and Optical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China; (S.H.); (Y.L.); (Y.Z.); (X.Y.); (H.L.); (L.L.)
| | - Yang Zhang
- School of Electronic and Optical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China; (S.H.); (Y.L.); (Y.Z.); (X.Y.); (H.L.); (L.L.)
| | - Xiaoliang Yan
- School of Electronic and Optical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China; (S.H.); (Y.L.); (Y.Z.); (X.Y.); (H.L.); (L.L.)
| | - Zhenlu Zhao
- Beijing Spacecrafts, Beijing 100094, China; (Z.Z.); (W.C.); (X.Z.); (H.L.)
| | - Weiqiang Chen
- Beijing Spacecrafts, Beijing 100094, China; (Z.Z.); (W.C.); (X.Z.); (H.L.)
| | - Xin Zhang
- Beijing Spacecrafts, Beijing 100094, China; (Z.Z.); (W.C.); (X.Z.); (H.L.)
| | - Hongxing Liu
- Beijing Spacecrafts, Beijing 100094, China; (Z.Z.); (W.C.); (X.Z.); (H.L.)
| | - Heng Li
- School of Electronic and Optical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China; (S.H.); (Y.L.); (Y.Z.); (X.Y.); (H.L.); (L.L.)
| | - Li Li
- School of Electronic and Optical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China; (S.H.); (Y.L.); (Y.Z.); (X.Y.); (H.L.); (L.L.)
| | - Ming Sun
- School of Electronic and Optical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China; (S.H.); (Y.L.); (Y.Z.); (X.Y.); (H.L.); (L.L.)
- Correspondence: (M.S.); (C.S.)
| | - Chuanxiang Sheng
- School of Electronic and Optical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China; (S.H.); (Y.L.); (Y.Z.); (X.Y.); (H.L.); (L.L.)
- Correspondence: (M.S.); (C.S.)
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6
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van de Laar T, Hooiveld E, Higler R, van der Scheer P, Sprakel J. Gel Trapping Enables Optical Spectroscopy of Single Solvated Conjugated Polymers in Equilibrium. ACS NANO 2019; 13:13185-13195. [PMID: 31647632 PMCID: PMC6887849 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b06164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Single-molecule studies have provided a wealth of insight into the photophysics of conjugated polymers in the solid and desolvated state. Desolvating conjugated chains, e.g., by their embedding in inert solid matrices, invariably leads to chain collapse and the formation of intermolecular aggregates, which have a pronounced effect on their properties. By contrast, the luminescent properties of individual semiconducting polymers in their solvated and thermodynamic state remain largely unexplored. In this paper, we demonstrate a versatile gel trapping technique that enables the chemistry-free immobilization and interrogation of individual conjugated macromolecules, which retain a fully equilibrated conformation by contrast to conventional solid-state immobilization methods. We show how the technique can be used to record full luminescence spectra of single chains, to evaluate their time-resolved fluorescence, and to probe their photodynamics. Finally, we explore how the photophysics of different conjugated polymers is strongly affected by desolvation and chain collapse.
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7
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Camacho R, Täuber D, Scheblykin IG. Fluorescence Anisotropy Reloaded-Emerging Polarization Microscopy Methods for Assessing Chromophores' Organization and Excitation Energy Transfer in Single Molecules, Particles, Films, and Beyond. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1805671. [PMID: 30721532 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201805671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescence polarization is widely used to assess the orientation/rotation of molecules, and the excitation energy transfer between closely located chromophores. Emerging since the 1990s, single molecule fluorescence spectroscopy and imaging stimulate the application of light polarization for studying molecular organization and energy transfer beyond ensemble averaging. Here, traditional fluorescence polarization and linear dichroism methods used for bulk samples are compared with techniques specially developed for, or inspired by, single molecule fluorescence spectroscopy. Techniques for assessing energy transfer in anisotropic samples, where the traditional fluorescence anisotropy framework is not readily applicable, are discussed in depth. It is shown that the concept of a polarization portrait and the single funnel approximation can lay the foundation for alternative energy transfer metrics. Examples ranging from fundamental studies of photoactive materials (conjugated polymers, light-harvesting aggregates, and perovskite semiconductors) to Förster resonant energy transfer (FRET)-based biomedical imaging are presented. Furthermore, novel uses of light polarization for super-resolution optical imaging are mentioned as well as strategies for avoiding artifacts in polarization microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Camacho
- Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Daniela Täuber
- Chemical Physics and NanoLund, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-22100, Lund, Sweden
- Biopolarisation, Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, D-07745, Jena, Germany
- Institute of Solid State Physics, FSU Jena, Helmholtzweg 3, D-07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Ivan G Scheblykin
- Chemical Physics and NanoLund, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-22100, Lund, Sweden
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8
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Carbon Nanodots: A Review—From the Current Understanding of the Fundamental Photophysics to the Full Control of the Optical Response. C — JOURNAL OF CARBON RESEARCH 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/c4040067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs) are an emerging family of nanosystems displaying a range of fascinating properties. Broadly speaking, they can be described as small, surface-functionalized carbonaceous nanoparticles characterized by an intense and tunable fluorescence, a marked sensitivity to the environment and a range of interesting photochemical properties. CDs are currently the subject of very intense research, motivated by their possible applications in many fields, including bioimaging, solar energy harvesting, nanosensing, light-emitting devices and photocatalyis. This review covers the latest advancements in the field of CDs, with a focus on the fundamental understanding of their key photophysical behaviour, which is still very debated. The photoluminescence mechanism, the origin of their peculiar fluorescence tunability, and their photo-chemical interactions with coupled systems are discussed in light of the latest developments in the field, such as the most recent results obtained by femtosecond time-resolved experiments, which have led to important steps forward in the fundamental understanding of CDs. The optical response of CDs appears to stem from a very complex interplay between the electronic states related to the core structure and those introduced by surface functionalization. In addition, the structure of CD energy levels and the electronic dynamics triggered by photo-excitation finely depend on the microscopic structure of any specific sub-type of CD. On the other hand, this remarkable variability makes CDs extremely versatile, a key benefit in view of their very wide range of applications.
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9
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Tenopala-Carmona F, Fronk S, Bazan GC, Samuel IDW, Penedo JC. Real-time observation of conformational switching in single conjugated polymer chains. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2018; 4:eaao5786. [PMID: 29487904 PMCID: PMC5817931 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aao5786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Conjugated polymers (CPs) are an important class of organic semiconductors that combine novel optoelectronic properties with simple processing from organic solvents. It is important to study CP conformation in solution to understand the physics of these materials and because it affects the properties of solution-processed films. Single-molecule techniques are unique in their ability to extract information on a chain-to-chain basis; however, in the context of CPs, technical challenges have limited their general application to host matrices or semiliquid environments that constrain the conformational dynamics of the polymer. We introduce a conceptually different methodology that enables measurements in organic solvents using the single-end anchoring of polymer chains to avoid diffusion while preserving polymer flexibility. We explore the effect of organic solvents and show that, in addition to chain-to-chain conformational heterogeneity, collapsed and extended polymer segments can coexist within the same chain. The technique enables real-time solvent-exchange measurements, which show that anchored CP chains respond to sudden changes in solvent conditions on a subsecond time scale. Our results give an unprecedented glimpse into the mechanism of solvent-induced reorganization of CPs and can be expected to lead to a new range of techniques to investigate and conformationally manipulate CPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Tenopala-Carmona
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, Scottish Universities Physics Alliance, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St. Andrews, North Haugh, St. Andrews, Fife KY16 9SS, UK
| | - Stephanie Fronk
- Department of Materials and Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Guillermo C. Bazan
- Department of Materials and Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Ifor D. W. Samuel
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, Scottish Universities Physics Alliance, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St. Andrews, North Haugh, St. Andrews, Fife KY16 9SS, UK
| | - J. Carlos Penedo
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, Scottish Universities Physics Alliance, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St. Andrews, North Haugh, St. Andrews, Fife KY16 9SS, UK
- Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, University of St. Andrews, North Haugh, St. Andrews, Fife KY16 9SS, UK
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10
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Wu EC, Stubbs RE, Peteanu LA, Jemison R, McCullough RD, Wildeman J. Detection of Ultralow Concentrations of Non-emissive Conjugated Polymer Aggregates via Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem B 2017; 121:5413-5421. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.7b01918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eric C. Wu
- Department
of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Regan E. Stubbs
- Department
of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Linda A. Peteanu
- Department
of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Racquel Jemison
- Department
of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Richard D. McCullough
- Department
of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Jurjen Wildeman
- Zernike Institute of Advanced Materials, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
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11
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Peteanu LA, Chowdhury S, Wildeman J, Sfeir MY. Exciton–Exciton Annihilation as a Probe of Interchain Interactions in PPV–Oligomer Aggregates. J Phys Chem B 2017; 121:1707-1714. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.6b11250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Linda A. Peteanu
- Department
of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Sanchari Chowdhury
- Department
of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Jurjen Wildeman
- Zernike Institute of Advanced Materials, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Matthew Y. Sfeir
- Center
for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
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12
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Hader K, Consani C, Brixner T, Engel V. Mapping of exciton–exciton annihilation in MEH-PPV by time-resolved spectroscopy: experiment and microscopic theory. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:31989-31996. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp05168a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Transient absorption traces taken on samples of the polymer MEH-PPV are measured as a function of the laser intensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kilian Hader
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie
- Universität Würzburg
- 97074 Würzburg
- Germany
| | - Cristina Consani
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie
- Universität Würzburg
- 97074 Würzburg
- Germany
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC)
| | - Tobias Brixner
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie
- Universität Würzburg
- 97074 Würzburg
- Germany
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC)
| | - Volker Engel
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie
- Universität Würzburg
- 97074 Würzburg
- Germany
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13
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Wise AJ, Grey JK. Understanding the Structural Evolution of Single Conjugated Polymer Chain Conformers. Polymers (Basel) 2016; 8:polym8110388. [PMID: 30974664 PMCID: PMC6432208 DOI: 10.3390/polym8110388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Revised: 10/23/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Single molecule photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy of conjugated polymers has shed new light on the complex structure–function relationships of these materials. Although extensive work has been carried out using polarization and excitation intensity modulated experiments to elucidate conformation-dependent photophysics, surprisingly little attention has been given to information contained in the PL spectral line shapes. We investigate single molecule PL spectra of the prototypical conjugated polymer poly[2-methoxy-5-(2-ethylhexyloxy)-1,4-phenylenevinylene] (MEH-PPV) which exists in at least two emissive conformers and can only be observed at dilute levels. Using a model based on the well-known “Missing Mode Effect” (MIME), we show that vibronic progression intervals for MEH-PPV conformers can be explained by relative contributions from particular skeletal vibrational modes. Here, observed progression intervals do not match any ground state Raman active vibrational frequency and instead represent a coalescence of multiple modes in the frequency domain. For example, the higher energy emitting “blue” MEH-PPV form exhibits PL maxima at ~18,200 cm−1 with characteristic MIME progression intervals of ~1200–1350 cm−1, whereas the lower energy emitting “red” form peaks at ~17,100 cm−1 with intervals in the range of ~1350–1450 cm−1. The main differences in blue and red MEH-PPV chromophores lie in the intra-chain order, or, planarity of monomers within a chromophore segment. We demonstrate that the Raman-active out-of-plane C–H wag of the MEH-PPV vinylene group (~966 cm−1) has the greatest influence in determining the observed vibronic progression MIME interval. Namely, larger displacements (intensities)—indicating lower intra-chain order—lower the effective MIME interval. This simple model provides useful insights into the conformational characteristics of the heterogeneous chromophore landscape without requiring costly and time-consuming low temperature or single molecule Raman capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam J Wise
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.
| | - John K Grey
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.
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14
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Tozoni J, Neto NB, Ribeiro C, Pazin W, Ito A, Borissevitch I, Marletta A. Relationship between porphyrin aggregation and formation of porphyrin ring structures in poly(n-alkyl methacrylate)/porphyrin blends. POLYMER 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2016.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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15
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Menezes DB, de Fátima Curcino da Silva S, Akcelrud L, Zambon Atvars TD, Balogh DT, Mascarenhas YP, Marletta A, Tozoni JR. Effects of the host molecular dynamics on the photoemission temperature dependence of host/guest photoluminescent blends. POLYMER 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2016.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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16
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Park H, Hoang DT, Paeng K, Yang J, Kaufman LJ. Conformation-Dependent Photostability among and within Single Conjugated Polymers. NANO LETTERS 2015; 15:7604-7609. [PMID: 26438977 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b03409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The relationship between photostability and conformation of 2-methoxy-5-(2'-ethylhexyloxy)-1,4-phenylenevinylene (MEH-PPV) conjugated polymers was studied via excitation polarization modulation depth (M) measurements. Upon partial photobleaching, M distributions of collapsed, highly ordered MEH-PPV molecules shifted toward lower values. Conversely, M distributions of MEH-PPV molecules with random coil conformations moved toward higher values after partial photobleaching. Monte Carlo simulations of randomly distributed dipole moments along polymer chains subjected to partial photobleaching revealed that a statistical effect leads to an increase in peak M value. Decreases in M values seen experimentally in the population of MEH-PPV molecules with high M values, however, are due to conformation-dependent photostability within single MEH-PPV polymers. We show that, while folded MEH-PPV molecules are relatively more photostable than extended MEH-PPV molecules in an ensemble, extended portions of particular molecules are more photostable than folded domains within single MEH-PPV molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heungman Park
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University , New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Dat Tien Hoang
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University , New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Keewook Paeng
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University , New York, New York 10027, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaesung Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University , New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Laura J Kaufman
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University , New York, New York 10027, United States
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17
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Camacho R, Tubasum S, Southall J, Cogdell RJ, Sforazzini G, Anderson HL, Pullerits T, Scheblykin IG. Fluorescence polarization measures energy funneling in single light-harvesting antennas--LH2 vs conjugated polymers. Sci Rep 2015; 5:15080. [PMID: 26478272 PMCID: PMC4609963 DOI: 10.1038/srep15080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous approaches have been proposed to mimic natural photosynthesis using artificial antenna systems, such as conjugated polymers (CPs), dendrimers, and J-aggregates. As a result, there is a need to characterize and compare the excitation energy transfer (EET) properties of various natural and artificial antennas. Here we experimentally show that EET in single antennas can be characterized by 2D polarization imaging using the single funnel approximation. This methodology addresses the ability of an individual antenna to transfer its absorbed energy towards a single pool of emissive states, using a single parameter called energy funneling efficiency (ε). We studied individual peripheral antennas of purple bacteria (LH2) and single CP chains of 20 nm length. As expected from a perfect antenna, LH2s showed funneling efficiencies close to unity. In contrast, CPs showed lower average funneling efficiencies, greatly varying from molecule to molecule. Cyclodextrin insulation of the conjugated backbone improves EET, increasing the fraction of CPs possessing ε = 1. Comparison between LH2s and CPs shows the importance of the protection systems and the protein scaffold of LH2, which keep the chromophores in functional form and at such geometrical arrangement that ensures excellent EET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Camacho
- Chemical Physics, Lund University, PO Box 124, Lund, SE-22100, Sweden
| | - Sumera Tubasum
- Chemical Physics, Lund University, PO Box 124, Lund, SE-22100, Sweden
| | - June Southall
- Glasgow Biomedical Research Centre, University of Glasgow, G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Richard J Cogdell
- Glasgow Biomedical Research Centre, University of Glasgow, G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Giuseppe Sforazzini
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Harry L Anderson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Tõnu Pullerits
- Chemical Physics, Lund University, PO Box 124, Lund, SE-22100, Sweden
| | - Ivan G Scheblykin
- Chemical Physics, Lund University, PO Box 124, Lund, SE-22100, Sweden
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18
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Consani C, Koch F, Panzer F, Unger T, Köhler A, Brixner T. Relaxation dynamics and exciton energy transfer in the low-temperature phase of MEH-PPV. J Chem Phys 2015; 142:212429. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4918645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Consani
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Federico Koch
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Fabian Panzer
- Lehrstuhl Experimentalphysik II, Universität Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Thomas Unger
- Lehrstuhl Experimentalphysik II, Universität Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Anna Köhler
- Lehrstuhl Experimentalphysik II, Universität Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Tobias Brixner
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC), Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
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19
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Park H, Hoang DT, Paeng K, Kaufman LJ. Localizing exciton recombination sites in conformationally distinct single conjugated polymers by super-resolution fluorescence imaging. ACS NANO 2015; 9:3151-3158. [PMID: 25743935 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b00086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
To thoroughly elucidate how molecular conformation and photophysical properties of conjugated polymers (CPs) are related requires simultaneous probing of both. Previous efforts used fluorescence imaging with one nanometer accuracy (FIONA) to image CPs, which allowed simultaneous estimation of molecular conformation and probing of fluorescence intensity decay. We show that calculating the molecular radius of gyration for putative folded and unfolded poly(2-methoxy-5-(2'-ethylhexyloxy)1,4-phenylenevinylene) (MEH-PPV) molecules using FIONA underestimates molecular extension by averaging over emitters during localization. In contrast, employing algorithms based on single molecule high resolution imaging with photobleaching (SHRImP), including an approach we term all-frames SHRImP, allows localization of individual emitters. SHRImP processing corroborates that compact MEH-PPV molecules have distinct photophysical properties from extended ones. Estimated radii of gyration for isolated 168 kDa MEH-PPV molecules immobilized in polystyrene and exhibiting either stepwise or continuous intensity decays are found to be 12.6 and 25.3 nm, respectively, while the distance between exciton recombination sites is estimated to be ∼10 nm independent of molecular conformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heungman Park
- †Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Dat Tien Hoang
- †Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Keewook Paeng
- †Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
- ‡Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Laura J Kaufman
- †Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
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20
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Hestand NJ, Spano FC. The Effect of Chain Bending on the Photophysical Properties of Conjugated Polymers. J Phys Chem B 2014; 118:8352-63. [DOI: 10.1021/jp501857n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J. Hestand
- Department
of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | - Frank C. Spano
- Department
of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
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21
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Abstract
Aggregates of conjugated polymers exhibit two classes of fundamental electronic interactions: those occurring within a given chain and those occurring between chains. The impact of such excitonic interactions on the photophysics of polymer films can be understood using concepts of J- and H-aggregation originally developed by Kasha and coworkers to treat aggregates of small molecules. In polymer assemblies, intrachain through-bond interactions lead to J-aggregate behavior, whereas interchain Coulombic interactions lead to H-aggregate behavior. The photophysics of common emissive conjugated polymer films are determined by a competition between intrachain, J-favoring interactions and interchain, H-favoring interactions. We review formalisms describing absorption and photoluminescence lineshapes, based on intra- and intermolecular excitonic coupling, electron-vibrational coupling, and correlated energetic disorder. Examples include regioregular polythiophenes, pheneylene-vinylenes, and polydiacetylene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank C Spano
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122;
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22
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Morphologically induced polychromism of MEH-PPV nanoparticles prepared using amphiphilic comb-polymer as encapsulation matrix. Eur Polym J 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2013.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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23
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Yamagata H, Hestand NJ, Spano FC, Köhler A, Scharsich C, Hoffmann ST, Bässler H. The red-phase of poly[2-methoxy-5-(2-ethylhexyloxy)-1,4-phenylenevinylene] (MEH-PPV): A disordered HJ-aggregate. J Chem Phys 2013; 139:114903. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4819906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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24
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Thomsson D, Camacho R, Tian Y, Yadav D, Sforazzini G, Anderson HL, Scheblykin IG. Cyclodextrin insulation prevents static quenching of conjugated polymer fluorescence at the single molecule level. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2013; 9:2619-2627. [PMID: 23463732 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201203272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Conjugated polymers (CPs) are promising materials for fluorescence imaging application. However, a significant problem in this field is the unexplained abnormally low fluorescence brightness (or number of fluorescence photons detected per one excitation photon) exhibited by most of CP single chains in solid polymer hosts. Here it is shown that this detrimental effect can be fully avoided for short chains of polyfluorene-bis-vinylphenylene (PFBV) embedded in a host polymer matrix of PMMA, if the conjugated backbone is insulated by cyclodextrin rings to form a polyrotaxane (PFBV-Rtx). Fluorescence kinetics and quantum yields are measured for the polymers in liquid solutions, pristine films, and solid PMMA blends. The fluorescence brightness of PFBV-Rtx single chains dispersed in a solid PMMA is very close to that expected for a chain with 100% fluorescence quantum yield, while the unprotected PFBV chains of the same length possess 4 times lower brightness. Despite this, the fluorescence decay kinetics are the same for both polymers, suggesting the presence of static or ultrafast fluorescence quenching in the unprotected polymer. About 80% of an unprotected PFBV chain is estimated to be completely quenched. The hypothesis is that the cyclodextrin rings prevent the quenching by working as 'bumpers' reducing the mechanical forces applied by the host polymer to the conjugated backbone and help retaining its conformational freedom. While providing a recipe for making CP fluorescence bright at the single-molecule level, these results identify a lack of fundamental understanding in the community of the influence of the environment on excited states in conjugated materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Thomsson
- Chemical Physics, Lund University, Box 124, 22100 Lund, Sweden
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25
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Wang D, Yuan Y, Mardiyati Y, Bubeck C, Koynov K. From Single Chains to Aggregates, How Conjugated Polymers Behave in Dilute Solutions. Macromolecules 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ma4011523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dapeng Wang
- Max-Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz,
Germany
| | - Yuan Yuan
- Max-Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz,
Germany
| | - Yati Mardiyati
- Max-Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz,
Germany
| | - Christoph Bubeck
- Max-Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz,
Germany
| | - Kaloian Koynov
- Max-Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz,
Germany
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26
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Chen PY, Rassamesard A, Chen HL, Chen SA. Conformation and Fluorescence Property of Poly(3-hexylthiophene) Isolated Chains Studied by Single Molecule Spectroscopy: Effects of Solvent Quality and Regioregularity. Macromolecules 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ma400852q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Yin Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering
and Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of
Matters, National Tsing Hua University,
Hsin-Chu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Areefen Rassamesard
- Department of Science (Physics),
Faculty of Science and Technology, Prince of Songkla University, Pattani Campus, Pattani 94000, Thailand
| | - Hsin-Lung Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering
and Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of
Matters, National Tsing Hua University,
Hsin-Chu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Show-An Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering
and Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of
Matters, National Tsing Hua University,
Hsin-Chu 30013, Taiwan
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27
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Thomsson D, Sforazzini G, Anderson HL, Scheblykin IG. Excitation polarization provides structural resolution of individual non-blinking nano-objects. NANOSCALE 2013; 5:3070-3077. [PMID: 23463192 DOI: 10.1039/c3nr33513e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We propose to combine the method of fluorescence intensity centroid localization with rotation of the plane of excitation polarization. Polarized light interacts selectively with differently oriented fluorophores; thus yielding topological information on the nanometer scale, without any need for fluorophore blinking. The method is applicable to photostable individual systems, when most of the traditional super-resolution methods fail. A theoretical study is supported by experiments on 30 nm long cyclodextrin-encapsulated single polyrotaxane conjugated polymer chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Thomsson
- Chemical Physics, Lund University, Box 124, 22100, Lund, Sweden
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28
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Camacho R, Thomsson D, Sforazzini G, Anderson HL, Scheblykin IG. Inhomogeneous Quenching as a Limit of the Correlation Between Fluorescence Polarization and Conformation of Single Molecules. J Phys Chem Lett 2013; 4:1053-1058. [PMID: 26291377 DOI: 10.1021/jz400142x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The photophysical properties of conjugated polymers (CPs) largely depend on the interactions between the CP and its environment. We present a study of two polymers with identical conjugated backbones, bare and insulated, that showed different fluorescence excitation modulation depth histograms. However, the polarization differences are not related to differences in conformation, as commonly believed, but to the existence of "dark" chromophores in the bare polymer that are statically quenched. This results in inhomogeneous quenching of the polymer chain that breaks the correlation between excitation fluorescence polarization and conjugated polymer chain conformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Camacho
- †Chemical Physics, Lund University, Box 124 22100, Lund, Sweden
| | - Daniel Thomsson
- †Chemical Physics, Lund University, Box 124 22100, Lund, Sweden
| | - Giuseppe Sforazzini
- ‡Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Harry L Anderson
- ‡Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
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29
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Barnes MD, Baghar M. Optical probes of chain packing structure and exciton dynamics in polythiophene films, composites, and nanostructures. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.23105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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30
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Lupton JM. Chromophores in Conjugated Polymers-All Straight? Chemphyschem 2011; 13:901-7. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201100770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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31
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Tozoni JR, Guimarães FEG, Atvars TDZ, Nowacki B, Marlleta A, Akcelrud L, Bonagamba TJ. De-aggregation of a polyfluorene derivative in clay nanocomposites: A photophysical study. Eur Polym J 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2011.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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32
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Deres A, Floudas GA, Müllen K, Van der Auweraer M, De Schryver F, Enderlein J, Uji-i H, Hofkens J. The Origin of Heterogeneity of Polymer Dynamics near the Glass Temperature As Probed by Defocused Imaging. Macromolecules 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/ma201449p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ania Deres
- Department of Chemistry, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200 F, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - George A. Floudas
- Department of Physics, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece, and Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Biomedical Research Institute
| | - Klaus Müllen
- Max-Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung, Ackermannweg 10, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Mark Van der Auweraer
- Department of Chemistry, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200 F, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Frans De Schryver
- Department of Chemistry, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200 F, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Jörg Enderlein
- Drittes Physikalisches Institut, Universität Göttingen, Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Hiroshi Uji-i
- Department of Chemistry, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200 F, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Johan Hofkens
- Department of Chemistry, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200 F, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
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33
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Feist FA, Zickler MF, Basché T. Origin of the Red Sites and Energy Transfer Rates in Single MEH-PPV Chains at Low Temperature. Chemphyschem 2011; 12:1499-508. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201001010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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