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Horne GP, Mezyk SP, Moulton N, Peller JR, Geist A. Time-resolved and steady-state irradiation of hydrophilic sulfonated bis-triazinyl-(bi)pyridines - modelling radiolytic degradation. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:4547-4554. [PMID: 30869725 DOI: 10.1039/c9dt00474b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Efficient separation of the actinides from the lanthanides is a critical challenge in the development of a more sophisticated spent nuclear fuel recycling process. Based upon the slight differences in f-orbital distribution, a new class of soft nitrogen-donor ligands, the sulfonated bis-triazinyl-(bi)pyridines, has been identified and shown to be successful for this separation under anticipated, large-scale treatment conditions. The radiation robustness of these ligands is key to their implementation; however, current stability studies have yielded conflicting results. Here we report on the radiolytic degradation of the sulfonated 2,6-bis(1,2,4-triazin-3-yl)pyridine (BTP(S)) and 6,6'-bis(1,2,4-triazin-3-yl)-2,2'-bipyridine (BTBP(S)) in aerated, aqueous solutions using a combination of time-resolved pulsed electron techniques to ascertain their reaction kinetics with key aqueous radiolysis products (eaq-, H˙, ˙OH, and ˙NO3), and steady state gamma radiolysis in conjunction with liquid chromatography for identification and quantification of both ligands as a function of absorbed dose. These data were used to construct a predictive deterministic model to provide critical insight into the fundamental radiolysis mechanisms responsible for the ligands' radiolytic stability. The first-order decays of BTP(S) and BTBP(S) are predominantly driven by oxidative processes (˙OH and, to a lesser extent, H2O2), for which calculations demonstrate that the rate of degradation is inhibited by the formation of ligand degradation products that undergo secondary reactions with the primary products of water radiolysis. Overall, BTP(S) is ∼20% more radiolytically stable than BTBP(S), but over 90% of either ligand is consumed within 1 kGy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory P Horne
- Idaho National Laboratory, Center for Radiation Chemistry Research, Idaho Falls, ID, P.O. Box 1625, 83415, USA.
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Lewis FW, Harwood LM, Hudson MJ, Geist A, Kozhevnikov VN, Distler P, John J. Hydrophilic sulfonated bis-1,2,4-triazine ligands are highly effective reagents for separating actinides(iii) from lanthanides(iii) via selective formation of aqueous actinide complexes. Chem Sci 2015; 6:4812-4821. [PMID: 29142716 PMCID: PMC5667576 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc01328c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Tetrasulfonated bis-1,2,4-triazine ligands can selectively complex and separate actinides from lanthanides in aqueous nitric acid with very high selectivities.
We report the first examples of hydrophilic 6,6′-bis(1,2,4-triazin-3-yl)-2,2′-bipyridine (BTBP) and 2,9-bis(1,2,4-triazin-3-yl)-1,10-phenanthroline (BTPhen) ligands, and their applications as actinide(iii) selective aqueous complexing agents. The combination of a hydrophobic diamide ligand in the organic phase and a hydrophilic tetrasulfonated bis-triazine ligand in the aqueous phase is able to separate Am(iii) from Eu(iii) by selective Am(iii) complex formation across a range of nitric acid concentrations with very high selectivities, and without the use of buffers. In contrast, disulfonated bis-triazine ligands are unable to separate Am(iii) from Eu(iii) in this system. The greater ability of the tetrasulfonated ligands to retain Am(iii) selectively in the aqueous phase than the corresponding disulfonated ligands appears to be due to the higher aqueous solubilities of the complexes of the tetrasulfonated ligands with Am(iii). The selectivities for Am(iii) complexation observed with hydrophilic tetrasulfonated bis-triazine ligands are in many cases far higher than those found with the polyaminocarboxylate ligands previously used as actinide-selective complexing agents, and are comparable to those found with the parent hydrophobic bis-triazine ligands. Thus we demonstrate a feasible alternative method to separate actinides from lanthanides than the widely studied approach of selective actinide extraction with hydrophobic bis-1,2,4-triazine ligands such as CyMe4-BTBP and CyMe4-BTPhen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank W Lewis
- Department of Chemistry , The University of Reading , Whiteknights , Reading RG6 6AD , UK . .,Department of Applied Sciences , Faculty of Health and Life Sciences , Northumbria University , Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST , UK .
| | - Laurence M Harwood
- Department of Chemistry , The University of Reading , Whiteknights , Reading RG6 6AD , UK .
| | - Michael J Hudson
- Department of Chemistry , The University of Reading , Whiteknights , Reading RG6 6AD , UK .
| | - Andreas Geist
- Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT-INE) , Institut für Nukleare Entsorgung , Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen , Germany .
| | - Valery N Kozhevnikov
- Department of Applied Sciences , Faculty of Health and Life Sciences , Northumbria University , Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST , UK .
| | - Petr Distler
- Department of Nuclear Chemistry , Czech Technical University in Prague , Břehová 7 , 115 19 Prague 1 , Czech Republic .
| | - Jan John
- Department of Nuclear Chemistry , Czech Technical University in Prague , Břehová 7 , 115 19 Prague 1 , Czech Republic .
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Abstract
By using the cyanide ligand, actinide compounds with unprecedented structures, UIII–CN vs. CeIII–NC and UIII–CN vs. UIV–NC coordination modes, and novel high-valent uranium complexes were revealed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pierre Thuéry
- CEA
- IRAMIS/NIMBE/LCMCE
- CEA/CNRS UMR 3685 NIMBE
- 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette
- France
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4
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Yang X, Liang Y, Ding S, Li S, Chai Z, Wang D. Influence of a Bridging Group and the Substitution Effect of Bis(1,2,4-triazine) N-Donor Extractants on Their Interactions with a NpV Cation. Inorg Chem 2014; 53:7848-60. [DOI: 10.1021/ic500138w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xia Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nuclear Radiation and Nuclear Energy
Techniques, and Multidisciplinary Initiative Center, Institute of
High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yanni Liang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nuclear Radiation and Nuclear Energy
Techniques, and Multidisciplinary Initiative Center, Institute of
High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Songdong Ding
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shoujian Li
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhifang Chai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nuclear Radiation and Nuclear Energy
Techniques, and Multidisciplinary Initiative Center, Institute of
High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- School of Radiation Medicine
and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Dongqi Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nuclear Radiation and Nuclear Energy
Techniques, and Multidisciplinary Initiative Center, Institute of
High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Lewis FW, Harwood LM, Hudson MJ, Drew MGB, Hubscher-Bruder V, Videva V, Arnaud-Neu F, Stamberg K, Vyas S. BTBPs versus BTPhens: Some Reasons for Their Differences in Properties Concerning the Partitioning of Minor Actinides and the Advantages of BTPhens. Inorg Chem 2013; 52:4993-5005. [DOI: 10.1021/ic3026842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Frank W. Lewis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AD, United Kingdom
| | - Laurence M. Harwood
- Department of Chemistry, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AD, United Kingdom
| | - Michael J. Hudson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AD, United Kingdom
| | - Michael G. B. Drew
- Department of Chemistry, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AD, United Kingdom
| | - Véronique Hubscher-Bruder
- Université de Strasbourg, IPHC, 25 rue Becquerel 67087 Strasbourg, France CNRS, UMR7178,
67037 Strasbourg, France
| | - Vladimira Videva
- Université de Strasbourg, IPHC, 25 rue Becquerel 67087 Strasbourg, France CNRS, UMR7178,
67037 Strasbourg, France
| | - Françoise Arnaud-Neu
- Université de Strasbourg, IPHC, 25 rue Becquerel 67087 Strasbourg, France CNRS, UMR7178,
67037 Strasbourg, France
| | - Karel Stamberg
- Department of Nuclear Chemistry, Czech Technical University in Prague, Břehová 7, 11519 Prague 1,
Czech Republic
| | - Shyam Vyas
- National Nuclear Laboratory, Chadwick House, Warrington
Road, Warrington WA3 6AE, United Kingdom
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Whittaker DM, Griffiths TL, Helliwell M, Swinburne AN, Natrajan LS, Lewis FW, Harwood LM, Parry SA, Sharrad CA. Lanthanide Speciation in Potential SANEX and GANEX Actinide/Lanthanide Separations Using Tetra-N-Donor Extractants. Inorg Chem 2013; 52:3429-44. [DOI: 10.1021/ic301599y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel M. Whittaker
- Centre for Radiochemistry Research, School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford
Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Tamara L. Griffiths
- Centre for Radiochemistry Research, School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford
Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Madeleine Helliwell
- School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Adam N. Swinburne
- Centre for Radiochemistry Research, School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford
Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Louise S. Natrajan
- Centre for Radiochemistry Research, School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford
Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Frank W. Lewis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Reading, Whiteknights,
Reading RG6 6AD, U.K
| | - Laurence M. Harwood
- Department of Chemistry, University of Reading, Whiteknights,
Reading RG6 6AD, U.K
| | - Stephen A. Parry
- Diamond Light Source Ltd., Diamond House, Harwell Science
and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, U.K
| | - Clint A. Sharrad
- Centre for Radiochemistry Research, School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford
Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
- School of Chemical Engineering
and Analytical Science, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
- Research Centre for Radwaste
and Decommissioning, Dalton Nuclear Institute, The University of Manchester, Oxford
Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
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Organometallic Complexes of Pyridines Together with Diverse Heterocycles as Ligands. ADVANCES IN HETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-407777-5.00002-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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Lanthanides and actinides: Annual survey of their organometallic chemistry covering the year 2010. Coord Chem Rev 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2012.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Berthet JC, Onno JM, Gupta F, Rivière C, Thuéry P, Nierlich M, Madic C, Ephritikhine M. Coordination of 1,10-phenanthroline, 3,4,7,8-tetramethyl-1,10-phenanthroline and 2,4,6-tris(2-pyridyl)-1,3,5-triazine to MX3 (M=Ce, U; X=I, OSO2CF3) in pyridine and acetonitrile. Polyhedron 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2012.07.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Lewis FW, Harwood LM, Hudson MJ, Drew MGB, Sypula M, Modolo G, Whittaker D, Sharrad CA, Videva V, Hubscher-Bruder V, Arnaud-Neu F. Complexation of lanthanides, actinides and transition metal cations with a 6-(1,2,4-triazin-3-yl)-2,2':6',2''-terpyridine ligand: implications for actinide(III)/lanthanide(III) partitioning. Dalton Trans 2012; 41:9209-19. [PMID: 22729349 DOI: 10.1039/c2dt30522d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The quadridentate N-heterocyclic ligand 6-(5,5,8,8-tetramethyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-1,2,4-benzotriazin-3-yl)-2,2' : 6',2''-terpyridine (CyMe(4)-hemi-BTBP) has been synthesized and its interactions with Am(III), U(VI), Ln(III) and some transition metal cations have been evaluated by X-ray crystallographic analysis, Am(III)/Eu(III) solvent extraction experiments, UV absorption spectrophotometry, NMR studies and ESI-MS. Structures of 1:1 complexes with Eu(III), Ce(III) and the linear uranyl (UO(2)(2+)) ion were obtained by X-ray crystallographic analysis, and they showed similar coordination behavior to related BTBP complexes. In methanol, the stability constants of the Ln(III) complexes are slightly lower than those of the analogous quadridentate bis-triazine BTBP ligands, while the stability constant for the Yb(III) complex is higher. (1)H NMR titrations and ESI-MS with lanthanide nitrates showed that the ligand forms only 1:1 complexes with Eu(III), Ce(III) and Yb(III), while both 1:1 and 1:2 complexes were formed with La(III) and Y(III) in acetonitrile. A mixture of isomeric chiral 2:2 helical complexes was formed with Cu(I), with a slight preference (1.4:1) for a single directional isomer. In contrast, a 1:1 complex was observed with the larger Ag(I) ion. The ligand was unable to extract Am(III) or Eu(III) from nitric acid solutions into 1-octanol, except in the presence of a synergist at low acidity. The results show that the presence of two outer 1,2,4-triazine rings is required for the efficient extraction and separation of An(III) from Ln(III) by quadridentate N-donor ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank W Lewis
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AD, UK.
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Lewis FW, Harwood LM, Hudson MJ, Distler P, John J, Stamberg K, Núñez A, Galán H, Espartero AG. Synthesis and Evaluation of Lipophilic BTBP Ligands for An/Ln Separation in Nuclear Waste Treatment: The Effect of Alkyl Substitution on Extraction Properties and Implications for Ligand Design. European J Org Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201101576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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12
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Lewis FW, Harwood LM, Hudson MJ, Drew MGB, Desreux JF, Vidick G, Bouslimani N, Modolo G, Wilden A, Sypula M, Vu TH, Simonin JP. Highly Efficient Separation of Actinides from Lanthanides by a Phenanthroline-Derived Bis-triazine Ligand. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:13093-102. [DOI: 10.1021/ja203378m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 268] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Frank W. Lewis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AD, U.K
| | - Laurence M. Harwood
- Department of Chemistry, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AD, U.K
| | - Michael J. Hudson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AD, U.K
| | - Michael G. B. Drew
- Department of Chemistry, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AD, U.K
| | - Jean F. Desreux
- Coordination and Radiochemistry, University of Liège, Sart Tilman B16, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Geoffrey Vidick
- Coordination and Radiochemistry, University of Liège, Sart Tilman B16, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Nouri Bouslimani
- Coordination and Radiochemistry, University of Liège, Sart Tilman B16, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Giuseppe Modolo
- Sicherheitsforschung und Reaktortechnik, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, D-52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Andreas Wilden
- Sicherheitsforschung und Reaktortechnik, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, D-52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Michal Sypula
- Sicherheitsforschung und Reaktortechnik, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, D-52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Trong-Hung Vu
- Laboratoire PECSA (UMR CNRS 7195), Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Case 51, 4 Place Jussieu, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Simonin
- Laboratoire PECSA (UMR CNRS 7195), Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Case 51, 4 Place Jussieu, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France
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