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Tang A, Wang J. Drastic effects of an inert Pt wire on the redox behavior of the Belousov-Zhabotinsky reaction. CHAOS (WOODBURY, N.Y.) 2022; 32:073111. [PMID: 35907722 DOI: 10.1063/5.0095531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This research investigated responses of the Belousov-Zhabotinsky (BZ) reaction to the presence of a chemically inert Pt wire in solution. Experiments showed that connecting the Pt wire to a neutral ground caused a spontaneous drastic shift in the redox potential and might even induce complex behavior. Characterizations using an unstirred ferriin solution demonstrated the formation of a red colored propagating front at the grounded Pt wire, suggesting the reduction of ferriin to ferroin. Measurements with different combinations of electrodes in both stirred and reaction-diffusion media further confirmed the reduction of BZ metal catalysts at the Pt wire and the accompanying oxidation reaction at the reference electrode. The observed drastic change in redox potential and oscillation waveform can be understood based on the passive reduction reaction at the indicator electrode that is connected to the reference electrode through a potential meter. The obtained influence can be further manipulated by adding a resistor between the Pt wire and the neutral ground, making this convenient perturbation method attractive for the study of redox chemical reaction dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Tang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario N9B 3P4, Canada
| | - Jichang Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario N9B 3P4, Canada
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2
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Lateef S, Ganaie NB, Peerzada GM. Perturbation on dynamics of ferroin-catalyzed Belousov–Zhabotinsky reaction by monomer N-isopropylacrylamide and poly(N-isopropylacrylamide). Polym Bull (Berl) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-021-03660-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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3
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Ahmadi M, Seiffert S. Efficiency range of the Belousov-Zhabotinsky reaction to induce the self-organization of transient bonds in metallo-supramolecular polymeric systems. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:14965-14975. [PMID: 32588852 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp02429e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The periodic change of the oxidation state of the metal catalyst in the oscillating Belousov-Zhabotinsky (BZ) reaction has been reported to establish a periodic organization of metallo-supramolecular bonds in polymeric systems, which results in autonomous viscosity oscillations. To appraise the possible extent of quantitative control on the viscosity oscillation features, we assess how the kinetics of the BZ reaction affects the periodic self-organization of the metal-ligand coordination, and vice versa. Our model system includes mono-, bis-, and tetra-functional polyethyleneglycol (PEG) precursors end grafted with terpyridine ligands that are complexed with ruthenium ions, which oscillate between Ru2+ and Ru3+ oxidation states in the BZ reaction medium. The control parameters are divided into microscopic factors, which are responsible for the local reaction rate, and mesoscopic factors, which are responsible for the spatial distribution of the concentration patterns. The reactant concentrations are found to nonlinearly control the amplitude and periods of reduction and oxidation phases, independent of the precursor functionalization degree. An increased medium viscosity, and therewith cease of mixing, accelerates the reaction rate by localization of the reaction phases, even though the diffusion of reaction intermediates causes a periodic chemical wave with distinct harmonics. Time-course viscosity measurements of the tetra-arm precursors in the BZ medium demonstrate an initial overshoot followed by minor oscillations around a plateau that is significantly lower than the viscosity of an equivalent fully associated network. Apparently, the slow association kinetics of Ru2+-bis(terpyridine) limits the frequency and the extent of self-organization, and this way, avoids full establishment of the expected viscosity oscillation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Ahmadi
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55128 Mainz, Germany. and Department of Polymer Engineering and Color Technology, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sebastian Seiffert
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55128 Mainz, Germany.
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4
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Kitagaki BT, Pinto MR, Queiroz AC, Breitkreitz MC, Rossi F, Nagao R. Multivariate statistical analysis of chemical and electrochemical oscillators for an accurate frequency selection. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:16423-16434. [PMID: 31144704 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp01998g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The effect of experimental parameters on the frequency of chemical oscillators has been systematically studied since the first observations of clock reactions. The approach is mainly based on univariate changes in one specific parameter while others are kept constant. The frequency is then monitored and the effect of each parameter is discussed separately. This type of analysis, however, does not take into account the multiple interactions among the controllable parameters and the synergic responses on the oscillation frequency. We have carried out a multivariate statistical analysis of chemical (BZ-ferroin catalyzed reaction) and electrochemical (Cu/Cu2O cathodic deposition) oscillators and identified the contributions of the experimental parameters on frequency variations. The BZ reaction presented a strong dependence on the initial concentration of sodium bromate and temperature, resulting in a frequency increase. The concentration of malonic acid, the organic substrate, affects the system but with lower intensity compared with the combination of sodium bromate and temperature. On the other hand, the Cu/Cu2O electrochemical oscillator was shown to be less sensitive to changes in the temperature. The applied current density and pH were the two parameters which most perturbed the system. Interestingly, the frequency behaved nonmonotonically with a quadratic dependence. The multivariate analysis of both oscillators exhibited significant differences - while the homogenous oscillator displayed a linear dependence with the factors, the heterogeneous one revealed a more complex dependence with quadratic terms. Our results may contribute, for instance, in the synthesis of self-organized materials in which an accurate frequency selection is required and, depending on its value, different physicochemical properties are obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca T Kitagaki
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, CEP 13083-970, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
| | - Maria R Pinto
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, CEP 13083-970, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
| | - Adriana C Queiroz
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, CEP 13083-970, Campinas, SP, Brazil. and Center for Innovation on New Energies, University of Campinas, CEP 13083-841, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Márcia C Breitkreitz
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, CEP 13083-970, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
| | - Federico Rossi
- Department of Earth, Environmental and Physical Sciences - DEEP Sciences, University of Siena, Pian dei Mantellini 44, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Raphael Nagao
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, CEP 13083-970, Campinas, SP, Brazil. and Center for Innovation on New Energies, University of Campinas, CEP 13083-841, Campinas, SP, Brazil
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5
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Facile One-Pot Synthesis of Functional Giant Polymeric Vesicles Controlled by Oscillatory Chemistry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201703816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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6
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Bastakoti BP, Perez-Mercader J. Facile One-Pot Synthesis of Functional Giant Polymeric Vesicles Controlled by Oscillatory Chemistry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [PMID: 28643367 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201703816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
We introduce a novel application of an oscillatory chemical reaction to the synthesis of block copolymers. The Belousov-Zhabotinsky (B-Z) reaction is coupled with the polymerization of an amphiphilic block copolymer. Radicals generated in the B-Z reaction initiate the polymerization between a polyethylene glycol (PEG) macroreversible addition-fragmentation chain-transfer agent and butyl acrylate monomers. The attachment of a hydrophobic block on PEG leads to self-assembly and formation of spherical micelles. The nanoscale micelles transform into submicrometer vesicles and grow to giant vesicles as a consequence of the oscillatory behavior of the B-Z reaction. The one-pot synthesis of an amphiphilic di-block copolymer and retention of oscillatory behavior for the B-Z reaction with the formation of giant vesicles bring a new insight into possible pathways for the synthesis of active functional microreactors in the range from hundreds of nanometers to tens of micrometers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bishnu Prasad Bastakoti
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences and Origin of Life Initiative, Harvard University, 20 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Juan Perez-Mercader
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences and Origin of Life Initiative, Harvard University, 20 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.,Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, NM, 87501, USA
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7
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Effect of Self-Assemblies on the Dynamics of the Briggs–Rauscher Reaction. J SURFACTANTS DETERG 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11743-017-1956-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Torbensen K, Rossi F, Ristori S, Abou-Hassan A. Chemical communication and dynamics of droplet emulsions in networks of Belousov-Zhabotinsky micro-oscillators produced by microfluidics. LAB ON A CHIP 2017; 17:1179-1189. [PMID: 28239705 DOI: 10.1039/c6lc01583b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Chemical communication leading to synchronization and collective behaviour of dynamic elements, such as cell colonies, is a widespread phenomenon with biological, physical and chemical importance. Such synchronization between elements proceeds via chemical communication by emmision, interdiffusion and reception of specific messenger molecules. On a lab scale, these phenomena can be modeled by encapsulating an oscillating chemical reaction, which serves as a signal (information) sender/receiver element, inside microcompartments such as droplet emulsions, liposomes and polymersomes. Droplets can thus be regarded as single units, able to generate chemical messengers that diffuse in the environment and hence can interact with other compartments. The Belousov-Zhabotinsky (BZ) reaction is a well-known chemical oscillator largely used as a model for complex nonlinear phenomena, including chemical, physical and biological examples. When the BZ-reaction is encapsulated inside microcompartments, its chemical intermediates can serve as messengers by diffusing among different microcompartments, to trigger specific reactions leading to a collective behavior between the elements. The geometry and constitution of the diffusion pathways play an important role in governing the collective behaviour of the system. In this context, microfluidics is not only a versatile tool for mastering the encapsulation process of the BZ-reaction in monodisperse microcompartments, but also for creating geometries and networks with well defined boundaries. The individual compartments can be engineered with selected properties using different surfactants in the case of simple emulsions, or with specific membrane properties in the case of liposomes. Furthermore, it enables the arrangement of these microcompartments in various geometric configurations, where the diffusive coupling pathways between individual compartments are both spatially and chemically well-defined. In this tutorial paper, we review a number of articles reporting various approaches to generate networks of compartmentalized Belousov-Zhabotinsky (BZ) chemical oscillators using microfluidics. In contrast to biological cellular networks, the dynamical characteristics of the BZ-reaction is well-known and, when confined in microcompartments arranged in different configurations with a pure interdiffusive coupling, these communicative microreactors can serve to mimic various types of bio-physical networks, aiding to comprehend the concept of chemical communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristian Torbensen
- UMR 8234, Laboratoire Physico-chimie des Electrolytes, Nanosystèmes InterfaciauX (PHENIX), UPMC Univ Paris 06, Sorbonne Universités, 4 place Jussieu - case 51, 75252 Paris cedex 05, France.
| | - Federico Rossi
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, Fisciano (SA), Italy
| | - Sandra Ristori
- Department of Earth Sciences & CSGI, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - Ali Abou-Hassan
- UMR 8234, Laboratoire Physico-chimie des Electrolytes, Nanosystèmes InterfaciauX (PHENIX), UPMC Univ Paris 06, Sorbonne Universités, 4 place Jussieu - case 51, 75252 Paris cedex 05, France.
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Budroni MA, Calabrese I, Miele Y, Rustici M, Marchettini N, Rossi F. Control of chemical chaos through medium viscosity in a batch ferroin-catalysed Belousov–Zhabotinsky reaction. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:32235-32241. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp06601e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A macroscopic parameter, such as medium viscosity, can be used to fine tune chemical chaos in a reaction–diffusion–convection system.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ilaria Calabrese
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia
- Area Chimica e Tecnologie Alimentari
- Palermo
- Italy
| | - Ylenia Miele
- Department of Chemistry and Biology “A. Zambelli”
- University of Salerno
- Italy
| | - Mauro Rustici
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Farmacia
- Università di Sassari
- Italy
| | - Nadia Marchettini
- Department of Earth
- Environmental and Physical Sciences – DEEP Sciences
- University of Siena
- Italy
| | - Federico Rossi
- Department of Chemistry and Biology “A. Zambelli”
- University of Salerno
- Italy
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Budroni MA, Carballido-Landeira J, Intiso A, De Wit A, Rossi F. Interfacial hydrodynamic instabilities driven by cross-diffusion in reverse microemulsions. CHAOS (WOODBURY, N.Y.) 2015; 25:064502. [PMID: 26117125 DOI: 10.1063/1.4922186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
When two microemulsions are put in contact in the gravity field along a horizontal contact line, cross-diffusion can trigger the transport of one species in the presence of a gradient in concentration of another species. We show here theoretically that such cross-diffusion effects can induce buoyancy-driven convective instabilities at the interface between two solutions of different compositions even when initially the less dense solution lies on top of the denser one. Two different sources of convective modes are identified depending whether positive or negative cross-diffusion is involved. We evidence the two predicted cross-diffusion driven instabilities experimentally using a two-layer stratification of Aerosol-OT (AOT) water-in-oil microemulsions solutions with different water or AOT composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Budroni
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - J Carballido-Landeira
- Nonlinear Physical Chemistry Unit, Service de Chimie Physique et Biologie Théorique, Université libre de Bruxelles, CP 231 - Campus Plaine, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - A Intiso
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy
| | - A De Wit
- Nonlinear Physical Chemistry Unit, Service de Chimie Physique et Biologie Théorique, Université libre de Bruxelles, CP 231 - Campus Plaine, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - F Rossi
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy
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Szymański JK, Temprano-Coleto F, Pérez-Mercader J. Unusual kinetics of poly(ethylene glycol) oxidation with cerium(iv) ions in sulfuric acid medium and implications for copolymer synthesis. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:6713-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cp05693k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Complex aqueous phase equilibria influence the kinetics of polyalcohol–cerium(iv) reaction in sulfuric acid medium. Zeroth-order kinetics, not previously reported in such systems, results for certain sulfate ion concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan K. Szymański
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences
- Harvard University
- Cambridge
- USA
| | | | - Juan Pérez-Mercader
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences
- Harvard University
- Cambridge
- USA
- Santa Fe Institute
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12
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Influence of Micellar Propinquity on Dynamics of Ce(IV)-Catalyzed BZ Oscillatory Reaction under Stirred Conditions. INT J CHEM KINET 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/kin.20851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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13
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Ueki T, Takasaki Y, Bundo K, Ueno T, Sakai T, Akagi Y, Yoshida R. Autonomous viscosity oscillation via metallo-supramolecular terpyridine chemistry of branched poly(ethylene glycol) driven by the Belousov-Zhabotinsky reaction. SOFT MATTER 2014; 10:1349-1355. [PMID: 24651761 DOI: 10.1039/c3sm51537k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report an autonomous viscosity oscillation of polymer solutions coupled with the metal-ligand association/dissociation between Ru and terpyridine (tpy), driven by the Belousov-Zhabotinsky (BZ) reaction. The tpy ligand for the Ru catalyst was attached to the terminals of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) with different numbers of branches (linear-, tetra-, and octa-PEG). It is well known that mono-tpy coordination is stable when Ru is oxidized (Ru(tpy)(3+)), whereas bis-tpy coordination is stable when the Ru centre is reduced (Ru(tpy)2(2+)). In the oxidized state, the three different polymers existed as solutions. In contrast, when the Ru centre was reduced, gels were obtained for the tetra- and octa-PEG owing to the formation of a three-dimensional polymer network through Ru-tpy coordination. Rheological measurements confirmed that the sol-gel transition occurred much more quickly in the octa-PEG system than in the tetra-PEG system, because of the requirement of fewer crosslinking points. The polymer solutions exhibited self-oscillation of absorbance and viscosity when BZ substrates were added to the solutions of Ru(2+)-tpy-modified tetra-/octa-PEG. This indicated that the Ru(tpy)2(2+) attached to the polymer ends could work as a metal catalyst for the BZ reaction. By increasing the number of branches from 4 to 8, the amount of crosslinking changed more remarkably during the oscillation, with a maximum value closer to that necessary for gelation. Thus, viscosity oscillation with a larger amplitude in the region of higher viscosity was achieved by using octa-PEG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Ueki
- Department of Materials Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan.
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Villar Álvarez E, Carballido-Landeira J, Guiu-Souto J, Taboada P, Muñuzuri AP. Modulation of volume fraction results in different kinetic effects in Belousov–Zhabotinsky reaction confined in AOT-reverse microemulsion. J Chem Phys 2011; 134:094512. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3561684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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