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Synthesis of Polycyclic Ether-Benzopyrans and In Vitro Inhibitory Activity against Leishmania tarentolae. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25225461. [PMID: 33233418 PMCID: PMC7700287 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25225461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Construction of a focused library of polycyclic ether-benzopyrans was undertaken in order to discover new therapeutic compounds that affect Leishmania growth and infectivity. This is especially of interest since there are few drug therapies for leishmaniasis that do not have serious drawbacks such high cost, side effects, and emerging drug resistance. The construction of these polycyclic ether-benzopyrans utilized an acetoxypyranone-alkene [5+2] cycloaddition and the Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling. The multi-gram quantity of the requisite aryl bromide was obtained followed by effective Pd-catalyzed coupling with boronic acid derivatives. Compounds were tested in vitro using the parasitic protozoan, Leishmania tarentolae. Effects of concentration, time, and exposure to light were evaluated. In addition, the effects on secreted acid phosphatase activity and nitric oxide production were investigated, since both have been implicated in parasite infectivity. The data presented herein are indicative of disruption of the Leishmania tarentolae and thus provide impetus for the development and testing of a more extensive library.
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Indu S, Kaliappan KP. Synthetic approaches towards cortistatins: evolution and progress through its ages. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:3965-3995. [PMID: 32420567 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob00770f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Cortistatins are a family of steroidal alkaloids with a unique pentacyclic skeleton, having immensely potent anti-angiogenetic activities. Given the scarcity in the natural availability of these compounds, their syntheses became major attractions in organic chemistry. Along with total synthesis of the most potent congeners in the family: cortistatins A and J, the synthesis of two other members have been successfully completed, while various other analogues have also been designed with variable degrees of biological activities. This review is an exhaustive coverage of the significant attempts towards constructing this highly challenging molecule and also aims to highlight the deep understanding of the structure-activity relationships of these compounds, which have been garnered over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satrajit Indu
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India.
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3
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Almeida A, Dong L, Appendino G, Bak S. Plant triterpenoids with bond-missing skeletons: biogenesis, distribution and bioactivity. Nat Prod Rep 2020; 37:1207-1228. [PMID: 32368768 DOI: 10.1039/c9np00030e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Covering: up to December 2018 The polycyclic ABCD(E) framework of triterpenoids can miss a single endocyclic C-C bond as a result of a modification of the cyclization cascade that triggers their formation (interrupted- or diverted cascades), or can be the result of post-cyclization ring cleavage by late-stage oxidative modifications (seco-triterpenoids). Because of mechanistic and biogenetic differences, ring opening associated with loss of a skeletal fragment, as in nor-seco-triterpenoids (limonoids, quassinoids), will not be covered, nor will compounds where ring opening is part of a fragmentation cascade or of a multiple diversion from it. Even with these limitations, 342 bond-missing triterpenoids could be retrieved from the literature, with transversal distribution in the plant kingdom. Their structural diversity translates into a variety of biological targets, with dominance of potential applications in the realm of cancer, neuroprotection, and anti-infective therapy. In addition to the bioactivity and chemotaxonomic relevance of bond-missing triterpenoids, current knowledge on the genetic basis of interrupted- and diverted oxidosqualene cyclases will be summarized. This untapped source of enzymes could be useful to selectively modify triterpenoids by metabolic engineering, circumventing the bottlenecks of their isolation (poor yield or inadequate supply chain) to explore new areas of their chemical space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aldo Almeida
- Section of Plant Biochemistry, Department of Plant and Environmental Science, University of Copenhagen, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
| | - Lemeng Dong
- Section of Plant Biochemistry, Department of Plant and Environmental Science, University of Copenhagen, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
| | - Giovanni Appendino
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Largo Donegani 2, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Søren Bak
- Section of Plant Biochemistry, Department of Plant and Environmental Science, University of Copenhagen, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
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Vargas DF, Larghi EL, Kaufman TS. The 6π-azaelectrocyclization of azatrienes. Synthetic applications in natural products, bioactive heterocycles, and related fields. Nat Prod Rep 2019; 36:354-401. [PMID: 30090891 DOI: 10.1039/c8np00014j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Covering: 2006 to 2018 The application of the 6π-azaelectrocyclization of azatrienes as a key strategy for the synthesis of natural products, their analogs and related bioactive or biomedically-relevant compounds (from 2006 to date) is comprehensively reviewed. Details about reaction optimization studies, relevant reaction mechanisms and conditions are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Didier F Vargas
- Instituto de Química Rosario (IQUIR, CONICET-UNR), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas - Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, 2000 Rosario, Argentina.
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Yin Z, He Y, Chiu P. Application of (4+3) cycloaddition strategies in the synthesis of natural products. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 47:8881-8924. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cs00532j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
This review summarizes the applications of (4+3) cycloadditions, both classical and formal, in the syntheses of natural products in the last two decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zengsheng Yin
- Department of Chemistry
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry
- The University of Hong Kong
- P. R. China
| | - Yun He
- Department of Chemistry
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry
- The University of Hong Kong
- P. R. China
| | - Pauline Chiu
- Department of Chemistry
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry
- The University of Hong Kong
- P. R. China
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Zhurakovskyi O, Ellis SR, Thompson AL, Robertson J. Access to a Guanacastepene and Cortistatin-Related Skeleton via Ethynyl Lactone Ireland–Claisen Rearrangement and Transannular (4 + 3)-Cycloaddition of an Azatrimethylenemethane Diyl. Org Lett 2017; 19:2174-2177. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b00834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Oleksandr Zhurakovskyi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford,
Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Sam R. Ellis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford,
Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Amber L. Thompson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford,
Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Jeremy Robertson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford,
Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
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Yue PYK, Leung HM, Li AJ, Chan TNC, Lum TS, Chung YL, Sung YH, Wong MH, Leung KSY, Zeng EY. Angiosuppressive properties of marine-derived compounds-a mini review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:8990-9001. [PMID: 26520098 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-5536-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Angiogenesis, formation of new blood vessels from preexisting one, is a critical step of tumorgenesis of solid tumors. Therefore, antiangiogenic therapy is one of the promising approaches to control tumor growth. In the past 20 years, a lot of compounds have been tested for their antiangiogenic properties. Bevacizumab, Avastin®, the first antiangiogenic drug approved by the US FDA, has been widely used in clinic for treating cancer. Indeed, many synthetic compounds are highly toxic and exert side effects even though they are effective in inhibiting neovessel formation and cancer cell growth. Using natural compounds or their derivatives is one of the ways to solve these problems. Sinomenine and ginsenosides are common antiangiogenic and anticancer compounds that are extracted from herbal medicines. Recent findings suggested that marine algae-derived natural pigments also possess similar activities. It has been reported that fucoxanthin from Undaria pinnatifida, Siphonaxanthin from Codium fragile, can inhibit angiogenesis and cancer growth effectively. In conclusion, natural compounds derived from marine algae could provide a novel and safe source for new drug development in anticancer and antiangiogenic properties in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Y K Yue
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Hong Kong Baptist University, HKSAR, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong.
| | - H M Leung
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Hong Kong Baptist University, HKSAR, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Adela J Li
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hong Kong Baptist University, HKSAR, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Tracy N C Chan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Hong Kong Baptist University, HKSAR, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - T S Lum
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hong Kong Baptist University, HKSAR, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Y L Chung
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Hong Kong Baptist University, HKSAR, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Y H Sung
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Hong Kong Baptist University, HKSAR, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - M H Wong
- Department of Science and Environmental Studies, Hong Kong Institute of Education, HKSAR, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Kelvin S Y Leung
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hong Kong Baptist University, HKSAR, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Eddy Y Zeng
- School of Environment and Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposure and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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Kotoku N, Ito A, Shibuya S, Mizuno K, Takeshima A, Nogata M, Kobayashi M. Short-step synthesis and structure-activity relationship of cortistatin A analogs. Tetrahedron 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2017.01.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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9
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Kotoku N, Arai M, Kobayashi M. Search for Anti-angiogenic Substances from Natural Sources. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2016; 64:128-34. [PMID: 26833441 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c15-00744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
As angiogenesis is critical for tumor growth and metastasis, potent and selective anti-angiogenic agents with novel modes of action are highly needed for anti-cancer drug discovery. In this review, our studies focusing on the search for anti-angiogenic substances from natural sources, such as bastadins, globostellatic acid X methyl esters and cortistatins from marine sponges, and pyripyropenes from marine-derived fungus, together with senegasaponins from medicinal plant, are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoyuki Kotoku
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University
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Crossley SWM, Obradors C, Martinez RM, Shenvi RA. Mn-, Fe-, and Co-Catalyzed Radical Hydrofunctionalizations of Olefins. Chem Rev 2016; 116:8912-9000. [PMID: 27461578 PMCID: PMC5872827 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 624] [Impact Index Per Article: 78.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cofactor-mimetic aerobic oxidation has conceptually merged with catalysis of syngas reactions to form a wide range of Markovnikov-selective olefin radical hydrofunctionalizations. We cover the development of the field and review contributions to reaction invention, mechanism, and application to complex molecule synthesis. We also provide a mechanistic framework for understanding this compendium of radical reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven W M Crossley
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute , La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Carla Obradors
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute , La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Ruben M Martinez
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute , La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Ryan A Shenvi
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute , La Jolla, California 92037, United States
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Lepronier A, Achard T, Giordano L, Tenaglia A, Buono G, Clavier H. Palladium-Catalyzed [2+1] Cycloadditions Affording Vinylidenecyclopropanes as Precursors of 7-Membered Carbocycles. Adv Synth Catal 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201500971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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12
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Kuang L, Liu LL, Chiu P. Formal Total Synthesis of (+)-Cortistatins A and J. Chemistry 2015; 21:14287-91. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201502890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Kotoku N. Creation of Readily Accessible Analogue of Cortistatin A as an Antitumor Drug Lead. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2013; 133:867-72. [DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.13-00159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Naoyuki Kotoku
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University
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15
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Kotoku N, Sumii Y, Hayashi T, Tamura S, Kawachi T, Shiomura S, Arai M, Kobayashi M. Creation of readily accessible and orally active analogue of cortistatin a. ACS Med Chem Lett 2012; 3:673-7. [PMID: 24900528 DOI: 10.1021/ml300143d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2012] [Accepted: 07/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Syntheses of structurally simplified analogues of cortistatin A (1), a novel antiangiogenic steroidal alkaloid from Indonesian marine sponge, and their biological activities were investigated. The analogues were designed by considering the 3-D structure of 1. Compound 30, in which the isoquinoline moiety was appended to the planar tetracyclic core structure, showed potent antiproliferative activity against human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) together with high selectivity and also showed in vivo antiangiogenic activity and significant antitumor effect by oral administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoyuki Kotoku
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871,
Japan
| | - Yuji Sumii
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871,
Japan
| | - Takeshi Hayashi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871,
Japan
| | - Satoru Tamura
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871,
Japan
| | - Takashi Kawachi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871,
Japan
| | - Sho Shiomura
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871,
Japan
| | - Masayoshi Arai
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871,
Japan
| | - Motomasa Kobayashi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871,
Japan
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Nicolaou KC, Hale CRH, Nilewski C, Ioannidou HA. Constructing molecular complexity and diversity: total synthesis of natural products of biological and medicinal importance. Chem Soc Rev 2012; 41:5185-238. [PMID: 22743704 PMCID: PMC3426871 DOI: 10.1039/c2cs35116a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The advent of organic synthesis and the understanding of the molecule as they occurred in the nineteenth century and were refined in the twentieth century constitute two of the most profound scientific developments of all time. These discoveries set in motion a revolution that shaped the landscape of the molecular sciences and changed the world. Organic synthesis played a major role in this revolution through its ability to construct the molecules of the living world and others like them whose primary element is carbon. Although the early beginnings of organic synthesis came about serendipitously, organic chemists quickly recognized its potential and moved decisively to advance and exploit it in myriad ways for the benefit of mankind. Indeed, from the early days of the synthesis of urea and the construction of the first carbon-carbon bond, the art of organic synthesis improved to impressively high levels of sophistication. Through its practice, today chemists can synthesize organic molecules--natural and designed--of all types of structural motifs and for all intents and purposes. The endeavor of constructing natural products--the organic molecules of nature--is justly called both a creative art and an exact science. Often called simply total synthesis, the replication of nature's molecules in the laboratory reflects and symbolizes the state of the art of synthesis in general. In the last few decades a surge in total synthesis endeavors around the world led to a remarkable collection of achievements that covers a wide ranging landscape of molecular complexity and diversity. In this article, we present highlights of some of our contributions in the field of total synthesis of natural products of biological and medicinal importance. For perspective, we also provide a listing of selected examples of additional natural products synthesized in other laboratories around the world over the last few years.
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Affiliation(s)
- K C Nicolaou
- Department of Chemistry and Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
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Herndon JW. The chemistry of the carbon–transition metal double and triple bond: Annual survey covering the year 2010. Coord Chem Rev 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2012.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Defaut B, Parsons TB, Spencer N, Male L, Kariuki BM, Grainger RS. Synthesis of the trans-hydrindane core of dictyoxetane. Org Biomol Chem 2012; 10:4926-32. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ob25384d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Gui J, Wang D, Tian W. Biomimetic Synthesis of 5,6-dihydro-glaucogenin C: Construction of the Disecopregnane Skeleton by Iron(II)-Promoted Fragmentation of an α-Alkoxy Hydroperoxide. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201101893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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20
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Gui J, Wang D, Tian W. Biomimetic Synthesis of 5,6-dihydro-glaucogenin C: Construction of the Disecopregnane Skeleton by Iron(II)-Promoted Fragmentation of an α-Alkoxy Hydroperoxide. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 50:7093-6. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201101893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Kotoku N, Sumii Y, Kobayashi M. Stereoselective synthesis of core structure of cortistatin A. Org Lett 2011; 13:3514-7. [PMID: 21651309 DOI: 10.1021/ol201327u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A stereoselective synthesis of the core structure of cortistatin A (1), a novel antiangiogenic steroidal alkaloid from Indonesian marine sponge, is described. An 8-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octene system, a characteristic B-ring structure of 1, was elaborated by a 7-endo selective intramolecular Heck cyclization and a subsequent acid-mediated oxy-Michael reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoyuki Kotoku
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
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Shi J, Manolikakes G, Yeh CH, Guerrero CA, Shenvi RA, Shigehisa H, Baran PS. Scalable synthesis of cortistatin A and related structures. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:8014-27. [PMID: 21539314 DOI: 10.1021/ja202103e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Full details are provided for an improved synthesis of cortistatin A and related structures as well as the underlying logic and evolution of strategy. The highly functionalized cortistatin A-ring embedded with a key heteroadamantane was synthesized by a simple and scalable five-step sequence. A chemoselective, tandem geminal dihalogenation of an unactivated methyl group, a reductive fragmentation/trapping/elimination of a bromocyclopropane, and a facile chemoselective etherification reaction afforded the cortistatin A core, dubbed "cortistatinone". A selective Δ(16)-alkene reduction with Raney Ni provided cortistatin A. With this scalable and practical route, copious quantities of cortistatinone, Δ(16)-cortistatin A (the equipotent direct precursor to cortistatin A), and its related analogues were prepared for further biological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Shi
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
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Liu LL, Chiu P. An expeditious asymmetric synthesis of the pentacyclic core of the cortistatins by an intramolecular (4+3) cycloaddition. Chem Commun (Camb) 2011; 47:3416-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cc00087j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Kotoku N, Kobayashi M, Sumii Y, Hayashi T. Synthetic Study of Carbocyclic Core of Cortistatin A, an Anti-Angiogenic Steroidal Alkaloid from Marine Sponge. HETEROCYCLES 2011. [DOI: 10.3987/com-11-12195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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