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Chen L, Li X. Simultaneous identification and enantioseparation of ofloxacin and duloxetine without the single standard and computational calculation of their inclusion complexes. Chirality 2024; 36:e23661. [PMID: 38454837 DOI: 10.1002/chir.23661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Given the markedly different pharmacological activities between enantiomeric isomers, it is crucial to encourage the stereoselective determination of chiral drugs in the biological and pharmaceutical fields, and the combination of drugs makes this analysis more complicated and challenging. Herein, a capillary electrophoresis (CE) method for the enantioseparation of ofloxacin and duloxetine was established, enabling the simultaneous identification of four isomers in nonracemic mixtures with enantiomeric excess (ee%) values exceeding 5%. This was achieved through the integration of theoretical simulation and electron circular dichroism (ECD), all without reliance on individual standards. Molecular modeling explained and verified the migration time differences of these isomers in electrophoretic separation. Moreover, the correlation coefficients (R2 ) between the enantiomeric peak area differentials and ee% were both above 0.99. Recovery rates were quantified using bovine serum as the matrix, with results ranging from 93.32% to 101.03% (RSD = 0.030) and 92.69% to 100.52% (RSD = 0.028) for these two chiral drugs at an ee value of 23.1%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixia Chen
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Binzhou Institute of Technology, Weiqiao-UCAS Science and Technology Park, Binzhou, China
| | - Xiangjun Li
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Binzhou Institute of Technology, Weiqiao-UCAS Science and Technology Park, Binzhou, China
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2
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Alatawi RAS. Construction of Amino‐Functionalized Molecularly Imprinted Silica Particles for (±)‐Ofloxacin Chiral Separation. ChemistrySelect 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202204455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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3
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Chen L, Ge L, Liang Q, Zhao Z, Yang K. Eutectic solvents formed by (+)-DTTA and L-menthol as novel chiral recognition and separation media for enantioselective extraction of valsartan enantiomers. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.120818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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4
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Yan J, Zhu Y, Hu G, Liang Q, Ge L, Yang K. Chiral quaternary ammonium ionic liquids derived from natural dehydroabietylamine and their potential application in chiral molecular recognition. Tetrahedron 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2022.133165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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5
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Li Y, Zhou J, Gu J, Shao Q, Chen Y. Enhanced antibacterial activity of levofloxacin/hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin inclusion complex: In vitro and in vivo evaluation. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2022; 215:112514. [PMID: 35490541 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2022.112514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Levofloxacin is the levo-enantiomer of ofloxacin (a fluoroquinolone class of antibacterial drug). Cyclodextrins (CDs) including hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPβCD) are generally used as a chiral selector for the enantioseparation of some drugs including levofloxacin or as a drug/food nanocarrier for the efficacy improvement of many pharmaceuticals. We hypothesized that the cyclodextrin inclusion is potentially able to further improve the antibacterial activity of levofloxacin. To test this hypothesis, the levofloxacin/HPβCD inclusion complex was prepared by the freeze-drying method and characterized by phase solubility diagram, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray diffractometry (XRD), UV-Vis spectrophotometer, and 1H NMR spectroscopy, confirming the successful HPβCD inclusion of levofloxacin. The in vitro antibacterial effects of HPβCD, levofloxacin, and the levofloxacin/HPβCD inclusion complex against four different bacterial strains in liquid media and on agar plates were determined/compared (an MIC90 of 0.5-1.0 μg/mL for the inclusion complex compared with that of 1.0-2.0 μg/mL for free levofloxacin in liquid). Moreover, the in vivo antibacterial effects of levofloxacin and levofloxacin/HPβCD inclusion complex were tested by using a skin scald model in mice infected with Staphylococcus aureus, and decreased amounts of both bacteria and leukocytes were detected in scalded skin after the inclusion complex treatment. The data revealed that the levofloxacin/HPβCD inclusion complex had an enhanced antibacterial activity compared with free levofloxacin. It implies that cyclodextrins (e.g. HPβCD) may have a beneficial role when using as a chiral selector or as a drug nanocarrier for levofloxacin and that the levofloxacin/HPβCD inclusion complex has the potential of being developed into a pharmaceutical for antibacterial therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanfang Li
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Microscale interdisciplinary Study, Institute for Advanced Study, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031, PR China
| | - Jinhua Zhou
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Microscale interdisciplinary Study, Institute for Advanced Study, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031, PR China
| | - Jiaxuan Gu
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Microscale interdisciplinary Study, Institute for Advanced Study, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031, PR China
| | - Qingqing Shao
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Microscale interdisciplinary Study, Institute for Advanced Study, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031, PR China
| | - Yong Chen
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Microscale interdisciplinary Study, Institute for Advanced Study, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031, PR China.
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Manjula N, Pulikkutty S, Chen TW, Chen SM, Liu X. Hexagon prism-shaped cerium ferrite embedded on GC electrode for electrochemical detection of antibiotic drug ofloxacin in biological sample. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2021.127129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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7
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Zhu Y, Ge L, Chen Y, Chen Y, Liang Y, Wang Y, Yang K. Dehydroabietic acid-based chiral ionic liquids: Their synthesis and potential enantiomeric recognition ability. Tetrahedron 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2020.131567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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8
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Nie L, Yohannes A, Yao S. Recent advances in the enantioseparation promoted by ionic liquids and their resolution mechanisms. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1626:461384. [PMID: 32797857 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
More and more various chemical media are being applied in enantioseparation; among them, ionic liquids (ILs) have attracted the long-term attention in this decade as green designable solvents. This paper provides comprehensive overview for the applications of ILs in chiral extraction, gas chromatography, liquid chromatography, capillary electrophoresis and other techniques for enantioseparation. Additionally, the important resolution mechanisms based on ILs have also been summarized and discussed. This review focuses on the latest development of enantioseparation methods by using ILs in various modes, leading to meaningful and valuable information to related fields and thus promotes further research and application of reported methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lirong Nie
- School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, 516 Jungong Road, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Alula Yohannes
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, No.24 South Section 1, Yihuan Road, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Shun Yao
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, No.24 South Section 1, Yihuan Road, Chengdu 610065, China.
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Flieger J, Feder-Kubis J, Tatarczak-Michalewska M. Chiral Ionic Liquids: Structural Diversity, Properties and Applications in Selected Separation Techniques. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E4253. [PMID: 32549300 PMCID: PMC7352568 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ionic liquids (ILs) are chemical compounds composed of ions with melting points below 100 °C exhibiting a design feature. ILs are commonly used as the so-called green solvents, reagents or highly efficient catalysts in varied chemical processes. The huge application potential of ionic liquids (IL) justifies the growing interest in these compounds. In the last decade, increasing attention has been devoted to the development of new methods in the synthesis of stable chiral ionic liquids (CILs) and their application in various separation techniques. The beginnings of the successful use of CILs to separate enantiomers date back to the 1990 s. Most chiral ILs are based on chiral cations or chiral anions. There is also a limited number of CILs possessing both a chiral cation and a chiral anion. Due to the high molecular diversity of both ions, of which at least one has a chiral center, we have the possibility to design a large variety of optically active structures, thus expanding the range of CIL applications. Research utilizing chiral ionic liquids only recently has become more popular. However, it is the area that still has great potential for future development. This review aimed to describe the diversity of structures, properties and examples of applications of chiral ionic liquids as new chiral solid materials and chiral components of the anisotropic environment, providing chiral recognition of enantiomeric analytes, which is useful in liquid chromatography, countercurrent chromatography and other various CIL-based extraction techniques including aqueous biphasic (ABS) extraction systems, solid-liquid two-phase systems, liquid-liquid extraction systems with hydrophilic CILs, liquid-liquid extraction systems with hydrophobic CILs, solid-phase extraction and induced-precipitation techniques developed in the recent years. The growing demand for pure enantiomers in the pharmaceutical and food industries sparks further development in the field of extraction and separation systems modified with CILs highlighting them as affordable and environmentally friendly both chiral selectors and solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolanta Flieger
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Joanna Feder-Kubis
- Department of Process Engineering and Technology of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland;
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10
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Liu Q, Tang J, Chen D, Zhou Y, Lin Q, Ma X, Zhang M, Hu H. [Hmim]PF6 enhanced the extraction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from soil with the QuEChERS method. ARAB J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2019.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
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11
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Enantioseparation and sensitive analysis of ofloxacin by poly(3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine) functionalized magnetic nanoparticles-based solid phase extraction in combination with on-line concentration capillary electrophoresis. J Chromatogr A 2019; 1587:14-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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12
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Rebizi MN, Sekkoum K, Belboukhari N, Cheriti A, Aboul-Enein HY. Liquid Chromatographic Enantioseparation of Some Fluoroquinoline Drugs Using Several Polysaccharide-Based Chiral Stationary Phases. J Chromatogr Sci 2018; 56:835-845. [PMID: 29931194 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmy061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
The enantioseparation of three fluoroquinoline antibacterial drugs, namely, flumequine, ofloxacin and lomefloxacin using high-performance liquid chromatography was optimized on seven polysaccharide-derived chiral stationary phases, namely, Chiralpak® IB, chiralpak® IA, Chiralpak® AD, Chiralcel® OJ, Chiralcel® OD, Chiralcel® OD-H and Chiralcel® OZ-3 and applying different mobile phases in isocratic mode is described. The role of addition of organic additives was also investigated. A baseline separation of flumequine, ofloxacin and lomefloxacin enantiomers was achieved. Parameters influencing enantioseparation including mobile phase, organic additive and chemical nature of the chiral selector found to be highly influencing on the enantiomeric separation were investigated. Chiral recognition mechanism(s) are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Nadjib Rebizi
- Bioactive Molecules & Chiral separation Laboratory, University of Bechar, Bechar, Algeria
| | - Khaled Sekkoum
- Bioactive Molecules & Chiral separation Laboratory, University of Bechar, Bechar, Algeria
| | - Nasser Belboukhari
- Bioactive Molecules & Chiral separation Laboratory, University of Bechar, Bechar, Algeria
| | - Abdelkrim Cheriti
- Phytochemistry & Organic Synthesis Laboratory, University of Bechar, Bechar, Algeria
| | - Hassan Y Aboul-Enein
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Division, National Research Center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
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13
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Ianni F, Pucciarini L, Carotti A, Natalini S, Raskildina GZ, Sardella R, Natalini B. Last ten years (2008-2018) of chiral ligand-exchange chromatography in HPLC: An updated review. J Sep Sci 2018; 42:21-37. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201800724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Federica Ianni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Section of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs; University of Perugia; Perugia Italy
| | - Lucia Pucciarini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Section of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs; University of Perugia; Perugia Italy
| | - Andrea Carotti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Section of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs; University of Perugia; Perugia Italy
| | - Serena Natalini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Care; S. Giovanni Battista Hospital of Foligno; Foligno Italy
| | | | - Roccaldo Sardella
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Section of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs; University of Perugia; Perugia Italy
| | - Benedetto Natalini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Section of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs; University of Perugia; Perugia Italy
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14
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Chiral recognition of propranolol enantiomers by chiral ionic liquid: A quantum chemical calculation analysis. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2018.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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15
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Suitability of 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium ionic liquids for the analysis of pharmaceutical formulations containing tricyclic antidepressants. J Chromatogr A 2018; 1559:118-127. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.11.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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16
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Hassan RM, Yehia AM, Saleh OA, El-Azzouny AA, Aboul-Enein HY. Structure-retention relationship for enantioseparation of selected fluoroquinolones. Chirality 2018; 30:828-836. [DOI: 10.1002/chir.22861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2018] [Revised: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rasha M. Hassan
- Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Division; National Research Centre (ID: 60014618); Giza Egypt
| | - Ali M. Yehia
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy; Cairo University; Cairo Egypt
| | - Ola A. Saleh
- Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Division; National Research Centre (ID: 60014618); Giza Egypt
| | - Aida A. El-Azzouny
- Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Division; National Research Centre (ID: 60014618); Giza Egypt
| | - Hassan Y. Aboul-Enein
- Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Division; National Research Centre (ID: 60014618); Giza Egypt
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17
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Thermodynamic parameters and isotherm application on enantiomeric separation of levofloxacin using hollow fiber supported liquid membrane system. Sep Purif Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2017.12.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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18
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19
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Ding G, Zhang W, Zhang Z, Guo D, Tang G, Li Y, Li J, Cao Y. A mechanistic study of geminal dicationic ionic liquids as mobile phase additives for improving the separation performance of high-performance liquid chromatography. Anal Bioanal Chem 2017; 409:4581-4592. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-017-0400-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Revised: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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20
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Wang S, Han C, Wang S, Bai L, Li S, Luo J, Kong L. Development of a high speed counter-current chromatography system with Cu(II)-chiral ionic liquid complexes and hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin as dual chiral selectors for enantioseparation of naringenin. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1471:155-163. [PMID: 27765421 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.10.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Revised: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cu(II) complexed amino acid ionic liquid, Cu(II)-[1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium][L-Pro] (Cu(II)-[BMIm][L-Pro]), was successfully adopted as chiral ligand to improve the enantioseparation efficiency in high speed counter-current chromatography (HSCCC). For the enantioseparation of intractable naringenin (NRG) racemic mixtures, Cu(II)-[BMIm][L-Pro] coupled with hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) was successfully applied as dual chiral selectors in HSCCC. The influence of important parameters, including the concentration of the chiral selectors, the pH value, and the temperature were investigated. Under optimal conditions, 4.5mg of (+)-NRG and 4.1mg of (-)-NRG were successfully separated from 10mg NRG racemic mixtures with the purity of 98%. The chiral recognition mechanism of dual chiral selectors was illuminated by the UV-vis and NMR spectra, suggesting that the enantioseparation was upon the difference of the thermodynamic stability of the quaternary complexes of Cu(II), [BMIm][L-Pro], HP-β-CD, and NRG. The results illustrated that the developed HSCCC system, based on the synergistic mechanism of Cu(II)-[BMIm][L-Pro] and HP-β-CD, exhibited better performance on enantioseparation and had great application potential in preparative chiral separation of natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Chao Han
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Sisi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Lijuan Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Shanshan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Jianguang Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, PR China.
| | - Lingyi Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, PR China.
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21
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Huang L, Chen YT, Li YX, Yu LS. Application of Chiral Ionic Liquid-Modified Gold Nanoparticles in the Chiral Recognition of Amino Acid Enantiomers. APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY 2016; 70:1649-1654. [PMID: 27418633 DOI: 10.1177/0003702816645353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2015] [Accepted: 02/21/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Two chiral ionic liquids (ILs), namely 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazole l-tartrate (EMIML-Tar) and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazole l-lactate (EMIML-Lac), were used to modify gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) for chiral recognition of amino acid enantiomers. Transmission electron microscopy, infrared spectroscopy, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, and capillary electrophoresis were used for the characterization of chiral IL-modified AuNPs. Meanwhile, the performance of l-tartaric acid and l-lactic acid as modifiers was investigated to make a comparison. The chiral recognition mechanism is further discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Huang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yi-Ting Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yan-Xia Li
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Li-Shuang Yu
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
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22
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Maia AS, Castro PML, Tiritan ME. Integrated liquid chromatography method in enantioselective studies: Biodegradation of ofloxacin by an activated sludge consortium. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2016; 1029-1030:174-183. [PMID: 27433982 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2016.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2016] [Revised: 06/12/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Ofloxacin is a chiral fluoroquinolone commercialized as racemate and as its enantiomerically pure form levofloxacin. This work presents an integrated liquid chromatography (LC) method with fluorescence detection (FD) and exact mass spectrometry (EMS) developed to assess the enantiomeric biodegradation of ofloxacin and levofloxacin in laboratory-scale microcosms. The optimized enantioseparation conditions were achieved using a macrocyclic antibiotic ristocetin A-bonded CSP (150×2.1mm i.d.; particle size 5μm) under reversed-phase elution mode. The method was validated using a mineral salts medium as matrix and presented selectivity and linearity over a concentration range from 5μgL(-1) (quantification limit) to 350μgL(-1) for each enantiomer. The method was successfully applied to evaluate biodegradation of ofloxacin enantiomers at 250μgL(-1) by an activated sludge inoculum. Ofloxacin (racemic mixture) and (S)-enantiomer (levofloxacin) were degraded up to 58 and 52%, respectively. An additional degradable carbon source, acetate, enhanced biodegradation up to 23%. (S)-enantiomer presented the highest extent of degradation (66.8%) when ofloxacin was supplied along with acetate. Results indicated slightly higher biodegradation extents for the (S)-enantiomer when supplementation was done with ofloxacin. Degradation occurred faster in the first 3days and proceeded slowly until the end of the assays. The chromatographic results from LC-FD suggested the formation of the (R)-enantiomer during levofloxacin biodegradation which was confirmed by LC-MS with a LTQ Orbitrap XL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra S Maia
- CESPU, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde, Rua Central de Gandra, 1317, 4585-116 Gandra PRD, Portugal; Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Arquiteto Lobão Vital, Apartado 2511, 4202-401 Porto, Portugal
| | - Paula M L Castro
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Arquiteto Lobão Vital, Apartado 2511, 4202-401 Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria Elizabeth Tiritan
- CESPU, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde, Rua Central de Gandra, 1317, 4585-116 Gandra PRD, Portugal; Laboratório de Química Orgânica e Farmacêutica, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR/CIMAR), Universidade do Porto, Rua dos Bragas 289, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal.
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23
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Ionic liquid as a mobile phase additive in high-performance liquid chromatography for the simultaneous determination of eleven fluorescent whitening agents in paper materials. J Sep Sci 2016; 39:1242-8. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201501050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Revised: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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24
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Liang X, Zhao L, Deng M, Liu L, Ma Y, Guo X. Separation of Ofloxacin and Its Six Related Substances Enantiomers by Chiral Ligand-Exchange Chromatography. Chirality 2015; 27:843-9. [DOI: 10.1002/chir.22527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2015] [Revised: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xinlei Liang
- School of Pharmacy; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang Liaoning Province P.R. China
| | - Longshan Zhao
- School of Pharmacy; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang Liaoning Province P.R. China
| | - Miaoduo Deng
- School of Pharmacy; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang Liaoning Province P.R. China
| | - Lijie Liu
- School of Pharmacy; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang Liaoning Province P.R. China
| | - Yongfu Ma
- School of Pharmacy; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang Liaoning Province P.R. China
| | - Xingjie Guo
- School of Pharmacy; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang Liaoning Province P.R. China
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Zhang M, Mallik AK, Takafuji M, Ihara H, Qiu H. Versatile ligands for high-performance liquid chromatography: An overview of ionic liquid-functionalized stationary phases. Anal Chim Acta 2015; 887:1-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2015.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2015] [Revised: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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26
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On the use of ionic liquids as mobile phase additives in high-performance liquid chromatography. A review. Anal Chim Acta 2015; 883:1-21. [PMID: 26088771 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2015.03.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Revised: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The popularity of ionic liquids (ILs) has grown during the last decades in several analytical separation techniques. Consequently, the number of reports devoted to the applications of ILs is still increasing. This review is focused on the use of ILs (mainly imidazolium-based associated to chloride and tetrafluoroborate) as mobile phase additives in high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). In this approach, ILs just function as salts, but keep several kinds of intermolecular interactions, which are useful for chromatographic separations. Both cation and anion can be adsorbed on the stationary phase, creating a bilayer. This gives rise to hydrophobic, electrostatic and other specific interactions with the stationary phase and solutes, which modify the retention behaviour and peak shape. This review updates the advances in this field, with emphasis on topics not always deeply considered in the literature, such as the mechanisms of retention, the estimation of the suppressing potency of silanols, modelling and optimisation of the chromatographic performance, and the comparison with other additives traditionally used to avoid the silanol problem.
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27
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Dicationic imidazolium ionic liquid modified silica as a novel reversed-phase/anion-exchange mixed-mode stationary phase for high-performance liquid chromatography. J Sep Sci 2014; 37:2153-9. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201400176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2014] [Revised: 04/28/2014] [Accepted: 05/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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28
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Multiple Response Optimization of a HPLC Method for the Determination of Enantiomeric Purity of S-Ofloxacin. Chromatographia 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-014-2699-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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29
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Yan H, Qiao F. RAPID SCREENING OF OFLOXACIN ENANTIOMERS IN HUMAN URINE BY MOLECULARLY IMPRINTED SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION COUPLED WITH LIGAND EXCHANGE CHROMATOGRAPHY. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2013.789795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongyuan Yan
- a College of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Hebei University , Baoding , China
| | - Fengxia Qiao
- b Department of Biochemistry , Baoding University , Baoding , China
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30
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Huang Y, Yao S, Song H. Application of ionic liquids in liquid chromatography and electrodriven separation. J Chromatogr Sci 2014; 51:739-52. [PMID: 23833208 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmt076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Ionic liquids (ILs) are salts in the liquid state at ambient temperature, which are nonvolatile, nonflammable with high thermal stability and dissolve easily for a wide range of inorganic and organic materials. As a kind of potential green solvent, they show high efficiency and selectivity in the field of separation research, especially in instrumental analysis. Thus far, ILs have been successfully applied by many related researchers in high-performance liquid chromatography and capillary electrophoresis as chromatographic stationary phases, mobile phase additives or electroosmotic flow modifiers. This paper provides a detailed review of these applications in the study of natural products, foods, drugs and other fine chemicals. Furthermore, the prospects of ILs in liquid chromatographic and electrodriven techniques are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Huang
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
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31
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Ho TD, Zhang C, Hantao LW, Anderson JL. Ionic liquids in analytical chemistry: fundamentals, advances, and perspectives. Anal Chem 2013; 86:262-85. [PMID: 24205989 DOI: 10.1021/ac4035554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 374] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tien D Ho
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Toledo , Toledo, Ohio 43606, United States
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32
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Zhang H, Qi L, Shen Y, Qiao J, Mao L. l-Lysine-derived ionic liquids as chiral ligands of Zn(II) complexes used in ligand-exchange CE. Electrophoresis 2013; 34:846-53. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201200388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2012] [Revised: 09/18/2012] [Accepted: 11/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Li Qi
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences; Key Lab of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems; Institute of Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing; P. R. China
| | | | - Juan Qiao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences; Key Lab of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems; Institute of Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing; P. R. China
| | - Lanqun Mao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences; Key Lab of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems; Institute of Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing; P. R. China
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33
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Zhang H, Qi L, Mu X, Zhou X, Li D, Mao L. Influence of ionic liquids as electrolyte additives on chiral separation of dansylated amino acids by using Zn(II) complex mediated chiral ligand exchange CE. J Sep Sci 2013; 36:886-91. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201200908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2012] [Revised: 11/12/2012] [Accepted: 11/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Li Qi
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences; Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems; Institute of Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing; P. R. China
| | | | - Xiaoping Zhou
- Department of Chemistry; Shantou University; Guangdong; P. R. China
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Chemistry; Shantou University; Guangdong; P. R. China
| | - Lanqun Mao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences; Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems; Institute of Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing; P. R. China
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34
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Qiu H, Jiang S, Takafuji M, Ihara H. Polyanionic and polyzwitterionic azobenzene ionic liquid-functionalized silica materials and their chromatographic applications. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 49:2454-6. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cc00138e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Abstract
Capillary electrophoresis (CE) has matured to one of the major liquid phase enantiodifferentiation techniques since the first report in 1985. This can be primarily attributed to the flexibility as well as the various modes available including electrokinetic chromatography (EKC), micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC), and microemulsion electrokinetic chromatography (MEEKC). In contrast to chromatographic techniques, the chiral selector is mobile in the background electrolyte. Furthermore, a large variety of chiral selectors are available that can be easily combined in the same separation system. In addition, the migration order of the enantiomers can be adjusted by a number of approaches. In CE enantiodifferentiations the separation principle is comparable to chromatography while the principle of the movement of the analytes in the capillary is based on electrophoretic phenomena. The present chapter will focus on mechanistic aspects of CE enantioseparations including enantiomer migration order and the current understanding of selector-selectand structures. Selected examples of the basic enantioseparation modes EKC, MEKC, and MEEKC will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerhard K E Scriba
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 14, 07743, Jena, Germany,
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36
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Hu SQ, Lü WJ, Ma YH, Hu Q, Dong LJ, Chen XG. Chiral separation of β-blockers by MEEKC using neutral microemulsion: Analysis of separation mechanism and further elucidation of resolution equation. Electrophoresis 2012; 34:260-8. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201200150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2012] [Revised: 07/26/2012] [Accepted: 08/16/2012] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Xing-Guo Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry; Lanzhou University; Lanzhou; P. R. China
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37
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Porcar R, Ríos-Lombardía N, Busto E, Gotor-Fernández V, Montejo-Bernardo J, García-Granda S, Luis SV, Gotor V, Alfonso I, García-Verdugo E. Chiral Triazolium Salts and Ionic Liquids: From the Molecular Design Vectors to Their Physical Properties through Specific Supramolecular Interactions. Chemistry 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201202274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Mu X, Qi L, Shen Y, Zhang H, Qiao J, Ma H. A novel chiral ligand exchange capillary electrophoresis system with amino acid ionic liquid as ligand and its application in screening D-amino-acid oxidase inhibitors. Analyst 2012; 137:4235-40. [PMID: 22858807 DOI: 10.1039/c2an35753d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A novel amino acid ionic liquid (AAIL) with L-ornithine (L-Orn) as anion was successfully synthesized, and subsequently applied as an available chiral ligand coordinated with Zn(II) in a chiral ligand exchange capillary electrophoresis (CLE-CE) system for the enantioseparation of dansyl amino acids (Dns-D,L-AAs). The influence of key parameters, such as buffer pH, concentration ratio of Zn(II) to ligand and complex concentration, was investigated in detail. Eleven pairs of Dns-D,L-AAs enantiomers were baseline separated and three pairs were partly separated under the optimum conditions. For exploring its potential application, the quantitative features of this proposed method were studied. Good linearity (r(2) = 0.999) and favorable repeatability (RSD ≤ 3.4%) were obtained by using Dns-D,L-Met as the test analyte. Finally, this method was employed to investigate the inhibition efficiency of d-amino acid oxidase (DAAO) inhibitors, which may pave a new way for the high-throughput screening of enzyme inhibitors and relevant drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Mu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
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40
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Ionic liquids with amino acids as cations: Novel chiral ligands in chiral ligand-exchange capillary electrophoresis. Talanta 2012; 97:349-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2012.04.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2012] [Revised: 04/12/2012] [Accepted: 04/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Schmid MG. Chiral metal-ion complexes for enantioseparation by capillary electrophoresis and capillary electrochromatography: a selective review. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1267:10-6. [PMID: 22897866 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.07.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2012] [Revised: 07/20/2012] [Accepted: 07/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This review gives an overview about chiral separation by capillary electrophoresis and capillary electrochromatography using different chiral metal-ion complexes. The topic enantioseparation is still of big interest for chiral drugs and natural compounds. Regarding chiral drugs it is often the case that the enantiomers differ in activity. The chiral separation principle of ligand-exchange (LE) can be enabled for liquid chromatography, capillary electrophoresis as well as for capillary electrochromatography. Ligand-exchange can be applied particularly for chiral amino acids, amino alcohols or α-hydroxy acids. Examples and applications are given along with the latest developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- M G Schmid
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Karl-Franzens-University, Graz, Austria.
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42
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Fang Z, Guo Z, Qin Q, Fan J, Yin Y, Zhang W. Semi-preparative enantiomeric separation of ofloxacin by HPLC. J Chromatogr Sci 2012; 51:133-7. [PMID: 22815212 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bms117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
A direct semi-preparative high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) enantioseparation of ofloxacin was performed on chemically immobilized cyclodextrin derivative-mono (6A-azido-6A-deoxy)-per(p-chlorophenyl carbamoylated) β-CD chiral stationary phase. Conditions for semi-preparative separations were established using a 250 × 4.6 mm i.d. column and subsequently extended to a 250 × 10.0 mm i.d. column that enabled separations on a milligram scale. Optimization of the chromatographic conditions (mobile phase and column load) with respect to better efficiency, resolution and peak retention resulted in a system capable of separating up to 304 mg of (-)-(S)-ofloxacin and 56 mg of (+)-(R)-ofloxacin of the racemate over 6 h. The purities of the separated enantiomers were determined by HPLC. Moreover, both separated enantiomers were characterized by mass spectrometry; then, the absolute configuration of the products was clearly confirmed by polarimetry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhili Fang
- Institute of Special Materials/School of Chemistry and Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
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43
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Bi W, Li S, Row KH. Eco-friendly separation of catechins using cyclodextrins as mobile phase additives in RP-HPLC. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2012; 23:308-314. [PMID: 21997746 DOI: 10.1002/pca.1359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2011] [Revised: 07/27/2011] [Accepted: 07/28/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND New mobile phases for RP-HPLC were developed for the separation of catechin compounds in tea. Cyclodextrin mobile phase additives decreased the use of toxic and inflammable organic solvents without compromising resolution or separation efficiency. AIMS To develop a simple greener method for analyzing five tea catechins in RP-HPLC, the mobile phase condition was optimized and the lowest organic modifier proportion with content resolutions and retention factors were obtained. MATERIALS & METHODS Eco-friendly cyclodextrins were used as mobile phase additives to decrease the proportion of organic modifier and improve resolutions and retention factors. RESULTS The effects of several physico-chemical parameters on the retention factors were investigate d and the optimum conditions were obtained on a conventional C₁₈ column, where the mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile/water (12/88, v/v) with 1.5 mmol/L β-cyclodextrin at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. DISCUSSION Cyclodextrins can separate analytes through host-guest complexation, where a transient diastereomeric complex is formed between the cyclodextrin and the analyte. β-Cyclodextrin is the most accessible, the least expensive and generally the most useful cyclodextrin. CONCLUSION This work developed a simple eco-friendly method with the lowest concentration of organic solvents. Under the optimal condition, five catechins could be baseline separated within 17 minutes in the isocratic mode. This research exhibited the potential for the separation and determination of other active compounds from natural plants by a greener method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wentao Bi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 402-751, Korea
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Abstract
AbstractEnantiomers (stereoisomers) can exhibit substantially different properties if present in chiral environments. Since chirality is a basic property of nature, the different behaviors of the individual enantiomers must be carefully studied and properly treated. Therefore, enantioselective separations are a very important part of separation science. To achieve the separation of enantiomers, an enantioselective environment must be created by the addition of a chiral selector to the separation system. Many chiral selectors have been designed and used in various fields, such as the analyses of drugs, food constituents and agrochemicals. The most popular have become the chiral selectors and/or chiral stationary phases that are of general use, i.e., are applicable in various separation systems and allow for chiral separation of structurally different compounds. This review covers the most important chiral selectors / chiral stationary phases described and applied in high performance liquid chromatography and capillary electrophoresis during the period of the last three years (2008–2011).
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Qiu H, Mallik AK, Takafuji M, Jiang S, Ihara H. New poly(ionic liquid)-grafted silica multi-mode stationary phase for anion-exchange/reversed-phase/hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography. Analyst 2012; 137:2553-5. [DOI: 10.1039/c2an35348b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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47
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J. Ward
- Millsaps College, 1701 N. State Street, Box 150306, Jackson, Mississippi 39210, United States
| | - Karen D. Ward
- Millsaps College, 1701 N. State Street, Box 150306, Jackson, Mississippi 39210, United States
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Selective extraction and separation of oxymatrine from Sophora flavescens Ait. extract by silica-confined ionic liquid. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2011; 880:108-13. [PMID: 22138590 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2011.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2011] [Revised: 11/09/2011] [Accepted: 11/15/2011] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
This study highlighted the application of a two-stepped extraction method for extraction and separation of oxymatrine from Sophora flavescens Ait. extract by utilizing silica-confined ionic liquids as sorbent. The optimized silica-confined ionic liquid was firstly mixed with plant extract to adsorb oxymatrine. Simultaneously, some interference, such as matrine, was removed. The obtained suspension was then added to a cartridge for solid phase extraction. Through these two steps, target compound was adequately separated from interferences with 93.4% recovery. In comparison with traditional solid phase extraction, this method accelerates loading and reduces the use of organic solvents during washing. Moreover, the optimization of loading volume was simplified as optimization of solid/liquid ratio.
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Schmid MG, Gübitz G. Enantioseparation by chromatographic and electromigration techniques using ligand-exchange as chiral separation principle. Anal Bioanal Chem 2011; 400:2305-16. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-011-4737-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2010] [Revised: 12/21/2010] [Accepted: 01/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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