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Treatment of intrabony periodontal defects in controlled diabetic patients with an enamel matrix derivative: a split-mouth randomized clinical trial. Clin Oral Investig 2021; 26:2479-2489. [PMID: 34643808 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-021-04215-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This split-mouth randomized controlled trial aimed to evaluate the effect of enamel matrix derivative (EMD) associated with a simplified papilla preservation flap (SPPF) compared to SPPF alone in the surgical treatment of intrabony defects (ID) in type 2 diabetic mellitus (T2DM) patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS Thirteen patients with controlled T2DM presenting with ID in at least two quadrants were included. In each patient, the test site (TS) was treated with SPPF plus EMD, whereas the control site (CS) was treated only with SPPF. Prior to surgery and at 6 months after intervention, the following parameters were evaluated: clinical attachment level (CAL), probing pocket depth (PPD), and gingival recession (GR). RESULTS The TS and CS demonstrated a mean CAL gain of 3.31 ± 0.96 mm and 1.61 ± 1.12 mm, and a PPD reduction from 8.15 ± 0.98 to 3.00 ± 0.57 mm and 7.53 ± 0.96 to 4.69 ± 0.63 mm after 6 months, respectively. In both sites, the mean CAL gain and PPD reduction improved significantly after 6 months compared to baseline; however, the improvement was higher in the TS (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Both surgical procedures presented with clinical improvements in controlled T2DM patients. However, the additional use of EMD showed enhanced clinical results after 6 months with regard to CAL gain and PPD reduction. CLINICAL RELEVANCE This study showed a better PPD reduction and CAL gain when an EMD was applied in addition to SPPF. Therefore, EMD may be used to enhance clinical outcomes in periodontal ID of controlled T2DM patients.
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Amelogenin-Derived Peptides in Bone Regeneration: A Systematic Review. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179224. [PMID: 34502132 PMCID: PMC8431254 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Amelogenins are enamel matrix proteins currently used to treat bone defects in periodontal surgery. Recent studies have highlighted the relevance of amelogenin-derived peptides, named LRAP, TRAP, SP, and C11, in bone tissue engineering. Interestingly, these peptides seem to maintain or even improve the biological activity of the full-length protein, which has received attention in the field of bone regeneration. In this article, the authors combined a systematic and a narrative review. The former is focused on the existing scientific evidence on LRAP, TRAP, SP, and C11's ability to induce the production of mineralized extracellular matrix, while the latter is concentrated on the structure and function of amelogenin and amelogenin-derived peptides. Overall, the collected data suggest that LRAP and SP are able to induce stromal stem cell differentiation towards osteoblastic phenotypes; specifically, SP seems to be more reliable in bone regenerative approaches due to its osteoinduction and the absence of immunogenicity. However, even if some evidence is convincing, the limited number of studies and the scarcity of in vivo studies force us to wait for further investigations before drawing a solid final statement on the real potential of amelogenin-derived peptides in bone tissue engineering.
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Hashim SNM, Yusof MFH, Zahari W, Noordin KBAA, Akamatsu T, Azlina A. Amniotic membrane matrix effects on calcineurin-NFAT-related gene expressions of SHED treated with VEGF for endothelial differentiation. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2021; 57:560-570. [PMID: 34021476 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-021-00588-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The nuclear factor of activated T-cell (NFAT) signaling pathway is involved in angiogenesis following initiation by vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). A number of angiogenic genes have been associated with calcineurin in the NFAT pathway, forming a calcineurin-NFAT pathway. This study aims to investigate the involvement of four angiogenic genes within the calcineurin-NFAT pathway in the endothelial-like differentiation of stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) cultured on a human amniotic membrane (HAM) induced by VEGF. SHED were induced with VEGF for 24 h, then cultured on the stromal side of HAM. The cells were then further induced with VEGF until days 1 and 14. To understand the role of calcineurin, its potent inhibitor, cyclosporin A (CsA), was added into the culture. Results from SEM and H&E analyses showed SHED grew on HAM surface. Gene expression study of Cox-2 showed a drastically reduced expression with CsA treatment indicating Cox-2 involvement in the calcineurin-NFAT pathway. Meanwhile, IL-8 was probably controlled by another pathway as it showed no CsA inhibition. In contrast, high expression of ICAM-1 and RCAN1.4 by VEGF and CsA implied that these genes were not controlled by the calcineurin-NFAT-dependent pathway. In conclusion, the results of this study suggest the involvement of Cox-2 in the calcineurin-NFAT-dependent pathway while RCAN1.4 was controlled by NFAT molecule in endothelial-like differentiation of SHED cultured on HAM with VEGF induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siti Nurnasihah Md Hashim
- School of Dental Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Fuad Hilmi Yusof
- School of Dental Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Wafa' Zahari
- School of Dental Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | | | - Tetsuya Akamatsu
- Department of Bioengineering, Division of Bioscience and Bioindustry, Graduate School of Technology, Industrial & Social Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima-shi, Tokushima, 770-8513, Japan
| | - Ahmad Azlina
- School of Dental Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.
- Human Genome Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.
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Won Lee G, Thangavelu M, Joung Choi M, Yeong Shin E, Sol Kim H, Seon Baek J, Woon Jeong Y, Eun Song J, Carlomagno C, Miguel Oliveira J, Luis Reis R, Khang G. Exosome mediated transfer of miRNA‐140 promotes enhanced chondrogenic differentiation of bone marrow stem cells for enhanced cartilage repair and regeneration. J Cell Biochem 2020; 121:3642-3652. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.29657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gi Won Lee
- Department of BIN Convergence Technology, Department of Polymer Nano Science and Technology and Polymer Materials Fusion Research CenterChonbuk National UniversityDeokjin‐gu Jeonju Republic of Korea
| | - Muthukumar Thangavelu
- Department of BIN Convergence Technology, Department of Polymer Nano Science and Technology and Polymer Materials Fusion Research CenterChonbuk National UniversityDeokjin‐gu Jeonju Republic of Korea
| | - Min Joung Choi
- Department of BIN Convergence Technology, Department of Polymer Nano Science and Technology and Polymer Materials Fusion Research CenterChonbuk National UniversityDeokjin‐gu Jeonju Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Yeong Shin
- Department of BIN Convergence Technology, Department of Polymer Nano Science and Technology and Polymer Materials Fusion Research CenterChonbuk National UniversityDeokjin‐gu Jeonju Republic of Korea
| | - Han Sol Kim
- Department of BIN Convergence Technology, Department of Polymer Nano Science and Technology and Polymer Materials Fusion Research CenterChonbuk National UniversityDeokjin‐gu Jeonju Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Seon Baek
- Department of BIN Convergence Technology, Department of Polymer Nano Science and Technology and Polymer Materials Fusion Research CenterChonbuk National UniversityDeokjin‐gu Jeonju Republic of Korea
| | - Young Woon Jeong
- Department of BIN Convergence Technology, Department of Polymer Nano Science and Technology and Polymer Materials Fusion Research CenterChonbuk National UniversityDeokjin‐gu Jeonju Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Eun Song
- Department of BIN Convergence Technology, Department of Polymer Nano Science and Technology and Polymer Materials Fusion Research CenterChonbuk National UniversityDeokjin‐gu Jeonju Republic of Korea
| | - Cristiano Carlomagno
- Department of Industrial EngineeringUniversity of TrentoTrento Italy
- BIOTech Research CenterUniversity of TrentoTrento Italy
- European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative MedicineTrento Italy
| | - Joaquim Miguel Oliveira
- 3B's Research Group—Biomaterials, Biodegradables and BiomimeticsUniversity of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative MedicineGuimarães Portugal
| | - Rui Luis Reis
- 3B's Research Group—Biomaterials, Biodegradables and BiomimeticsUniversity of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative MedicineGuimarães Portugal
| | - Gilson Khang
- Department of BIN Convergence Technology, Department of Polymer Nano Science and Technology and Polymer Materials Fusion Research CenterChonbuk National UniversityDeokjin‐gu Jeonju Republic of Korea
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Wang Z, Feng Z, Wu G, Bai S, Dong Y, Zhao Y. In vitro studies on human periodontal ligament stem cell sheets enhanced by enamel matrix derivative. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2016; 141:102-111. [PMID: 26844646 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2016.01.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2015] [Revised: 12/31/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Numerous preclinical and clinical studies have focused on the periodontal regenerative functions of enamel matrix derivative (EMD), a heat-treated preparation derived from enamel matrix proteins (EMPs) of developing porcine teeth. In this study, periodontal ligament (PDL) stem cells (PDLSCs) were isolated, and the effects of EMD on the extracorporeal induction process and the characteristics of PDLSC sheets were investigated for their potential as a more effective stem-cell therapy. EMD-enhanced cell sheets could be induced by complete medium supplemented with 50 μg/mL vitamin C and 100 μg/mL EMD. The EMD-enhanced cell sheets appeared thicker and more compact than the normal PDLSC sheets, demonstrated more layers of cells (3-7 layers), secreted richer extracellular matrix (ECM), showed varying degrees of increases in mRNA expression of periodontal tissue-specific genes (COL I, POSTN), calcification-related genes (RUNX2, OPN, OCN) and a cementum tissue-specific gene (CAP), and possessed a better mineralization ability in terms of osteogenic differentiation in vitro. These EMD-enhanced cell sheets may represent a potential option for stem-cell therapy for PDL regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongshan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, No. 145 West Changle Road, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Zhihong Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, No. 145 West Changle Road, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Guofeng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, No. 145 West Changle Road, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Shizhu Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, No. 145 West Changle Road, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Yan Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, No. 145 West Changle Road, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Yimin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, No. 145 West Changle Road, Xi'an 710032, China.
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Amin HD, Olsen I, Knowles J, Dard M, Donos N. Interaction of enamel matrix proteins with human periodontal ligament cells. Clin Oral Investig 2015; 20:339-47. [PMID: 26121967 PMCID: PMC4762925 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-015-1510-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Objectives It has recently been shown that enamel matrix derivative (EMD) components (Fraction C, containing <6 kDa peptides (mainly a 5.3 kDa tyrosine-rich amelogenin peptide (TRAP)), and Fraction A, containing a mixture of >6 kDa peptides (including a leucine-rich amelogenin peptide (LRAP))) differentially regulate osteogenic differentiation of periodontal ligament (PDL) cells. The present study examined whether EMD and the EMD Fractions (i) bind and internalize into PDL cells and (ii) precipitate and form insoluble complexes on PDL cells. Materials and methods Biotin-labelled EMD/EMD Fractions were incubated with PDL cells under various different culture conditions and confocal and electron microscopies were carried out to examine the binding and intracellular trafficking of these proteins. Results The results reported here show, for the first time, that at least some components in Fraction A and the TRAP peptide in Fraction C can bind and be internalized by human PDL cells via receptor-mediated endocytosis. In addition, Fraction A was found to form insoluble aggregate-like structures on PDL cells, whereas Fraction C was soluble in culture media. Conclusion Soluble amelogenin isoform TRAP appears to be internalizing into a subset of PDL cells. Moreover, TRAP uptake is most likely controlled by receptor-mediated endocytosis. Clinical relevance Information on interaction between PDL cells and EMD/TRAP might prove useful in designing targeted interventions (i.e. use of chemically prepared soluble amelogenin peptides) to repair/regenerate periodontal tissues. Such interventions can also (i) avoid the use of rather crude animal-derived enamel matrix protein (EMP)/EMD preparation and (ii) preparation of cost-effective and more controlled chemically synthesized amelogenin peptides for the clinical use. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00784-015-1510-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harsh D Amin
- Division of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, London, UK
- Periodontology Unit, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Irwin Olsen
- Division of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, London, UK.
| | - Jonathan Knowles
- Division of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science & BK21 Plus NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, 330-714, Republic of Korea
| | - Michel Dard
- Department of Periodontology and Implant Dentistry, New York University, College of Dentistry, New York, USA
| | - Nikolaos Donos
- Periodontology Unit, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, London, UK.
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El-Sayed KMF, Paris S, Graetz C, Kassem N, Mekhemar M, Ungefroren H, Fändrich F, Dörfer C. Isolation and characterisation of human gingival margin-derived STRO-1/MACS(+) and MACS(-) cell populations. Int J Oral Sci 2015; 7:80-8. [PMID: 25257881 PMCID: PMC4817556 DOI: 10.1038/ijos.2014.41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, gingival margin-derived stem/progenitor cells isolated via STRO-1/magnetic activated cell sorting (MACS) showed remarkable periodontal regenerative potential in vivo. As a second-stage investigation, the present study's aim was to perform in vitro characterisation and comparison of the stem/progenitor cell characteristics of sorted STRO-1-positive (MACS+) and STRO-1-negative (MACS−) cell populations from the human free gingival margin. Cells were isolated from the free gingiva using a minimally invasive technique and were magnetically sorted using anti-STRO-1 antibodies. Subsequently, the MACS+ and MACS− cell fractions were characterized by flow cytometry for expression of CD14, CD34, CD45, CD73, CD90, CD105, CD146/MUC18 and STRO-1. Colony-forming unit (CFU) and multilineage differentiation potential were assayed for both cell fractions. Mineralisation marker expression was examined using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). MACS+ and MACS− cell fractions showed plastic adherence. MACS+ cells, in contrast to MACS− cells, showed all of the predefined mesenchymal stem/progenitor cell characteristics and a significantly higher number of CFUs (P<0.01). More than 95% of MACS+ cells expressed CD105, CD90 and CD73; lacked the haematopoietic markers CD45, CD34 and CD14, and expressed STRO-1 and CD146/MUC18. MACS− cells showed a different surface marker expression profile, with almost no expression of CD14 or STRO-1, and more than 95% of these cells expressed CD73, CD90 and CD146/MUC18, as well as the haematopoietic markers CD34 and CD45 and CD105. MACS+ cells could be differentiated along osteoblastic, adipocytic and chondroblastic lineages. In contrast, MACS− cells demonstrated slight osteogenic potential. Unstimulated MACS+ cells showed significantly higher expression of collagen I (P<0.05) and collagen III (P<0.01), whereas MACS− cells demonstrated higher expression of osteonectin (P<0.05; Mann–Whitney). The present study is the first to compare gingival MACS+ and MACS− cell populations demonstrating that MACS+ cells, in contrast to MACS− cells, harbour stem/progenitor cell characteristics. This study also validates the effectiveness of the STRO-1/MACS+ technique for the isolation of gingival stem/progenitor cells. Human free gingival margin-derived STRO-1/MACS+ cells are a unique renewable source of multipotent stem/progenitor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim M Fawzy El-Sayed
- 1] Clinic for Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, Christian Albrechts University, Kiel, Germany [2] Oral Medicine and Periodontology Department, Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sebastian Paris
- Department of Operative and Preventive Dentistry, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Graetz
- Clinic for Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, Christian Albrechts University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Neemat Kassem
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Mekhemar
- Clinic for Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, Christian Albrechts University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Hendrick Ungefroren
- Clinic for Applied Cellular Therapy, Christian Albrechts University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Fred Fändrich
- Clinic for Applied Cellular Therapy, Christian Albrechts University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Christof Dörfer
- Clinic for Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, Christian Albrechts University, Kiel, Germany
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Amin HD, Olsen I, Knowles J, Dard M, Donos N. A tyrosine-rich amelogenin peptide promotes neovasculogenesis in vitro and ex vivo. Acta Biomater 2014; 10:1930-9. [PMID: 24321350 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2013.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2013] [Revised: 11/08/2013] [Accepted: 11/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The formation of new blood vessels has been shown to be fundamental in the repair of many damaged tissues, and we have recently shown that the adult human periodontal ligament contains multipotent stem/progenitor cells that are capable of undergoing vasculogenic and angiogenic differentiation in vitro and ex vivo. Enamel matrix protein (EMP) is a heterogeneous mixture of mainly amelogenin-derived proteins produced during tooth development and has been reported to be sometimes effective in stimulating these processes, including in clinical regeneration of the periodontal ligament. However, the identity of the specific bioactive component of EMP remains unclear. In the present study we show that, while the high-molecular-weight Fraction A of enamel matrix derivative (a heat-treated form of EMP) is unable to stimulate the vasculogenic differentiation of human periodontal ligament cells (HPC) in vitro, the low-molecular-weight Fraction C significantly up-regulates the expression of the endothelial markers VEGFR2, Tie-1, Tie-2, VE-cadherin and vWF and markedly increases the internalization of low-density lipoprotein. Furthermore, we also demonstrate, for the first time, that the synthetic homolog of the 45-amino acid tyrosine-rich amelogenin peptide (TRAP) present in Fraction C is likely to be responsible for its vasculogenesis-inducing activity. Moreover, the chemically synthesized TRAP peptide is also shown here to be capable of up-regulating the angiogenic differentiation of the HPC, based on its marked stimulation of in vitro cell migration and tubule formation and of blood vessel formation assay in a chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane model ex vivo. This novel peptide, and modified derivatives, might thereby represent a new class of regenerative drug that has the ability to elicit new blood vessel formation and promote wound healing in vivo.
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Amin HD, Brady MA, St-Pierre JP, Stevens MM, Overby DR, Ethier CR. Stimulation of chondrogenic differentiation of adult human bone marrow-derived stromal cells by a moderate-strength static magnetic field. Tissue Eng Part A 2014; 20:1612-20. [PMID: 24506272 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2013.0307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue-engineering strategies for the treatment of osteoarthritis would benefit from the ability to induce chondrogenesis in precursor cells. One such cell source is bone marrow-derived stromal cells (BMSCs). Here, we examined the effects of moderate-strength static magnetic fields (SMFs) on chondrogenic differentiation in human BMSCs in vitro. Cells were cultured in pellet form and exposed to several strengths of SMFs for various durations. mRNA transcript levels of the early chondrogenic transcription factor SOX9 and the late marker genes ACAN and COL2A1 were determined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, and production of the cartilage-specific macromolecules sGAG, collage type 2 (Col2), and proteoglycans was determined both biochemically and histologically. The role of the transforming growth factor (TGF)-β signaling pathway was also examined. Results showed that a 0.4 T magnetic field applied for 14 days elicited a strong chondrogenic differentiation response in cultured BMSCs, so long as TGF-β3 was also present, that is, a synergistic response of a SMF and TGF-β3 on BMSC chondrogenic differentiation was observed. Further, SMF alone caused TGF-β secretion in culture, and the effects of SMF could be abrogated by the TGF-β receptor blocker SB-431542. These data show that moderate-strength magnetic fields can induce chondrogenesis in BMSCs through a TGF-β-dependent pathway. This finding has potentially important applications in cartilage tissue-engineering strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harsh D Amin
- 1 Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London , London, United Kingdom
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Amin HD, Olsen I, Knowles JC, Dard M, Donos N. Effects of enamel matrix proteins on multi-lineage differentiation of periodontal ligament cells in vitro. Acta Biomater 2013; 9:4796-805. [PMID: 22985741 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2012.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2012] [Revised: 08/03/2012] [Accepted: 09/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The adult periodontal ligament (PDL) is considered to contain progenitor cells that are involved in the healing of periodontal wounds. Treatment with enamel matrix derivative (EMD), a heat-treated preparation derived from enamel matrix proteins (EMPs), has been shown to be of some clinical benefit in eliciting periodontal regeneration in vivo. Although there is extensive information available about the effects of EMD on periodontal regeneration, the precise influence of this material on alveolar bone and the formation of blood vessels and proprioceptive sensory nerves, prominent features of functionally active periodontal tissue, remain unclear. The aim of the present study was therefore to examine the effects of EMD on the ability of human periodontal ligament cells (HPCs) to undergo multi-lineage differentiation in vitro. Our results showed that HPCs treated with EMD under non-selective growth conditions did not show any evidence of osteogenic, adipogenic, chondrogenic, neovasculogenic, neurogenic and gliogenic "terminal" differentiation. In contrast, under selective lineage-specific culture conditions, EMD up-regulated osteogenic, chondrogenic and neovasculogenic genes and "terminal" differentiation, but suppressed adipogenesis, neurogenesis and gliogenesis. These findings thus demonstrate for the first time that EMD can differentially modulate the multi-lineage differentiation of HPCs in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harsh D Amin
- Division of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Department of Clinical Research, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, London, UK
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El-Sayed KMF, Paris S, Becker S, Kassem N, Ungefroren H, Fändrich F, Wiltfang J, Dörfer C. Isolation and characterization of multipotent postnatal stem/progenitor cells from human alveolar bone proper. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2012; 40:735-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcms.2012.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2011] [Revised: 01/30/2012] [Accepted: 01/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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Amin HD, Olsen I, Knowles JC, Donos N. Differential effect of amelogenin peptides on osteogenic differentiation in vitro: identification of possible new drugs for bone repair and regeneration. Tissue Eng Part A 2012; 18:1193-202. [PMID: 22320389 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2011.0375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Enamel matrix proteins (EMP) have been shown to promote regeneration of periodontal ligament and root cementum, and sometimes to enhance the differentiation of bone-forming cells in vitro and new bone growth in vivo. However, the inconsistent and unpredictable effects of EMP that have been reported for bone regeneration may be due to the highly variable composition of this heterogeneous material, which is comprised mainly of amelogenin and amelogenin-derived peptides. The present study has therefore examined the effects of naturally occurring low-molecular-weight (LMW) and high-molecular-weight (HMW) fractions of Emdogain(®) (EMD; Institut Straumann, Basel, Switzerland), a commercially available form of EMP, on osteogenic differentiation of bone precursor cells in vitro. In addition, the effects of chemically synthesized specific components of LMW and HMW-namely, the tyrosine-rich amelogenin peptide (TRAP), a specific amelogenin isoform derived by proteolytic clipping, and a leucine-rich amelogenin peptide (LRAP), an isoform derived by alternative splicing-on bone-forming cell activity were also investigated. Our findings demonstrate that while TRAP suppressed the formation of bone-like mineralized nodules, LRAP upregulated osteogenic differentiation. Furthermore, synthetically produced TRAP and its unique C-terminal 12 amino acid sequence (TCT) also suppressed bone-forming cells, whereas LRAP and its unique C-terminal 23 amino acid sequence (LCT) markedly enhanced terminal differentiation of bone-forming cells. These findings suggest that the differential effects of amelogenin-derived peptide sequences present in EMP could be of potential clinical value, with the novel bioactive TCT peptide as a useful tool for limiting pathological bone cell growth and the unique LCT sequence having therapeutic benefits in the treatment of periodontal and orthopedic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harsh D Amin
- Periodontology Unit, Department of Clinical Research, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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