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Trevisan L, Kocsis I, Hunter CA. Redox switching of an artificial transmembrane signal transduction system. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:2196-2198. [PMID: 33616133 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc08322d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Transmission of chemical signals across lipid bilayer membranes can be achieved using membrane-anchored molecules, where molecular motion across the bilayer is controlled by switching the polarity of two different head groups. An external redox signal delivered by ascorbic acid was used to trigger membrane translocation in a synthetic transduction system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Trevisan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, , Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK.
| | - Istvan Kocsis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, , Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK.
| | - Christopher A Hunter
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, , Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK.
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De Martino MT, Abdelmohsen LKEA, Rutjes FPJT, van Hest JCM. Nanoreactors for green catalysis. Beilstein J Org Chem 2018; 14:716-733. [PMID: 29719570 PMCID: PMC5905268 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.14.61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sustainable and environmentally benign production are key drivers for developments in the chemical industrial sector, as protecting our planet has become a significant element that should be considered for every industrial breakthrough or technological advancement. As a result, the concept of green chemistry has been recently defined to guide chemists towards minimizing any harmful outcome of chemical processes in either industry or research. Towards greener reactions, scientists have developed various approaches in order to decrease environmental risks while attaining chemical sustainability and elegancy. Utilizing catalytic nanoreactors for greener reactions, for facilitating multistep synthetic pathways in one-pot procedures, is imperative with far-reaching implications in the field. This review is focused on the applications of some of the most used nanoreactors in catalysis, namely: (polymer) vesicles, micelles, dendrimers and nanogels. The ability and efficiency of catalytic nanoreactors to carry out organic reactions in water, to perform cascade reaction and their ability to be recycled will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Teresa De Martino
- Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | | | - Floris P J T Rutjes
- Radboud University, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jan C M van Hest
- Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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Deiss F, Yang Y, Matochko WL, Derda R. Heat-enhanced peptide synthesis on Teflon-patterned paper. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:5148-56. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ob00898d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this report, we describe the methodology for 96 parallel organic syntheses of peptides on Teflon-patterned paper assisted by heating with an infra-red lamp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédérique Deiss
- Department of Chemistry and Alberta Glycomics Centre
- University of Alberta
- Edmonton
- Canada
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Alberta Glycomics Centre
- University of Alberta
- Edmonton
- Canada
| | - Wadim L. Matochko
- Department of Chemistry and Alberta Glycomics Centre
- University of Alberta
- Edmonton
- Canada
| | - Ratmir Derda
- Department of Chemistry and Alberta Glycomics Centre
- University of Alberta
- Edmonton
- Canada
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Fei H, Xu G, Wu JP, Yang LR. An improved flurogenic probe for high-throughput screening of 2-deoxyribose aldolases. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 460:826-30. [PMID: 25824041 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.03.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 03/22/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
2-Deoxyribose aldolase-catalyzed C-C bond-forming reactions have become 1 more and more important in synthesis of statins and other drug intermediates. Many methods have focused on improving the aldolase properties and harvesting new aldolases, but a good outcome depends on the efficiency of the high-throughput screening system. We have developed a visible green fluorescence probe based on a coumarin derivative, which can be reversibly modulated by a retro-aldol reaction catalyzed by 2-deoxyribose aldolase for selecting aldolase mutants with high activity. This assay system provides a convenient and effective way for high-throughput screening aldolases as the green fluorescence is sensitively detected and daylight-viewable without the need for specialist equipment. We used our probe to successfully harvest aldolase mutants with higher activities than the parent from a random mutagenesis library.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Fei
- Institute of Biological Engineering, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, 310027 Hangzhou, China
| | - Gang Xu
- Institute of Biological Engineering, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, 310027 Hangzhou, China
| | - Jian-Ping Wu
- Institute of Biological Engineering, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, 310027 Hangzhou, China.
| | - Li-Rong Yang
- Institute of Biological Engineering, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, 310027 Hangzhou, China
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Reymond JL, Bergmann M, Darbre T. Glycopeptide dendrimers as Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm inhibitors. Chem Soc Rev 2013; 42:4814-22. [PMID: 23370573 DOI: 10.1039/c3cs35504g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Synthetic glycopeptide dendrimers composed of a branched oligopeptide tree structure appended with glycosidic groups at its multiple N-termini were investigated for binding to the Pseudomonas aeruginosa lectins LecB and LecA. These lectins are partly responsible for the formation of antibiotic resistant biofilms in the human pathogenic bacterium P. aeruginosa, which causes lethal airway infections in immune-compromised and cystic fibrosis patients. Glycopeptide dendrimers with high affinity to the lectins were identified by screening of combinatorial libraries. Several of these dendrimers, in particular the LecB specific glycopeptide dendrimers FD2 and D-FD2 and the LecA specific glycopeptide dendrimers GalAG2 and GalBG2, also efficiently block P. aeruginosa biofilm formation and induce biofilm dispersal in vitro. Structure-activity relationship and structural studies are reviewed, in particular the observation that multivalency is essential to the anti-biofilm effect in these dendrimers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Louis Reymond
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Berne, Freistrasse 3, 3012 Berne, Switzerland.
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Eggimann GA, Buschor S, Darbre T, Reymond JL. Convergent synthesis and cellular uptake of multivalent cell penetrating peptides derived from Tat, Antp, pVEC, TP10 and SAP. Org Biomol Chem 2013; 11:6717-33. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ob41023d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Geotti-Bianchini P, Darbre T, Reymond JL. pH-tuned metal coordination and peroxidase activity of a peptide dendrimer enzyme model with a Fe(II)bipyridine at its core. Org Biomol Chem 2012; 11:344-52. [PMID: 23172354 DOI: 10.1039/c2ob26551f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Peptide dendrimer BP1 was obtained by double thioether bond formation between 5,5'-bis(bromomethyl)-2,2'-bipyridine and two equivalents of peptide dendrimer N1 (Ac-Glu-Ser)(8)(Dap-Glu-Ala)(4)(Dap-Amb-Tyr)(2)Dap-Cys-Asp-NH(2) (Dap = branching 2,3-diaminopropanoic acid, Amb = 4-aminomethyl-benzoic acid). At pH 4.0 BP1 bound Fe(ii) to form the expected tris-coordinated complex [Fe(II)(BP1)(3)] (K(f) = 2.1 × 10(15) M(-3)). At pH 6.5 a monocoordinated complex [Fe(II)(BP1)] was formed instead (K(f) = 2.1 × 10(5) M(-1)) due to electrostatic repulsion between the polyanionic dendrimer branches, as confirmed by the behavior of three analogues where glutamates were partially or completely replaced by neutral glutamines or positive lysines. [Fe(II)(BP1)] catalyzed the oxidation of o-phenylenediamine with H(2)O(2) with enzyme-like kinetics (k(cat) = 1.0 min(-1), K(M) = 1.5 mM, k(cat)/k(uncat) = 90 000) and multiple turnover, while Fe(2+) or [Fe(bipy)(3)](2+) were inactive. The labile coordination positions allowing coordination to H(2)O(2) and to the substrate are likely responsible for the enhanced peroxidase activity of the metallopeptide dendrimer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piero Geotti-Bianchini
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Berne, Freiestrasse 3, CH-3012 Berne, Switzerland
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Reymond JL, Darbre T. Peptide and glycopeptide dendrimer apple trees as enzyme models and for biomedical applications. Org Biomol Chem 2012; 10:1483-92. [PMID: 22274649 DOI: 10.1039/c2ob06938e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Solid phase peptide synthesis (SPPS) provides peptides with a dendritic topology when diamino acids are introduced in the sequences. Peptide dendrimers with one to three amino acids between branches can be prepared with up to 38 amino acids (MW ~ 5,000 Da). Larger peptide dendrimers (MW ~ 30,000) were obtained by a multivalent chloroacetyl cysteine (ClAc) ligation. Structural studies of peptide dendrimers by CD, FT-IR, NMR and molecular dynamics reveal molten globule states containing up to 50% of α-helix. Esterase and aldolase peptide dendrimers displaying dendritic effects and enzyme kinetics (k(cat)/k(uncat) ~ 10(5)) were designed or discovered by screening large combinatorial libraries. Strong ligands for Pseudomonas aeruginosa lectins LecA and LecB able to inhibit biofilm formation were obtained with glycopeptide dendrimers. Efficient ligands for cobalamin, cytotoxic colchicine conjugates and antimicrobial peptide dendrimers were also developed showing the versatility of dendritic peptides. Complementing the multivalency, the amino acid composition of the dendrimers strongly influenced the catalytic or biological activity obtained demonstrating the importance of the "apple tree" configuration for protein-like function in peptide dendrimers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Louis Reymond
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Berne, Berne, Switzerland.
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Stach M, Maillard N, Kadam RU, Kalbermatter D, Meury M, Page MGP, Fotiadis D, Darbre T, Reymond JL. Membrane disrupting antimicrobial peptide dendrimers with multiple amino termini. MEDCHEMCOMM 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c1md00272d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Friest JA, Broussy S, Chung WJ, Berkowitz DB. Combinatorial catalysis employing a visible enzymatic beacon in real time: synthetically versatile (pseudo)halometalation/carbocyclizations. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 50:8895-9. [PMID: 21905180 PMCID: PMC3517167 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201103365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2011] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jacob A. Friest
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588 (USA), Fax: (+001) 402-472-9402
| | - Sylvain Broussy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588 (USA), Fax: (+001) 402-472-9402
| | - Woo Jin Chung
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588 (USA), Fax: (+001) 402-472-9402
| | - David B. Berkowitz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588 (USA), Fax: (+001) 402-472-9402
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Friest JA, Broussy S, Chung WJ, Berkowitz DB. Combinatorial Catalysis Employing a Visible Enzymatic Beacon in Real Time: Synthetically Versatile (Pseudo)Halometalation/Carbocyclizations. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201103365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Maillard N, Biswas R, Darbre T, Reymond JL. Combinatorial discovery of peptide dendrimer enzyme models hydrolyzing isobutyryl fluorescein. ACS COMBINATORIAL SCIENCE 2011; 13:310-20. [PMID: 21438622 DOI: 10.1021/co200006z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Two 6750-membered one-bead-one-compound peptide dendrimer combinatorial libraries L (X(4))(8)(LysX(3))(4)(LysX(2))(2)LysX(1) (X(1-4) = 14 different amino acids or deletion, Lys = branching lysine residue) and AcL (with N-terminal acetylation) were prepared by split-and-mix solid phase peptide synthesis. Screening toward fluorogenic substrates for esterase and aldolase activities using the in silica off-bead assay (N. Maillard et al., J. Comb. Chem. 2009, 11, 667-675) and bead decoding by amino acid analysis revealed histidine containing sequences active against fluorescein diacetate. Isobutyryl fluorescein, a related hydrophobic fluorogenic substrate, was preferentially hydrolyzed by dendrimers from library AcL containing hydrophobic residues such as AcH3 (AcHis)(8)(LysLeu)(4)(LysVal)(2)LysLysOH, compared to simple oligohistidine peptides as reference catalysts. Polycationic dendrimers from library L with multiple free N-termini such as H8 (His)(8)(LysβAla)(4)(LysThr)(2)LysaProNH(2) (aPro = (2S,4S)-4-aminoproline) showed stronger reactivity toward 8-acetoxypyrene-1,3,6-trisulfonate with partial acylation of N-termini. These experiments highlight the role of noncatalytic amino acids to determine substrate selectivity in peptide dendrimer esterase models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noélie Maillard
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Berne, Freiestrasse 3, CH-3012, Berne, Switzerland
| | - Rasomoy Biswas
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Berne, Freiestrasse 3, CH-3012, Berne, Switzerland
| | - Tamis Darbre
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Berne, Freiestrasse 3, CH-3012, Berne, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Louis Reymond
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Berne, Freiestrasse 3, CH-3012, Berne, Switzerland
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Synthesis of glycopeptide dendrimers, dimerization and affinity for Concanavalin A. Bioorg Med Chem 2011; 19:2879-87. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2011.03.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2010] [Revised: 03/08/2011] [Accepted: 03/18/2011] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Uhlich NA, Darbre T, Reymond JL. Peptide dendrimer enzyme models for ester hydrolysis and aldolization prepared by convergent thioether ligation. Org Biomol Chem 2011; 9:7071-84. [DOI: 10.1039/c1ob05877k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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