Highly selective fluorescent turn-on-off sensing of OH-, Al3+ and Fe3+ ions by tuning ESIPT in metal organic frameworks and mitochondria targeted bio-imaging

Herein we report a multifunctional high performance metal organic framework (Zn-DHNDC MOF) based chemosensor that displays an exceptional excited state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) tuned fluorescence turn-on-off response for OH-, Al3+ and Fe3+ ions along with mitochondria targeted bio-imaging. Properly tuning ESIPT as well as the hydroxyl group (-OH) allows Zn-DHNDC MOF to optimize and establish chelation enhanced fluorescence (CHEF) and chelation enhanced quenching (CHEQ) based sensing mechanisms. The MOF benefits from acid-base interactions with the ions which generate a turn-on bluish green fluorescence (λ Em 492 nm) for OH-, an intense turn-on green fluorescence (λ Em 528 nm) for Al3+ and a turn-off fluorescence quenching response for Fe3+ ions. The aromatic -OH group indeed plays its part in triggering CHEF and CHEQ processes responsible for the turn-on-off events. Low limits of detection (48 nM of OH-, 95 nM for Al3+, 33 nM for Fe3+ ions), high recyclability and fast response time (8 seconds) further assist the MOF to implement an accurate quantitative sensing strategy for OH-, Al3+ and Fe3+ ions. The study further demonstrates the MOF's behaviour in cellular medium by subjecting it to live cell confocal microscopy. Along with a bio-compatible nature the MOF exhibited successful accumulation inside the mitochondria of MCF7 cancer cells, which defines it as a significant bio-marker. Therefore the present work successfully represents the multidisciplinary nature of Zn-DHNDC MOFs, primarily in sensing and biomedical studies.

Effect of Amine Functionalization of MOF Adsorbents for Enhanced CO2 Capture and Separation: A Molecular Simulation Study

Different types of amine-functionalized MOF structures were analyzed in this work using molecular simulations in order to determine their potential for post-combustion carbon dioxide capture and separation. Six amine models -of different chain lengths and degree of substitution- grafted to the unsaturated metal sites of the M₂(dobdc) MOF [and its expanded version, M₂(dobpdc)] were evaluated, in terms of adsorption isotherms, selectivity, cyclic working capacity and regenerability. Good agreement between simulation results and available experimental data was obtained. Moreover, results show two potential structures with high cyclic working capacities if used for Temperature Swing Adsorption processes: mmen/Mg/DOBPDC and mda-Zn/DOBPDC. Among them, the -mmen functionalized structure has higher CO₂ uptake and better cyclability (regenerability) for the flue gas mixtures and conditions studied. Furthermore, it is shown that more amine functional groups grafted on the MOFs and/or full functionalization of the metal centers do not lead to better CO₂ separation capabilities due to steric hindrances. In addition, multiple alkyl groups bonded to the amino group yield a shift in the step-like adsorption isotherms in the larger pore structures, at a given temperature. Our calculations shed light on how functionalization can enhance gas adsorption via the cooperative chemi-physisorption mechanism of these materials, and how the materials can be tuned for desired adsorption characteristics.

High CO2 Adsorption Enthalpy Enabled by Uncoordinated N-Heteroatom Sites of a 3D Metal-Organic Framework

A 3D metal-organic framework (MOF), Mn2L2(H2O)2 · (DMF) {H2L = 5- (Pyridin-2-yl)-3, 3′-bi (1H-1,2,4-triazole)} (1) with uncoordinated N-heteroatom sites, has been obtained through hydrothermal method and structurally characterized by X-ray structural analysis, powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), and thermal analysis (TGA). The framework of compound 1 exhibits fascinating adsorption properties and shows high adsorption enthalpy of CO2. The experimental results prove which uncoordinated nitrogen heteroatom sites can markedly increase the reciprocity between host frame and CO2 at room temperature.

Synthesis, structures, and fluorescence properties of one novel Cobalt metal–organic framework based on a tetraphenylethene-core ligand

A new three-dimensional luminescent cobalt (II) metal–organic framework, [Co(Titpe)(bcpf)·(DMF)]·(H2O)2·(DMF) (compound 1, JUST-8) (Titpe = 1,1,2,2-tetrakis(4-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)phenyl)ethane, bcpf = 4,4′-sulfonyldibenzoic acid; DMF =  N, N-dimethylformamide), has been solvothermally synthesized by using CoCl2·6H2O and a mixture of ligands: Titpe ligand and bcpf ligand. Single crystal X-ray analysis reveals that 1 crystallizes in the triclinic system and [Formula: see text] space group with a = 13.2097(14) Å, b = 13.9519(14) Å, c = 14.4413(15) Å, α = 89.949(7)°, β = 70.303(7)°, γ = 80.322(7)°, V = 2465.7(5) Å3, Z = 2, Mr =1032.97, Dc = 1.391 g/cm3, μ = 0.455 mm−1, F(000) = 1070, R = 0.0585, and wR = 0.1540 for 8674 observed reflections ( I > 2σ( I)). Its overall structure is a double-fold interpenetrated framework, and it shows a porosity of 12.97% based on a calculation by PLATON and a 4- c type topological network with the point symbol of {6^5.8}. The Co atom bridges the Titpe ligands to form the one-dimensional chains into a two-dimensional layered structure and then connects the auxiliary ligands to get a three-dimensional structure. Compound 1 showed a blue fluorescence emission with the peak maximum at 431 nm (λex = 314 nm).

A new 3D luminescent Zn(ii)–organic framework containing a quinoline-2,6-dicarboxylate linker for the highly selective sensing of Fe(iii) ions

A new 3D quinoline based Zn(ii)–organic framework was synthesized, which exhibited quick response and selectivity towards Fe³⁺ ions with a detection limit of 9.2 ppb.

Stepwise and hysteretic sorption of CO2 in polycatenated metal–organic frameworks

Two isostructural 3D dynamic MOFs with different metal sites have been constructed, which exhibit temperature-dependent stepwise and hysteretic sorption behaviors toward CO₂ around room temperature.

A robust and water-stable two-fold interpenetrated metal–organic framework containing both rigid tetrapodal carboxylate and rigid bifunctional nitrogen linkers exhibiting selective CO2 capture

A robust and water-stable two-fold interpenetrated metal–organic framework containing both rigid tetrapodal carboxylate and rigid bifunctional nitrogen linkers exhibiting selective CO₂ capture is reported.

Near-Perfect CO2/CH4 Selectivity Achieved through Reversible Guest Templating in the Flexible Metal-Organic Framework Co(bdp)

Metal-organic frameworks are among the most promising materials for industrial gas separations, including the removal of carbon dioxide from natural gas, although substantial improvements in adsorption selectivity are still sought. Herein, we use equilibrium adsorption experiments to demonstrate that the flexible metal-organic framework Co(bdp) (bdp^2- = 1,4-benzenedipyrazolate) exhibits a large CO₂ adsorption capacity and approaches complete exclusion of CH₄ under 50:50 mixtures of the two gases, leading to outstanding CO₂/CH₄ selectivity under these conditions. In situ powder X-ray diffraction data indicate that this selectivity arises from reversible guest templating, in which the framework expands to form a CO₂ clathrate and then collapses to the nontemplated phase upon desorption. Under an atmosphere dominated by CH₄, Co(bdp) adsorbs minor amounts of CH₄ along with CO₂, highlighting the importance of studying all relevant pressure and composition ranges via multicomponent measurements when examining mixed-gas selectivity in structurally flexible materials. Altogether, these results show that Co(bdp) may be a promising CO₂/CH₄ separation material and provide insights for the further study of flexible adsorbents for gas separations.

A flexible doubly interpenetrated metal–organic framework with gate opening effect for highly selective C2H2/C2H4 separation at room temperature

A flexible doubly interpenetrated MOF is realized at room temperature, whose pore spaces could accommodate a significant amount of C₂H₂ at room temperature via the gate-opening effect but exclude C₂H₄ and C₂H₆ outside.

Five 1D to 3D Zn(ii)/Mn(ii)-CPs based on dicarboxyphenyl-terpyridine ligand: stepwise adsorptivity and magnetic properties

Five coordination polymers with different dimensional structures have been solvothermally synthesized by utilizing H₂dtp ligand. Complexes1and2reveal strong solid-state luminescence, and complexes3–5display antiferromagnetic exchange.

A Twofold Interpenetrated Metal-Organic Framework with High Performance in Selective Separation of C2 H2 /CH4

A twofold interpenetrated metal-organic framework, PMOF-3, composed of four kinds of polyhedra exhibits the highest selectivity of 157 for C₂ H₂ /CH₄ separation at 296 K and 1 atm owing to the synergistic effect of the open metal sites, C≡C triple bonds, and microporous structure.

The moisture-triggered controlled release of a natural food preservative from a microporous metal–organic framework

In this work we demonstrate that allyl isothiocyanate (AITC), a common food flavoring agent and food preservative, can be effectively captured by and released in a controlled manner from a microporous metal–organic framework (MOF).

Hydrostable and Nitryl/Methyl-Functionalized Metal-Organic Framework for Drug Delivery and Highly Selective CO2 Adsorption

By using a strategy of introducing hydrophobic groups to the linkers, a hydrostable MOF was constructed based on 5-nitroisophthalate and 2,2'-dimethyl-4,4'-bipyridine coligands, revealing a 3D dia topology structure with a 1D channel parallel to the c axis. TGA, PXRD, and water vapor sorption results show high thermal and water stability for the framework. The framework is very porous and possesses not only high busulfan payloads with an encapsulation efficiency up to 21.5% (17.2 wt %) but also very high CO2 selective capture compared with that of other small gases (i.e., CH4, N2, O2, CO, and H2) at 298 K based on molecular simulations due to the pore surface being populated by methyl and nitryl groups. Furthermore, in vitro MTT assays were conducted on four different cells lines with increasing concentrations of the framework, and the results showed that the framework was nontoxic (cell viability >80%) in spite of the concentrations up to 500 μg/mL.

Selective CO2 gas adsorption in the narrow crystalline cavities of flexible peptide metallo-macrocycles

The BF₄⁻ salt of peptide Ni(ii)-macrocycle demonstrated selective CO₂ gas adsorption (ca. 6–7 molecules per macrocycle) into its narrow cavities.

Tuning the target composition of amine-grafted CPO-27-Mg for capture of CO2 under post-combustion and air filtering conditions: a combined experimental and computational study

A computational and experimental study is performed to determine the optimal composition that enhances the adsorption performance at low pressure.

Probing cavitand-organosilane hybrid bilayers via sum-frequency vibrational spectroscopy

Quinoxaline cavitands (QxCav) are transferred by Langmuir-Schaefer method on self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of octadecyltrichlorosilane (OTS) and N,N-dimethyl-N-octadecyl-3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilyl chloride (DMOAP) on fused silica substrates. The molecular architectures of both the hydrophobic SAMs templates and the hybrid cavitand-organosilanes bilayers at the solid-air interface are investigated and correlated by sum-frequency vibrational spectroscopy. The results show that QxCav are always in the closed vase configuration and orient with their principal axis normal to the substrates. The role of the alkyl chains density in the SAM templates on the QxCav transfer ratio is pointed out.

Carbon dioxide capturing technologies: a review focusing on metal organic framework materials (MOFs)

In this study, a relevant literature has been reviewed focusing on the carbon dioxide capture technologies in general, such as amine-based absorption as conventional carbon dioxide capturing technology, aqueous ammonia-based absorption, membranes, and adsorption material (e.g., zeolites, and activated carbons). In more details, metal organic frameworks (MOFs) as new emerging technologies for carbon dioxide adsorption are discussed. The MOFs section is intended to provide a comprehensive overview of MOFs including material characteristics and synthesis, structural features, CO2 adsorption capacity, heat of adsorption and selectivity of CO2.

Luminescent metal–organic frameworks as explosive sensors

A perspective summarizing the recent advancement in explosive sensing by luminescent metal organic framework (LMOF) materials.

A family of three magnetic metal organic frameworks: their synthesis, structural, magnetic and vapour adsorption study

Three flexible magnetic metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have been synthesized and their magnetic and adsorption properties were investigated.