1
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Kneipp J, Seifert S, Gärber F. SERS microscopy as a tool for comprehensive biochemical characterization in complex samples. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:7641-7656. [PMID: 38934892 DOI: 10.1039/d4cs00460d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectra of biomaterials such as cells or tissues can be used to obtain biochemical information from nanoscopic volumes in these heterogeneous samples. This tutorial review discusses the factors that determine the outcome of a SERS experiment in complex bioorganic samples. They are related to the SERS process itself, the possibility to selectively probe certain regions or constituents of a sample, and the retrieval of the vibrational information in order to identify molecules and their interaction. After introducing basic aspects of SERS experiments in the context of biocompatible environments, spectroscopy in typical microscopic settings is exemplified, including the possibilities to combine SERS with other linear and non-linear microscopic tools, and to exploit approaches that improve lateral and temporal resolution. In particular the great variation of data in a SERS experiment calls for robust data analysis tools. Approaches will be introduced that have been originally developed in the field of bioinformatics for the application to omics data and that show specific potential in the analysis of SERS data. They include the use of simulated data and machine learning tools that can yield chemical information beyond achieving spectral classification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janina Kneipp
- Department of Chemistry, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Str. 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Stephan Seifert
- Hamburg School of Food Science, Department of Chemistry, Universität Hamburg, Grindelallee 117, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Florian Gärber
- Hamburg School of Food Science, Department of Chemistry, Universität Hamburg, Grindelallee 117, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
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2
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Zhao Y, Kumar A, Yang Y. Unveiling practical considerations for reliable and standardized SERS measurements: lessons from a comprehensive review of oblique angle deposition-fabricated silver nanorod array substrates. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:1004-1057. [PMID: 38116610 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00540b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Recently, there has been an exponential growth in the number of publications focusing on surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), primarily driven by advancements in nanotechnology and the increasing demand for chemical and biological detection. While many of these publications have focused on the development of new substrates and detection-based applications, there is a noticeable lack of attention given to various practical issues related to SERS measurements and detection. This review aims to fill this gap by utilizing silver nanorod (AgNR) SERS substrates fabricated through the oblique angle deposition method as an illustrative example. The review highlights and addresses a range of practical issues associated with SERS measurements and detection. These include the optimization of SERS substrates in terms of morphology and structural design, considerations for measurement configurations such as polarization and the incident angle of the excitation laser, and exploration of enhancement mechanisms encompassing both intrinsic properties induced by the structure and materials, as well as extrinsic factors arising from wetting/dewetting phenomena and analyte size. The manufacturing and storage aspects of SERS substrates, including scalable fabrication techniques, contamination control, cleaning procedures, and appropriate storage methods, are also discussed. Furthermore, the review delves into device design considerations, such as well arrays, flow cells, and fiber probes, and explores various sample preparation methods such as drop-cast and immersion. Measurement issues, including the effect of excitation laser wavelength and power, as well as the influence of buffer, are thoroughly examined. Additionally, the review discusses spectral analysis techniques, encompassing baseline removal, chemometric analysis, and machine learning approaches. The wide range of AgNR-based applications of SERS, across various fields, is also explored. Throughout the comprehensive review, key lessons learned from collective findings are outlined and analyzed, particularly in the context of detailed SERS measurements and standardization. The review also provides insights into future challenges and perspectives in the field of SERS. It is our hope that this comprehensive review will serve as a valuable reference for researchers seeking to embark on in-depth studies and applications involving their own SERS substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiping Zhao
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
| | - Amit Kumar
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
| | - Yanjun Yang
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
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3
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Wang Z, Zhou W, Yang M, Yang Y, Hu J, Qin C, Zhang G, Liu S, Chen R, Xiao L. The Geometry of Nanoparticle-on-Mirror Plasmonic Nanocavities Impacts Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Backgrounds. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 14:53. [PMID: 38202508 PMCID: PMC10780556 DOI: 10.3390/nano14010053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) has garnered substantial attention due to its ability to achieve single-molecule sensitivity by utilizing metallic nanostructures to amplify the exceedingly weak Raman scattering process. However, the introduction of metal nanostructures can induce a background continuum which can reduce the ultimate sensitivity of SERS in ways that are not yet well understood. Here, we investigate the impact of laser irradiation on both Raman scattering and backgrounds from self-assembled monolayers within nanoparticle-on-mirror plasmonic nanocavities with variable geometry. We find that laser irradiation can reduce the height of the monolayer by inducing an irreversible change in molecular conformation. The resulting increased plasmon confinement in the nanocavities not only enhances the SERS signal, but also provides momentum conservation in the inelastic light scattering of electrons, contributing to the enhancement of the background continuum. The plasmon confinement can be modified by changing the size and the geometry of nanoparticles, resulting in a nanoparticle geometry-dependent background continuum in SERS. Our work provides new routes for further modifying the geometry of plasmonic nanostructures to improve SERS sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Laser Spectroscopy, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Wenjin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Laser Spectroscopy, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Min Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Laser Spectroscopy, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Yong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Laser Spectroscopy, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Jianyong Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Laser Spectroscopy, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Chengbing Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Laser Spectroscopy, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Guofeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Laser Spectroscopy, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Shaoding Liu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Transducers and Intelligence Control System, Ministry of Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Ruiyun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Laser Spectroscopy, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Liantuan Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Laser Spectroscopy, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
- College of Physics, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
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4
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Inagaki M, Motobayashi K, Ikeda K. In situ surface-enhanced electronic and vibrational Raman scattering spectroscopy at metal/molecule interfaces. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:22988-22994. [PMID: 33007058 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr06150f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
SERS signals from nanostructured surfaces of Au, covered with thiol monolayers, were monitored under application of various electrochemical potentials over a wide Raman-shift range of both the Stokes and anti-Stokes branches. The background continuum in the SERS spectra varied in intensity with apparent correlations with breaking of Au-S bond or evolution of Au-O. This clearly indicates that the origin of the background can be ascribed to non-resonant electronic Raman scattering, which is sensitive to the electronic density at the surface. Using the property of the electronic Raman scattering, full information on the electric double layer at both sides of the metal/dielectric interface was analysed. In the low Raman-shift region below 200 cm-1, moreover, the evolution and disappearance of collective motions of thiol assembly was able to be monitored in situ, which is hardly obtainable with other vibrational absorption spectroscopies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motoharu Inagaki
- Department of Physical Science and Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso, Showa, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan.
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5
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Nam W, Zhao Y, Song J, Tali SAS, Kang S, Zhu W, Lezec HJ, Agrawal A, Vikesland PJ, Zhou W. Plasmonic Electronic Raman Scattering as Internal Standard for Spatial and Temporal Calibration in Quantitative Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:9543-9551. [PMID: 33115232 PMCID: PMC8141369 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c03056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Ultrasensitive surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) still faces difficulties in quantitative analysis because of its susceptibility to local optical field variations at plasmonic hotspots in metallo-dielectric nanostructures. Current SERS calibration approaches using Raman tags have inherent limitations due to spatial occupation competition with analyte molecules, spectral interference with analyte Raman peaks, and photodegradation. Herein, we report that plasmon-enhanced electronic Raman scattering (ERS) signals from metal can serve as an internal standard for spatial and temporal calibration of molecular Raman scattering (MRS) signals from analyte molecules at the same hotspots, enabling rigorous quantitative SERS analysis. We observe a linear dependence between ERS and MRS signal intensities upon spatial and temporal variations of excitation optical fields, manifesting the |E|4 enhancements for both ERS and MRS processes at the same hotspots in agreement with our theoretical prediction. Furthermore, we find that the ERS calibration's performance limit can result from orientation variations of analyte molecules at hotspots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wonil Nam
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA
| | - Yuming Zhao
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA
| | - Junyeob Song
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA
- Physical Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA
| | - Seied Ali Safiabadi Tali
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA
| | - Seju Kang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Critical Technology and Applied Science Sustainable Nanotechnology Center, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, 24061, USA
| | - Wenqi Zhu
- Physical Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA
| | - Henri J. Lezec
- Physical Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA
| | - Amit Agrawal
- Physical Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA
- Institute for Research in Electronics and Applied Physics and Maryland NanoCenter, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Peter J. Vikesland
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Critical Technology and Applied Science Sustainable Nanotechnology Center, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, 24061, USA
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA
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6
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Chi H, Wang C, Wang Z, Zhu H, Mesias VSD, Dai X, Chen Q, Liu W, Huang J. Highly reusable nanoporous silver sheet for sensitive SERS detection of pesticides. Analyst 2020; 145:5158-5165. [PMID: 32725005 DOI: 10.1039/d0an00999g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) enables pesticide detection at the point-of-need, but its practical application is limited by expensive and disposable SERS substrates. Here, we report a reusable nanoporous silver (NPAg) sheet for the SERS detection of organochlorine pesticides, aiming to maximize the cost-efficiency of substrate regeneration. The NPAg sheet is prepared by a reduction-induced decomposition method without chemical induced random aggregations. This SERS substrate is sensitive to various analytes regardless of their affinity to a metal surface such as rhodamine B, dichlorodiphenyl-trichloroethane (DDT), and lindane due to its large surface area and the coral rock-like morphology. The SERS signal of lindane, a typical organochlorine pesticide, is identified and quantified with a minimum detectable concentration of 3 × 10-7 M (87 ppb), which is below the maximum residue limits in various foods set by the regulators across the world. More importantly, after a few minutes of ultrasonic cleaning in water, the NPAg sheet can be reused at least 20 times with a reproducible SERS activity. Furthermore, the NPAg sheet remains stable in terms of its sensitivity and reusability after several months of bare strorage. Therefore, the NPAg sheet as a SERS substrate holds great promise for mass production and convenient applications in low-cost pesticide analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanyu Chi
- HKUST-Shenzhen Research Institute, No. 9 Yuexing first RD, Hi-tech Park, Nanshan, Shenzhen 518057, China. .,Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Congcheng Wang
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhien Wang
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hongni Zhu
- HKUST-Shenzhen Research Institute, No. 9 Yuexing first RD, Hi-tech Park, Nanshan, Shenzhen 518057, China. .,Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Vince St Dollente Mesias
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xin Dai
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Qing Chen
- HKUST-Shenzhen Research Institute, No. 9 Yuexing first RD, Hi-tech Park, Nanshan, Shenzhen 518057, China. .,Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jinqing Huang
- HKUST-Shenzhen Research Institute, No. 9 Yuexing first RD, Hi-tech Park, Nanshan, Shenzhen 518057, China. .,Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
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7
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Inagaki M, Isogai T, Motobayashi K, Lin KQ, Ren B, Ikeda K. Electronic and vibrational surface-enhanced Raman scattering: from atomically defined Au(111) and (100) to roughened Au. Chem Sci 2020; 11:9807-9817. [PMID: 34094241 PMCID: PMC8162194 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc02976a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In surface-enhanced Raman spectra, vibrational peaks are superimposed on a background continuum, which is known as one major experimental anomaly. This is problematic in assessing vibrational information especially in the low Raman-shift region below 200 cm−1, where the background signals dominate. Herein, we present a rigorous comparison of normal Raman and surface-enhanced Raman spectra for atomically defined surfaces of Au(111) or Au(100) with and without molecular adsorbates. It is clearly shown that the origin of the background continuum is well explained by a local field enhancement of electronic Raman scattering in the conduction band of Au. In the low Raman-shift region, electronic Raman scattering gains additional intensity, probably due to a relaxation in the conservation of momentum rule through momentum transfer from surface roughness. Based on the mechanism for generation of the spectral background, we also present a practical method to extract electronic and vibrational information at the metal/dielectric interface from the measured raw spectra by reducing the thermal factor, the scattering efficiency factor and the Purcell factor over wide ranges in both the Stokes and the anti-Stokes branches. This method enables us not only to analyse concealed vibrational features in the low Raman-shift region but also to estimate more reliable local temperatures from surface-enhanced Raman spectra. Both electronic and vibrational information at the metal/dielectric interface were explicitly extracted from surface-enhanced Raman spectra.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Motoharu Inagaki
- Department of Physical Science and Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology Gokiso, Showa Nagoya 466-8555 Japan
| | - Taichi Isogai
- Department of Physical Science and Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology Gokiso, Showa Nagoya 466-8555 Japan
| | - Kenta Motobayashi
- Department of Physical Science and Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology Gokiso, Showa Nagoya 466-8555 Japan
| | - Kai-Qiang Lin
- Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik, Universität Regensburg Regensburg Germany
| | - Bin Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Katsuyoshi Ikeda
- Department of Physical Science and Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology Gokiso, Showa Nagoya 466-8555 Japan .,Frontier Research Institute for Materials Science (FRIMS), Nagoya Institute of Technology Gokiso, Showa Nagoya 466-8555 Japan
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8
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Wang C, Xiao L, Dai C, Nguyen AH, Littlepage LE, Schultz ZD, Li J. A Statistical Approach of Background Removal and Spectrum Identification for SERS Data. Sci Rep 2020; 10:1460. [PMID: 31996718 PMCID: PMC6989639 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-58061-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
SERS (surface-enhanced Raman scattering) enhances the Raman signals, but the plasmonic effects are sensitive to the chemical environment and the coupling between nanoparticles, resulting in large and variable backgrounds, which make signal matching and analyte identification highly challenging. Removing background is essential, but existing methods either cannot fit the strong fluctuation of the SERS spectrum or do not consider the spectra’s shape change across time. Here we present a new statistical approach named SABARSI that overcomes these difficulties by combining information from multiple spectra. Further, after efficiently removing the background, we have developed the first automatic method, as a part of SABARSI, for detecting signals of molecules and matching signals corresponding to identical molecules. The superior efficiency and reproducibility of SABARSI are shown on two types of experimental datasets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanqi Wang
- University of Notre Dame, Department of Applied and Computational Mathematics and Statistics, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, United States
| | - Lifu Xiao
- The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Columbus, OH, 43210, United States
| | - Chen Dai
- University of Notre Dame, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, United States.,Harper Cancer Research Institute, South Bend, IN, 46617, United States
| | - Anh H Nguyen
- University of Notre Dame, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, United States
| | - Laurie E Littlepage
- University of Notre Dame, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, United States.,Harper Cancer Research Institute, South Bend, IN, 46617, United States
| | - Zachary D Schultz
- The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Columbus, OH, 43210, United States.,University of Notre Dame, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, United States.,Harper Cancer Research Institute, South Bend, IN, 46617, United States
| | - Jun Li
- University of Notre Dame, Department of Applied and Computational Mathematics and Statistics, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, United States. .,Harper Cancer Research Institute, South Bend, IN, 46617, United States.
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9
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Nagy-Simon T, Tatar AS, Craciun AM, Vulpoi A, Jurj MA, Florea A, Tomuleasa C, Berindan-Neagoe I, Astilean S, Boca S. Antibody Conjugated, Raman Tagged Hollow Gold-Silver Nanospheres for Specific Targeting and Multimodal Dark-Field/SERS/Two Photon-FLIM Imaging of CD19(+) B Lymphoblasts. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:21155-21168. [PMID: 28574250 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b05145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
In this Research Article, we propose a new class of contrast agents for the detection and multimodal imaging of CD19(+) cancer lymphoblasts. The agents are based on NIR responsive hollow gold-silver nanospheres conjugated with antiCD19 monoclonal antibodies and marked with Nile Blue (NB) SERS active molecules (HNS-NB-PEG-antiCD19). Proof of concept experiments on specificity of the complex for the investigated cells was achieved by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The microspectroscopic investigations via dark field (DF), surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), and two-photon excited fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (TPE-FLIM) corroborate with TEM and demonstrate successful and preferential internalization of the antibody-nanocomplex. The combination of the microspectroscopic techniques enables contrast and sensitivity that competes with more invasive and time demanding cell imaging modalities, while depth sectioning images provide real time localization of the nanoparticles in the whole cytoplasm at the entire depth of the cells. Our findings prove that HNS-NB-PEG-antiCD19 represent a promising type of new contrast agents with great possibility of being detected by multiple, non invasive, rapid and accessible microspectroscopic techniques and real applicability for specific targeting of CD19(+) cancer cells. Such versatile nanocomplexes combine in one single platform the detection and imaging of cancer lymphoblasts by DF, SERS, and TPE-FLIM microspectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timea Nagy-Simon
- Nanobiophotonics and Laser Microspectroscopy Center, Interdisciplinary Research Institute in Bio-Nano-Sciences, Babes-Bolyai University , T. Laurian 42, 400271, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Andra-Sorina Tatar
- Nanobiophotonics and Laser Microspectroscopy Center, Interdisciplinary Research Institute in Bio-Nano-Sciences, Babes-Bolyai University , T. Laurian 42, 400271, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Faculty of Physics, Babes-Bolyai University , Kogalniceanu 1, 400084 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ana-Maria Craciun
- Nanobiophotonics and Laser Microspectroscopy Center, Interdisciplinary Research Institute in Bio-Nano-Sciences, Babes-Bolyai University , T. Laurian 42, 400271, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Adriana Vulpoi
- Nanostructured Materials and Bio-Nano-Interfaces Center, Interdisciplinary Research Institute in Bio-Nano-Sciences, Babes-Bolyai University , T. Laurian 42, 400271, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Maria-Ancuta Jurj
- Research Center for Functional Genomics and Translational Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy , Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Adrian Florea
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy , Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ciprian Tomuleasa
- Research Center for Functional Genomics and Translational Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy , Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ioana Berindan-Neagoe
- Research Center for Functional Genomics and Translational Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy , Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Simion Astilean
- Nanobiophotonics and Laser Microspectroscopy Center, Interdisciplinary Research Institute in Bio-Nano-Sciences, Babes-Bolyai University , T. Laurian 42, 400271, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Faculty of Physics, Babes-Bolyai University , Kogalniceanu 1, 400084 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Sanda Boca
- Nanobiophotonics and Laser Microspectroscopy Center, Interdisciplinary Research Institute in Bio-Nano-Sciences, Babes-Bolyai University , T. Laurian 42, 400271, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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10
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Ren X, Cao E, Lin W, Song Y, Liang W, Wang J. Recent advances in surface plasmon-driven catalytic reactions. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra05346k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Surface plasmons, the free electrons' collective oscillations, have been used in the signal detection and analysis of target molecules, where the local surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) can produce a huge EM field, thus enhancing the SERS signal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Ren
- School of Physics and Electronics
- Shandong Normal University
- Jinan
- China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Magneto-Photoelectrical Composite and Interface Science
| | - En Cao
- School of Physics and Electronics
- Shandong Normal University
- Jinan
- China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Magneto-Photoelectrical Composite and Interface Science
| | - Weihua Lin
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Magneto-Photoelectrical Composite and Interface Science
- School of Mathematics and Physics
- University of Science and Technology Beijing
- Beijing
- P. R. China
| | - Yuzhi Song
- School of Physics and Electronics
- Shandong Normal University
- Jinan
- China
| | - Wejie Liang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics
- Institute of Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing
- P. R. China
| | - Jingang Wang
- Department of Physics
- Liaoning University
- Shenyang 110036
- P. R. China
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11
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Hu W, Duan S, Luo Y. Theoretical modeling of surface and tip‐enhanced Raman spectroscopies. WIRES COMPUTATIONAL MOLECULAR SCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/wcms.1293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Hu
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry and BiologySchool of Biotechnology, Royal Institute of Technology Stockholm Sweden
| | - Sai Duan
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry and BiologySchool of Biotechnology, Royal Institute of Technology Stockholm Sweden
| | - Yi Luo
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry and BiologySchool of Biotechnology, Royal Institute of Technology Stockholm Sweden
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemical PhysicsUniversity of Science and Technology of China Hefei P. R. China
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12
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Kim JH, Twaddle KM, Cermak LM, Jang W, Yun J, Byun H. Photothermal heating property of gold nanoparticle loaded substrates and their SERS response. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2016.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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13
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Boote BW, Ferreira RAA, Jang W, Byun H, Kim JH. Sub-100 nm anisotropic gold nanoparticles as surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy substrates. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2015; 26:345701. [PMID: 26235352 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/26/34/345701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This study describes a reliable preparation of relatively small Ag/Au-based anisotropic nanostructures possessing tunable absorption bands and their use as surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) substrates. These Au nanostructures were prepared via the seed growth process of small Ag-core-Au-shell-type nanoparticles that were obtained by the subsequent reduction of Ag and Au ions by NaBH(4) and L-ascorbic acid at room temperature. The presence of Ag during the transformation process of the Ag-Au core-shell nanoparticles under light irradiation led to the formation of various small anisotropic Au nanoparticles which clearly exhibited different structural and optical properties from those of nanoparticles prepared from typical Ag-Au alloy or bare Ag or Au seeds. As the optimal size of Au-based substrates for SERS applications was reported to be below 100 nm in diameter under a constant concentration, we tested our moderately small anisotropic nanoparticles (∼55 nm in diameter) as a SERS substrate to examine the signal enhancement of 4-nitrobenzenethiol. These nanoparticles exhibited a greatly increased SERS response compared to those of similar sizes of uniform Ag and Au nanoparticles, presumably because of the increased surface area due to the nanoparticles' anisotropic nature (i.e., chemical effect) and partial overlap of their absorption bands with the SERS excitation wavelength (i.e., electromagnetic effect). In addition, these nanoparticles have shown a suitable stability to prevent significant SERS signal fluctuations caused by unpredictable aggregations. Due to our simple synthetic and modification approaches, relatively small Au-based anisotropic nanostructures can be easily designed to serve as attractive SERS templates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett W Boote
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois State University, Normal, IL 61790-4160, USA
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Walia S, Shah AK, Stoddart PR, Bhaskaran M, Sriram S. Electric field induced surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy for multianalyte detection. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:7095-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cp04912h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
This work demonstrates the ability to detect and isolate an analyte from a multianalyte mixture by SERS sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumeet Walia
- Functional Materials and Microsystems Research Group
- RMIT University
- Melbourne
- Australia
- Micro Nano Research Facility
| | - Aditya K. Shah
- Functional Materials and Microsystems Research Group
- RMIT University
- Melbourne
- Australia
- Micro Nano Research Facility
| | - Paul R. Stoddart
- Faculty of Engineering and Industrial Science
- Swinburne University of Technology
- Hawthorn
- Australia
| | - Madhu Bhaskaran
- Functional Materials and Microsystems Research Group
- RMIT University
- Melbourne
- Australia
- Micro Nano Research Facility
| | - Sharath Sriram
- Functional Materials and Microsystems Research Group
- RMIT University
- Melbourne
- Australia
- Micro Nano Research Facility
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Bayle M, Combe N, Sangeetha NM, Viau G, Carles R. Vibrational and electronic excitations in gold nanocrystals. NANOSCALE 2014; 6:9157-9165. [PMID: 24979073 DOI: 10.1039/c4nr02185a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
An experimental analysis of all elementary excitations--phonons and electron-holes--in gold nanocrystals has been performed using plasmon resonance Raman scattering. Assemblies of monodisperse, single-crystalline gold nanoparticles, specific substrates and specific experimental configurations have been used. Three types of excitations are successively analyzed: collective quasi-acoustical vibrations of the particles (Lamb's modes), electron-hole excitations (creating the so-called "background" in surface-enhanced Raman scattering) and ensembles of atomic vibrations ("bulk" phonons). The experimental vibrational density of states extracted from the latter contribution is successfully compared with theoretical estimations performed using atomic simulations. The dominant role of surface atoms over the core ones on lattice dynamics is clearly demonstrated. Consequences on the thermodynamic properties of nanocrystals such as the decrease of the characteristic Debye temperature are also considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Bayle
- Université de Toulouse, CEMES CNRS, 29 rue Jeanne Marvig, BP 94347, 31055 Toulouse Cedex 4, France.
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Ikeda K, Suzuki S, Uosaki K. Enhancement of SERS background through charge transfer resonances on single crystal gold surfaces of various orientations. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:17387-92. [PMID: 24160263 DOI: 10.1021/ja407459t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectra are accompanied by broad background emission, which limits improvements in the signal-to-noise ratio. Despite the close correlation between the background generation and the SERS enhancement, the chemical origin of the background emission has remained somewhat mysterious. In this work, SERS spectra of organic monolayers are systematically measured on an atomically defined single crystalline gold surface of various orientations, which specifically define metal-molecule chemical interactions. The use of sphere-plane type plasmonic nanogap structures on a well-defined surface enables us to evaluate the contribution of charge transfer resonances to SERS enhancement. The present results not only reveal that charge transfer resonance at metal-molecule interfaces increases the intensity of plasmon-mediated broadband emission but also provide us a consistent view about electronic structures of metal-molecule interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuyoshi Ikeda
- Division of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Hokkaido University , Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
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Chan CY, Cao ZL, Ong HC. Study of coupling efficiency of molecules to surface plasmon polaritons in surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). OPTICS EXPRESS 2013; 21:14674-14682. [PMID: 23787656 DOI: 10.1364/oe.21.014674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Studying the interaction between molecules and surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) is of great important in understanding surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). While it is known that SERS consists of excitation and emission enhancements, each of them is manifested by several sub-steps which individually also deserve attention. For example, for emission enhancement, the energy from the excited molecules is first coupled to SPPs, which then radiatively scatter to far-field. To understand these two sequential processes completely, differentiating them one by one is necessary. Here, we decouple them and determine the coupling efficiency of molecules to SPPs by using a phenomenological rate equation model. We find the coupling efficiency, defined as the ratio of the coupling rate from molecules to SPPs to the direct Raman decay rate, can be expressed as the SERS intensity ratio and the SPP absorption and radiative decay rates, which all can be determined by polarization- and angle-dependent Raman and reflectivity spectroscopy. As a demonstration, the coupling efficiencies of 6-mercaptopurine to SPPs propagating in Γ-X direction on Ag nanohole array are measured for several Raman emission wavelengths.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Y Chan
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
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Sun M, Xu H. A novel application of plasmonics: plasmon-driven surface-catalyzed reactions. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2012; 8:2777-86. [PMID: 22777813 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201200572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 235] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2012] [Revised: 04/12/2012] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The first experimental and theoretical evidence of the surface-catalyzed reaction of p,p'-dimercaptoazobenzene (DMAB) produced from para-aminothiophenol (PATP) by local surface plasmons was reported in 2010, and since that time a series of investigations have supported these findings using different experimental and theoretical methods. Recent work has also found that local plasmons can drive a surface-catalyzed reaction of DMAB converted from 4-nitrobenzenethiol (4NBT), assisted by local surface plasmons. There are at least three important discoveries in these investigations: 1) in the field of surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) the widely accepted misinterpretation (since 1994) that the chemical mechanism resulting in three additional Raman peaks of PATP in Ag or Au solutions has been corrected with a new mechanism; 2) it is confirmed that SERS is not always a noninvasive technique, and under certain conditions cannot always obtain the vibrational fingerprint information of the original surface species; 3) a novel method to synthesize new molecules, induced by local surface plasmons or plasmon waveguides on the nanoscale, has been found. This Review considers recent novel applications of plasmonics to chemical reactions, especially to plasmon-driven surface-catalyzed reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengtao Sun
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 603-146, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China.
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Synthesis of silica-coated gold nanorod as Raman tags by modulating cetyltrimethylammonium bromide concentration. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2012.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Ye J, Hutchison JA, Uji-i H, Hofkens J, Lagae L, Maes G, Borghs G, Van Dorpe P. Excitation wavelength dependent surface enhanced Raman scattering of 4-aminothiophenol on gold nanorings. NANOSCALE 2012; 4:1606-11. [PMID: 22297424 DOI: 10.1039/c2nr11805j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Detailed understanding of the underlying mechanisms of surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) remains challenging for different experimental conditions. We report on an excitation wavelength dependent SERS of 4-aminothiophenol molecules on gold nanorings. SERS and normal Raman spectra, combined with well-characterized surface morphology, optical spectroscopy and electromagnetic (EM) field simulations of gold nanoring substrates indicate that the EM enhancement occurs at all three excitation wavelengths (532, 633 and 785 nm) employed but at short wavelengths (532 and 633 nm) charge transfer (CT) results in additional strong enhancements of particular Raman transitions. These results pave the way to further understanding the origin of the SERS mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Ye
- imec vzw, Kapeldreef 75, Leuven, Belgium.
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Potara M, Baia M, Farcau C, Astilean S. Chitosan-coated anisotropic silver nanoparticles as a SERS substrate for single-molecule detection. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2012; 23:055501. [PMID: 22236478 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/23/5/055501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is a technique that has become widely used for identifying and providing structural information about molecular species in low concentration. There is an ongoing interest in finding optimum particle size, shape and spatial distribution for optimizing the SERS substrates and pushing the sensitivity toward the single-molecule detection limit. This work reports the design of a novel, biocompatible SERS substrate based on small clusters of anisotropic silver nanoparticles embedded in a film of chitosan biopolymer. The SERS efficiency of the biocompatible film is assessed by employing Raman imaging and spectroscopy of adenine, a significant biological molecule. By combining atomic force microscopy with SERS imaging we find that the chitosan matrix enables the formation of small clusters of silver nanoparticles, with junctions and gaps that greatly enhance the Raman intensities of the adsorbed molecules. The study demonstrates that chitosan-coated anisotropic silver nanoparticle clusters are sensitive enough to be implemented as effective plasmonic substrates for SERS detection of nonresonant analytes at the single-molecule level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Potara
- Nanobiophotonics and Laser Microscopy Center, Interdisciplinary Research in Bio-Nano-Sciences, and Faculty of Physics, Babes-Bolyai University, Treboniu Laurian Street 42, 400271 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Cialla D, März A, Böhme R, Theil F, Weber K, Schmitt M, Popp J. Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS): progress and trends. Anal Bioanal Chem 2011; 403:27-54. [PMID: 22205182 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-011-5631-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 402] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2011] [Revised: 11/10/2011] [Accepted: 12/01/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) combines molecular fingerprint specificity with potential single-molecule sensitivity. Therefore, the SERS technique is an attractive tool for sensing molecules in trace amounts within the field of chemical and biochemical analytics. Since SERS is an ongoing topic, which can be illustrated by the increased annual number of publications within the last few years, this review reflects the progress and trends in SERS research in approximately the last three years. The main reason why the SERS technique has not been established as a routine analytic technique, despite its high specificity and sensitivity, is due to the low reproducibility of the SERS signal. Thus, this review is dominated by the discussion of the various concepts for generating powerful, reproducible, SERS-active surfaces. Furthermore, the limit of sensitivity in SERS is introduced in the context of single-molecule spectroscopy and the calculation of the 'real' enhancement factor. In order to shed more light onto the underlying molecular processes of SERS, the theoretical description of SERS spectra is also a growing research field and will be summarized here. In addition, the recording of SERS spectra is affected by a number of parameters, such as laser power, integration time, and analyte concentration. To benefit from synergies, SERS is combined with other methods, such as scanning probe microscopy and microfluidics, which illustrates the broad applications of this powerful technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Cialla
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
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Larmour IA, Graham D. Surface enhanced optical spectroscopies for bioanalysis. Analyst 2011; 136:3831-53. [DOI: 10.1039/c1an15452d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Johnson RP, Mahajan S, Abdelsalam ME, Cole RM, Baumberg JJ, Russell AE, Bartlett PN. SERS from two-tier sphere segment void substrates. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2011; 13:16661-5. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cp21126a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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