1
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Lam TL, Li H, Tan K, Chen Z, Tang YK, Yang J, Cheng G, Dai L, Che CM. Sterically Hindered Tetradentate [Pt(O^N^C^N)] Emitters with Radiative Decay Rates up to 5.3 × 10 5 s -1 for Phosphorescent Organic Light-Emitting Diodes with LT 95 Lifetime over 9200 h at 1000 cd m -2. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2307393. [PMID: 37897146 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202307393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Described here are sterically hindered tetradentate [Pt(O^N^C^N)] emitters (Pt-1, Pt-2, and Pt-3) developed for stable and high-performance green phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). These Pt(II) emitters exhibit strong saturated green phosphorescence (λmax = 517-531 nm) in toluene and mCP thin films with emission quantum yields as high as 0.97, radiative rate constants (kr) as high as 4.4-5.3 × 105 s-1 and reduced excimer emission, and with a preferential horizontally oriented transition dipole ratio of up to 84%. Theoretical calculations show that p-(hetero)arene substituents at the periphery of the ligand scaffolds in Pt-1, Pt-2, and Pt-3 can i) enhance the spin-orbit coupling (SOC) between the lower singlet excited states and the T1 state, and S0→Sn (n = 1 or 2) transition dipole moment, and ii) introducing additional SOC activity and the bright 1ILCT[π(carbazole)→π*(N^C^N)] excited state (Pt-2 and Pt-3), which are the main contributors to the increased kr values. Utilizing these tetradentate Pt(II) emitters, green phosphorescent OLEDs are fabricated with narrow-band electroluminescence (FWHM down to 36 nm), high external quantum efficiency, current efficiency up to 27.6% and 98.7 cd A-1, and an unprecedented device lifetime (LT95) of up to 9270 h at 1000 cd m-2 under laboratory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsz-Lung Lam
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, HKU-CAS Joint Laboratory on New Materials, Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Hong Kong Quantum AI Lab Limited, Units 909-915, Building 17 W, 17 Science Park West Avenue, Hong Kong Science Park, Pak Shek Kok, Hong Kong
| | - Huiyang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, HKU-CAS Joint Laboratory on New Materials, Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Guangdong Aglaia Optoelectronic Materials Co., Ltd, Foshan, 528300, China
| | - Kaixin Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, HKU-CAS Joint Laboratory on New Materials, Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ziyong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, HKU-CAS Joint Laboratory on New Materials, Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yu-Kan Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, HKU-CAS Joint Laboratory on New Materials, Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, HKU-CAS Joint Laboratory on New Materials, Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Hong Kong Quantum AI Lab Limited, Units 909-915, Building 17 W, 17 Science Park West Avenue, Hong Kong Science Park, Pak Shek Kok, Hong Kong
| | - Gang Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, HKU-CAS Joint Laboratory on New Materials, Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Hong Kong Quantum AI Lab Limited, Units 909-915, Building 17 W, 17 Science Park West Avenue, Hong Kong Science Park, Pak Shek Kok, Hong Kong
- HKU Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518057, P. R. China
| | - Lei Dai
- Guangdong Aglaia Optoelectronic Materials Co., Ltd, Foshan, 528300, China
| | - Chi-Ming Che
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, HKU-CAS Joint Laboratory on New Materials, Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Hong Kong Quantum AI Lab Limited, Units 909-915, Building 17 W, 17 Science Park West Avenue, Hong Kong Science Park, Pak Shek Kok, Hong Kong
- HKU Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518057, P. R. China
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Alsaeedi MS. Deep-blue light-emitting cationic iridium(III) complexes featuring diamine ancillary ligands: Experimental and theoretical investigations. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 310:123935. [PMID: 38295588 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2024.123935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Deep-blue emitters based on combining two approaches are reported here. In the first approach, the nitrogen content of the cyclometallated ligand is increased using 2,4'-bpy ligands, leading to a low highest occupied molecular orbital energy. In the second approach, 2,2'-bpy is replaced with a lower electron donating ligand, leading to a high lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy. Thus, three new ionic transition metal complexes of [Ir(2,4'-bpy)2(NN)]PF6 [where NN is 2,2'-bpy (1), o-phenylenediamine (2), and 4-methoxy-o-phenylenediamine (3)] were synthesized, and their electronic and photophysical features were studied. In solution, [Ir(2,4'-bpy)2bpy]PF6 emits blue light centered at 396 nm, which is blue-shifted compared to [Ir(ppy)2bpy]PF6. The low electron donation of the diamine ancillary ligands introduces the contribution of the cyclometallated ligand to the LUMO, changing the nature of the emission and leading to different photophysical features. Density functional theory calculations indicate the long bond distances of Ir-Ns at the diamine ligands, suggesting weak metal-ligand interactions and low quantum yields.1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Sunaydih Alsaeedi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Taif University, Al-Haweiah, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia.
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3
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Xie KA, Bednarova E, Joe CL, Lin C, Sherwood TC, Simmons EM, Lainhart BC, Rovis T. Orange Light-Driven C(sp 2)-C(sp 3) Cross-Coupling via Spin-Forbidden Ir(III) Metallaphotoredox Catalysis. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:19925-19931. [PMID: 37642382 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c06285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
We report the development and characterization of a library of Ir(III) photocatalysts capable of undergoing spin-forbidden excitation (SFE) under orange light irradiation (595 nm). These catalysts were successfully applied to the construction of synthetically valuable C(sp2)-C(sp3) bonds inaccessible with existing methods of low-energy light-driven dual nickel/photoredox catalysis, demonstrating the synthetic utility of this photocatalyst family. The photocatalysts are capable of accessing both oxidatively and reductively activated coupling partners, illustrated through deaminative arylation and potassium alkyl trifluoroborate cross-coupling reactions with aryl halides. We demonstrate diverse substrate scopes of both cross-coupling paradigms under mild conditions in the first example of low-energy light-driven C(sp2)-C(sp3) metallaphotoredox coupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine A Xie
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Eva Bednarova
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Candice L Joe
- Chemical Process Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, 1 Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, United States
| | - Chenxi Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Barnard College, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Trevor C Sherwood
- Small Molecule Drug Discovery, Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Eric M Simmons
- Chemical Process Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, 1 Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, United States
| | - Brendan C Lainhart
- Chemical Process Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, 1 Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, United States
| | - Tomislav Rovis
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
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Terrones GG, Duan C, Nandy A, Kulik HJ. Low-cost machine learning prediction of excited state properties of iridium-centered phosphors. Chem Sci 2023; 14:1419-1433. [PMID: 36794185 PMCID: PMC9906783 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc06150c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Prediction of the excited state properties of photoactive iridium complexes challenges ab initio methods such as time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) both from the perspective of accuracy and of computational cost, complicating high-throughput virtual screening (HTVS). We instead leverage low-cost machine learning (ML) models and experimental data for 1380 iridium complexes to perform these prediction tasks. We find the best-performing and most transferable models to be those trained on electronic structure features from low-cost density functional tight binding calculations. Using artificial neural network (ANN) models, we predict the mean emission energy of phosphorescence, the excited state lifetime, and the emission spectral integral for iridium complexes with accuracy competitive with or superseding that of TDDFT. We conduct feature importance analysis to determine that high cyclometalating ligand ionization potential correlates to high mean emission energy, while high ancillary ligand ionization potential correlates to low lifetime and low spectral integral. As a demonstration of how our ML models can be used for HTVS and the acceleration of chemical discovery, we curate a set of novel hypothetical iridium complexes and use uncertainty-controlled predictions to identify promising ligands for the design of new phosphors while retaining confidence in the quality of the ANN predictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianmarco G. Terrones
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMA 02139USA
| | - Chenru Duan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMA 02139USA,Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMA 02139USA
| | - Aditya Nandy
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMA 02139USA,Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMA 02139USA
| | - Heather J. Kulik
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMA 02139USA,Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMA 02139USA
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5
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Shang X, Han D, Zhao L, Li L, Lv S. Theoretical insight into the photophysical properties of five phosphorescent heteroleptic iridium(iii) complexes bearing oxadiazol-substituted amide ligands. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2019; 18:1075-1080. [PMID: 30657516 DOI: 10.1039/c8pp00511g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A DFT/TDDFT (density functional theory/time-dependent density functional theory) investigation on the geometries in the ground and lowest triplet excited states, the frontier molecular orbitals, the absorption spectra and the phosphorescent emission properties of five heteroleptic iridium(iii) complexes have been performed to obtain a better understanding of structure-property relationships. The key aim was to investigate the effect of π-conjugation on the photophysical properties of these studied complexes. The lowest energy absorption wavelengths are located at 461 nm for 1, 418 nm for 2, 422 nm for 3, 426 nm for 4 and 417 nm for 5. The lowest energy emissions of complexes 1-5 are localized at 572, 463, 583, 707 and 553 nm, respectively, simulated in acetonitrile medium at M052X level. These findings could be useful to provide good guidance for the further design of new potential phosphorescent organic light-emitting diode (OLED) materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Shang
- College of Chemistry and Life Science, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun 130012, P. R. China.
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6
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Wang HY, Jing LX, Ye JT, Wang HQ, Qiu YQ. Second-order nonlinear optical response of phenyl-substituted cationic BIS-cyclometalated iridium(III) complexes: Effect of different position. JOURNAL OF THEORETICAL & COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY 2018. [DOI: 10.1142/s0219633618500335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, a series of cationic iridium complexes [(2-phenylpyridine)2(2,2[Formula: see text]-bipyridine)Ir][Formula: see text] which substituted phenyl on different ligands position have been systematically investigated by density functional theory (DFT) method. Significantly, the first hyperpolarizability [Formula: see text] values can be enhanced by introducing phenyl on 2-phenylpyridine ligands R1 or R2, whereas substituting phenyl on 2,2[Formula: see text]-bipyridine ligands R3 result in a decreasing [Formula: see text] values. The [Formula: see text] values exhibit obvious connection with the corresponding HOMO and LUMO energy gap. Furthermore, the time-dependent (TD) DFT calculations suggest that the enhanced [Formula: see text] values are related to obvious charge transfer from 2-phenylpyridine ligands to 2,2[Formula: see text]-bipyridine ligands. The investigation of frequency-dependent first hyperpolarizability [Formula: see text] ([Formula: see text]; [Formula: see text], 0) and [Formula: see text] ([Formula: see text]; [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text]) shown less dispersion effect at the low-frequency region for all of the studied complexes. Overall, tuning phenyl on the different ligands position can be seen as an effective strategy to modulate the second-order nonlinear optical response for these iridium complexes, which is benefit to theoretical and experimental further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Ying Wang
- Institute of Functional Material Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, P. R. China
| | - Li-Xue Jing
- Institute of Functional Material Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, P. R. China
| | - Jin-Ting Ye
- Institute of Functional Material Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, P. R. China
| | - Hong-Qiang Wang
- Institute of Functional Material Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, P. R. China
| | - Yong-Qing Qiu
- Institute of Functional Material Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, P. R. China
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7
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Han D, Gong P, Lv S, Zhao L, Zhao H. DFT/TDDFT investigation on the photophysical properties of a series of phosphorescent cyclometalated complexes based on the benchmark complex FIrpic. Mol Phys 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2017.1416200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Deming Han
- School of Life Science and Technology, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, Jilin, P.R. China
| | - Ping Gong
- School of Life Science and Technology, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, Jilin, P.R. China
| | - Shuhui Lv
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, Jilin, P.R. China
| | - Lihui Zhao
- School of Life Science and Technology, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, Jilin, P.R. China
| | - Henan Zhao
- College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
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8
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Brahim H, Haddad B, Brahim S, Guendouzi A. DFT/TDDFT computational study of the structural, electronic and optical properties of rhodium (III) and iridium (III) complexes based on tris-picolinate bidentate ligands. J Mol Model 2017; 23:344. [PMID: 29147775 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-017-3517-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The electronic structures and spectroscopic properties of two complexes [M(pic)3] (M = Ir, Rh) containing picolinate as bidentate ligands have been calculated by means density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent DFT/TD-DFT using three hybrid functionals B3LYP, PBE0 and mPW1PW91. The PBE0 and mPW1PW91 functionals, which have the same HF exchange fraction (25%), give similar results and do not differ drastically from B3LYP results. Calculated geometric parameters of the complexes are in good agreement with the available experimental data. The UV absorptions observed in acetonitrile were assigned on the basis of singlet state transitions. The most intense band observed in the UV-C region corresponds to ligand-to-ligand charge transfer states (LLCT) in both complexes. The theoretical spectrum of the rhodium complex is characterized by a large degree of mixing between metal-to-ligand-charge-transfer (MLCT), LLCT and metal centered (MC) states in the UV-A region. The presence of low-lying excited states with MC character affects the absorption spectrum under spin-orbit coupling (SOC) effects and play important roles in the photochemical properties. Graphical abstract Frontier molecular orbital diagram of mer-M(pic)3 (M=Ir, Rh).
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Affiliation(s)
- Houari Brahim
- Department of Chemistry, Dr Moulay Tahar University of Saida, 20000, Saida, Algeria.
| | - Boumediene Haddad
- Department of Chemistry, Dr Moulay Tahar University of Saida, 20000, Saida, Algeria
| | - Sefia Brahim
- Department of Chemistry, Dr Moulay Tahar University of Saida, 20000, Saida, Algeria
| | - Abdelkrim Guendouzi
- Department of Chemistry, Dr Moulay Tahar University of Saida, 20000, Saida, Algeria
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9
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Urinda S, Das G, Pramanik A, Sarkar P. Quantum chemical investigation on the Ir(iii) complexes with an isomeric triazine-based imidazolium carbene ligand for efficient blue OLEDs. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:29629-29640. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp03299d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Ir(iii) complexes of isomeric triazine-based imidazolium carbene with phenylpyridine or bipyridine as an ancillary ligand show blue phosphorescence with high quantum efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharmistha Urinda
- Department of Chemistry
- Visva-Bharati University
- Santiniketan-731235
- India
| | - Goutam Das
- G.S.S.S.T
- Indian Institute of Technology
- Kharagpur
- India
| | - Anup Pramanik
- Department of Chemistry
- Visva-Bharati University
- Santiniketan-731235
- India
| | - Pranab Sarkar
- Department of Chemistry
- Visva-Bharati University
- Santiniketan-731235
- India
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10
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Tuning the phosphorescence and quantum efficiency of heteroleptic Ir(III) complexes based on pyridine-tetrazole as an ancillary ligand: An overview from quantum chemical investigations. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2016.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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11
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Si Y, Qu N, Cui L, Gao B, Wu Z. A theoretical study on the electronic structures and photophysical properties of phosphorescent Iridium(iii) complexes with –CH3/H and t-Bu substituents. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:12587-93. [DOI: 10.1039/c6dt02198k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We present the electronic structures, absorption and emission spectra of a series of Ir(iii) complexes to shed light on the effect of different substituents on the photophysical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanling Si
- College of Resource and Environmental Science
- Jilin Agricultural University
- Changchun 130118
- China
| | - Nan Qu
- College of Resource and Environmental Science
- Jilin Agricultural University
- Changchun 130118
- China
| | - Liying Cui
- College of Resource and Environmental Science
- Jilin Agricultural University
- Changchun 130118
- China
| | - Bo Gao
- College of Resource and Environmental Science
- Jilin Agricultural University
- Changchun 130118
- China
| | - Zhijian Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun 130022
- P. R. China
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12
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Telleria A, Pérez-Miqueo J, Altube A, García-Lecina E, de Cózar A, Freixa Z. Azobenzene-Appended Bis-Cyclometalated Iridium(III) Bipyridyl Complexes. Organometallics 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.5b00838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ainhoa Altube
- Surfaces Division, IK4-CIDETEC, 20009, San Sebastián, Spain
| | | | - Abel de Cózar
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Zoraida Freixa
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013, Bilbao, Spain
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13
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Shang X, Han D, Zhou L, Wan N, Zhang G. Theoretical studies on the substituent effect on the photophysical properties of two series of heteroleptic Ir(III) complexes. Polyhedron 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2015.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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14
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Wu Z, Mu J, Wang Q, Chen X, Jensen L, Yi C, Li MJ. Hydroxyl and amino functionalized cyclometalated Ir(III) complexes: Synthesis, characterization and cytotoxicity studies. J Organomet Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2015.05.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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15
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Srivastava R, Joshi LR. The effect of substituted 1,2,4-triazole moiety on the emission, phosphorescent properties of the blue emitting heteroleptic iridium(III) complexes and the OLED performance: a theoretical study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 16:17284-94. [PMID: 25017989 DOI: 10.1039/c4cp02368d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A series of neutral heteroleptic mononuclear iridium(III) complexes was investigated using the density functional theory/time-dependent density functional theory approach to determine the effect of the substituted 1,2,4-triazole moiety on the electronic structures, emission, and phosphorescent properties and the organic light emitting diode (OLED) performance. The results reveal that substitution of the free position in the triazole ring by -PhOCH3 (2) provides a higher emission energy and a lower oscillator strength, leading to longer radiative lifetime values mainly due to the ligand-to-ligand charge transfer transition character. The evaluation, based on one-center spin-orbit coupling, results in higher kr values for the substituent -F5Ph (5) and a lower ΔE(S-T) value. Furthermore, we also investigated the performance of the OLED device, including the charge injection/transport/balance ability, increases in the Förster energy transfer rate and triplet exciton confinement for host and guest materials of blue emitting Ir(III) complexes. Finally, we hope that our investigations will help in the design of highly efficient phosphorescent materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruby Srivastava
- Inorganic & Physical Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad-500607, India.
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16
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Srivastava R. The effect of substituted moiety on the optoelectronic and photophysical properties of tris (phenylbenzimidazolinato) Ir (III) carbene complexes and the OLED performance: a theoretical study. Mol Phys 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2014.1002824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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17
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Li J, Zhang Q, He H, Wang L, Zhang J. Tuning the electronic and phosphorescence properties of blue-emitting iridium(iii) complexes through different cyclometalated ligand substituents: a theoretical investigation. Dalton Trans 2015; 44:8577-89. [DOI: 10.1039/c5dt00048c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A DFT/TDDFT investigation was performed to estimate the OLED performance of six reported and seven newly designed iridium(iii) complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieqiong Li
- Institute of Environmental and Analytical Sciences
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Henan University
- Kaifeng
- P.R. China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Institute of Environmental and Analytical Sciences
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Henan University
- Kaifeng
- P.R. China
| | - Hongqing He
- Wuhan Center for Magnetic Resonance
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics
- Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Wuhan 430071
| | - Li Wang
- Institute of Environmental and Analytical Sciences
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Henan University
- Kaifeng
- P.R. China
| | - Jinglai Zhang
- Institute of Environmental and Analytical Sciences
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Henan University
- Kaifeng
- P.R. China
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18
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Si Y, Zhang S, Qu N, Luan G, Wu Z. Enhancing the electronic properties and quantum efficiency of sulfonyl/phosphoryl-substituted blue iridium complexes via different ancillary ligands. NEW J CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5nj00316d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The influence of the ancillary ligands for iridium complexes on the electronic structures, absorption and emission spectra, and quantum efficiency was investigated. The results reveal that they not only tune the energy gap but also enhance the quantum efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanling Si
- College of Resource and Environmental Science
- Jilin Agricultural University
- Changchun
- P. R. China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- College of Resource and Environmental Science
- Jilin Agricultural University
- Changchun
- P. R. China
| | - Nan Qu
- College of Resource and Environmental Science
- Jilin Agricultural University
- Changchun
- P. R. China
| | - Guoyou Luan
- College of Resource and Environmental Science
- Jilin Agricultural University
- Changchun
- P. R. China
| | - Zhijian Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun 130022
- P. R. China
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Si Y, Zhang S, Gahungu G, Yang J, Wu Z. Modification of the emission colour and quantum efficiency for oxazoline- and thiazoline-containing iridium complexes via different N^O ligands. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra16269b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We present the electronic structures, absorption and emission spectra, the quantum efficiency of Ir(iii) complexes to shed light on the effect of different N^O ligands on the emitting colour and quantum efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanling Si
- College of Resource and Environmental Science
- Jilin Agricultural University
- Changchun 130118
- P. R. China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- College of Resource and Environmental Science
- Jilin Agricultural University
- Changchun 130118
- P. R. China
| | - Godefroid Gahungu
- Université du Burundi
- Faculté des Sciences
- Département de Chimie
- Bujumbura
- Burundi
| | - Jinghai Yang
- Institute of Condensed State Physics
- Jilin Normal University
- Siping 136000
- P. R. China
| | - Zhijian Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun 130022
- P. R. China
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20
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Electroluminescent Properties of LECs Based on Ionic Transition Metal Complexes Using Tetrazole-Based Ancillary Ligand. J SOLUTION CHEM 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10953-014-0225-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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21
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A large perturbation on electronic and photophysical properties of Ir(III) carbene complexes caused by the variation of N-substitution in N , N ′-heteroaromatic ligands. Chem Phys Lett 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2014.07.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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22
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Wang L, Zhang Y, Li J, He H, Zhang J. Influence of primary and auxiliary ligand on spectroscopic properties and luminescent efficiency of organoplatinum(ii) complexes bearing functionalized cyclometalated C^N^C ligands. Dalton Trans 2014; 43:14029-38. [DOI: 10.1039/c4dt01549e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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23
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Wang L, Wen J, He H, Zhang J. The reasons for ligand-dependent quantum yields and spectroscopic properties of platinum(II) complexes based on tetradentate O^N^C^N ligands: a DFT and TD-DFT study. Dalton Trans 2014; 43:2849-58. [PMID: 24343333 DOI: 10.1039/c3dt52616j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
DFT and TD-DFT methods have been employed to theoretically investigate the properties of three recently synthesized green-emitting platinum(II) complexes (1-3) bearing tetradentate O^N^C^N ligands (O^C^N^C = 2-(4-(3,5-di-tert-butylphenyl)-6-(3-(pyridin-2-yl)phenyl)-pyridin-2-yl)phenolate and its derivatives) that have been testified to be good emitters in organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), especially for complex 3. The effect of the variation of the substituents on the electronic and optical properties is emphatically explored. Our calculation results reveal that the introduction of an electron-releasing group on one phenyl ring of the O^C^N^C ligand (complex 2) does not result in a distinct alteration of the spectra. However, the incorporation of the norbornane group to the O^C^N^C ligand (complex 3) leads to a blue-shift in the absorption and emission spectra as compared with 1. In addition, how the absorption and emission spectra are affected by the solvent polarity is studied. Both the absorption and the emission spectra display red-shifts of various degrees with the decrease of the solvent polarity. The different phosphorescent quantum yields of the three complexes are compared. It is reasonable to believe that the high (3)MLCT (metal-to-ligand charge transfer) contribution and high percentage of the metallic character (M(c), %) in the emission process, as well as the largest vertical transition energy for 3, result in the highest quantum efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- Institute of Environmental and Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, P. R. China.
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24
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Han D, Shang X, Zhao L, Sun X, Zhang G, Ji W. Theoretical study on the electronic structures and phosphorescent properties of a series of iridium(III) complexes with N^C^N-coordinating terdentate ligands. Mol Phys 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2014.886734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Deming Han
- Department of Biological Engineering, School of Life Science and Technology, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohong Shang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Life Science, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun, P.R. China
| | - Lihui Zhao
- Department of Biological Engineering, School of Life Science and Technology, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, P.R. China
| | - Xiuping Sun
- School of Science, School of Science, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, P.R. China
| | - Gang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, P.R. China
| | - Wei Ji
- Department of Biological Engineering, School of Life Science and Technology, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, P.R. China
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25
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Si Y, Sun X, Liu Y, Qu X, Wang Y, Wu Z. A DFT/TDDFT study on the effect of CN substitution on color tuning and phosphorescence efficiency of a series of Ir(iii) complexes with phosphine-silanolate ligands. Dalton Trans 2014; 43:714-21. [DOI: 10.1039/c3dt52273c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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26
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Zhang S, Si Y, Wu Z. Theoretical study on the effect of different substituents on the electronic structures and photophysical properties of phosphorescent Ir(iii) complexes. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra00436a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The high quantum yield of 1 compared to 4 is explained by the S1–T1 splitting energy, the transition dipole moment and the energy gap between 3MLCT/π–π* and 3MC d–d states. Complexes 2 and 3 are expected to be the potential phosphorescence emitters in OLEDs with high quantum efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Zhang
- College of Resource and Environmental Science
- Jilin Agricultural University
- Changchun, P.R. China
| | - Yanling Si
- College of Resource and Environmental Science
- Jilin Agricultural University
- Changchun, P.R. China
| | - Zhijian Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun, P.R. China
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27
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Liu Y, Sun X, Si Y, Qu X, Wang Y, Wu Z. Tuning the electronic properties and quantum efficiency of blue Ir(iii) carbene complexes via different azole-pyridine-based N^N′ ligands. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra46804f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
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28
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Kataoka Y, Kitagawa Y, Kawakami T, Okumura M. Photophysical properties of mono- and di-nuclear platinum(II) complexes with the tridentate ligand 2-phenyl-6-(1H-pyrazol-3-yl)-pyridine: A DFT and TDDFT study. J Organomet Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2013.06.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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29
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Qu X, Liu Y, Godefroid G, Si Y, Shang X, Wu X, Wu Z. Theoretical Study on Cationic Iridium(III) Complexes with a Diphosphane Ligand - Geometry, Electronic Properties, and Application for Light-Emitting Electrochemical Cells. Eur J Inorg Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201300159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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30
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Peng Q, Niu Y, Shi Q, Gao X, Shuai Z. Correlation Function Formalism for Triplet Excited State Decay: Combined Spin–Orbit and Nonadiabatic Couplings. J Chem Theory Comput 2013; 9:1132-43. [DOI: 10.1021/ct300798t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Peng
- Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Beijing National
Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190 Beijing, People’s
Republic of China
| | - Yingli Niu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Beijing National
Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190 Beijing, People’s
Republic of China
| | - Qinghua Shi
- Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Beijing National
Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190 Beijing, People’s
Republic of China
| | - Xing Gao
- Key Laboratory of Organic OptoElectronics and Molecular
Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Zhigang Shuai
- Key Laboratory of Organic OptoElectronics and Molecular
Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, P. R. China
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31
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Langdon-Jones EE, Hallett AJ, Routledge JD, Crole DA, Ward BD, Platts JA, Pope SJA. Using Substituted Cyclometalated Quinoxaline Ligands To Finely Tune the Luminescence Properties of Iridium(III) Complexes. Inorg Chem 2012; 52:448-56. [DOI: 10.1021/ic301853t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Emily E. Langdon-Jones
- School of Chemistry,
Main Building, Cardiff University, Park
Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew J. Hallett
- School of Chemistry,
Main Building, Cardiff University, Park
Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, United Kingdom
| | - Jack D. Routledge
- School of Chemistry,
Main Building, Cardiff University, Park
Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, United Kingdom
| | - David A. Crole
- School of Chemistry,
Main Building, Cardiff University, Park
Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, United Kingdom
| | - Benjamin D. Ward
- School of Chemistry,
Main Building, Cardiff University, Park
Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, United Kingdom
| | - James A. Platts
- School of Chemistry,
Main Building, Cardiff University, Park
Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, United Kingdom
| | - Simon J. A. Pope
- School of Chemistry,
Main Building, Cardiff University, Park
Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, United Kingdom
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32
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Bai FQ, Wang J, Xia BH, Pan QJ, Zhang HX. DFT and TD-DFT study on the electronic structures and phosphorescent properties of 6-phenyl-2,2′-bipyridine tridentate iridium(iii) complexes and their isomer. Dalton Trans 2012; 41:8441-6. [DOI: 10.1039/c2dt30305a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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33
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Monaco S, Semeraro M, Tan W, Tian H, Ceroni P, Credi A. Multifunctional switching of a photo- and electro-chemiluminescent iridium–dithienylethene complex. Chem Commun (Camb) 2012; 48:8652-4. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cc34054b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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34
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M'hamedi A, Batsanov AS, Fox MA, Bryce MR, Abdullah K, Al-Attar HA, Monkman AP. Dinuclear iridium(iii) complexes of cyclometalated fluorenylpyridine ligands as phosphorescent dopants for efficient solution-processed OLEDs. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2jm31143g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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35
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Liu Y, Gahungu G, Sun X, Su J, Qu X, Wu Z. Theoretical study on the influence of ancillary and cyclometalated ligands on the electronic structures and optoelectronic properties of heteroleptic iridium(iii) complexes. Dalton Trans 2012; 41:7595-603. [DOI: 10.1039/c2dt30342f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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36
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Wang J, Bai FQ, Xia BH, Zhang HX. Efficient Blue-Emitting Ir(III) Complexes with Phosphine Carbanion-Based Ancillary Ligand: A DFT Study. J Phys Chem A 2011; 115:11689-95. [DOI: 10.1021/jp200878y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fu-Quan Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bao-Hui Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, People’s Republic of China
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hong-Xing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, People’s Republic of China
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37
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Paquette MM, Patrick BO, Frank NL. Determining the Magnitude and Direction of Photoinduced Ligand Field Switching in Photochromic Metal–Organic Complexes: Molybdenum–Tetracarbonyl Spirooxazine Complexes. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:10081-93. [DOI: 10.1021/ja109776z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle M. Paquette
- Department of Chemistry, P.O. Box 3065, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3 V6
| | - Brian O. Patrick
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z1
| | - Natia L. Frank
- Department of Chemistry, P.O. Box 3065, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3 V6
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38
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Li X, Minaev B, Ågren H, Tian H. Theoretical Study of Phosphorescence of Iridium Complexes with Fluorine-Substituted Phenylpyridine Ligands. Eur J Inorg Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201100084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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39
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Liu SJ, Song NN, Wang JX, Huang YQ, Zhao Q, Liu XM, Sun S, Huang W. A large perturbation on geometry structures, excited state properties, charge-injection and -transporting abilities of Ir(iii) complexes by different substituents on ligands: a DFT/TDDFT study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2011; 13:18497-506. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cp21805k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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