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Wasowicz TJ, Dąbkowska I, Kivimäki A, Richter R. Two-body dissociation of isoxazole following double photoionization - an experimental PEPIPICO and theoretical DFT and MP2 study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:31655-31666. [PMID: 37964643 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp03760f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
The dissociative double photoionization of isoxazole molecules has been investigated experimentally and theoretically. The experiment has been carried out in the 27.5-36 eV photon energy range using vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) synchrotron radiation excitation combined with ion time-of-flight (TOF) spectrometry and photoelectron-photoion-photoion coincidence (PEPIPICO) technique. Five well-resolved two-body dissociation channels have been identified in the isoxazole's coincidence maps, and their appearance energies have been determined. The coincidence yield curves of these dissociation channels have been obtained in the photon energy ranges from their appearance energies up to 36 eV. The double photoionization of isoxazole produces a C3H3NO2+ transient dication, which decomposes into fragments differing from previously reported photofragmentation products of isoxazole. We have found no evidence of pathways leading to the C3H2NO+, HCN+, C2H2O+, C3HN+, or C2H2+ fragments or their neutral counterparts that have been observed in previous neutral photodissociation and single photoionization studies. Instead, the dissociation of isoxazole after the ejection of two electrons is bond-selective and is governed by two reactions, HCO+ + H2CCN+ and H2CO+ + HCCN+, whose appearance energies are 28.6 (±0.3) and 29.4 (±0.3) eV, respectively. A third dissociation channel turns out to be a variant of the most intense channel (HCO+ + H2CCN+), where one of the fragment ions contains a heavy isotope. Two minor dissociation channels occurring at higher energies, CO+ + CH3CN+ and CN+ + H3CCO+, are also identified. The density functional and ab initio quantum chemical calculations have been performed to elucidate the dissociative charge-separating mechanisms and determine the energies of the observed photoproducts. The present work unravels hitherto unexplored photodissociation mechanisms of isoxazole and thus provides deeper insight into the photophysics of five-membered heterocyclic molecules containing two heteroatoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz J Wasowicz
- Division of Complex Systems Spectroscopy, Institute of Physics and Computer Science, Gdansk University of Technology, ul. G. Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland.
| | - Iwona Dąbkowska
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, ul. Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland
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Li Y, Li M, Yang T, Wang Y, Jia S, Liu X, Xu Z. Theoretical study on the formation mechanisms of CH3+ from doubly charged benzene. Chem Phys 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2021.111358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Falcinelli S, Rosi M. Production and Characterization of Molecular Dications: Experimental and Theoretical Efforts. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25184157. [PMID: 32932839 PMCID: PMC7571021 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25184157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular dications are doubly charged cations of importance in flames, plasma chemistry and physics and in the chemistry of the upper atmosphere of Planets. Furthermore, they are exotic species able to store a considerable amount of energy at a molecular level. This high energy content of several eV can be easily released as translational energy of the two fragment monocations generated by their Coulomb explosion. For such a reason, they were proposed as a new kind of alternative propellant. The present topic review paper reports on an overview of the main contributions made by the authors’ research groups in the generation and characterization of simple molecular dications during the last 40 years of coupling experimental and theoretical efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Falcinelli
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Perugia, Via G. Duranti 93, 06125 Perugia, Italy
- Correspondence: (S.F.); (M.R.); Tel.: +39-075-585-3862 (S.F.); +39-075-585-3858 (M.R.)
| | - Marzio Rosi
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Perugia, Via G. Duranti 93, 06125 Perugia, Italy
- SCITEC, CNR, Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
- Correspondence: (S.F.); (M.R.); Tel.: +39-075-585-3862 (S.F.); +39-075-585-3858 (M.R.)
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Falcinelli S, Rosi M, Pirani F, Bassi D, Alagia M, Schio L, Richter R, Stranges S, Balucani N, Lorent V, Vecchiocattivi F. Angular Distribution of Ion Products in the Double Photoionization of Propylene Oxide. Front Chem 2019; 7:621. [PMID: 31572712 PMCID: PMC6749015 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A photoelectron-photoion-photoion coincidence technique, using an ion imaging detector and tunable synchrotron radiation in the 18.0–37.0 eV photon energy range, inducing the ejection of molecular valence electrons, has been applied to study the double ionization of the propylene oxide, a simple prototype chiral molecule. The experiment performed at the Elettra Synchrotron Facility (Trieste, Italy) allowed to determine angular distributions for ions produced by the two-body dissociation reactions following the Coulomb explosion of the intermediate (C3H6O)2+ molecular dication. The analysis of the coincidence spectra recorded at different photon energies was done in order to determine the dependence of the β anisotropy parameter on the photon energy for the investigated two-body fragmentation channels. In particular, the reaction leading to CH3+ + C2H3O+ appears to be characterized by an increase of β, from β ≈ 0.00 up to β = 0.59, as the photon energy increases from 29.7 to 37.0 eV, respectively. This new observation confirms that the dissociation channel producing CH3+ and C2H3O+ final ions can occur with two different microscopic mechanisms as already indicated by the bimodality obtained in the kinetic energy released (KER) distributions as a function of the photon energy in a recent study. Energetic considerations suggest that experimental data are compatible with the formation of two different stable isomers of C2H3O+: acetyl and oxiranyl cations. These new experimental data are inherently relevant and are mandatory information for further experimental and theoretical investigations involving oriented chiral molecules and linearly or circularly polarized radiation. This work is in progress in our laboratory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Falcinelli
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Marzio Rosi
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Fernando Pirani
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnologies, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Davide Bassi
- Department of Physics, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | | | - Luca Schio
- IOM-CNR Tasc, Trieste, Italy.,Department of Basic and Applied Sciences for Engineering (SBAI), University of Rome "Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | | | - Stefano Stranges
- IOM-CNR Tasc, Trieste, Italy.,Department of Chemistry and Drug Technologies, University of Rome "Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | - Nadia Balucani
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnologies, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Vincent Lorent
- Laboratoire de physique des lasers, Université Paris 13 (UP13) - Institut Galilée - CNRS LPL UMR7538, Villetaneuse, France
| | - Franco Vecchiocattivi
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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Oghbaie S, Gisselbrecht M, Månsson EP, Laksman J, Stråhlman C, Sankari A, Sorensen SL. Dissociation of cyclopropane in double ionization continuum. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:19631-19639. [PMID: 28435962 DOI: 10.1039/c7cp01667k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Dissociative double photoionization of cyclopropane is studied in the inner-valence region using tunable synchrotron radiation. With the aid of ab initio quantum chemical calculations the energies of dication states and their favoured fragmentation pathways are determined. These are compared to the experimental appearance energies of two-body fragmentation processes and to the kinetic energy released upon dissociation. Photon energy dependent state-selective dissociation in the 25-35 eV range is found. Calculations of dissociation pathways suggest that cyclopropane ring-deformation is selectively triggered at certain photon energies. The calculations suggest that initial ring deformation essentially determines the population of different dication states that function as gateways for particular dissociation channels. The measurements show that stepwise ionization processes populate dissociative 3e'-2 states via ring-opening and Jahn-Teller active states at photon energies below the double-ionization threshold. For energies above the double-ionization threshold the kinematics indicate that double ionization takes place predominantly within the Franck-Condon region populating 3e'-1 1e''-1 states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shabnam Oghbaie
- Department of Synchrotron Radiation Research, Lund University, Lund S-221 00, Sweden.
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Galbraith MCE, Smeenk CTL, Reitsma G, Marciniak A, Despré V, Mikosch J, Zhavoronkov N, Vrakking MJJ, Kornilov O, Lépine F. XUV-induced reactions in benzene on sub-10 fs timescale: nonadiabatic relaxation and proton migration. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:19822-19828. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp02255g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Short XUV pulses produce excited cationic states of benzene. Their dynamics are probed by few-cycle VIS/NIR pulses. Very fast τ ≈ 20 fs nonadiabatic processes dominate the relaxation. In the CH3+ fragmentation channel a non-trivial transient behaviour is observed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - G. Reitsma
- Max-Born-Institut
- Max-Born-Straße 2A
- 12489 Berlin
- Germany
| | - A. Marciniak
- Institut Lumière Matière
- Université Lyon 1
- CNRS
- UMR 5306
- 10 rue Ada Byron
| | - V. Despré
- Institut Lumière Matière
- Université Lyon 1
- CNRS
- UMR 5306
- 10 rue Ada Byron
| | - J. Mikosch
- Max-Born-Institut
- Max-Born-Straße 2A
- 12489 Berlin
- Germany
| | | | | | - O. Kornilov
- Max-Born-Institut
- Max-Born-Straße 2A
- 12489 Berlin
- Germany
| | - F. Lépine
- Institut Lumière Matière
- Université Lyon 1
- CNRS
- UMR 5306
- 10 rue Ada Byron
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7
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The escape of O+ ions from the atmosphere: An explanation of the observed ion density profiles on Mars. Chem Phys Lett 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2016.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Falcinelli S, Alagia M, Farrar JM, Kalogerakis KS, Pirani F, Richter R, Schio L, Stranges S, Rosi M, Vecchiocattivi F. Angular and energy distributions of fragment ions in dissociative double photoionization of acetylene molecules in the 31.9-50.0 eV photon energy range. J Chem Phys 2016. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4962915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Falcinelli
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile ed Ambientale, Università di Perugia, 06125 Perugia, Italy
| | | | - James M. Farrar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | | | - Fernando Pirani
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università di Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Robert Richter
- Sincrotrone Trieste, Area Science Park, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Luca Schio
- IOM CNR Laboratorio TASC, 34012 Trieste, Italy
| | - Stefano Stranges
- IOM CNR Laboratorio TASC, 34012 Trieste, Italy
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologia del Farmaco, Università di Roma “La Sapienza,” 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Marzio Rosi
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile ed Ambientale, Università di Perugia, 06125 Perugia, Italy
| | - Franco Vecchiocattivi
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile ed Ambientale, Università di Perugia, 06125 Perugia, Italy
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Jänkälä K, Lablanquie P, Penent F, Palaudoux J, Andric L, Huttula M. Double photoionization in ring molecules: search of the cooper pair formation. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2014; 112:143005. [PMID: 24765953 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.112.143005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We provide a final state selective experimental study on the direct double photoionization of the valence states of benzene and pyrrole. The experiment is carried out using a magnetic-bottle electron time-of-flight coincidence setup at the incident photon energy region of 25-120 eV. We discuss on the recently discovered phenomenon of so-called Cooper pair formation [R. Wehlitz et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 109, 193001 (2012)] and show that our experiment provides contradicting evidence on its existence in the proposed form. We confirm the finding of a new two-electron continuum resonance structure observed at about 30–70 eV above the double ionization threshold in benzene, provide further information from it, and suggest an alternative explanation.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Jänkälä
- Department of Physics, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 3000, 90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - P Lablanquie
- UPMC, Université Paris 06, LCPMR, 11 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France and CNRS, LCPMR (UMR 7614), 11 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - F Penent
- UPMC, Université Paris 06, LCPMR, 11 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France and CNRS, LCPMR (UMR 7614), 11 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - J Palaudoux
- UPMC, Université Paris 06, LCPMR, 11 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France and CNRS, LCPMR (UMR 7614), 11 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - L Andric
- UPMC, Université Paris 06, LCPMR, 11 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France and CNRS, LCPMR (UMR 7614), 11 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France and Université Paris-Est, 77454 Marne La Vallée Cedex 2, France
| | - M Huttula
- Department of Physics, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 3000, 90014 Oulu, Finland
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Salén P, Kamińska M, Squibb RJ, Richter R, Alagia M, Stranges S, van der Meulen P, Eland JHD, Feifel R, Zhaunerchyk V. Selectivity in fragmentation of N-methylacetamide after resonant K-shell excitation. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:15231-40. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cp01067a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Alagia M, Bodo E, Decleva P, Falcinelli S, Ponzi A, Richter R, Stranges S. The soft X-ray absorption spectrum of the allyl free radical. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2013; 15:1310-8. [PMID: 23232557 DOI: 10.1039/c2cp43466k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The first experimental study of the X-ray absorption spectrum (XAS) of the allyl free radical, CH(2)CHCH(2), is reported. A supersonic He seeded beam of hyperthermal allyl radicals was crossed by a high resolution synchrotron radiation (SR) in the focus of a 3D ion momentum imaging time-of-flight (TOF) spectrometer to investigate the soft X-ray absorption and fragmentation processes. The XAS, recorded as Total-Ion-Yield (TIY), is dominated by C1s electron excitations from either the central carbon atom, C(C), or the two terminal carbon atoms, C(T), to the frontier orbitals, the semi-occupied-molecular-orbital (SOMO) and the lowest-unoccupied-molecular-orbital (LUMO). All of the intense features in the XAS could only be assigned with the aid of ab initio spectral simulation at the Multi-Configuration Self-Consistent-Field (MCSCF) level of theory, this level being required because of the multi-reference nature of the core-excited state wavefunctions of the open shell molecule. The ionization energies (IEs) of the singlet and triplet states of the C1s ionized allyl radical (XPS) were also calculated at the MCSCF level.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Alagia
- IOM-CNR, Laboratorio TASC, Trieste, Italy
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13
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Production of ions at high energy and its role in extraterrestrial environments. RENDICONTI LINCEI-SCIENZE FISICHE E NATURALI 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s12210-012-0215-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Alagia M, Candori P, Falcinelli S, Mundim MSP, Pirani F, Richter R, Rosi M, Stranges S, Vecchiocattivi F. Dissociative double photoionization of singly deuterated benzene molecules in the 26–33 eV energy range. J Chem Phys 2011; 135:144304. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3646516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
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