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Ma J, Xu L, Ni H, Lu C, Zhang W, Lu P, Wen J, He F, Faucher O, Wu J. Transient Valence Charge Localization in Strong-Field Dissociative Ionization of HCl Molecules. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:183201. [PMID: 34767394 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.183201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Probing transient charge localization in the innershell orbital of atoms and molecules has been made possible by the recent progress of advanced light sources. Here, we demonstrate that the ultrafast electron tunneling ionization by an intense femtosecond laser pulse could induce an asymmetric transient charge localization in the valence shell of the HCl molecule during the dissociative ionization process. The transient charge localization is encoded in the laser impulse acquired by the outgoing ionic fragments, and the asymmetry is revealed by carefully examining the electron tunneling-site distinguished momentum angular distribution of the ejected H^{+} fragments. Our work proposes a way to visualize the transient valence charge motion and will stimulate further investigations of the tunneling-site-sensitive ultrafast dynamics of molecules in strong laser fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire CARNOT de Bourgogne, UMR 6303 CNRS-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, BP 47870, 21078 Dijon, France
| | - Liang Xu
- Key Laboratory for Laser Plasmas (Ministry of Education) and School of Physics and Astronomy, Collaborative Innovation Center for IFSA (CICIFSA), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Shanghai Key Lab of Modern Optical System, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Hongcheng Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
| | - Chenxu Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Wenbin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Peifen Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Jin Wen
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials and College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Feng He
- Key Laboratory for Laser Plasmas (Ministry of Education) and School of Physics and Astronomy, Collaborative Innovation Center for IFSA (CICIFSA), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Ultra-intense Laser Science, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Olivier Faucher
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire CARNOT de Bourgogne, UMR 6303 CNRS-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, BP 47870, 21078 Dijon, France
| | - Jian Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Ultra-intense Laser Science, Shanghai 201800, China
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2
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Merritt ICD, Jacquemin D, Vacher M. Attochemistry: Is Controlling Electrons the Future of Photochemistry? J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:8404-8415. [PMID: 34436903 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c02016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Controlling matter with light has always been a great challenge, leading to the ever-expanding field of photochemistry. In addition, since the first generation of light pulses of attosecond (1 as = 10-18 s) duration, a great deal of effort has been devoted to observing and controlling electrons on their intrinsic time scale. Because of their short duration, attosecond pulses have a large spectral bandwidth populating several electronically excited states in a coherent manner, i.e., an electronic wavepacket. Because of interference, such a wavepacket has a new electronic distribution implying a potentially different and totally new reactivity as compared to traditional photochemistry, leading to the novel concept of "attochemistry". This nascent field requires the support of theory right from the start. In this Perspective, we discuss the opportunities offered by attochemistry, the related challenges, and the current and future state-of-the-art developments in theoretical chemistry needed to model it accurately.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Denis Jacquemin
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, CEISAM, UMR 6230, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Morgane Vacher
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, CEISAM, UMR 6230, F-44000 Nantes, France
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3
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Schnappinger T, de Vivie-Riedle R. Coupled nuclear and electron dynamics in the vicinity of a conical intersection. J Chem Phys 2021; 154:134306. [PMID: 33832271 DOI: 10.1063/5.0041365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultrafast optical techniques allow us to study ultrafast molecular dynamics involving both nuclear and electronic motion. To support interpretation, theoretical approaches are needed that can describe both the nuclear and electron dynamics. Hence, we revisit and expand our ansatz for the coupled description of the nuclear and electron dynamics in molecular systems (NEMol). In this purely quantum mechanical ansatz, the quantum-dynamical description of the nuclear motion is combined with the calculation of the electron dynamics in the eigenfunction basis. The NEMol ansatz is applied to simulate the coupled dynamics of the molecule NO2 in the vicinity of a conical intersection (CoIn) with a special focus on the coherent electron dynamics induced by the non-adiabatic coupling. Furthermore, we aim to control the dynamics of the system when passing the CoIn. The control scheme relies on the carrier envelope phase of a few-cycle IR pulse. The laser pulse influences both the movement of the nuclei and the electrons during the population transfer through the CoIn.
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4
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Schüppel F, Schnappinger T, Bäuml L, de Vivie-Riedle R. Waveform control of molecular dynamics close to a conical intersection. J Chem Phys 2020; 153:224307. [PMID: 33317296 DOI: 10.1063/5.0031398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Conical intersections are ubiquitous in chemical systems but, nevertheless, extraordinary points on the molecular potential energy landscape. They provide ultra-fast radiationless relaxation channels, their topography influences the product branching, and they equalize the timescales of the electron and nuclear dynamics. These properties reveal optical control possibilities in the few femtosecond regime. In this theoretical study, we aim to explore control options that rely on the carrier envelope phase of a few-cycle IR pulse. The laser interaction creates an electronic superposition just before the wave packet reaches the conical intersection. The imprinted phase information is varied by the carrier envelope phase to influence the branching ratio after the conical intersection. We test and analyze this scenario in detail for a model system and show to what extent it is possible to transfer this type of control to a realistic system like uracil.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lena Bäuml
- Department of Chemistry, LMU Munich, D-81377 Munich, Germany
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5
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Zhang Q, Fukahori S, Ando T, Kanya R, Iwasaki A, Rathje T, Paulus GG, Yamanouchi K. Absolute carrier-envelope-phase dependences of single and double ionization of methanol in a near-IR few-cycle laser field. J Chem Phys 2020; 152:194304. [PMID: 33687232 DOI: 10.1063/5.0006485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigate the carrier-envelope phase (CEP) dependences of the single and double ionization processes of methanol (CH3OH) in an intense near-IR few-cycle laser field (2.1 × 1014 W/cm2) by the asymmetry in the ejection direction of CH3 + for the non-hydrogen migration channels and CH2 + for the hydrogen migration channels created through the C-O bond breaking after the ionization. Based on the absolute CEP values at the laser-molecule interaction point, calibrated by the method using intense few-cycle circularly polarized laser pulses [Fukahori et al., Phys. Rev. A 95, 053410-1-053410-14 (2017)], we confirm that methanol cations are produced by tunnel ionization and methanol dications are produced by the recollisional double ionization. We obtain the phase offset for the double ionization accompanying no hydrogen migration to be 1.85π as the absolute CEP at which the extent of the asymmetry becomes maximum. We interpret the phase shift of 0.85π from the phase offset of 1.0π for the tunnel ionization, estimated by a tunnel ionization model incorporating the chemical bond asymmetry, as the corresponding time delay associated with the electron recollisional ionization. The positive phase shift of 0.13π for the single ionization in the non-hydrogen migration channel is interpreted as the additional time (165 as) with which a methanol cation can be excited electronically prior to the decomposition. The additional phase shift of 0.22π for the single ionization in the hydrogen migration channel is interpreted as the additional time (280 as) required for a methanol cation to be excited electronically leading to the hydrogen migration prior to the decomposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiqi Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Shinichi Fukahori
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Ando
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Reika Kanya
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Atsushi Iwasaki
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Tim Rathje
- Institut für Optik und Quantenelektronik, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität, Max-Wien-Platz 1, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Gerhard G Paulus
- Institut für Optik und Quantenelektronik, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität, Max-Wien-Platz 1, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Kaoru Yamanouchi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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6
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Mignolet B, Curchod BFE, Remacle F, Martínez TJ. Sub-Femtosecond Stark Control of Molecular Photoexcitation with Near Single-Cycle Pulses. J Phys Chem Lett 2019; 10:742-747. [PMID: 30695646 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b03814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Electric fields can tailor molecular potential energy surfaces by interaction with the electronic state-dependent molecular dipole moment. Recent developments in optics have enabled the creation of ultrashort few-cycle optical pulses with precise control of the carrier envelope phase (CEP) that determines the offset of the maxima in the field and the pulse envelope. This opens news ways of controlling ultrafast molecular dynamics by exploiting the CEP. In this work, we show that the photoabsorption efficiency of oriented H2CSO (sulfine) can be controlled by tuning the CEP. We further show that this control emanates from a resonance condition related to Stark shifting of the electronic energy levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoit Mignolet
- Theoretical Physical Chemistry, Research Unit Molecular Systems, B6c , University of Liège , B4000 Liège , Belgium
| | - Basile F E Curchod
- Department of Chemistry , Durham University , South Road , Durham DH1 3LE , United Kingdom
| | - Francoise Remacle
- Theoretical Physical Chemistry, Research Unit Molecular Systems, B6c , University of Liège , B4000 Liège , Belgium
| | - Todd J Martínez
- Department of Chemistry and the PULSE Institute , Stanford University , 333 Campus Drive , Stanford , California 94305 , United States
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , 2575 Sand Hill Road , Menlo Park , California 94025 , United States
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7
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Li H, Kling NG, Förg B, Stierle J, Kessel A, Trushin SA, Kling MF, Kaziannis S. Carrier-envelope phase dependence of the directional fragmentation and hydrogen migration in toluene in few-cycle laser fields. STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS (MELVILLE, N.Y.) 2016; 3:043206. [PMID: 26958589 PMCID: PMC4760969 DOI: 10.1063/1.4941601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The dissociative ionization of toluene initiated by a few-cycle laser pulse as a function of the carrier envelope phase (CEP) is investigated using single-shot velocity map imaging. Several ionic fragments, CH3 (+), H2 (+), and H3 (+), originating from multiply charged toluene ions present a CEP-dependent directional emission. The formation of H2 (+) and H3 (+) involves breaking C-H bonds and forming new bonds between the hydrogen atoms within the transient structure of the multiply charged precursor. We observe appreciable intensity-dependent CEP-offsets. The experimental data are interpreted with a mechanism that involves laser-induced coupling of vibrational states, which has been found to play a role in the CEP-control of molecular processes in hydrocarbon molecules, and appears to be of general importance for such complex molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Johannes Stierle
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik , Hans-Kopfermann-Str. 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Alexander Kessel
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik , Hans-Kopfermann-Str. 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Sergei A Trushin
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik , Hans-Kopfermann-Str. 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | | | - Spyros Kaziannis
- Department of Physics, Atomic and Molecular Physics Laboratory, University of Ioannina , Ioannina 45500, Greece
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8
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Kotsina N, Kaziannis S, Kosmidis C. Elucidating the two and three-body fragmentation channels on isotopically labeled nitrous oxide by a two-color asymmetric laser field. Chem Phys Lett 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2016.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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9
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Xie X, Lötstedt E, Roither S, Schöffler M, Kartashov D, Midorikawa K, Baltuška A, Yamanouchi K, Kitzler M. Duration of an intense laser pulse can determine the breakage of multiple chemical bonds. Sci Rep 2015; 5:12877. [PMID: 26271602 PMCID: PMC4536518 DOI: 10.1038/srep12877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Control over the breakage of a certain chemical bond in a molecule by an ultrashort laser pulse has been considered for decades. With the availability of intense non-resonant laser fields it became possible to pre-determine femtosecond to picosecond molecular bond breakage dynamics by controlled distortions of the electronic molecular system on sub-femtosecond time scales using field-sensitive processes such as strong-field ionization or excitation. So far, all successful demonstrations in this area considered only fragmentation reactions, where only one bond is broken and the molecule is split into merely two moieties. Here, using ethylene (C2H4) as an example, we experimentally investigate whether complex fragmentation reactions that involve the breakage of more than one chemical bond can be influenced by parameters of an ultrashort intense laser pulse. We show that the dynamics of removing three electrons by strong-field ionization determines the ratio of fragmentation of the molecular trication into two respectively three moieties. We observe a relative increase of two-body fragmentations with the laser pulse duration by almost an order of magnitude. Supported by quantum chemical simulations we explain our experimental results by the interplay between the dynamics of electron removal and nuclear motion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinhua Xie
- Photonics Institute, Vienna University of Technology, Gusshausstrasse 27, A-1040 Vienna, Austria, EU
| | - Erik Lötstedt
- Laser Technology Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Stefan Roither
- Photonics Institute, Vienna University of Technology, Gusshausstrasse 27, A-1040 Vienna, Austria, EU
| | - Markus Schöffler
- Photonics Institute, Vienna University of Technology, Gusshausstrasse 27, A-1040 Vienna, Austria, EU
| | - Daniil Kartashov
- Photonics Institute, Vienna University of Technology, Gusshausstrasse 27, A-1040 Vienna, Austria, EU
| | - Katsumi Midorikawa
- Laser Technology Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Andrius Baltuška
- Photonics Institute, Vienna University of Technology, Gusshausstrasse 27, A-1040 Vienna, Austria, EU
| | - Kaoru Yamanouchi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Markus Kitzler
- Photonics Institute, Vienna University of Technology, Gusshausstrasse 27, A-1040 Vienna, Austria, EU
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10
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Kaziannis S, Kotsina N, Kosmidis C. Interaction of toluene with two-color asymmetric laser fields: Controlling the directional emission of molecular hydrogen fragments. J Chem Phys 2014; 141:104319. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4895097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- S. Kaziannis
- Department of Physics, Atomic and Molecular Physics Laboratory, University of Ioannina, University Campus, Ioannina GR-45110, Greece
| | - N. Kotsina
- Department of Physics, Atomic and Molecular Physics Laboratory, University of Ioannina, University Campus, Ioannina GR-45110, Greece
| | - C. Kosmidis
- Department of Physics, Atomic and Molecular Physics Laboratory, University of Ioannina, University Campus, Ioannina GR-45110, Greece
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11
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Kotsina N, Kaziannis S, Kosmidis C. Hydrogen migration in methanol studied under asymmetric fs laser irradiation. Chem Phys Lett 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2014.04.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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12
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Kling MF, von den Hoff P, Znakovskaya I, de Vivie-Riedle R. (Sub-)femtosecond control of molecular reactions via tailoring the electric field of light. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2013; 15:9448-67. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cp50591j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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13
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Xie X, Doblhoff-Dier K, Roither S, Schöffler MS, Kartashov D, Xu H, Rathje T, Paulus GG, Baltuška A, Gräfe S, Kitzler M. Attosecond-recollision-controlled selective fragmentation of polyatomic molecules. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2012; 109:243001. [PMID: 23368312 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.109.243001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Control over various fragmentation reactions of a series of polyatomic molecules (acetylene, ethylene, 1,3-butadiene) by the optical waveform of intense few-cycle laser pulses is demonstrated experimentally. We show both experimentally and theoretically that the responsible mechanism is inelastic ionization from inner-valence molecular orbitals by recolliding electron wave packets, whose recollision energy in few-cycle ionizing laser pulses strongly depends on the optical waveform. Our work demonstrates an efficient and selective way of predetermining fragmentation and isomerization reactions in polyatomic molecules on subfemtosecond time scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinhua Xie
- Photonics Institute, Vienna University of Technology, A-1040 Vienna, Austria
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14
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Garg M, Tiwari AK, Mathur D. Quantum Dynamics of H2+ in Intense Laser Fields on Time-Dependent Potential Energy Surfaces. J Phys Chem A 2012; 116:8762-7. [DOI: 10.1021/jp305712d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manish Garg
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur
741 252, India
| | - Ashwani K. Tiwari
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur
741 252, India
| | - Deepak Mathur
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, 1 Homi Bhabha Road, Mumbai
400 005, India
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15
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Horsch P, Urbasch G, Weitzel KM. Analysis of Chirality by Femtosecond Laser Ionization Mass Spectrometry. Chirality 2012; 24:684-90. [DOI: 10.1002/chir.22037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2011] [Accepted: 02/15/2012] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Horsch
- Philipps-Universität Marburg; Fachbereich Chemie; Hans-Meerweinstraβe; Marburg; Germany
| | - Gunter Urbasch
- Philipps-Universität Marburg; Fachbereich Chemie; Hans-Meerweinstraβe; Marburg; Germany
| | - Karl-Michael Weitzel
- Philipps-Universität Marburg; Fachbereich Chemie; Hans-Meerweinstraβe; Marburg; Germany
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16
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Znakovskaya I, von den Hoff P, Marcus G, Zherebtsov S, Bergues B, Gu X, Deng Y, Vrakking MJJ, Kienberger R, Krausz F, de Vivie-Riedle R, Kling MF. Subcycle controlled charge-directed reactivity with few-cycle midinfrared pulses. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2012; 108:063002. [PMID: 22401063 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.108.063002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The steering of electron motion in molecules is accessible with waveform-controlled few-cycle laser light and may control the outcome of light-induced chemical reactions. An optical cycle of light, however, is much shorter than the duration of the fastest dissociation reactions, severely limiting the degree of control that can be achieved. To overcome this limitation, we extended the control metrology to the midinfrared studying the prototypical dissociative ionization of D(2) at 2.1 μm. Pronounced subcycle control of the directional D(+) ion emission from the fragmentation of D(2)(+) is observed, demonstrating unprecedented charge-directed reactivity. Two reaction pathways, showing directional ion emission, could be observed and controlled simultaneously for the first time. Quantum-dynamical calculations elucidate the dissociation channels, their observed phase relation, and the control mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Znakovskaya
- Max-Planck Institute of Quantum Optics, Garching, Germany
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17
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Korolkov MV, Weitzel KM. Femtosecond interferometry of molecular dynamics – the role of relative and absolute phase of two individual laser pulses. Z PHYS CHEM 2011. [DOI: 10.1524/zpch.2011.0154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Dynamical implications of the dissociation of a molecular ion under the influence of interferometrically generated light fields have been investigated by numerical solution of time dependent Schrödinger equations. As an example the dissociation of DCl+ ions by means of two interfering 7 fs laser pulses at 800 nm has been chosen. We demonstrate that product branching ratios D+:Cl+ can be manipulated from 10:1 to 1:10 not only by adjusting the appropriate delay time in the time-shifted two-pulse approach, but also by choosing the proper carrier envelope phase (CEP) of the two partial light fields. The effects of the phase shift related to the time shift and that of the CEP can be clearly distinguished.
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18
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Süssmann F, Zherebtsov S, Plenge J, Johnson NG, Kübel M, Sayler AM, Mondes V, Graf C, Rühl E, Paulus GG, Schmischke D, Swrschek P, Kling MF. Single-shot velocity-map imaging of attosecond light-field control at kilohertz rate. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2011; 82:093109. [PMID: 21974575 DOI: 10.1063/1.3639333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
High-speed, single-shot velocity-map imaging (VMI) is combined with carrier-envelope phase (CEP) tagging by a single-shot stereographic above-threshold ionization (ATI) phase-meter. The experimental setup provides a versatile tool for angle-resolved studies of the attosecond control of electrons in atoms, molecules, and nanostructures. Single-shot VMI at kHz repetition rate is realized with a highly sensitive megapixel complementary metal-oxide semiconductor camera omitting the need for additional image intensifiers. The developed camera software allows for efficient background suppression and the storage of up to 1024 events for each image in real time. The approach is demonstrated by measuring the CEP-dependence of the electron emission from ATI of Xe in strong (≈10(13) W/cm(2)) near single-cycle (4 fs) laser fields. Efficient background signal suppression with the system is illustrated for the electron emission from SiO(2) nanospheres.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Süssmann
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Strasse 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany
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