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van Vreeswijk SH, Weckhuysen BM. Emerging Analytical Methods to Characterize Zeolite-Based Materials. Natl Sci Rev 2022; 9:nwac047. [PMID: 36128456 PMCID: PMC9477204 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwac047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Zeolites and zeolitic materials are, through their use in numerous conventional and sustainable applications, very important to our daily lives, including to foster the necessary transition to a more circular society. The characterization of zeolite-based materials has a tremendous history and a great number of applications and properties of these materials have been discovered in the past decades. This review focuses on recently developed novel as well as more conventional techniques applied with the aim of better understanding zeolite-based materials. Recently explored analytical methods, e.g. atom probe tomography, scanning transmission X-ray microscopy, confocal fluorescence microscopy and photo-induced force microscopy, are discussed on their important contributions to the better understanding of zeolites as they mainly focus on the micro- to nanoscale chemical imaging and the revelation of structure–composition–performance relationships. Some other techniques have a long and established history, e.g. nuclear magnetic resonance, infrared, neutron scattering, electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction techniques, and have gone through increasing developments allowing the techniques to discover new and important features in zeolite-based materials. Additional to the increasing application of these methods, multiple techniques are nowadays used to study zeolites under working conditions (i.e. the in situ/operando mode of analysis) providing new insights in reaction and deactivation mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H van Vreeswijk
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - B M Weckhuysen
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
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2
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Trunschke A. Prospects and challenges for autonomous catalyst discovery viewed from an experimental perspective. Catal Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cy00275b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Autonomous catalysis research requires elaborate integration of operando experiments into automated workflows. Suitable experimental data for analysis by artificial intelligence can be measured more readily according to standard operating procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette Trunschke
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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3
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Arroyos G, da Silva CM, Theodoroviez LB, Campanella JEM, Frem RCG. Insights on Luminescent Micro- and Nanospheres of Infinite Coordination Polymers. Chemistry 2021; 28:e202103104. [PMID: 34582106 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202103104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Coordination polymers have been extensively studied in recent years. Some of these materials can exhibit several properties such as permanent porosity, high surface area, thermostability and light emission, as well as open sites for chemical functionalization. Concerning the fact that this kind of compounds are usually solids, the size and morphology of the particles are important parameters when an application is desired. Inside this context, there is a subclass of coordination polymers, named infinite coordination polymers (ICPs), which auto-organize as micro- or nanoparticles with low crystallinity. Specifically, the particles exhibiting spherical shapes and reduced sizes can be better dispersed, enter cells much easier than bulk crystals and be converted to inorganic materials by topotactic transformation. Luminescent ICPs, in particular, can find applications in several areas, such as sensing probes, light-emitting devices and bioimaging. In this review, we present the state-of-the-art of ICP-based spherical particles, including the growth mechanisms, some applications for luminescent ICPs and the challenges to overcome in future commercial usage of these materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme Arroyos
- Institute of Chemistry of Araraquara, São Paulo State University - Unesp, 14800-025, Araraquara SP, Brazil
| | - Caroline M da Silva
- Institute of Chemistry of Araraquara, São Paulo State University - Unesp, 14800-025, Araraquara SP, Brazil
| | - Lucas B Theodoroviez
- Institute of Chemistry of Araraquara, São Paulo State University - Unesp, 14800-025, Araraquara SP, Brazil
| | - Jonatas E M Campanella
- Institute of Chemistry of Araraquara, São Paulo State University - Unesp, 14800-025, Araraquara SP, Brazil
| | - Regina C G Frem
- Institute of Chemistry of Araraquara, São Paulo State University - Unesp, 14800-025, Araraquara SP, Brazil
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4
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In situ imaging of two-dimensional surface growth reveals the prevalence and role of defects in zeolite crystallization. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:28632-28639. [PMID: 33127756 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2011806117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Zeolite crystallization predominantly occurs by nonclassical pathways involving the attachment of complex (alumino)silicate precursors to crystal surfaces, yet recurrent images of fully crystalline materials with layered surfaces are evidence of classical growth by molecule attachment. Here we use in situ atomic force microscopy to monitor three distinct mechanisms of two-dimensional (2D) growth of zeolite A where we show that layer nucleation from surface defects is the most common pathway. Direct observation of defects was made possible by the identification of conditions promoting layered growth, which correlates to the use of sodium as an inorganic structure-directing agent, whereas its replacement with an organic results in a nonclassical mode of growth that obscures 2D layers and markedly slows the rate of crystallization. In situ measurements of layered growth reveal that undissolved silica nanoparticles in the synthesis medium can incorporate into advancing steps on crystal surfaces to generate defects (i.e., amorphous silica occlusions) that largely go undetected in literature. Nanoparticle occlusion in natural and synthetic crystals is a topic of wide-ranging interest owing to its relevance in fields spanning from biomineralization to the rational design of functional nanocomposites. In this study, we provide unprecedented insight into zeolite surface growth by molecule addition through time-resolved microscopy that directly captures the occlusion of silica nanoparticles and highlights the prevalent role of defects in zeolite crystallization.
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5
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Potter ME, Light ME, Irving DJM, Oakley AE, Chapman S, Chater P, Cutts G, Watts A, Wharmby M, Vandegehuchte BD, Schreiber MW, Raja R. Exploring the origins of crystallisation kinetics in hierarchical materials using in situ X-ray diffraction and pair distribution function analysis. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:18860-18867. [PMID: 32211712 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp00670j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of novel catalytic materials is predicated on understanding contemporary synthetic processes. With this fundamental knowledge in place it becomes possible to modify the final material with subtle changes to the synthesis process. In this vein, hierarchical materials, formed by the addition of a mesoporogen within the hydrothermal synthesis, have attracted a significant amount of attention due to their catalytic benefits over analogous microporous species. In this work we monitor the hydrothermal synthesis in situ of a hierarchical and a microporous aluminophosphate, for the first time, combining total scattering and pairwise distribution function data. In doing so we observe the local formation of the species, and the longer range crystallisation processes concurrently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew E Potter
- University of Southampton, Chemistry Department, Southampton, Hants SO17 1BJ, UK.
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6
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Rivera‐Torrente M, Filez M, Meirer F, Weckhuysen BM. Multi-Spectroscopic Interrogation of the Spatial Linker Distribution in Defect-Engineered Metal-Organic Framework Crystals: The [Cu 3 (btc) 2-x (cydc) x ] Showcase. Chemistry 2020; 26:3614-3625. [PMID: 31957120 PMCID: PMC7154733 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201905645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In the past few years, defect-engineered metal-organic frameworks (DEMOFs) have been studied due to the plethora of textural, catalytic, or magnetic properties that can be enhanced by carefully introducing defect sites into the crystal lattices of MOFs. In this work, the spatial distribution of two different non-defective and defective linkers, namely 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylate (BTC) and 5-cyano-1,3-benzenedicarboxylate (CYDC), respectively, has been studied in different DEMOF crystals of the HKUST-1 topology. Raman micro-spectroscopy revealed a nonhomogeneous distribution of defect sites within the [Cu3 (btc)2-x (cydc)x ] crystals, with the CYDC linker incorporated into defect-rich or defect-free areas of selected crystals. Additionally, advanced bulk techniques have shed light on the nature of the copper species, which is highly dynamic and directly affects the reactivity of the copper sites, as shown by probe molecule FTIR spectroscopy. Furthermore, electron microscopy revealed the effect of co-crystallizing CYDC and BTC on the crystal size and the formation of mesopores, further corroborated by X-ray scattering analysis. In this way we have demonstrated the necessity of utilizing micro-spectroscopy along with a whole array of bulk spectroscopic techniques to fully describe multicomponent metal-organic frameworks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Rivera‐Torrente
- Inorganic Chemistry and CatalysisDebye Institute for Nanomaterials ScienceUtrecht UniversityUniversiteitsweg 993584 CGUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Matthias Filez
- Inorganic Chemistry and CatalysisDebye Institute for Nanomaterials ScienceUtrecht UniversityUniversiteitsweg 993584 CGUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Florian Meirer
- Inorganic Chemistry and CatalysisDebye Institute for Nanomaterials ScienceUtrecht UniversityUniversiteitsweg 993584 CGUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Bert M. Weckhuysen
- Inorganic Chemistry and CatalysisDebye Institute for Nanomaterials ScienceUtrecht UniversityUniversiteitsweg 993584 CGUtrechtThe Netherlands
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7
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Rivera-Torrente M, Mandemaker LDB, Filez M, Delen G, Seoane B, Meirer F, Weckhuysen BM. Spectroscopy, microscopy, diffraction and scattering of archetypal MOFs: formation, metal sites in catalysis and thin films. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:6694-6732. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00635a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A comprehensive overview of characterization tools for the analysis of well-known metal–organic frameworks and physico-chemical phenomena associated to their applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Rivera-Torrente
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis
- Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science
- Utrecht University
- 3584 CG Utrecht
- The Netherlands
| | - Laurens D. B. Mandemaker
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis
- Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science
- Utrecht University
- 3584 CG Utrecht
- The Netherlands
| | - Matthias Filez
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis
- Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science
- Utrecht University
- 3584 CG Utrecht
- The Netherlands
| | - Guusje Delen
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis
- Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science
- Utrecht University
- 3584 CG Utrecht
- The Netherlands
| | - Beatriz Seoane
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis
- Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science
- Utrecht University
- 3584 CG Utrecht
- The Netherlands
| | - Florian Meirer
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis
- Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science
- Utrecht University
- 3584 CG Utrecht
- The Netherlands
| | - Bert M. Weckhuysen
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis
- Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science
- Utrecht University
- 3584 CG Utrecht
- The Netherlands
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8
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Pienack N, Lindenberg P, Doungmo G, Heidenreich N, Bertram F, Etter M, Wharmby MT, Terraschke H. In situ Monitoring of the Formation of [Bis(acetylacetonato)manganese(II)] Complexes. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.201800392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Pienack
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel; Max-Eyth-Str. 2 24118 Kiel Germany
| | - Patric Lindenberg
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel; Max-Eyth-Str. 2 24118 Kiel Germany
| | - Giscard Doungmo
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel; Max-Eyth-Str. 2 24118 Kiel Germany
| | - Niclas Heidenreich
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel; Max-Eyth-Str. 2 24118 Kiel Germany
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY); Notkestr. 85 22607 Hamburg Germany
| | - Florian Bertram
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY); Notkestr. 85 22607 Hamburg Germany
| | - Martin Etter
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY); Notkestr. 85 22607 Hamburg Germany
| | - Michael T. Wharmby
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY); Notkestr. 85 22607 Hamburg Germany
| | - Huayna Terraschke
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel; Max-Eyth-Str. 2 24118 Kiel Germany
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9
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Haouas M. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy for In Situ Monitoring of Porous Materials Formation under Hydrothermal Conditions. MATERIALS 2018; 11:ma11081416. [PMID: 30103562 PMCID: PMC6119870 DOI: 10.3390/ma11081416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The employment of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy for studying crystalline porous materials formation is reviewed in the context of the development of in situ methodologies for the observation of the real synthesis medium, with the aim of unraveling the nucleation and growth processes mechanism. Both liquid and solid state NMR techniques are considered to probe the local environment at molecular level of the precursor species either soluble in the liquid phase or present in the reactive gel. Because the mass transport between the liquid and solid components of the heterogeneous system plays a key role in the synthesis course, the two methods provide unique insights and are complementary. Recent technological advances for hydrothermal conditions NMR are detailed and their applications to zeolite and related materials crystallization are illustrated. Achievements in the field are exemplified with some representative studies of relevance to zeolites, aluminophosphate zeotypes, and metal-organic frameworks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Haouas
- Institut Lavoisier de Versailles, CNRS, UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, 45 av. des Etats-Unis, 78330 Versailles, France.
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10
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Boyd T, Mitchell SG, Gabb D, Long DL, Song YF, Cronin L. POMzites: A Family of Zeolitic Polyoxometalate Frameworks from a Minimal Building Block Library. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:5930-5938. [PMID: 28368582 PMCID: PMC5423706 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b01807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
We describe why the cyclic heteropolyanion [P8W48O184]40- (abbreviated as {P8W48}) is an ideal building block for the construction of intrinsically porous framework materials by classifying and analyzing >30 coordination polymers incorporating this polyoxometalate (POM) ligand. This analysis shows that the exocyclic coordination of first-row transition metals (TMs) to {P8W48} typically yields frameworks which extend through {W-O-TM-O-W} bridges in one, two, or three dimensions. However, despite the rich structural diversity of such compounds, the coordination of TMs to the {P8W48} ring is poorly understood, and therefore largely unpredictable, and had not until now been present with any structural classification that could allow rational design. Herein, not only do we present a new approach to understand and classify this new class of materials, we also present three {P8W48}-based frameworks which complement those frameworks which have previously been described. These new compounds help us postulate a new taxonomy of these materials. This is possible because the TM coordination sites of the {P8W48} ring are found, once fully mapped, to lead to well-defined classes of connectivity. Together, analysis provides insight into the nature of the building block connectivity within each framework, to facilitate comparisons between related structures, and to fundamentally unite this family of compounds. Hence we have tentatively named these compounds as "POMzites" to reflect the POM-based composition and zeolitic nature of each family member, although crucially, POMzites differ from zeolites in the modular manner of their preparation. As the synthesis of further POMzites is anticipated, the classification system and terminology introduced here will allow new compounds to be categorized and understood in the context of the established materials. A better understanding of TM coordination to the {P8W48} ring may allow the targeted synthesis of new frameworks rather than the reliance on serendipity apparent in current methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Boyd
- WestCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Joseph Black Building, University Avenue, Glasgow G12 8QQ, U.K.
| | - Scott G. Mitchell
- WestCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Joseph Black Building, University Avenue, Glasgow G12 8QQ, U.K.
| | - David Gabb
- WestCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Joseph Black Building, University Avenue, Glasgow G12 8QQ, U.K.
| | - De-Liang Long
- WestCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Joseph Black Building, University Avenue, Glasgow G12 8QQ, U.K.
| | | | - Leroy Cronin
- WestCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Joseph Black Building, University Avenue, Glasgow G12 8QQ, U.K.
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11
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Anderson SL, Gładysiak A, Boyd PG, Ireland CP, Miéville P, Tiana D, Vlaisavljevich B, Schouwink P, van Beek W, Gagnon KJ, Smit B, Stylianou KC. Formation pathways of metal–organic frameworks proceeding through partial dissolution of the metastable phase. CrystEngComm 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ce00589j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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12
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In Situ Studies on Phase Transitions of Tris(acetylacetonato)-Aluminum(III) Al(acac)3. CRYSTALS 2016. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst6120157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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13
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Wu Y, Breeze MI, Clarkson GJ, Millange F, O'Hare D, Walton RI. Exchange of Coordinated Solvent During Crystallization of a Metal-Organic Framework Observed by In Situ High-Energy X-ray Diffraction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:4992-6. [PMID: 26959076 PMCID: PMC6680260 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201600896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Using time-resolved monochromatic high energy X-ray diffraction, we present an in situ study of the solvothermal crystallisation of a new MOF [Yb2(BDC)3(DMF)2]⋅H2O (BDC=benzene-1,4-dicarboxylate and DMF=N,N-dimethylformamide) under solvothermal conditions, from mixed water/DMF solvent. Analysis of high resolution powder patterns obtained reveals an evolution of lattice parameters and electron density during the crystallisation process and Rietveld analysis shows that this is due to a gradual topochemical replacement of coordinated solvent molecules. The water initially coordinated to Yb(3+) is replaced by DMF as the reaction progresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Matthew I Breeze
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK)
| | - Guy J Clarkson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK)
| | - Franck Millange
- Département de Chimie, Université de Versailles-St-Quentin-en-Yvelines, 45 Avenue des États-Unis, 78035, Versailles cedex, France
| | - Dermot O'Hare
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Richard I Walton
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK).
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14
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Abstract
This critical review presents the various synthetic approaches and chiral chemistry of metal-camphorate frameworks (MCamFs), which are homochiral metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) constructed from a camphorate ligand. The interest in this unique subset of homochiral MOFs is derived from the many interesting chiral features for both materials and life sciences, such as asymmetrical synthesis or crystallization, homochiral structural design, chiral induction, absolute helical control and ligand handedness. Additionally, we discuss the potential applications of homochiral MCamFs. This review will be of interest to researchers attempting to design other homochiral MOFs and those engaged in the extension of MOFs for applications such as chiral recognition, enantiomer separation, asymmetric catalysis, nonlinear sensors and devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Gang Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China.
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15
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Wu Y, Breeze MI, Clarkson GJ, Millange F, O'Hare D, Walton RI. Exchange of Coordinated Solvent During Crystallization of a Metal-Organic Framework Observed by In Situ High-Energy X-ray Diffraction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201600896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wu
- Department of Chemistry; University of Oxford; Oxford OX1 3TA UK
| | - Matthew I. Breeze
- Department of Chemistry; University of Warwick; Coventry CV4 7AL UK)
| | - Guy J. Clarkson
- Department of Chemistry; University of Warwick; Coventry CV4 7AL UK)
| | - Franck Millange
- Département de Chimie; Université de Versailles-St-Quentin-en-Yvelines; 45 Avenue des États-Unis 78035 Versailles cedex France
| | - Dermot O'Hare
- Department of Chemistry; University of Oxford; Oxford OX1 3TA UK
| | - Richard I. Walton
- Department of Chemistry; University of Warwick; Coventry CV4 7AL UK)
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16
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Sobol O, Gadot E, Wang Y, Weinstock IA, Meshi L. Addressing a “Black Box” of Bottom-Up Synthesis: Revealing the Structures of Growing Colloidal-Nanocrystal Nuclei. Inorg Chem 2015; 54:10521-3. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.5b01562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Oded Sobol
- Department of Materials Engineering, §Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science & Technology, and ‡Department of Chemistry, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be’er Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | - Eyal Gadot
- Department of Materials Engineering, §Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science & Technology, and ‡Department of Chemistry, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be’er Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | - Yifeng Wang
- Department of Materials Engineering, §Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science & Technology, and ‡Department of Chemistry, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be’er Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | - Ira A. Weinstock
- Department of Materials Engineering, §Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science & Technology, and ‡Department of Chemistry, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be’er Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | - Louisa Meshi
- Department of Materials Engineering, §Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science & Technology, and ‡Department of Chemistry, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be’er Sheva 8410501, Israel
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17
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Bordiga S, Lamberti C, Bonino F, Travert A, Thibault-Starzyk F. Probing zeolites by vibrational spectroscopies. Chem Soc Rev 2015; 44:7262-341. [PMID: 26435467 DOI: 10.1039/c5cs00396b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
This review addresses the most relevant aspects of vibrational spectroscopies (IR, Raman and INS) applied to zeolites and zeotype materials. Surface Brønsted and Lewis acidity and surface basicity are treated in detail. The role of probe molecules and the relevance of tuning both the proton affinity and the steric hindrance of the probe to fully understand and map the complex site population present inside microporous materials are critically discussed. A detailed description of the methods needed to precisely determine the IR absorption coefficients is given, making IR a quantitative technique. The thermodynamic parameters of the adsorption process that can be extracted from a variable-temperature IR study are described. Finally, cutting-edge space- and time-resolved experiments are reviewed. All aspects are discussed by reporting relevant examples. When available, the theoretical literature related to the reviewed experimental results is reported to support the interpretation of the vibrational spectra on an atomic level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Bordiga
- Department of Chemistry, NIS and INSTM Reference Centers, University of Torino, Via Quarello 15, I-10135 Torino, Italy
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18
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Petukhov AV, Meijer JM, Vroege GJ. Particle shape effects in colloidal crystals and colloidal liquid crystals: Small-angle X-ray scattering studies with microradian resolution. Curr Opin Colloid Interface Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cocis.2015.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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19
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van Bokhoven JA, Lamberti C. Structure of aluminum, iron, and other heteroatoms in zeolites by X-ray absorption spectroscopy. Coord Chem Rev 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2014.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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20
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Garino C, Borfecchia E, Gobetto R, van Bokhoven JA, Lamberti C. Determination of the electronic and structural configuration of coordination compounds by synchrotron-radiation techniques. Coord Chem Rev 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2014.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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21
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Niekiel F, Ackermann M, Guerrier P, Rothkirch A, Stock N. Aluminum-1,4-cyclohexanedicarboxylates: High-Throughput and Temperature-Dependent in Situ EDXRD Studies. Inorg Chem 2013; 52:8699-705. [DOI: 10.1021/ic400825b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Felicitas Niekiel
- Institut für
Anorganische Chemie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Max-Eyth Straße 2, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Maximilian Ackermann
- Institut für
Anorganische Chemie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Max-Eyth Straße 2, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Paul Guerrier
- Institut für
Anorganische Chemie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Max-Eyth Straße 2, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - André Rothkirch
- Photon Science, DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Norbert Stock
- Institut für
Anorganische Chemie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Max-Eyth Straße 2, 24118 Kiel, Germany
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Wragg DS, Bleken FL, O'Brien MG, Di Michiel M, Fjellvåg H, Olsbye U. The fast Z-scan method for studying working catalytic reactors with high energy X-ray diffraction: ZSM-5 in the methanol to gasoline process. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2013; 15:8662-71. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cp44343d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Zangana KH, Pineda EM, Schnack J, Winpenny REP. Octametallic 4f-phosphonate horseshoes. Dalton Trans 2013; 42:14045-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c3dt52086b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Wang JJ, Zhang LP, Huang L, Chen J. Synthesis, crystal structures, and infrared spectroscopy of a series of lanthanide phosphonoacetate coordination polymers. J COORD CHEM 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2012.713944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Jie Wang
- a College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Anyang Normal University , Anyang , Henan 455002 , P.R. China
| | - Li-Ping Zhang
- a College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Anyang Normal University , Anyang , Henan 455002 , P.R. China
| | - Liang Huang
- a College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Anyang Normal University , Anyang , Henan 455002 , P.R. China
| | - Jing Chen
- a College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Anyang Normal University , Anyang , Henan 455002 , P.R. China
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Zhang YJ, Wang JJ, Chen J. Three Nickel(II) and Zinc(II) Complexes with Two Novel Nitronyl Nitroxide Ligands: Syntheses, Crystal Structures, and Luminescent Properties. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.201200151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Wang JJ, Chang Z, Hu TL. Cadmium(II) and lanthanum(III) coordination architectures with anthracene-9,10-dicarboxylate: Crystal structures and photoluminescent properties. Inorganica Chim Acta 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2011.12.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Hikov T, Schröder CA, Cravillon J, Wiebcke M, Huber K. In situ static and dynamic light scattering and scanning electron microscopy study on the crystallization of the dense zinc imidazolate framework ZIF-zni. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2012; 14:511-21. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cp22855b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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28
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Abstract
Nanoporous metal organic frameworks (MOFs) form one of the newest families of crystalline nanoporous material that is receiving worldwide attention. Successful use of MOFs for application requires not only development of new materials but also a need to control their crystal properties such as size, morphology, and defect concentration. An understanding of the crystal growth processes is necessary in order to aid development of routes to control such properties of the crystallites. In this Perspective article we aim to provide a short overview of the current work and understanding concerning the nucleation and growth processes of nanoporous MOFs and how this work may be expanded upon to further our comprehension of this subject. We also focus heavily on in situ studies that provide real time information on the developing materials and generally provide the most conclusive findings on the processes under investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin P Attfield
- Centre for Nanoporous Materials, School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Brunswick Street, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
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