1
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Eren N, Fadaei-Tirani F, Scopelliti R, Severin K. Molecular imine cages with π-basic Au 3(pyrazolate) faces. Chem Sci 2024; 15:3539-3544. [PMID: 38455017 PMCID: PMC10915823 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc06280e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
One tetrahedral and two trigonal prismatic cages with π-basic Au3(pyrazolate)3 faces were obtained by connection of pre-formed gold complexes via dynamic covalent imine chemistry. The parallel arrangement of the Au3(pyrazolate)3 complexes in the prismatic cages augments the interaction with π-acids, as demonstrated by the encapsulation of polyhalogenated aromatic compounds. The tetrahedral cage was found to act as a potent receptor for fullerenes. The structures of the three cages, as well as the structures of adducts with C60 and C70, could be established by X-ray crystallography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noga Eren
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Farzaneh Fadaei-Tirani
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Rosario Scopelliti
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Kay Severin
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
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2
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Liu WC, Gabbaï FP. Placing gold on a π +-surface: ligand design and impact on reactivity. Chem Sci 2023; 14:277-283. [PMID: 36687358 PMCID: PMC9811580 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc05574k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe a novel gold chloride complex supported by an ambiphilic phosphine/xanthylium ligand in which the AuCl moiety interacts with the π+ surface of the xanthylium unit as indicated by structural studies. Energy decomposition analyses carried out on a model system indicates the prevalence of non-covalent interactions in which the electrostatic and dispersion terms cumulatively dominate. The presence of these AuCl-π+ interactions correlates with the high catalytic activity of this complex in the cyclisation of 2-(phenylethynyl)phenylboronic acid, N-propargyl-t-butylamide, and 2-allyl-2-(2-propynyl)malonate. Comparison with the significantly less active acridinium and the 9-oxa-10-boraanthracene analogues reinforces this conclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Chun Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationTX 77843USA
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3
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Longhi A, Baron M, Rancan M, Bottaro G, Orian L, Graiff C, Roverso M, Menegazzo I, Armelao L, Bogialli S, Tubaro C. Silver(I) and gold(I) complexes with bitriazole‐based N‐heterocyclic carbene ligand: solid state features and behavior in solution. Appl Organomet Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.6764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Longhi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche Università degli Studi di Padova Padova Italy
| | - Marco Baron
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche Università degli Studi di Padova Padova Italy
| | - Marzio Rancan
- ICMATE‐CNR, c/o Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche Padova Italy
| | | | - Laura Orian
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche Università degli Studi di Padova Padova Italy
| | - Claudia Graiff
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale, Università degli Studi di Parma Parma Italy
| | - Marco Roverso
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche Università degli Studi di Padova Padova Italy
| | - Ileana Menegazzo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche Università degli Studi di Padova Padova Italy
| | - Lidia Armelao
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche Università degli Studi di Padova Padova Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Tecnologie dei Materiali, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Roma Italy
| | - Sara Bogialli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche Università degli Studi di Padova Padova Italy
- ICMATE‐CNR, c/o Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche Padova Italy
| | - Cristina Tubaro
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche Università degli Studi di Padova Padova Italy
- ICMATE‐CNR, c/o Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche Padova Italy
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4
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Galassi R, Luciani L, Graiff C, Manca G. A Reinterpretation of the Imidazolate Au(I) Cyclic Trinuclear Compounds Reactivity with Iodine and Methyl Iodide with the Perspective of the Inverted Ligand Field Theory. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:3527-3539. [PMID: 35166538 PMCID: PMC8889582 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c03492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Coinage metal cyclic trinuclear compounds
(CTCs) are an emerging
class of metal coordination compounds that are valuable for many fine
optoelectronic applications, even though the reactivity dependence
by the different bridging ligands remains somewhat unclear. In this
work, to furnish some hints to unravel the effect of substituents
on the chemistry of Au(I) CTCs made of a specific class of bridging
ligand, we have considered two imidazolate Au(I) CTCs and the effect
of different substituents on the pyrrolic N atoms relative to classic
metal oxidations with I2 or by probing electrophilic additions.
Experimental suggestions depict a thin borderline between the addition
of MeI to the N-methyl or N-benzyl imidazolyl CTCs, which afford the
oxidized CTC in the former and the ring opening of the CTC and the
formation of carbene species in the latter. Moreover, the reactions
with iodine yield to the oxidation of the metal centers for the former
and just of a metal center in the latter, even in molar excess of
iodine. The analysis of the bond distances in the X-ray crystal structures
of the oxidized highlights that Au(III)-C and Au(III)-N bonds are
longer than observed for Au(I)–C and Au(I)–N bonds,
as formally not expected for Au(III) centers. Computational studies
converge on the attribution of these discrepancies to an additional
case of inverted ligand field (ILF), which solves the question with
a new interpretation of the Au(I)–ligand bonding in the oxidized
CTCs, which furnishes a new interpretation of the Au(I)-ligand bonding
in the oxidized CTCs, opening a discussion about addition/oxidation
reactions. Finally, the theoretical studies outputs depict energy
profiles that are compatible with the experimental results obtained
in the reaction of the two CTCs toward the addition of I2, MeI, and HCl. A revisitation
of some classic oxidation reactions of gold
centers in cyclic trinuclear compounds (CTCs) provides experimental
results leading to the opportunity to delineate the effect of imidazole
substituents in different outcomes from the reactions of CTCs with
I2 or MeI. Moreover, with the match between experimental
and theoretical results, a new interpretation of the oxidation states
of tetracoordinate gold as cases of inverted ligand field (ILF) is
discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossana Galassi
- School of Science and Technology, Chemistry Division, University of Camerino, Via Sant'Agostino, 1, I-62032, Camerino, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Luciani
- School of Science and Technology, Chemistry Division, University of Camerino, Via Sant'Agostino, 1, I-62032, Camerino, Italy
| | - Claudia Graiff
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Gabriele Manca
- Istituto di Chimica dei Composti Organo-Metallici, CNR-ICCOM, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
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5
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Kinzhalov MA, Grachova EV, Luzyanin KV. Tuning the luminescence of transition metal complexes with acyclic diaminocarbene ligands. Inorg Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qi01288f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Organometallics featuring acyclic diaminocarbene ligands have recently emerged as powerful emitters for use in electroluminescent technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail A. Kinzhalov
- St Petersburg University, 7/9 Universitetskaya Nab., Saint Petersburg, 199034, Russia
| | - Elena V. Grachova
- St Petersburg University, 7/9 Universitetskaya Nab., Saint Petersburg, 199034, Russia
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6
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Zelenkov LE, Eliseeva AA, Baykov S, Ivanov DM, Sumina AI, Gomila RM, Frontera A, Kukushkin VY, Bokach NA. Inorganic–Organic {dz2-MIIS4}···π-Hole Stacking in Reverse Sandwich Structures. The Case of Cocrystals of Group 10 Metal Dithiocarbamates with Electron-deficient Arenes. Inorg Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qi00438k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Cocrystallization of the dithiocarbamate complexes [M(S2CNEt2)2] (M = Ni 1, Pd 2, Pt 3) and X-substituted perfluoroarenes (X = I, Br; 1,2-dibromoperfluorobenzene FBrB and 1,2-diiodoperfluorobenzene FIB) gives isomorphous cocrystals of...
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7
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Xia RQ, Zheng J, Wei RJ, He J, Ye DQ, Li MD, Ning GH, Li D. Strong visible-light-absorbing Bodipy-based Cu(I) cyclic trinuclear sensitizers for photocatalysis. Inorg Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qi00353h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Exploring earth-abundant photosensitizers (PSs) with strong visible-light absorption is a long-standing interest, yet still challenging. Although copper(I) cyclic trinuclear complexes (Cu-CTCs) have exhibited fascinating photoluminescence properties, their potential application as...
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8
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Xie M, Chen XR, Wu K, Lu Z, Wang K, Li N, Wei RJ, Zhan SZ, Ning GH, Zou B, Li D. Pressure-induced phosphorescence enhancement and piezochromism of a carbazole-based cyclic trinuclear Cu(i) complex. Chem Sci 2021; 12:4425-4431. [PMID: 34163707 PMCID: PMC8179561 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc07058k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Interest in piezochromic luminescence has increased in recent decades, even though it is mostly limited to pure organic compounds and fluorescence. In this work, a Cu3Pz3 (Cu3, Pz: pyrazolate) cyclic trinuclear complex (CTC) with two different crystalline polymorphs, namely 1a and 1b, was synthesized. The CTC consists of two functional moieties: carbazole (Cz) chromophore and Cu3 units. In crystals of 1a, discrete Cz-Cu3-Cu3-Cz stacking was found, showing abnormal pressure-induced phosphorescence enhancement (PIPE), which was 12 times stronger at 2.23 GPa compared to under ambient conditions. This novel observation is ascribed to cooperation between heavy-atom effects (i.e., from Cu atoms) and metal-ligand charge-transfer promotion. The infinite π-π stacking of Cz motifs was observed in 1b and it exhibited good piezochromism as the pressure increased. This work demonstrates a new concept in the design of piezochromic materials to achieve PIPE via combining organic chromophores and metal-organic phosphorescence emitters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mo Xie
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Coordination Materials and Applications, Jinan University Guangzhou Guangdong 510632 People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Ru Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Shantou University Shantou Guangdong 515063 People's Republic of China
| | - Kun Wu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Coordination Materials and Applications, Jinan University Guangzhou Guangdong 510632 People's Republic of China
| | - Zhou Lu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Coordination Materials and Applications, Jinan University Guangzhou Guangdong 510632 People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, Jilin University Changchun 130012 People's Republic of China
| | - Nan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, Jilin University Changchun 130012 People's Republic of China
| | - Rong-Jia Wei
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Coordination Materials and Applications, Jinan University Guangzhou Guangdong 510632 People's Republic of China
| | - Shun-Ze Zhan
- Department of Chemistry, Shantou University Shantou Guangdong 515063 People's Republic of China
| | - Guo-Hong Ning
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Coordination Materials and Applications, Jinan University Guangzhou Guangdong 510632 People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, Jilin University Changchun 130012 People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Li
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Coordination Materials and Applications, Jinan University Guangzhou Guangdong 510632 People's Republic of China
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9
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Torubaev YV, Skabitsky IV, Rozhkov AV, Galmés B, Frontera A, Kukushkin VY. Highly polar stacking interactions wrap inorganics in organics: lone-pair–π-hole interactions between the PdO 4 core and electron-deficient arenes. Inorg Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qi01067k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Each PdO4 plane of Pd3(OAc)6 behaved as a 5-center nucleophile (O lone pairs and the dz2-PdII orbital) that interacts with π-donating arenes to afford highly polar circular stacking, where organics wrapped inorganics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yury V. Torubaev
- N. S. Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991 Russian Federation
| | - Ivan V. Skabitsky
- N. S. Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991 Russian Federation
| | - Anton V. Rozhkov
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya Nab. 7/9, Saint Petersburg, 199034 Russian Federation
| | - Bartomeu Galmés
- Department of Chemistry, Universitat de les IllesBalears, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Baleares, Spain
| | - Antonio Frontera
- Department of Chemistry, Universitat de les IllesBalears, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Baleares, Spain
| | - Vadim Yu. Kukushkin
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya Nab. 7/9, Saint Petersburg, 199034 Russian Federation
- Institute of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Technologies, Altai State University, 656049 Barnaul, Russian Federation
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10
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Zheng J, Lu Z, Wu K, Ning GH, Li D. Coinage-Metal-Based Cyclic Trinuclear Complexes with Metal-Metal Interactions: Theories to Experiments and Structures to Functions. Chem Rev 2020; 120:9675-9742. [PMID: 32786416 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Among the d10 coinage metal complexes, cyclic trinuclear complexes (CTCs) or trinuclear metallocycles with intratrimer metal-metal interactions are fascinating and important metal-organic or organometallic π-acids/bases. Each CTC of characteristic planar or near-planar trimetal nine-membered rings consists of Au(I)/Ag(I)/Cu(I) cations that linearly coordinate with N and/or C atoms in ditopic anionic bridging ligands. Since the first discovery of Au(I) CTC in the 1970s, research of CTCs has involved several fundamental areas, including noncovalent and metallophilic interaction, excimer/exciplex, acid-base chemistry, metalloaromaticity, supramolecular assemblies, and host/guest chemistry. These allow CTCs to be embraced in a wide range of innovative potential applications that include chemical sensing, semiconducting, gas and liquid adsorption/separation, catalysis, full-color display, and solid-state lighting. This review aims to provide a historic and comprehensive summary on CTCs and their extension to higher nuclearity complexes and coordination polymers from the perspectives of synthesis, structure, theoretical insight, and potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Zheng
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Coordination Materials and Applications, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhou Lu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Coordination Materials and Applications, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China
| | - Kun Wu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Coordination Materials and Applications, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China
| | - Guo-Hong Ning
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Coordination Materials and Applications, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Li
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Coordination Materials and Applications, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China
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11
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Rozhkov AV, Ananyev IV, Gomila RM, Frontera A, Kukushkin VY. π-Hole··· dz2[Pt II] Interactions with Electron-Deficient Arenes Enhance the Phosphorescence of Pt II-Based Luminophores. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:9308-9314. [PMID: 32516531 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c01170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Two phosphorescent PtII-based cyclometalated complexes were co-crystallized with perfluorinated arenes to give 1:1 co-crystals. The X-ray study revealed that each of the complexes is embraced by arenesF to give infinite reverse sandwich structures. In four out of six structures, a dz2 orbital of PtII is directed to the arenesF ring via π-hole···dz2[PtII] interactions, whereas in the other two structures, the filled dz2 orbital is directed toward the arene C atoms. Computed molecular electrostatic potential surfaces of the arenesF and the complexes, noncovalent interaction indexes for the co-crystals, and natural bond orbital calculations indicate that π-hole···dz2[PtII] contacts (and, generally, the stacking) are of electrostatic origin. The solid-state photophysical study revealed up to 3.5-fold luminescence quantum yield and 15-fold lifetime enhancements in the co-crystals. This increase is associated with the strength of the π-hole···dz2[PtII] contact that is dependent on the π-acidity of the areneF and its spatial characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton V Rozhkov
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Ivan V Ananyev
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds of RAS, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Rosa M Gomila
- Department of Chemistry, Universitat de les Illes Balears, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Baleares, Spain
| | - Antonio Frontera
- Department of Chemistry, Universitat de les Illes Balears, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Baleares, Spain
| | - Vadim Yu Kukushkin
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia
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12
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Ruiz J, Sol D, Mateo MA, Vivanco M, Badía-Laiño R. A new approach to the synthesis of trinuclear gold(i) imidazolate complexes and their silver(i)-induced photoluminescence behavior. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:6561-6565. [PMID: 32347262 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt01246g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
New trinuclear gold(i) N-arylimidazolate cluster complexes have been synthesized from cationic [Au(CNR)2]+ isocyanide complexes and their structure and photoluminescence behavior have been compared with those of their 1-methylimidazolate counterpart. A drastic change in their photophysical properties was observed upon coordination of the Ag+ cation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Ruiz
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain.
| | - Daniel Sol
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain.
| | - María A Mateo
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain.
| | - Marilín Vivanco
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain.
| | - Rosana Badía-Laiño
- Departamento de Química Física y Analítica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
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13
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Ghimire MM, Simon OC, Harris LM, Appiah A, Mitch RM, Nesterov VN, Macchioni A, Zuccaccia C, Rabaâ H, Galassi R, Omary MA. Binary Donor-Acceptor Adducts of Tetrathiafulvalene Donors with Cyclic Trimetallic Monovalent Coinage Metal Acceptors. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:15303-15319. [PMID: 31651151 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b02294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Reactions between the π-acidic cyclic trimetallic coinage metal(I) complexes {[Cu(μ-3,5-(CF3)2pz)]3, {[Ag(μ-3,5-(CF3)2pz)]3, and {[Au(μ-3,5-(CF3)2pz)]3 with TTF, DBTTF and BEDT-TTF give rise to a series of coinage metal(I)-based new binary donor-acceptor adducts {[Cu(μ-3,5-(CF3)2pz)]3DBTTF} (1), {[Ag(μ-3,5-(CF3)2pz)]3DBTTF} (2), {[Au(μ-3,5-(CF3)2pz)]3DBTTF} (3), {[Cu(μ-3,5-(CF3)2pz)]3TTF} (4), {[Ag(μ-3,5-(CF3)2pz)]3TTF} (5), {[Au(μ-3,5-(CF3)2pz)]3TTF} (6), {[Cu(μ-3,5-(CF3)2pz)]3BEDT-TTF} (7), {[Ag(μ-3,5-(CF3)2pz)]3BEDT-TTF} (8), and {[Au(μ-3,5-(CF3)2pz)]3BEDT-TTF} (9), where pz = pyrazolate, TTF = tetrathiafulvalene, DBTTF = dibenzotetrathiafulvalene, and BEDT-TTF = bis(ethylenedithio)tetrathiafulvalene. This series of binary donor-acceptor adducts has been found to exhibit remarkable supramolecular structures in both the solid state and solution, whereby they exhibit supramolecular stacked chains and oligomers, respectively. The supramolecular solid-state and solution binary donor-acceptor adducts also exhibit superior shelf stability under ambient laboratory storage conditions. Structural and other electronic properties of solids and solutions of these adducts have been characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction (XRD) structural analysis, 1H and 19F NMR, UV-vis-near-IR spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared, and computational investigations. The combined results of XRD structural data analysis, spectroscopic measurements, and theoretical studies suggest sustenance of the donor-acceptor stacked structure and electronic communication in both the solid state and solution. These properties are discussed in terms of potential applications for this new class of supramolecular binary donor-acceptor adducts in molecular electronic devices, including solar cells, magnetic switching devices, and field-effect transistors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukunda M Ghimire
- Department of Chemistry , University of North Texas , Denton , Texas 76203 , United States.,Lebanon Valley College , Annville , Pennsylvania 17003 , United States
| | - Oumarou C Simon
- Department of Chemistry , University of North Texas , Denton , Texas 76203 , United States.,School of Science and Technology, Chemistry Division , University of Camerino , Via Sant'Agostino 1 , Camerino I-62032 , Italy
| | - Lauren M Harris
- Department of Chemistry , University of North Texas , Denton , Texas 76203 , United States
| | - Annette Appiah
- Lebanon Valley College , Annville , Pennsylvania 17003 , United States
| | - Ryan M Mitch
- Lebanon Valley College , Annville , Pennsylvania 17003 , United States
| | - Vladimir N Nesterov
- Department of Chemistry , University of North Texas , Denton , Texas 76203 , United States
| | - Alceo Macchioni
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology , University of Perugia , Via Elce di Sotto 8 , Perugia I-06123 , Italy
| | - Cristiano Zuccaccia
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology , University of Perugia , Via Elce di Sotto 8 , Perugia I-06123 , Italy
| | - Hassan Rabaâ
- Department of Chemistry, ESCTM , Ibn Tofail University , P.O. Box 133, Kenitra 14000 , Morocco
| | - Rossana Galassi
- School of Science and Technology, Chemistry Division , University of Camerino , Via Sant'Agostino 1 , Camerino I-62032 , Italy
| | - Mohammad A Omary
- Department of Chemistry , University of North Texas , Denton , Texas 76203 , United States.,Department of Chemistry , Yarmouk University , Irbid 21163 , Jordan
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14
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A. Katkova S, S. Mikherdov A, A. Kinzhalov M, S. Novikov A, A. Zolotarev A, Boyarskiy VP, Kukushkin VY. (Isocyano Group π‐Hole)⋅⋅⋅[d‐M
II
] Interactions of (Isocyanide)[M
II
] Complexes, in which Positively Charged Metal Centers (d
8
‐M=Pt, Pd) Act as Nucleophiles. Chemistry 2019; 25:8590-8598. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201901187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana A. Katkova
- Saint Petersburg State University Universitetskaya Nab., 7/9 Saint Petersburg Russian Federation
| | - Alexander S. Mikherdov
- Saint Petersburg State University Universitetskaya Nab., 7/9 Saint Petersburg Russian Federation
| | - Mikhail A. Kinzhalov
- Saint Petersburg State University Universitetskaya Nab., 7/9 Saint Petersburg Russian Federation
| | - Alexander S. Novikov
- Saint Petersburg State University Universitetskaya Nab., 7/9 Saint Petersburg Russian Federation
| | - Andrey A. Zolotarev
- Saint Petersburg State University Universitetskaya Nab., 7/9 Saint Petersburg Russian Federation
| | - Vadim P. Boyarskiy
- Saint Petersburg State University Universitetskaya Nab., 7/9 Saint Petersburg Russian Federation
| | - Vadim Yu. Kukushkin
- Saint Petersburg State University Universitetskaya Nab., 7/9 Saint Petersburg Russian Federation
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15
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Rozhkov AV, Krykova MA, Ivanov DM, Novikov AS, Sinelshchikova AA, Volostnykh MV, Konovalov MA, Grigoriev MS, Gorbunova YG, Kukushkin VY. Reverse Arene Sandwich Structures Based upon π‐Hole⋅⋅⋅[M
II
] (d
8
M=Pt, Pd) Interactions, where Positively Charged Metal Centers Play the Role of a Nucleophile. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:4164-4168. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201814062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anton V. Rozhkov
- Institute of ChemistrySaint Petersburg State University Universitetskaya Nab. 7/9 199034 Saint Petersburg Russian Federation
| | - Mariya A. Krykova
- Institute of ChemistrySaint Petersburg State University Universitetskaya Nab. 7/9 199034 Saint Petersburg Russian Federation
| | - Daniil M. Ivanov
- Institute of ChemistrySaint Petersburg State University Universitetskaya Nab. 7/9 199034 Saint Petersburg Russian Federation
| | - Alexander S. Novikov
- Institute of ChemistrySaint Petersburg State University Universitetskaya Nab. 7/9 199034 Saint Petersburg Russian Federation
| | - Anna A. Sinelshchikova
- Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and ElectrochemistryRussian Academy of Sciences Leninsky Pr. 31-4 119071 Moscow Russian Federation
| | - Marina V. Volostnykh
- Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and ElectrochemistryRussian Academy of Sciences Leninsky Pr. 31-4 119071 Moscow Russian Federation
| | - Mikhail A. Konovalov
- Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and ElectrochemistryRussian Academy of Sciences Leninsky Pr. 31-4 119071 Moscow Russian Federation
| | - Mikhail S. Grigoriev
- Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and ElectrochemistryRussian Academy of Sciences Leninsky Pr. 31-4 119071 Moscow Russian Federation
| | - Yulia G. Gorbunova
- Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and ElectrochemistryRussian Academy of Sciences Leninsky Pr. 31-4 119071 Moscow Russian Federation
| | - Vadim Yu. Kukushkin
- Institute of ChemistrySaint Petersburg State University Universitetskaya Nab. 7/9 199034 Saint Petersburg Russian Federation
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16
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Rozhkov AV, Krykova MA, Ivanov DM, Novikov AS, Sinelshchikova AA, Volostnykh MV, Konovalov MA, Grigoriev MS, Gorbunova YG, Kukushkin VY. Reverse Arene Sandwich Structures Based upon π‐Hole⋅⋅⋅[M
II
] (d
8
M=Pt, Pd) Interactions, where Positively Charged Metal Centers Play the Role of a Nucleophile. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201814062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anton V. Rozhkov
- Institute of ChemistrySaint Petersburg State University Universitetskaya Nab. 7/9 199034 Saint Petersburg Russian Federation
| | - Mariya A. Krykova
- Institute of ChemistrySaint Petersburg State University Universitetskaya Nab. 7/9 199034 Saint Petersburg Russian Federation
| | - Daniil M. Ivanov
- Institute of ChemistrySaint Petersburg State University Universitetskaya Nab. 7/9 199034 Saint Petersburg Russian Federation
| | - Alexander S. Novikov
- Institute of ChemistrySaint Petersburg State University Universitetskaya Nab. 7/9 199034 Saint Petersburg Russian Federation
| | - Anna A. Sinelshchikova
- Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and ElectrochemistryRussian Academy of Sciences Leninsky Pr. 31-4 119071 Moscow Russian Federation
| | - Marina V. Volostnykh
- Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and ElectrochemistryRussian Academy of Sciences Leninsky Pr. 31-4 119071 Moscow Russian Federation
| | - Mikhail A. Konovalov
- Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and ElectrochemistryRussian Academy of Sciences Leninsky Pr. 31-4 119071 Moscow Russian Federation
| | - Mikhail S. Grigoriev
- Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and ElectrochemistryRussian Academy of Sciences Leninsky Pr. 31-4 119071 Moscow Russian Federation
| | - Yulia G. Gorbunova
- Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and ElectrochemistryRussian Academy of Sciences Leninsky Pr. 31-4 119071 Moscow Russian Federation
| | - Vadim Yu. Kukushkin
- Institute of ChemistrySaint Petersburg State University Universitetskaya Nab. 7/9 199034 Saint Petersburg Russian Federation
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17
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Hahn R, Bohle F, Fang W, Walther A, Grimme S, Esser B. Raising the Bar in Aromatic Donor-Acceptor Interactions with Cyclic Trinuclear Gold(I) Complexes as Strong π-Donors. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:17932-17944. [PMID: 30477299 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b08823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Aromatic donor-acceptor interactions are of high importance in supramolecular chemistry, materials science and biology. Compared to other noncovalent interactions, such as hydrogen bonding, the binding is often weak. Here we show that strong donor-acceptor interactions between planar aromatics with binding free energies down to -10.1 kcal mol-1 and association constants of up to 2.34 × 107 L mol-1 for 1:1 complexes can be realized using cyclic trinuclear complexes of gold(I) with pyridinate, imidazolate, or carbeniate ligands. Data were obtained through NMR and UV/vis absorption spectroscopic studies and supported by quantum chemical calculations for a variety of acceptors. By using a specifically designed bridged naphthalene diimide-based acceptor with only one binding site, we furthermore show that a 1:2 (donor:acceptor) binding model is best suited to quantify the donor and acceptor/complex equilibrium. Scanning electron microscopy on selected donor-acceptor pairs shows crystalline supramolecular assemblies. We anticipate this study to be relevant for the future design of supramolecular systems and chemical sensors and the determination of binding energies between planar donors and acceptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raiko Hahn
- Institute for Organic Chemistry , University of Freiburg , Albertstraße 21 , 79104 Freiburg , Germany
| | - Fabian Bohle
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry , University of Bonn , Beringstraße 4 , 53115 Bonn , Germany
| | - Wenwen Fang
- Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry , University of Freiburg , Stefan-Meier-Straße 31 , 79104 Freiburg , Germany.,Freiburg Materials Research Center (FMF) , University of Freiburg , Stefan-Meier-Straße 21 , 79104 Freiburg , Germany.,Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies (FIT) , University of Freiburg , Georges-Köhler-Allee 105 , 79110 Freiburg , Germany
| | - Andreas Walther
- Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry , University of Freiburg , Stefan-Meier-Straße 31 , 79104 Freiburg , Germany.,Freiburg Materials Research Center (FMF) , University of Freiburg , Stefan-Meier-Straße 21 , 79104 Freiburg , Germany.,Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies (FIT) , University of Freiburg , Georges-Köhler-Allee 105 , 79110 Freiburg , Germany
| | - Stefan Grimme
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry , University of Bonn , Beringstraße 4 , 53115 Bonn , Germany
| | - Birgit Esser
- Institute for Organic Chemistry , University of Freiburg , Albertstraße 21 , 79104 Freiburg , Germany.,Freiburg Materials Research Center (FMF) , University of Freiburg , Stefan-Meier-Straße 21 , 79104 Freiburg , Germany
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18
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Hahn R, Bohle F, Kotte S, Keller TJ, Jester SS, Hansen A, Grimme S, Esser B. Donor-acceptor interactions between cyclic trinuclear pyridinate gold(i)-complexes and electron-poor guests: nature and energetics of guest-binding and templating on graphite. Chem Sci 2018; 9:3477-3483. [PMID: 29780477 PMCID: PMC5934696 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc05355j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aromatic stacking interactions of π-basic Au(i) complexes with π-acids were analyzed experimentally, theoretically and at the solid/liquid interface using STM.
Donor–acceptor-type interactions between π-electron systems are of high relevance in the design of chemical sensors. Due to their electron-rich nature, cyclic trinuclear complexes (CTCs) of gold(i) are ideal receptor sites for electron-deficient aromatic analytes. Scanning tunneling microscopy provided insight into the structures of two-dimensional crystals of pyridinate gold CTCs that form on a graphite template at the solid/liquid interface. One polymorph thereof – in turn – templated the on-top co-adsorption of π-acidic pyrazolate CTCs as electron-poor guests up to a certain threshold. From NMR titration experiments, we quantified free energies of –6.1 to –7.5 kcal mol–1 for the binding between pyridinate gold(i) CTCs and π-acidic pyrazolate CTCs. Quantum chemical calculations revealed that these interactions are largely dominated by London dispersion. These results give a more detailed insight into a rational design of sensitive CNT- or graphene-based sensors for π-acidic analytes, such as electron-deficient aromatics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raiko Hahn
- Institute for Organic Chemistry , University of Freiburg , Albertstraße 21 , 79104 Freiburg , Germany .
| | - Fabian Bohle
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry , University of Bonn , Beringstraße 4 , 53115 Bonn , Germany
| | - Stefan Kotte
- Kekulé Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Bonn , Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1 , 53121 Bonn , Germany
| | - Tristan J Keller
- Kekulé Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Bonn , Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1 , 53121 Bonn , Germany
| | - Stefan-S Jester
- Kekulé Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Bonn , Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1 , 53121 Bonn , Germany
| | - Andreas Hansen
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry , University of Bonn , Beringstraße 4 , 53115 Bonn , Germany
| | - Stefan Grimme
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry , University of Bonn , Beringstraße 4 , 53115 Bonn , Germany
| | - Birgit Esser
- Institute for Organic Chemistry , University of Freiburg , Albertstraße 21 , 79104 Freiburg , Germany .
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19
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Cupriphication of gold to sensitize d 10-d 10 metal-metal bonds and near-unity phosphorescence quantum yields. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:E5042-E5051. [PMID: 28615438 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1700890114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Outer-shell s0/p0 orbital mixing with d10 orbitals and symmetry reduction upon cupriphication of cyclic trinuclear trigonal-planar gold(I) complexes are found to sensitize ground-state Cu(I)-Au(I) covalent bonds and near-unity phosphorescence quantum yields. Heterobimetallic Au4Cu2 {[Au4(μ-C2,N3-EtIm)4Cu2(µ-3,5-(CF3)2Pz)2], (4a)}, Au2Cu {[Au2(μ-C2,N3-BzIm)2Cu(µ-3,5-(CF3)2Pz)], (1) and [Au2(μ-C2,N3-MeIm)2Cu(µ-3,5-(CF3)2Pz)], (3a)}, AuCu2 {[Au(μ-C2,N3-MeIm)Cu2(µ-3,5-(CF3)2Pz)2], (3b) and [Au(μ-C2,N3-EtIm)Cu2(µ-3,5-(CF3)2Pz)2], (4b)} and stacked Au3/Cu3 {[Au(μ-C2,N3-BzIm)]3[Cu(µ-3,5-(CF3)2Pz)]3, (2)} form upon reacting Au3 {[Au(μ-C2,N3-(N-R)Im)]3 ((N-R)Im = imidazolate; R = benzyl/methyl/ethyl = BzIm/MeIm/EtIm)} with Cu3 {[Cu(μ-3,5-(CF3)2Pz)]3 (3,5-(CF3)2Pz = 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)pyrazolate)}. The crystal structures of 1 and 3a reveal stair-step infinite chains whereby adjacent dimer-of-trimer units are noncovalently packed via two Au(I)⋯Cu(I) metallophilic interactions, whereas 4a exhibits a hexanuclear cluster structure wherein two monomer-of-trimer units are linked by a genuine d10-d10 polar-covalent bond with ligand-unassisted Cu(I)-Au(I) distances of 2.8750(8) Å each-the shortest such an intermolecular distance ever reported between any two d10 centers so as to deem it a "metal-metal bond" vis-à-vis "metallophilic interaction." Density-functional calculations estimate 35-43 kcal/mol binding energy, akin to typical M-M single-bond energies. Congruently, FTIR spectra of 4a show multiple far-IR bands within 65-200 cm-1, assignable to vCu-Au as validated by both the Harvey-Gray method of crystallographic-distance-to-force-constant correlation and dispersive density functional theory computations. Notably, the heterobimetallic complexes herein exhibit photophysical properties that are favorable to those for their homometallic congeners, due to threefold-to-twofold symmetry reduction, resulting in cuprophilic sensitization in extinction coefficient and solid-state photoluminescence quantum yields approaching unity (ΦPL = 0.90-0.97 vs. 0-0.83 for Au3 and Cu3 precursors), which bodes well for potential future utilization in inorganic and/or organic LED applications.
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20
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Romanov AS, Becker CR, James CE, Di D, Credgington D, Linnolahti M, Bochmann M. Copper and Gold Cyclic (Alkyl)(amino)carbene Complexes with Sub-Microsecond Photoemissions: Structure and Substituent Effects on Redox and Luminescent Properties. Chemistry 2017; 23:4625-4637. [PMID: 28164390 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201605891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Copper and gold halide and pseudo-halide complexes stabilised by methyl-, ethyl- and adamantyl-substituted cyclic (alkyl)(amino)carbene (CAAC) ligands are mostly linear monomers in the solid state, without aurophilic Au⋅⋅⋅Au interactions. (Et2 L)CuCl shows the highest photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) in the series, 70 %. The photoemissions of Me2 L and Et2 L copper halide complexes show S1 →S0 fluorescence on the ns time scale, in agreement with theory, as well as a long-lived emission. Monomeric (Me2 L)CuNCS is a white emitter, whereas dimeric [(Et2 L)Cu(μ-NCS)]2 shows intense yellow emission with a photoluminescence (PL) quantum yield of 49 %. The reaction of (Ad L)MCl (M=Cu or Au) with phenols ArOH (Ar=Ph, 2,6-F2 C6 H3 , 2,6-Me2 C6 H3 , 3,5-tBu2 C6 H3 , 2-tBu-5-MeC6 H3 , 2-pyridyl), thiophenol, or aromatic amines H2 NAr'' (Ar'=Ph, 3,5-(CF3 )2 C6 H3 , C6 F5 , 2-py) afforded the corresponding phenolato, thiophenolato and amido complexes. Although the emission wavelengths are only marginally affected by the ring substitution pattern, the PL intensities respond sensitively to the presence of substituents in the ortho or meta positions. In gold aryloxides, PL is controlled by steric factors, with strong luminescence in compounds with Au-O-C-C torsion angles <50°. Calculations confirm the dependence of oscillator strength on the torsion angle, as well as the inter-ligand charge transfer nature of the emission. The HOMO/LUMO energy levels were estimated based on first reduction and oxidation potentials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander S Romanov
- School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Earlham Road, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Ciaran R Becker
- School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Earlham Road, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Charlotte E James
- School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Earlham Road, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Dawei Di
- Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, Cambridge University, Cambridge, CB3 0HF, UK
| | - Dan Credgington
- Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, Cambridge University, Cambridge, CB3 0HF, UK
| | - Mikko Linnolahti
- Department of Chemistry, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu Campus, 80101, Joensuu, Finland
| | - Manfred Bochmann
- School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Earlham Road, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK
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21
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Melgarejo DY, Chiarella GM, Fackler JP. Cyclic Trinuclear Gold(I) Clusters with N,N and Unusual C,C Mixed-Ligand Bridges. Inorg Chem 2016; 55:11883-11889. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.6b01801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Doris Y. Melgarejo
- Department of Chemistry, P.O. Box 3012, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77842-3012, United States
| | - Gina M. Chiarella
- Department of Chemistry, P.O. Box 3012, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77842-3012, United States
| | - John P. Fackler
- Department of Chemistry, P.O. Box 3012, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77842-3012, United States
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22
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Baron M, Tubaro C, Basato M, Isse AA, Gennaro A, Cavallo L, Graiff C, Dolmella A, Falivene L, Caporaso L. Insights into the Halogen Oxidative Addition Reaction to Dinuclear Gold(I) Di(NHC) Complexes. Chemistry 2016; 22:10211-24. [PMID: 27297191 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201600654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Gold(I) dicarbene complexes [Au2 (MeIm-Y-ImMe)2 ](PF6 )2 (Y=CH2 (1), (CH2 )2 (2), (CH2 )4 (4), MeIm=1-methylimidazol-2-ylidene) react with iodine to give the mixed-valence complex [Au(MeIm-CH2 -ImMe)2 AuI2 ](PF6 )2 (1 a(I) ) and the gold(III) complexes [Au2 I4 (MeIm-Y-ImMe)2 ](PF6 )2 (2 c(I) and 4 c(I) ). Reaction of complexes 1 and 2 with an excess of ICl allows the isolation of the tetrachloro gold(III) complexes [Au2 Cl4 (MeIm-CH2 -ImMe)2 ](PF6 )2 (1 c(Cl) ) and [Au2 Cl4 (MeIm-(CH2 )2 -ImMe)2 ](Cl)2 (2 c(Cl) -Cl) (as main product); remarkably in the case of complex 2, the X-ray molecular structure of the crystals also shows the presence of I-Au-Cl mixed-sphere coordination. The same type of coordination has been observed in the main product of the reaction of complexes 3 or 4 with ICl. The study of the reactivity towards the oxidative addition of halogens to a large series of dinuclear bis(dicarbene) gold(I) complexes has been extended and reviewed. The complexes react with Cl2 , Br2 and I2 to give the successive formation of the mixed-valence gold(I)/gold(III) n a(X) and gold(III) n c(X) (excluding compound 1 c(I) ) complexes. However, complex 3 affords with Cl2 and Br2 the gold(II) complex 3 b(X) [Au2 X2 (MeIm-(CH2 )3 -ImMe)2 ](PF6 )2 (X=Cl, Br), which is the predominant species over compound 3 c(X) even in the presence of free halogen. The observed different relative stabilities of the oxidised complexes of compounds 1 and 3 have also been confirmed by DFT calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Baron
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Padova, via F. Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Cristina Tubaro
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Padova, via F. Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy.
| | - Marino Basato
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Padova, via F. Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Abdirisak Ahmed Isse
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Padova, via F. Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Armando Gennaro
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Padova, via F. Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Luigi Cavallo
- KAUST Catalyst Research Center, 4700 King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Claudia Graiff
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Parma, Viale delle Scienze 17A, 43100, Parma, Italy
| | - Alessandro Dolmella
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Padova, via F. Marzolo 5, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Laura Falivene
- KAUST Catalyst Research Center, 4700 King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Lucia Caporaso
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia, Università di Salerno, Via Papa Giovanni Paolo II, 84084, Fisciano, Italy
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23
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Ai P, Danopoulos AA, Braunstein P. Aurophilicity-Triggered Assembly of Novel Cyclic Penta- and Hexanuclear Gold(I) Complexes with Rigid Anionic NHC-Type Ligands. Inorg Chem 2015; 54:3722-4. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.5b00276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Ai
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination,
Institut de Chimie (UMR 7177 CNRS), and ‡Institute for Advanced Study (USIAS), Université de Strasbourg, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, 67081 Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - Andreas A. Danopoulos
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination,
Institut de Chimie (UMR 7177 CNRS), and ‡Institute for Advanced Study (USIAS), Université de Strasbourg, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, 67081 Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - Pierre Braunstein
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination,
Institut de Chimie (UMR 7177 CNRS), and ‡Institute for Advanced Study (USIAS), Université de Strasbourg, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, 67081 Strasbourg Cedex, France
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24
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Naziruddin AR, Galstyan A, Iordache A, Daniliuc CG, Strassert CA, De Cola L. Bidentate NHC^pyrozolate ligands in luminescent platinum(ii) complexes. Dalton Trans 2015; 44:8467-77. [DOI: 10.1039/c4dt03651d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The tuning of luminescence from blue to yellow was achieved with platinum complexes containing NHC^pyrozolate and functionalized-phenyl-pyridine or triazole-pyridine ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbas Raja Naziruddin
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster
- Physikalisches Institut-Center for Nanotechnology
- 48149 Münster
- Germany
| | - Anzhela Galstyan
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster
- Physikalisches Institut-Center for Nanotechnology
- 48149 Münster
- Germany
| | - Adriana Iordache
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster
- Physikalisches Institut-Center for Nanotechnology
- 48149 Münster
- Germany
| | - Constantin G. Daniliuc
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut
- 48149 Münster
- Germany
| | - Cristian A. Strassert
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster
- Physikalisches Institut-Center for Nanotechnology
- 48149 Münster
- Germany
| | - Luisa De Cola
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster
- Physikalisches Institut-Center for Nanotechnology
- 48149 Münster
- Germany
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25
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Woodall CH, Fuertes S, Beavers CM, Hatcher LE, Parlett A, Shepherd HJ, Christensen J, Teat SJ, Intissar M, Rodrigue-Witchel A, Suffren Y, Reber C, Hendon CH, Tiana D, Walsh A, Raithby PR. Tunable trimers: using temperature and pressure to control luminescent emission in gold(I) pyrazolate-based trimers. Chemistry 2014; 20:16933-42. [PMID: 25331304 PMCID: PMC4288234 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201404058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A systematic investigation into the relationship between the solid-state luminescence and the intermolecular Au⋅⋅⋅Au interactions in a series of pyrazolate-based gold(I) trimers; tris(μ2 -pyrazolato-N,N')-tri-gold(I) (1), tris(μ2 -3,4,5- trimethylpyrazolato-N,N')-tri-gold(I) (2), tris(μ2 -3-methyl-5-phenylpyrazolato-N,N')-tri-gold(I) (3) and tris(μ2 -3,5-diphenylpyrazolato-N,N')-tri-gold(I) (4) has been carried out using variable temperature and high pressure X-ray crystallography, solid-state emission spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy and computational techniques. Single-crystal X-ray studies show that there is a significant reduction in the intertrimer Au⋅⋅⋅Au distances both with decreasing temperature and increasing pressure. In the four complexes, the reduction in temperature from 293 to 100 K is accompanied by a reduction in the shortest intermolecular Au⋅⋅⋅Au contacts of between 0.04 and 0.08 Å. The solid-state luminescent emission spectra of 1 and 2 display a red shift with decreasing temperature or increasing pressure. Compound 3 does not emit under ambient conditions but displays increasingly red-shifted luminescence upon cooling or compression. Compound 4 remains emissionless, consistent with the absence of intermolecular Au⋅⋅⋅Au interactions. The largest pressure induced shift in emission is observed in 2 with a red shift of approximately 630 cm(-1) per GPa between ambient and 3.80 GPa. The shifts in all the complexes can be correlated with changes in Au⋅⋅⋅Au distance observed by diffraction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sara Fuertes
- Department of Chemistry, University of BathBath BA2 7AY (UK)
| | - Christine M Beavers
- Station 11.3.1 Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeley, CA 94720 (USA)
| | | | - Andrew Parlett
- Department of Chemistry, University of BathBath BA2 7AY (UK)
| | | | | | - Simon J Teat
- Station 11.3.1 Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeley, CA 94720 (USA)
| | - Mourad Intissar
- Departement de Chimie, Université de MontréalMontréal, QC, H3C 3J7 (Canada)
| | | | - Yan Suffren
- Departement de Chimie, Université de MontréalMontréal, QC, H3C 3J7 (Canada)
| | - Christian Reber
- Departement de Chimie, Université de MontréalMontréal, QC, H3C 3J7 (Canada)
| | | | - Davide Tiana
- Department of Chemistry, University of BathBath BA2 7AY (UK)
| | - Aron Walsh
- Department of Chemistry, University of BathBath BA2 7AY (UK)
| | - Paul R Raithby
- Department of Chemistry, University of BathBath BA2 7AY (UK)
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Visbal R, Gimeno MC. N-heterocyclic carbene metal complexes: photoluminescence and applications. Chem Soc Rev 2014; 43:3551-74. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cs60466g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 520] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
This review covers the advances made in the synthesis and applications of luminescent transition metal complexes containing N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renso Visbal
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica
- Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH)
- CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza
- 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - M. Concepción Gimeno
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica
- Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH)
- CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza
- 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
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Galassi R, Ricci S, Burini A, Macchioni A, Rocchigiani L, Marmottini F, Tekarli SM, Nesterov VN, Omary MA. Solventless supramolecular chemistry via vapor diffusion of volatile small molecules upon a new trinuclear silver(I)-nitrated pyrazolate macrometallocyclic solid: an experimental/theoretical investigation of the dipole/quadrupole chemisorption phenomena. Inorg Chem 2013; 52:14124-37. [PMID: 24256298 DOI: 10.1021/ic401948p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
A comparative study on the tendency of a new trinuclear silver(I) pyrazolate, namely, [N,N-(3,5-dinitropyrazolate)Ag]3 (1), and a similar compound known previously, [N,N-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)pyrazolate]Ag]3 (2), to adsorb small volatile molecules was performed. It was found that 1 has a remarkable tendency to form adducts, at room temperature and atmospheric pressure, with acetone, acetylacetone, ammonia, pyridine, acetonitrile, triethylamine, dimethyl sulfide, and tetrahydrothiophene, while carbon monoxide, tetrahydrofuran, alcohols, and diethyl ether were not adsorbed. On the contrary, 2 did not undergo adsorption of any of the aforementioned volatile molecules. Adducts of 1 were characterized by elemental analysis, IR, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area, and diffusion NMR measurements. The crystal structures of 1·2CH3CN and compound 3, derived from an attempt to crystallize the adduct of 1 with ammonia, were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffractometric studies. The former shows a sandwich structure with a 1:2 stoichiometric [Ag3]/[CH3CN] ratio in which one acetonitrile molecule points above and the other below the centroid of the Ag3N6 metallocycle. Compound 3 formed via rearrangement of the ammonia adduct to yield an anionic trinuclear silver(I) derivative with an additional bridging 3,5-dinitropyrazolate and having [Ag(NH3)2](+) as the counterion, [Ag(NH3)2][N,N-(3,5-dinitropyrazolate)4Ag3]. Irreversible sorption and/or decomposition upon vapor exposure are desirable advantages toward toxic gas filtration applications, including ammonia inhalation. TGA confirms the analytical data for all of the samples, showing weight loss for each adsorbed molecule at temperatures significantly higher than the corresponding boiling temperature, which suggests a chemical-bonding nature for adsorption as opposed to physisorption. BET surface measurements of the "naked" compound 1 excluded physical adsorption in its porous cavities. Density functional theory simulation results are also consistent with the chemisorption model, explain the experimental adsorption selectivity for 1, and attribute the lack of similar adsorption by 2 to significantly less polarizable electrostatic potential and also to strong argentophilic bonding whose energy is even higher than the quadrupole-dipole adduct bond energy upon proper selection of the density functional.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossana Galassi
- School of Science and Technology, University of Camerino , Via Sant'Agostino 1, Camerino I-62032, Italy
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28
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Tubaro C, Baron M, Costante M, Basato M, Biffis A, Gennaro A, Isse AA, Graiff C, Accorsi G. Dinuclear gold(I) complexes with propylene bridged N-heterocyclic dicarbene ligands: synthesis, structures, and trends in reactivities and properties. Dalton Trans 2013; 42:10952-63. [PMID: 23788178 DOI: 10.1039/c3dt51260f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Four novel dinuclear N-heterocyclic dicarbene gold(I) complexes with a propylene linker between the carbene moieties have been synthesized and their luminescence and electrochemical properties, together with their reactivity towards bromine oxidative addition, have been screened. All the complexes emit in the solid state in the blue-green spectral range (400-500 nm) with appreciable intensities (Φ(em) up to ≈10%). In cyclic voltammetry, the Au(I)/Au(0) peak splits at low temperature into two separate peaks relative to the couples Au(I)-Au(I)/Au(I)-Au(0) and Au(I)-Au(0)/Au(0)-Au(0), thus indicating the presence of an Au···Au interaction in the dinuclear complex. Oxidative addition of bromine affords as a major or unique product Au(II)-Au(II) complexes most likely as a consequence of the interaction between the two gold centres favoured by the propylene linker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Tubaro
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy.
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29
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Biffis A, Cipani M, Tubaro C, Basato M, Costante M, Bressan E, Venzo A, Graiff C. Dinuclear complexes of silver(i) and gold(i) with macrocyclic dicarbene ligands bearing a 2,6-lutidinyl bridge: synthesis, structural analysis and dynamic behaviour in solution. NEW J CHEM 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3nj01000g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Harford PJ, Wheatley AEH. Alkali/coinage metals – organolithium, organocuprate chemistry. ORGANOMETALLIC CHEMISTRY 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/9781849734868-00091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Part 1 of this chapter reviews coordination compounds of the alkali metals that contain a carbon-metal bond, looking firstly at organolithiums involving simple silanes. The use of aryl, alkynyl and N-donor ligands is also discussed. Compounds of the coinage metals - copper, silver and gold - are discussed in Part 2 of the review. Discussion is broken down by metal, with copper being considered first. Compounds containing, among others, alkene, amido and phosphido ligands are discussed, along with the significant amount of work on carbene complexes. This interest in carbene complexes is also noted within the silver and gold sections that follow, with a large number of new compounds being described. Polymeric chains and networks containing silver centres have attracted considerable interest and are described, along with the luminescent properties of a selection of novel gold species. This part of the review is completed by coverage of mixed-coinage metal structures, where the systems are found to display luminescent properties. Here again, the compounds discussed contain at least one carbon-metal bond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip J. Harford
- Department of Chemistry University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW U.K
| | - Andrew E. H. Wheatley
- Department of Chemistry University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW U.K
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31
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Rawashdeh-Omary MA. Remarkable Alteration of Photophysical Properties of Cyclic Trinuclear Complexes of Monovalent Coinage Metals upon Interactions with Small Organic Molecules. COMMENT INORG CHEM 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/02603594.2012.747958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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32
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Galassi R, Burini A, Ricci S, Pellei M, Rigobello MP, Citta A, Dolmella A, Gandin V, Marzano C. Synthesis and characterization of azolate gold(I) phosphane complexes as thioredoxin reductase inhibiting antitumor agents. Dalton Trans 2012; 41:5307-18. [PMID: 22391922 DOI: 10.1039/c2dt11781a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Following an increasing interest in the gold drug therapy field, nine new neutral azolate gold(I) phosphane compounds have been synthesized and tested as anticancer agents. The azolate ligands used in this study are pyrazolates and imidazolates substituted with deactivating groups such as trifluoromethyl, nitro or chloride moieties, whereas the phosphane co-ligand is the triphenylphosphane or the more hydrophilic TPA (TPA = 1,3,5-triazaphosphaadamantane). The studied gold(I) complexes are: (3,5-bis-trifluoromethyl-1H-pyrazolate-1-yl)-triphenylphosphane-gold(I) (1), (3,5-dinitro-1H-pyrazolate-1-yl)-triphenylphosphane-gold(I) (2), (4-nitro-1H-pyrazolate-1-yl)-triphenylphosphane-gold(I) (5), (4,5-dichloro-1H-imidazolate-1-yl)-triphenylphosphane-gold(I) (7), with the related TPA complexes (3), (4), (6) and (8) and (1-benzyl-4,5-di-chloro-2H-imidazolate-2-yl)-triphenylphosphane-gold(I) (9). The presence of deactivating groups on the azole rings improves the solubility of these complexes in polar media. Compounds 1-8 contain the N-Au-P environment, whilst compound 9 is the only one to contain a C-Au-P environment. Crystal structures for compounds 1 and 2 have been obtained and discussed. Interestingly, the newly synthesized gold(I) compounds were found to possess a pronounced cytotoxic activity on several human cancer cells, some of which were endowed with cis-platin or multidrug resistance. In particular, among azolate gold(I) complexes, 1 and 2 proved to be the most promising derivatives eliciting an antiproliferative effect up to 70 times higher than cis-platin. Mechanistic experiments indicated that the inhibition of thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) might be involved in the pharmacodynamic behavior of these gold species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossana Galassi
- School of Science and Technology, Chemistry Division, University of Camerino, via S. Agostino, 1, 62032 Camerino, Italy.
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Baron M, Tubaro C, Biffis A, Basato M, Graiff C, Poater A, Cavallo L, Armaroli N, Accorsi G. Blue-Emitting Dinuclear N-heterocyclic Dicarbene Gold(I) Complex Featuring a Nearly Unit Quantum Yield. Inorg Chem 2012; 51:1778-84. [PMID: 22268766 DOI: 10.1021/ic2020786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Baron
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova,
Italy
| | - Cristina Tubaro
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova,
Italy
| | - Andrea Biffis
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova,
Italy
| | - Marino Basato
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova,
Italy
| | - Claudia Graiff
- Dipartimento di Chimica
Generale
e Inorganica, Chimica Analitica, Chimica Fisica, Università di Parma, Viale delle Scienze 17/A, 43100 Parma, Italy
| | - Albert Poater
- Catalan Institute for Water Research
(ICRA), H2O Building, Scientific and Technological Park, University of Girona, Emili Grahit 101, Girona E-17003,
Spain
| | - Luigi Cavallo
- KAUST Catalyst
Research Center 4700, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi
Arabia
| | - Nicola Armaroli
- Molecular Photoscience
Group,
Istituto per la Sintesi Organica e la Fotoreattività, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR-ISOF), Via
Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - Gianluca Accorsi
- Molecular Photoscience
Group,
Istituto per la Sintesi Organica e la Fotoreattività, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR-ISOF), Via
Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
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Schmidbaur H, Schier A. Aurophilic interactions as a subject of current research: an up-date. Chem Soc Rev 2012; 41:370-412. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cs15182g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 862] [Impact Index Per Article: 71.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Elbjeirami O, Rawashdeh-Omary MA, Omary MA. Phosphorescence sensitization via heavy-atom effects in d10 complexes. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-011-0342-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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