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Kaczmarek R, Radzikowska-Cieciura E, Królewska-Golińska K, Dolot R, Wheeler KA, Chavez FA, Dembinski R. Synthesis and Determination of Anticancer Activity of Dicobalt Hexacarbonyl 2'-Deoxy-5-alkynylfuropyrimidines. ACS Med Chem Lett 2023; 14:962-969. [PMID: 37465308 PMCID: PMC10351056 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.3c00152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Dicobalt hexacarbonyl 5-alkynyl furopyrimidine nucleoside analogs, with 4-methylphenyl (p-tolyl) and 4-pentylphenyl substituents attached at the C-6 base position, designed in the form of ribose acetyl esters, were synthesized (42-96%). Attached at the C-5 position were propargyl alcohol, its methyl ether and acetate derivatives, butynol, and the 4-methylphenyl- (p-tolyl) and 4-pentylphenyl-substituted alkynyl groups, which were coordinated to a dicobalt hexacarbonyl unit. The structure of 5-(3-acetoxyprop-1-yn-1-yl)-6-p-tolyl-2'-deoxyribofuranosyl-furo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-one was determined by X-ray crystallography. Density functional theory calculations performed on the corresponding derivative yielded geometric parameters for the dicobalt hexacarbonyl adduct of this ligand. The cytotoxic activity of each of dicobalt modified nucleosides on cancer cells of different phenotypes was determined in vitro. The investigated compounds showed antiproliferative effects with median inhibitory concentration (IC50) values in the ranges of 14-90 and 9-50 μM for HeLa and K562 cells, respectively. The formation of reactive oxygen species in the presence of modified nucleosides was determined in K562 cells. The results indicate that the mechanism of action for the studied compounds may be related to the induction of oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Kaczmarek
- Centre
of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Łódź, Poland
| | - Ewa Radzikowska-Cieciura
- Centre
of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Łódź, Poland
| | - Karolina Królewska-Golińska
- Centre
of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Łódź, Poland
| | - Rafał Dolot
- Centre
of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Łódź, Poland
| | - Kraig A. Wheeler
- Department
of Chemistry, Whitworth University, 300 W. Hawthorne Rd., Spokane, Washington 99251, United States
| | - Ferman A. Chavez
- Department
of Chemistry, Oakland University, 146 Library Dr., Rochester, Michigan 48309-4479, United States
| | - Roman Dembinski
- Centre
of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Łódź, Poland
- Department
of Chemistry, Oakland University, 146 Library Dr., Rochester, Michigan 48309-4479, United States
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Gómez J, Sierra D, Ojeda C, Thavalingam S, Miller R, Guzmán F, Metzler-Nolte N. Solid-phase synthesis and evaluation of linear and cyclic ferrocenoyl/ruthenocenoyl water-soluble hexapeptides as potential antibacterial compounds. J Biol Inorg Chem 2021; 26:599-615. [PMID: 34292404 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-021-01877-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
A series of novel water-soluble short peptide-bioconjugates containing a ferrocenoyl (Fc) or ruthenocenoyl (Rc) unit was synthesized and characterized to combine the unique activity of ferrocene and the isoelectronic ruthenocene with precisely designed peptide structures. We aim at evaluating these bioconjugates as a new class of OrganoMetallic Short AntiMicrobial Peptides (OM-SAMPs). The series of OM-SAMPs was designed with a set of linear and "head-to-tail" cyclic metallocene-based hexapeptides derived from the homo-sequence H-KKKKKK-NH2 by substitution of lysine (K) by tryptophan (W) and by orthogonal derivatization of the ε-N-amine group of lysine by a metallocene moiety. Peptide conjugates were characterized by RP-HPLC, mass spectrometry (ESI and MALDI-TOF) and circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy. Gram-positive and Gram-negative antibacterial activity testings were carried out to explore the role of insertion of the metallocene fragment into the peptide, and the effect of the modification of the cationic charge and aromatic residues on the physiochemical properties of these OM-SAMPs. These results show that the insertion of two tryptophan residues and ferrocenoyl/ruthenocenoyl moieties into a linear homo-sequence peptides increase significantly their antibacterial activity with minimum inhibitory concentration values as low as 5 μM for the most active compounds. However, "head-to-tail" cyclic metallocene-based hexapeptides were not active against Gram-negative bacteria up to concentrations of 50 μM. These studies provide a better understanding of the role of structural modifications to enhance antibacterial peptide activity, which is promising for their therapeutic application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johana Gómez
- Núcleo de Biotecnología Curauma, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Av. Universidad 330, Valparaiso, Chile.
| | - Diego Sierra
- Instituto de Química Y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Av. Gran Bretaña 1111, Valparaiso, Chile.
| | - Claudia Ojeda
- Instituto de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Avenida Brasil 2950, Valparaiso, Chile
| | - Sugina Thavalingam
- Inorganic Chemistry I-Bioinorganic Chemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitӓtsstrasse 150, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Reece Miller
- Inorganic Chemistry I-Bioinorganic Chemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitӓtsstrasse 150, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Fanny Guzmán
- Núcleo de Biotecnología Curauma, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Av. Universidad 330, Valparaiso, Chile
| | - Nils Metzler-Nolte
- Inorganic Chemistry I-Bioinorganic Chemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitӓtsstrasse 150, 44780, Bochum, Germany
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Meier-Menches SM, Casini A. Design Strategies and Medicinal Applications of Metal-Peptidic Bioconjugates. Bioconjug Chem 2020; 31:1279-1288. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.0c00152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel M. Meier-Menches
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Strasse 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Angela Casini
- Chair of Medicinal and Bioinorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
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Costa NCS, Piccoli JP, Santos-Filho NA, Clementino LC, Fusco-Almeida AM, De Annunzio SR, Fontana CR, Verga JBM, Eto SF, Pizauro-Junior JM, Graminha MAS, Cilli EM. Antimicrobial activity of RP-1 peptide conjugate with ferrocene group. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0228740. [PMID: 32214347 PMCID: PMC7098557 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0228740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Parasitic diseases are a neglected and serious problem, especially in underdeveloped countries. Among the major parasitic diseases, Leishmaniasis figures as an urgent challenge due to its high incidence and severity. At the same time, the indiscriminate use of antibiotics by the population is increasing together with resistance to medicines. To address this problem, new antibiotic-like molecules that directly kill or inhibit the growth of microorganisms are necessary, where antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) can be of great help. In this work, the ferrocene molecule, one active compound with low levels of in vivo toxicity, was coupled to the N-terminus of the RP1 peptide (derived from the human chemokine CXCL4), aiming to evaluate how this change modifies the structure, biological activity, and toxicity of the peptide. The peptide and the conjugate were synthesized using the solid phase peptide synthesis (SPPS). Circular dichroism assays in PBS showed that the RP1 peptide and its conjugate had a typical spectrum for disordered structures. The Fc-RP1 presented anti-amastigote activity against Leishmania amazonensis (IC50 = 0.25 μmol L–1). In comparison with amphotericin B, a second-line drug approved for leishmaniasis treatment, (IC50 = 0.63 μmol L-1), Fc-RP1 was more active and showed a 2.5-fold higher selectivity index. The RP1 peptide presented a MIC of 4.3 μmol L-1 against S. agalactiae, whilst Fc-RP1 was four times more active (MIC = 0.96 μmol L-1), indicating that ferrocene improved the antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacteria. The Fc-RP1 peptide also decreased the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) in the assays against E. faecalis (MIC = 7.9 μmol L-1), E. coli (MIC = 3.9 μmol L-1) and S. aureus (MIC = 3.9 μmol L-1). The cytotoxicity of the compounds was tested against HaCaT cells, and no significant activity at the highest concentration tested (500 μg. mL-1) was observed, showing the high potential of this new compound as a possible new drug. The coupling of ferrocene also increased the vesicle permeabilization of the peptide, showing a direct relation between high peptide concentration and high carboxyfluorescein release, which indicates the action mechanism by pore formation on the vesicles. Several studies have shown that ferrocene destabilizes cell membranes through lipid peroxidation, leading to cell lysis. It is noteworthy that the Fc-RP1 peptide synthesized here is a prototype of a bioconjugation strategy, but it still is a compound with great biological activity against neglected and fish diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia C. S. Costa
- Department of Biochemistry and Technological Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Julia P. Piccoli
- Department of Biochemistry and Technological Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Norival A. Santos-Filho
- Department of Biochemistry and Technological Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Leandro C. Clementino
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Ana M. Fusco-Almeida
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Sarah R. De Annunzio
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Carla R. Fontana
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Juliane B. M. Verga
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Silas F. Eto
- Faculty of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - João M. Pizauro-Junior
- Faculty of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Marcia A. S. Graminha
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
- * E-mail: (EMC); (MASG)
| | - Eduardo M. Cilli
- Department of Biochemistry and Technological Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
- * E-mail: (EMC); (MASG)
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Śmiłowicz D, Metzler-Nolte N. Bioconjugates of Co(III) complexes with Schiff base ligands and cell penetrating peptides: Solid phase synthesis, characterization and antiproliferative activity. J Inorg Biochem 2020; 206:111041. [PMID: 32120161 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2020.111041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
In this work we synthesized a chelating Schiff base by a single condensation of salicylaldehyde with 3,4-diamino benzoic acid (1). This ligand was used further for complexation to CoCl2·6H2O under nitrogen. In the next step, three six-coordinate Co(III) complexes were synthesized by coordinating this complex with imidazole (2), 2-methyimidazole (3) and N-Boc-l-histidine methyl ester (4) (Boc: tert.-butoxycarbonyl) in axial positions with simultaneous oxidation of Co(II) to Co(III) under ambient environment. All Co(III) complexes were characterized by multinuclear NMR spectroscopy (1H, 13C and 59Co NMR), FT-IR, mass spectrometry and HPLC. The Co(III) complexes were conjugated to three different cell penetrating peptides: FFFF (P1), RRRRRRRRRGAL (P2) and FFFFRRRRRRRRRGAL (P3). Standard solid-phase peptide chemistry was used for the synthesis of cell penetrating peptides. Coupling of N-terminal peptides with the cobalt complexes, possessing a carboxylic group on the tetradentate Schiff base ligand, afforded Co(III)-peptide bioconjugates, which were purified by semi-preparative HPLC and characterized by analytical HPLC and mass spectrometry. The antiproliferative activity of the synthesized compounds was studied against different human tumour cell lines: lung cancer A549, liver cancer HepG2 and normal human fibroblasts GM5657T, in comparison with the activity of cisplatin as a reference drug. The bioconjugate 21 containing the Co complex 4 and the combined phenylalanine and polyarginine cell penetrating sequence P3 shows better activity against the liver cancer line HepG2 than the parent Co(III) complex 4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dariusz Śmiłowicz
- Inorganic Chemistry I - Bioinorganic Chemistry, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Nils Metzler-Nolte
- Inorganic Chemistry I - Bioinorganic Chemistry, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany.
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Battistin F, Siegmund D, Balducci G, Alessio E, Metzler-Nolte N. Ru(ii)-Peptide bioconjugates with the cppH linker (cppH = 2-(2'-pyridyl)pyrimidine-4-carboxylic acid): synthesis, structural characterization, and different stereochemical features between organic and aqueous solvents. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:400-414. [PMID: 30285015 DOI: 10.1039/c8dt03575j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Three new Ru(ii) bioconjugates with the C-terminal hexapeptide sequence of neurotensin, RRPYIL, namely trans,cis-RuCl2(CO)2(cppH-RRPYIL-κNp) (7), [Ru([9]aneS3)(cppH-RRPYIL-κNp)(PTA)](Cl)2 (8), and [Ru([9]aneS3)Cl(cppH-RRPYIL-κNp)]Cl (11), where cppH is the asymmetric linker 2-(2'-pyridyl)pyrimidine-4-carboxylic acid, were prepared in pure form and structurally characterized in solution. The cppH linker is capable of forming stereoisomers (i.e. linkage isomers), depending on whether the nitrogen atom ortho (No) or para (Np) to the carboxylate on C4 in the pyrimidine ring binds the metal ion. Thus, one of the aims of this work was to obtain pairs of stereoisomeric conjugates and investigate their biological (anticancer, antibacterial) activity. A thorough NMR characterization clearly indicated that in all cases exclusively Np conjugates were obtained in pure form. In addition, the NMR studies showed that, whereas in DMSO-d6 each conjugate exists as a single species, in D2O two (7) or even three if not four (8 and 11) very similar stable species form (each one corresponding to an individual compound). Similar results were observed for the cppH-RRPYIL ligand alone. Overall, the NMR findings are consistent with the occurrence of a strong intramolecular stacking interaction between the phenol ring of tyrosine and the pyridyl ring of cppH. Such stacking interactions between aromatic rings are expected to be stronger in water. This interaction leads to two stereoisomeric species in the free cppH-RRPYIL ligand and in the bioconjugate 7, and is somehow modulated by the less symmetrical Ru coordination environments in 8 and 11, affording three to four very similar species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Battistin
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy.
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Fernández-Moreira V, Herrera RP, Gimeno MC. Anticancer properties of gold complexes with biologically relevant ligands. PURE APPL CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1515/pac-2018-0901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
The present review highlights our findings in the field of antitumor gold complexes bearing biologically relevant molecules, such as DNA-bases, amino acids or peptide derivatives. The results show that very active complexes are achieved with this sort of ligands in several cancer cells. In these compounds the gold center is bonded to these biological molecules mainly through a sulfur atom belonging to a cysteine moiety or to a thionicotinic moiety as result of the functionalization of the biological compounds, and additionally phosphines or N-heterocyclic carbenes are present as ancillary ligands. These robust compounds are stable in the biological media and can be transported to their targets without previous deactivation. The presence of these scaffolds represents a good approach to obtain complexes with improved biologically activity, better transport and biodistribution to cancer cells. Thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) has been shown as the main target for these complexes and in some cases, DNA interactions has been also observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanesa Fernández-Moreira
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH) , CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza , C/Pedro Cerbuna, No. 12 , E-50009 Zaragoza , Spain
| | - Raquel P. Herrera
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Laboratorio de Organocatálisis Asimétrica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH) , CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza , C/Pedro Cerbuna, No. 12 , E-50009 Zaragoza , Spain
| | - M. Concepción Gimeno
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH) , CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza , C/Pedro Cerbuna, No. 12 , E-50009 Zaragoza , Spain
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Kaczmarek R, Korczyński D, Królewska‐Golińska K, Wheeler KA, Chavez FA, Mikus A, Dembinski R. Organometallic Nucleosides: Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Substituted Dicobalt Hexacarbonyl 2'-Deoxy-5-oxopropynyluridines. ChemistryOpen 2018; 7:237-247. [PMID: 29531887 PMCID: PMC5838391 DOI: 10.1002/open.201700168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactions of dicobalt octacarbonyl [Co2(CO)8] with 2'-deoxy-5-oxopropynyluridines and related compounds gave dicobalt hexacarbonyl nucleoside complexes (83-31 %). The synthetic outcomes were confirmed by X-ray structure determination of dicobalt hexacarbonyl 2'-deoxy-5-(4-hydroxybut-1-yn-1-yl)uridine, which exhibits intermolecular hydrogen bonding between a modified base and ribose. The electronic structure of this compound was characterized by the DFT calculations. The growth inhibition of HeLa and K562 cancer cell lines by organometallic nucleosides was examined and compared to that by alkynyl nucleoside precursors. Coordination of the dicobalt carbonyl moiety to the 2'-deoxy-5-alkynyluridines led to a significant increase in the cytotoxic potency. The cobalt compounds displayed antiproliferative activities with median inhibitory values (IC50) in the range of 20 to 80 μm for the HeLa cell line and 18 to 30 μm for the K562 cell line. Coordination of an acetyl-substituted cobalt nucleoside was expanded by using the 1,1-bis(diphenylphosphino)methane (dppm) ligand, which exhibited cytotoxicity at comparable levels. The formation of reactive oxygen species in the presence of cobalt compounds was determined in K562 cells. The results indicate that the mechanism of action for most antiproliferative cobalt compounds may be related to the induction of oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Kaczmarek
- Department of Bioorganic ChemistryCentre of Molecular and Macromolecular StudiesPolish Academy of SciencesSienkiewicza 11290–363ŁódźPoland
| | - Dariusz Korczyński
- Department of Bioorganic ChemistryCentre of Molecular and Macromolecular StudiesPolish Academy of SciencesSienkiewicza 11290–363ŁódźPoland
| | - Karolina Królewska‐Golińska
- Department of Bioorganic ChemistryCentre of Molecular and Macromolecular StudiesPolish Academy of SciencesSienkiewicza 11290–363ŁódźPoland
| | - Kraig A. Wheeler
- Department of ChemistryWhitworth University300 W. Hawthorne Rd.SpokaneWA99251USA
| | - Ferman A. Chavez
- Department of ChemistryOakland University146 Library DriveRochesterMI48309-4479USA
| | - Agnieszka Mikus
- Department of ChemistryOakland University146 Library DriveRochesterMI48309-4479USA
| | - Roman Dembinski
- Department of Bioorganic ChemistryCentre of Molecular and Macromolecular StudiesPolish Academy of SciencesSienkiewicza 11290–363ŁódźPoland
- Department of ChemistryOakland University146 Library DriveRochesterMI48309-4479USA
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Albada B, Metzler-Nolte N. Organometallic–Peptide Bioconjugates: Synthetic Strategies and Medicinal Applications. Chem Rev 2016; 116:11797-11839. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bauke Albada
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Nils Metzler-Nolte
- Inorganic
Chemistry I − Bioinorganic Chemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44780-D Bochum, Germany
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Gross A, Alborzinia H, Piantavigna S, Martin LL, Wölfl S, Metzler-Nolte N. Vesicular disruption of lysosomal targeting organometallic polyarginine bioconjugates. Metallomics 2015; 7:371-84. [PMID: 25608481 DOI: 10.1039/c4mt00255e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Compounds which are able to destabilize the lysosomal membrane have been proposed as interesting candidates for targeted anticancer drugs due to the pronounced lysosomal changes in cancer cells. For this purpose, metallocene derivatives of a cell penetrating polyarginine peptide M–(Arg)9(Phe)2Lys–NH2 (where M = ferrocene carboxylate or ruthenocene carboxylate) were designed and their biological activities were investigated in detail. The ferrocenoyl- and ruthenocenoyl polyarginine bioconjugates were synthesized via Fmoc solid-phase peptide synthesis (SPPS) protocols on a microwave-assisted synthesizer. After HPLC purification >98% purity was observed for all conjugates. Their interaction with supported biomimetic membranes was investigated on a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) and revealed a very strong binding of the metallocene peptides and their metal-free congeners to an artificial eukaryotic membrane model (DMPC–cholesterol). To demonstrate their antiproliferative utility as cytotoxic compounds for a targeted anticancer drug, cell viability (by the crystal violet assay), apoptosis (flow cytometry, Ann V/PI staining), induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS, by flow cytometry with dihydroethidium staining), and changes in cancer cell metabolism, e.g. respiration and glycolysis, were studied. Our results reveal only a weak toxicity for the metal-free polyarginine peptide, which could be significantly enhanced (to ca. 50 μM against HeLa cells in the best case) by coupling ferrocene or ruthenocene carboxylates to the N-terminus of the peptide. The investigation of the cellular uptake and intracellular localization by fluorescence microscopy revealed an enhanced vesicular disruption by the metallocene bioconjugate compared to the metal-free derivative which could be triggered by light and chemicals. Further studies of apoptosis, respiration, glycolysis and ROS formation reveal the superior characteristics of the metallocene compounds. While most cells remain viable even at 300 μM of the metal free bioconjugate 1, most cells are dead or in late stages of apoptosis at 200 μM of the ruthenocene derivative 3, and at 100 μM of the most active ferrocene derivative 2, however, all show very little sign of necrosis. Also, the metal free compound 1 does not induce ROS formation but both metallocene–polyarginine bioconjugates are clearly associated with enhanced intracellular ROS levels, with levels for the redox-active ferrocene derivative being two times higher than for the structurally very similar but redox-silent ruthenocene derivative. We propose that such metallocene–polyarginine peptides induce lysosomal membrane permeabilization and thereby could be developed towards targeted anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika Gross
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, D-44801 Bochum, Germany.
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O'Connor A, Marsat JN, Mitrugno A, Flahive T, Moran N, Brayden D, Devocelle M. Poly(Ethylene glycol)-based backbones with high peptide loading capacities. Molecules 2014; 19:17559-77. [PMID: 25361422 PMCID: PMC6270934 DOI: 10.3390/molecules191117559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2014] [Revised: 10/09/2014] [Accepted: 10/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymer-peptide conjugates are a promising class of compounds, where polymers can be used to overcome some of the limitations associated with peptides intended for therapeutic and/or diagnostic applications. Linear polymers such as poly(ethylene glycol) can be conjugated through terminal moieties and have therefore limited loading capacities. In this research, functionalised linear poly(ethylene glycol)s are utilised for peptide conjugation, to increase their potential loading capacities. These poly(ethylene glycol) derivatives are conjugated to peptide sequences containing representative side-chain functionalised amino acids, using different conjugation chemistries, including copper-catalysed azide-alkyne cycloaddition, amide coupling and thiol-ene reactions. Conjugation of a sequence containing the RGD motif to poly(allyl glycidyl ether) by the thiol-ene reaction, provided a conjugate which could be used in platelet adhesion studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aoife O'Connor
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Centre for Synthesis and Chemical Biology, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | - Jean-Noel Marsat
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Centre for Synthesis and Chemical Biology, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | - Annachiara Mitrugno
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | - Tom Flahive
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Centre for Synthesis and Chemical Biology, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | - Niamh Moran
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | - David Brayden
- UCD School of Veterinary Medicine and UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
| | - Marc Devocelle
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Centre for Synthesis and Chemical Biology, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland.
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Gutiérrez A, Gimeno MC, Marzo I, Metzler-Nolte N. Synthesis, Characterization, and Cytotoxic Activity of AuIN,S-Heterocyclic Carbenes Derived from Peptides ContainingL-Thiazolylalanine. Eur J Inorg Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201402103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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14
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Hess J, Konatschnig S, Morard S, Pierroz V, Ferrari S, Spingler B, Gasser G. Novel, Mercury-Free Synthetic Pathway for Trifluoromethylthio-Substituted Metallocenes. Inorg Chem 2014; 53:3662-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ic403169z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeannine Hess
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Institute of Molecular
Cancer Research, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sandro Konatschnig
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Institute of Molecular
Cancer Research, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sandra Morard
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Institute of Molecular
Cancer Research, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Vanessa Pierroz
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Institute of Molecular
Cancer Research, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Stefano Ferrari
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Institute of Molecular
Cancer Research, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Bernhard Spingler
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Institute of Molecular
Cancer Research, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gilles Gasser
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Institute of Molecular
Cancer Research, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
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15
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Gross A, Habig D, Metzler-Nolte N. Synthesis and Structure-Activity Relationship Study of Organometallic Bioconjugates of the Cyclic Octapeptide Octreotate. Chembiochem 2013; 14:2472-9. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201300450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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16
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Monney A, Albrecht M. Transition metal bioconjugates with an organometallic link between the metal and the biomolecular scaffold. Coord Chem Rev 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2012.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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17
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Meier SM, Novak M, Kandioller W, Jakupec MA, Arion VB, Metzler-Nolte N, Keppler BK, Hartinger CG. Identification of the structural determinants for anticancer activity of a ruthenium arene peptide conjugate. Chemistry 2013; 19:9297-307. [PMID: 23712572 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201300889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Organometallic Ru(arene)-peptide bioconjugates with potent in vitro anticancer activity are rare. We have prepared a conjugate of a Ru(arene) complex with the neuropeptide [Leu(5)]-enkephalin. [Chlorido(η(6)-p-cymene)(5-oxo-κO-2-{(4-[(N-tyrosinyl-glycinyl-glycinyl-phenylalanyl-leucinyl-NH2)propanamido]-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)methyl}-4H-pyronato-κO)ruthenium(II)] (8) shows antiproliferative activity in human ovarian carcinoma cells with an IC50 value as low as 13 μM, whereas the peptide or the Ru moiety alone are hardly cytotoxic. The conjugation strategy for linking the Ru(cym) (cym=η(6)-p-cymene) moiety to the peptide involved N-terminal modification of an alkyne-[Leu(5)]-enkephalin with a 2-(azidomethyl)-5-hydroxy-4H-pyran-4-one linker, using Cu(I)-catalyzed alkyne-azide cycloaddition (CuAAC), and subsequent metallation with the Ru(cym) moiety. The ruthenium-bioconjugate was characterized by high resolution top-down electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) with regard to peptide sequence, linker modification and metallation site. Notably, complete sequence coverage was obtained and the Ru(cym) moiety was confirmed to be coordinated to the pyronato linker. The ruthenium-bioconjugate was analyzed with respect to cytotoxicity-determining constituents, and through the bioconjugate models [{2-(azidomethyl)-5-oxo-κO-4H-pyronato-κO}chloride (η(6)-p-cymene)ruthenium(II)] (5) and [chlorido(η(6)-p-cymene){5-oxo-κO-2-([(4-(phenoxymethyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl]methyl)-4H-pyronato-κO}ruthenium(II)] (6) the Ru(cym) fragment with a triazole-carrying pyronato ligand was identified as the minimal unit required to achieve in vitro anticancer activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel M Meier
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Strasse 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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18
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Gross A, Hüsken N, Schur J, Raszeja Ł, Ott I, Metzler-Nolte N. A ruthenocene-PNA bioconjugate--synthesis, characterization, cytotoxicity, and AAS-detected cellular uptake. Bioconjug Chem 2012; 23:1764-74. [PMID: 22823488 DOI: 10.1021/bc200692g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Labeling of peptide nucleic acids (PNA) with metallocene complexes is explored herein for the modulation of the analytical characteristics, as well as biological properties of PNA. The synthesis of the first ruthenocene-PNA conjugate with a dodecamer, mixed-sequence PNA is described, and its properties are compared to a ferrocene-labeled analogue as well as an acetylated, metal-free derivative. The synthetic characteristics, chemical stability, analytical and thermodynamic properties, and the interaction with cDNA were investigated. Furthermore, the cytotoxicity of the PNA conjugates is determined on HeLa, HepG2, and PT45 cell lines. Finally, the cellular uptake of the metal-containing PNAs was quantified by high-resolution continuum source atomic absorption spectrometry (HR-CS AAS). An unexpectedly high cellular uptake to final concentrations of 4.2 mM was observed upon incubation with 50 μM solutions of the ruthenocene-PNA conjugate. The ruthenocene label was shown to be an excellent label in all respects, which is also more stable than its ferrocene analogue. Because of its high stability, low toxicity, and the lack of a natural background of ruthenium, it is an ideal choice for bioanalytical purposes and possible medicinal and biological applications like, e.g., the development of gene-targeted drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika Gross
- Inorganic Chemistry I, Bioinorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, D-44801 Bochum, Germany
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19
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Kumar S, Koh J, Kim H, Gupta M, Dutta P. A new chitosan–thymine conjugate: Synthesis, characterization and biological activity. Int J Biol Macromol 2012; 50:493-502. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2012.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/13/2012] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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20
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Patra M, Gasser G, Wenzel M, Merz K, Bandow JE, Metzler-Nolte N. Sandwich and Half-Sandwich Derivatives of Platensimycin: Synthesis and Biological Evaluation. Organometallics 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/om201146c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Malay Patra
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische
Chemie I-Bioanorganische Chemie, Fakultät für Chemie und Biochemie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Gebäude NC 3
Nord, Universitätsstrasse 150, D-44801 Bochum, Germany,
| | - Gilles Gasser
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische
Chemie I-Bioanorganische Chemie, Fakultät für Chemie und Biochemie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Gebäude NC 3
Nord, Universitätsstrasse 150, D-44801 Bochum, Germany,
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich,
Switzerland
| | - Michaela Wenzel
- Lehrstuhl für
Biologie
der Mikroorganismen, Fakultät
für Biologie und Biotechnologie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstrasse
150, D-44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Klaus Merz
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische
Chemie I-Bioanorganische Chemie, Fakultät für Chemie und Biochemie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Gebäude NC 3
Nord, Universitätsstrasse 150, D-44801 Bochum, Germany,
| | - Julia E. Bandow
- Lehrstuhl für
Biologie
der Mikroorganismen, Fakultät
für Biologie und Biotechnologie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstrasse
150, D-44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Nils Metzler-Nolte
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische
Chemie I-Bioanorganische Chemie, Fakultät für Chemie und Biochemie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Gebäude NC 3
Nord, Universitätsstrasse 150, D-44801 Bochum, Germany,
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21
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Abramkin S, Valiahdi SM, Jakupec MA, Galanski M, Metzler-Nolte N, Keppler BK. Solid-phase synthesis of oxaliplatin-TAT peptide bioconjugates. Dalton Trans 2012; 41:3001-5. [PMID: 22281694 DOI: 10.1039/c2dt12024k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Platinum-based drugs play a crucial role in the fight against cancer. Oxaliplatin, which is used in the treatment of colorectal carcinoma, was the last platinum-based agent to be approved worldwide. However, the efficiency of the therapy is limited for example by a low accumulation of the drug in cancer cells. Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) are known to ease the cellular membrane transport and are used as vectors for low-molecular-weight drugs and drug carriers; of them, TAT peptides are the best-studied group. In this work, a TAT-peptide fragment (YGRKKRRQRRR) was for the first time conjugated to a platinum(IV) analog of oxaliplatin as a vehicle for membrane penetration. Solid-phase peptide synthesis and subsequent coupling with the platinum complex afforded mono- and difunctionalized conjugates, which were separated by preparative HPLC and characterized by analytical HPLC, ESI-MS, and (1)H NMR spectroscopy. Both conjugates are active in the low micromolar range in CH1 and SW480 human cancer cells, requiring much lower concentrations than the untargeted analogs for equal effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey Abramkin
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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22
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Köster SD, Alborzinia H, Can S, Kitanovic I, Wölfl S, Rubbiani R, Ott I, Riesterer P, Prokop A, Merz K, Metzler-Nolte N. A spontaneous gold(i)-azide alkyne cycloaddition reaction yields gold-peptide bioconjugates which overcome cisplatin resistance in a p53-mutant cancer cell line. Chem Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2sc01127a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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23
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Kumar S, Kim H, Gupta MK, Dutta PK, Koh J. WITHDRAWN: A new chitosan-thymine conjugate: Synthesis, characterization and biological activity. Int J Biol Macromol 2011:S0141-8130(11)00371-0. [PMID: 21986543 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2011.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2011] [Accepted: 09/24/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
This article has been withdrawn at the request of the author(s) and/or editor. The Publisher apologizes for any inconvenience this may cause. The full Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal can be found at http://www.elsevier.com/locate/withdrawalpolicyv.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh Kumar
- Department of Textile Engineering, Konkuk University,Seoul 143-701,South Korea
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24
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Patra M, Metzler-Nolte N. Azidomethyl-ruthenocene: facile synthesis of a useful metallocene derivative and its application in the 'click' labelling of biomolecules. Chem Commun (Camb) 2011; 47:11444-6. [PMID: 21935541 DOI: 10.1039/c1cc14537a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A convenient synthesis of azidomethyl-ruthenocene and its use in the covalent labelling of amino acids, peptides and a peptide nucleic acid (PNA) monomer derivative by Cu(I) catalyzed azide-alkyne coupling (Cu-AAC, "click chemistry") are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malay Patra
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie I, Bioanorganische Chemie, Fakultät für Chemie und Biochemie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany
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