1
|
Ariafard A, Longhurst M, Swiegers GF, Stranger R. Mechanistic elucidation of O 2 production from tBuOOH in water using the Mn(II) catalyst [Mn 2(mcbpen) 2(H 2O) 2] 2+: a DFT study. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:14089-14097. [PMID: 39120522 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt01700e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
This study employs density functional theory at the SMD/B3LYP-D3/6-311+G(2d,p),def2-TZVPP//SMD/B3LYP-D3/6-31G(d),SDD level of theory to explore the mechanistic details of O2 generation from tBuOOH, using H218O as the solvent, in the presence of the Mn(II) catalyst [Mn2(mcbpen)2(H2O)2]2+. Since this chemistry was reported to occur through the reaction of Mn(III)(μ-O)Mn(IV)-O˙ with water, we first revaluated this proposal and found that it occurs with an activation barrier greater than 36 kcal mol-1, ruling out the functioning of such a dimer as the active catalyst. Experimental evidence has shown that the oxidation of [Mn2(mcbpen)2(H2O)2]2+ by tBuOOH in H218O produces the Mn(IV) species [Mn(18O)(mcbpen)]+. Our investigations revealed a plausible mechanism for this observation in which [Mn (18O)(mcbpen)]+ acts as the active catalyst, generating the tert-butyl peroxyl radical (tBuOO˙) through its reaction with tBuOOH. In this proposed mechanism, the O-O bond is formed through the interaction of tBuOO˙ with another [Mn(18O)(mcbpen)]+, finally leading to the formation of the 16O18O product. Our findings underscore the pivotal role of [Mn(18O)(mcbpen)]+ in both generating the active species tBuOO˙ and consuming it to produce 16O18O. With activation barriers as low as about 9 kcal mol-1, these elementary steps highlight the feasibility of our proposed mechanism. Moreover, this mechanism elucidates why, experimentally, one of the oxygen atoms in the released O2 comes from water, while the other originates from tBuOOH. This research broadens our understanding of high oxidation state manganese chemistry, setting the stage for the development of more efficient Mn-based catalysts, aimed at improving processes in both renewable energy and synthetic chemistry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Ariafard
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia.
| | - Matthew Longhurst
- Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Gerhard F Swiegers
- Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Robert Stranger
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ariafard A, Longhurst M, Swiegers GF, Stranger R. Elucidating the catalytic mechanisms of O 2 generation by [Mn 2(μ-O) 2(terpy) 2(OH 2) 2] 3+ using DFT calculations: a focus on ClO - as oxidant. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:7580-7589. [PMID: 38616680 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt00734d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
The experimentally reported Mn(IV)Mn(III) complex [Mn2(μ-O)2(terpy)2(OH2)2]3+ has been observed catalyzing O2 generation with oxidants like ClO- and HSO5-. Previous mechanistic studies primarily focused on O2 generation with HSO5-, concluding that Mn(IV)Mn(III) acts as a catalyst, generating a Mn(IV)Mn(IV)-oxyl species as a key intermediate responsible for O-O bond formation. This computational study employs DFT calculations to investigate whether the catalytic generation of O2 using ClO- follows the same mechanism previously identified with HSO5- as the oxidant, or if it proceeds through an alternate pathway. To this end, we explored multiple pathways using ClO- as the oxidant. Interestingly, our findings confirm that in the case of ClO- as the oxidant, similar to what was observed with HSO5-, the Mn(IV)Mn(IV)-oxyl species indeed plays a crucial role in driving the catalytic evolution of O2 with the potential formation of the binuclear complexes Mn(IV)Mn(IV)-oxy and Mn(IV)Mn(IV)-OH during the reaction. These complexes are reactive in producing O2, with activation free energies of 15.9 and 14.3 kcal mol-1, respectively. However, our calculations revealed that the Mn(IV)Mn(IV)-oxyl complex is significantly more reactive in producing O2 than Mn(IV)Mn(IV)-oxy and Mn(IV)Mn(IV)-OH, with a lower free energy barrier of 8.1 kcal mol-1. Consequently, even though Mn(IV)Mn(IV)-oxyl is predicted to be present in much lower concentrations than Mn(IV)Mn(IV)-oxy and Mn(IV)Mn(IV)-OH, it emerges as the species acting as the active catalyst for catalytic O2 generation. This study enhances our knowledge of high oxidation state (+3 and +4) manganese chemistry, highlighting its key role in catalysis and paving the way for more efficient Mn-based catalysts with broad applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Ariafard
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia.
| | - Matthew Longhurst
- Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Gerhard F Swiegers
- Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Robert Stranger
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Singh A, Roy L. Evolution in the Design of Water Oxidation Catalysts with Transition-Metals: A Perspective on Biological, Molecular, Supramolecular, and Hybrid Approaches. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:9886-9920. [PMID: 38463281 PMCID: PMC10918817 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c07847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Increased demand for a carbon-neutral sustainable energy scheme augmented by climatic threats motivates the design and exploration of novel approaches that reserve intermittent solar energy in the form of chemical bonds in molecules and materials. In this context, inspired by biological processes, artificial photosynthesis has garnered significant attention as a promising solution to convert solar power into chemical fuels from abundantly found H2O. Among the two redox half-reactions in artificial photosynthesis, the four-electron oxidation of water according to 2H2O → O2 + 4H+ + 4e- comprises the major bottleneck and is a severe impediment toward sustainable energy production. As such, devising new catalytic platforms, with traditional concepts of molecular, materials and biological catalysis and capable of integrating the functional architectures of the natural oxygen-evolving complex in photosystem II would certainly be a value-addition toward this objective. In this review, we discuss the progress in construction of ideal water oxidation catalysts (WOCs), starting with the ingenuity of the biological design with earth-abundant transition metal ions, which then diverges into molecular, supramolecular and hybrid approaches, blurring any existing chemical or conceptual boundaries. We focus on the geometric, electronic, and mechanistic understanding of state-of-the-art homogeneous transition-metal containing molecular WOCs and summarize the limiting factors such as choice of ligands and predominance of environmentally unrewarding and expensive noble-metals, necessity of high-valency on metal, thermodynamic instability of intermediates, and reversibility of reactions that create challenges in construction of robust and efficient water oxidation catalyst. We highlight how judicious heterogenization of atom-efficient molecular WOCs in supramolecular and hybrid approaches put forth promising avenues to alleviate the existing problems in molecular catalysis, albeit retaining their fascinating intrinsic reactivities. Taken together, our overview is expected to provide guiding principles on opportunities, challenges, and crucial factors for designing novel water oxidation catalysts based on a synergy between conventional and contemporary methodologies that will incite the expansion of the domain of artificial photosynthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ajeet
Kumar Singh
- Institute of Chemical Technology
Mumbai−IOC Odisha Campus Bhubaneswar, IIT Kharagpur Extension
Centre, Bhubaneswar − 751013 India
| | - Lisa Roy
- Institute of Chemical Technology
Mumbai−IOC Odisha Campus Bhubaneswar, IIT Kharagpur Extension
Centre, Bhubaneswar − 751013 India
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Bauer N, Yuan Z, Yang X, Wang B. Plight of CORMs: The unreliability of four commercially available CO-releasing molecules, CORM-2, CORM-3, CORM-A1, and CORM-401, in studying CO biology. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 214:115642. [PMID: 37321416 PMCID: PMC10529722 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Carbon monoxide (CO) is an endogenously produced gaseous signaling molecule with demonstrated pharmacological effects. In studying CO biology, three delivery forms have been used: CO gas, CO in solution, and CO donors of various types. Among the CO donors, four carbonyl complexes with either a transition metal ion or borane (BH3) (termed CO-releasing molecules or CORMs) have played the most prominent roles appearing in over 650 publications. These are CORM-2, CORM-3, CORM-A1, and CORM-401. Intriguingly, there have been unique biology findings that were only observed with these CORMs, but not CO gas; yet these properties were often attributed to CO, raising puzzling questions as to why CO source would make such a fundamental difference in terms of CO biology. Recent years have seen a large number of reports of chemical reactivity (e.g., catalase-like activity, reaction with thiol, and reduction of NAD(P)+) and demonstrated CO-independent biological activity for these four CORMs. Further, CORM-A1 releases CO in an idiosyncratic fashion; CO release from CORM-401 is strongly influenced or even dependent on reaction with an oxidant and/or a nucleophile; CORM-2 mostly releases CO2, not CO, after a water-gas shift reaction except in the presence of a strong nucleophile; and CORM-3 does not release CO except in the presence of a strong nucleophile. All these beg the question as to what constitutes an appropriate CO donor for studying CO biology. This review critically summarizes literature findings related to these aspects, with the aim of helping result interpretation when using these CORMs and development of essential criteria for an appropriate donor for studying CO biology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Bauer
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Zhengnan Yuan
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Xiaoxiao Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Binghe Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Khan MA, Sen UR, Khan S, Sengupta S, Shruti S, Naskar S. Manganese based Molecular Water Oxidation Catalyst: From Natural to Artificial Photosynthesis. COMMENT INORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/02603594.2022.2130273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sahanwaj Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology-Mesra, Ranchi, India
| | - Swaraj Sengupta
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology-Mesra, Ranchi, India
| | - Sonal Shruti
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology-Mesra, Ranchi, India
| | - Subhendu Naskar
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology-Mesra, Ranchi, India
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Boniolo M, Hossain MK, Chernev P, Suremann NF, Heizmann PA, Lyvik ASL, Beyer P, Haumann M, Huang P, Salhi N, Cheah MH, Shylin SI, Lundberg M, Thapper A, Messinger J. Water Oxidation by Pentapyridyl Base Metal Complexes? A Case Study. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:9104-9118. [PMID: 35658429 PMCID: PMC9214691 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c00631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
![]()
The design of molecular
water oxidation catalysts (WOCs) requires
a rational approach that considers the intermediate steps of the catalytic
cycle, including water binding, deprotonation, storage of oxidizing
equivalents, O–O bond formation, and O2 release.
We investigated several of these properties for a series of base metal
complexes (M = Mn, Fe, Co, Ni) bearing two variants of a pentapyridyl
ligand framework, of which some were reported previously to be active
WOCs. We found that only [Fe(Py5OMe)Cl]+ (Py5OMe = pyridine-2,6-diylbis[di-(pyridin-2-yl)methoxymethane])
showed an appreciable catalytic activity with a turnover number (TON)
= 130 in light-driven experiments using the [Ru(bpy)3]2+/S2O82– system at
pH 8.0, but that activity is demonstrated to arise from the rapid
degradation in the buffered solution leading to the formation of catalytically
active amorphous iron oxide/hydroxide (FeOOH), which subsequently
lost the catalytic activity by forming more extensive and structured
FeOOH species. The detailed analysis of the redox and water-binding
properties employing electrochemistry, X-ray absorption spectroscopy
(XAS), UV–vis spectroscopy, and density-functional theory (DFT)
showed that all complexes were able to undergo the MIII/MII oxidation, but none was able to yield a detectable
amount of a MIV state in our potential window (up to +2
V vs SHE). This inability was traced to (i) the preference for binding
Cl– or acetonitrile instead of water-derived species
in the apical position, which excludes redox leveling via proton coupled electron transfer, and (ii) the lack of sigma donor
ligands that would stabilize oxidation states beyond MIII. On that basis, design features for next-generation molecular WOCs
are suggested. We scrutinize the water oxidation
activity for pentapyridyl
metal complexes [MII(Py5R)Cl]+ (M = Mn, Fe,
Co, Ni; R = OH, OMe). Analysis of their stability, redox, and water-binding
properties shows that the complexes are not able to reach high-valent
intermediate states and do not catalyze water oxidation in their molecular
form.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Boniolo
- Molecular Biomimetics, Department of Chemistry-Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Md Kamal Hossain
- Synthetic Molecular Chemistry, Department of Chemistry-Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Petko Chernev
- Molecular Biomimetics, Department of Chemistry-Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Nina F Suremann
- Synthetic Molecular Chemistry, Department of Chemistry-Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Philipp A Heizmann
- Synthetic Molecular Chemistry, Department of Chemistry-Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Amanda S L Lyvik
- Molecular Biomimetics, Department of Chemistry-Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Paul Beyer
- Physics Department, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Haumann
- Physics Department, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ping Huang
- Molecular Biomimetics, Department of Chemistry-Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Nessima Salhi
- Molecular Biomimetics, Department of Chemistry-Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mun Hon Cheah
- Molecular Biomimetics, Department of Chemistry-Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sergii I Shylin
- Molecular Biomimetics, Department of Chemistry-Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Marcus Lundberg
- Molecular Biomimetics, Department of Chemistry-Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anders Thapper
- Synthetic Molecular Chemistry, Department of Chemistry-Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Johannes Messinger
- Molecular Biomimetics, Department of Chemistry-Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Chemistry, Chemical Biological Centre, Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhao M, Zhang K, Xu J, Li J. Fe III/TBHP mediated remote C–O bond construction of 8-aminoquinolines: access to methoxylation and cyanomethoxylation. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo00438k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The C5 regioselective methoxylation and cyanomethoxylation of 8-aminoquinolines were achieved under FeIII/TBHP system by tuning the temperature and solvent. TBHP was investigated as an “oxygen” source in the ether bond formation for the first time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengfei Zhao
- Department of Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2519 Jiefang Road, Changchun 130021, P. R. China
| | - Kaixin Zhang
- Department of Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2519 Jiefang Road, Changchun 130021, P. R. China
| | - Jianxiong Xu
- Department of Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2519 Jiefang Road, Changchun 130021, P. R. China
| | - Jizhen Li
- Department of Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2519 Jiefang Road, Changchun 130021, P. R. China
- State Key laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Hessels J, Masferrer‐Rius E, Yu F, Detz RJ, Klein Gebbink RJM, Reek JNH. Nickel is a Different Pickle: Trends in Water Oxidation Catalysis for Molecular Nickel Complexes. CHEMSUSCHEM 2020; 13:6629-6634. [PMID: 33090703 PMCID: PMC7756549 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202002164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The development of novel water oxidation catalysts is important in the context of renewable fuels production. Ligand design is one of the key tools to improve the activity and stability of molecular catalysts. The establishment of ligand design rules can facilitate the development of improved molecular catalysts. In this paper it is shown that chemical oxidants can be used to probe oxygen evolution activity for nickel-based systems, and trends are reported that can improve future ligand design. Interestingly, different ligand effects were observed in comparison to other first-row transition metal complexes. For example, nickel complexes with secondary amine donors were more active than with tertiary amine donors, which is the opposite for iron complexes. The incorporation of imine donor groups in a cyclam ligand resulted in the fastest and most durable nickel catalyst of our series, achieving oxygen evolution turnover numbers up to 380 and turnover frequencies up to 68 min-1 in a pH 5.0 acetate buffer using Oxone as oxidant. Initial kinetic experiments with this catalyst revealed a first order in chemical oxidant and a half order in catalyst. This implies a rate-determining oxidation step from a dimeric species that needs to break up to generate the active catalyst. These findings lay the foundation for the rational design of molecular nickel catalysts for water oxidation and highlight that catalyst design rules are not generally applicable for different metals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joeri Hessels
- Homogeneous, Supramolecular and Bio-Inspired Catalysis, Van ‘t Hoff Institute for Molecular SciencesUniversity of AmsterdamScience Park 9041098 XHAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Eduard Masferrer‐Rius
- Organic Chemistry & Catalysis, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials ScienceUtrecht UniversityUniversiteitsweg 993584 CGUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Fengshou Yu
- Homogeneous, Supramolecular and Bio-Inspired Catalysis, Van ‘t Hoff Institute for Molecular SciencesUniversity of AmsterdamScience Park 9041098 XHAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Remko J. Detz
- Current address: TNO Energy Transition, Energy Transition StudiesRadarweg 601043 NTAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Robertus J. M. Klein Gebbink
- Organic Chemistry & Catalysis, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials ScienceUtrecht UniversityUniversiteitsweg 993584 CGUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Joost N. H. Reek
- Homogeneous, Supramolecular and Bio-Inspired Catalysis, Van ‘t Hoff Institute for Molecular SciencesUniversity of AmsterdamScience Park 9041098 XHAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
van Dijk B, Rodriguez GM, Wu L, Hofmann JP, Macchioni A, Hetterscheid DGH. The Influence of the Ligand in the Iridium Mediated Electrocatalyic Water Oxidation. ACS Catal 2020; 10:4398-4410. [PMID: 32280560 PMCID: PMC7137537 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c00531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Electrochemical
water oxidation is the bottleneck of electrolyzers
as even the best catalysts, iridium and ruthenium oxides, have to
operate at significant overpotentials. Previously, the position of
a hydroxyl on a series of hydroxylpicolinate ligands was found to
significantly influence the activity of molecular iridium catalysts
in sacrificial oxidant driven water oxidation. In this study, these
catalysts were tested under electrochemical conditions and benchmarked
to several other known molecular iridium catalysts under the exact
same conditions. This allowed us to compare these catalysts directly
and observe whether structure–activity relationships would
prevail under electrochemical conditions. Using both electrochemical
quartz crystal microbalance experiments and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy,
we found that all studied iridium complexes form an iridium deposit
on the electrode with binding energies ranging from 62.4 to 62.7 eV
for the major Ir 4f7/2 species. These do not match the
binding energies found for the parent complexes, which have a broader
binding energy range from 61.7 to 62.7 eV and show a clear relationship
to the electronegativity induced by the ligands. Moreover, all catalysts
performed the electrochemical water oxidation in the same order of
magnitude as the maximum currents ranged from 0.2 to 0.6 mA cm–2 once more without clear structure–activity
relationships. In addition, by employing 1H NMR spectroscopy
we found evidence for Cp* breakdown products such as acetate. Electrodeposited
iridium oxide from ligand free [Ir(OH)6]2– or a colloidal iridium oxide nanoparticles solution produces currents
almost 2 orders of magnitude higher with a maximum current of 11 mA
cm–2. Also, this deposited material contains, apart
from an Ir 4f7/2 species at 62.4 eV, an Ir species at 63.6
eV, which is not observed for any deposit formed by the molecular
complexes. Thus, the electrodeposited material of the complexes cannot
be directly linked to bulk iridium oxide. Small IrOx clusters
containing few Ir atoms with partially incorporated ligand residues
are the most likely option for the catalytically active electrodeposit.
Our results emphasize that structure–activity relationships
obtained with sacrificial oxidants do not necessarily translate to
electrochemical conditions. Furthermore, other factors, such as electrodeposition
and catalyst degradation, play a major role in the electrochemically
driven water oxidation and should thus be considered when optimizing
molecular catalysts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bas van Dijk
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Gabriel Menendez Rodriguez
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology and CIRCC, University of Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Longfei Wu
- Laboratory for Inorganic Materials and Catalysis, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Jan P. Hofmann
- Laboratory for Inorganic Materials and Catalysis, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Alceo Macchioni
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology and CIRCC, University of Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Wegeberg C, Lauritsen FR, Frandsen C, Mørup S, Browne WR, McKenzie CJ. Directing a Non-Heme Iron(III)-Hydroperoxide Species on a Trifurcated Reactivity Pathway. Chemistry 2017; 24:5134-5145. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201704615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christina Wegeberg
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy; University of Southern Denmark; Campusvej 55 5230 Odense M Denmark
| | - Frants R. Lauritsen
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy; University of Southern Denmark; Campusvej 55 5230 Odense M Denmark
| | - Cathrine Frandsen
- Department of Physics; Technical University of Denmark; 2800 Kongens Lyngby Denmark
| | - Steen Mørup
- Department of Physics; Technical University of Denmark; 2800 Kongens Lyngby Denmark
| | - Wesley R. Browne
- Molecular Inorganic Chemistry; Stratingh Institute for Chemistry; University of Groningen; Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Christine J. McKenzie
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy; University of Southern Denmark; Campusvej 55 5230 Odense M Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Mohamed EA, Zahran ZN, Naruta Y. Covalent bonds immobilization of cofacial Mn porphyrin dimers on an ITO electrode for efficient water oxidation in aqueous solutions. J Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2017.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
|
12
|
Wrzolek P, Wahl S, Schwalbe M. Electrocatalytic investigation on the water oxidation ability of a hangman complex based on the [Ru(tpy)(bpy)(OH 2 )] 2+ motif. Catal Today 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2016.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
13
|
Crandell DW, Xu S, Smith JM, Baik MH. Intramolecular Oxyl Radical Coupling Promotes O–O Bond Formation in a Homogeneous Mononuclear Mn-based Water Oxidation Catalyst: A Computational Mechanistic Investigation. Inorg Chem 2017; 56:4436-4446. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.6b03144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Douglas W. Crandell
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 East Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Song Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 East Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Jeremy M. Smith
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 East Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Mu-Hyun Baik
- Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Najafpour MM, Renger G, Hołyńska M, Moghaddam AN, Aro EM, Carpentier R, Nishihara H, Eaton-Rye JJ, Shen JR, Allakhverdiev SI. Manganese Compounds as Water-Oxidizing Catalysts: From the Natural Water-Oxidizing Complex to Nanosized Manganese Oxide Structures. Chem Rev 2016; 116:2886-936. [PMID: 26812090 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 337] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
All cyanobacteria, algae, and plants use a similar water-oxidizing catalyst for water oxidation. This catalyst is housed in Photosystem II, a membrane-protein complex that functions as a light-driven water oxidase in oxygenic photosynthesis. Water oxidation is also an important reaction in artificial photosynthesis because it has the potential to provide cheap electrons from water for hydrogen production or for the reduction of carbon dioxide on an industrial scale. The water-oxidizing complex of Photosystem II is a Mn-Ca cluster that oxidizes water with a low overpotential and high turnover frequency number of up to 25-90 molecules of O2 released per second. In this Review, we discuss the atomic structure of the Mn-Ca cluster of the Photosystem II water-oxidizing complex from the viewpoint that the underlying mechanism can be informative when designing artificial water-oxidizing catalysts. This is followed by consideration of functional Mn-based model complexes for water oxidation and the issue of Mn complexes decomposing to Mn oxide. We then provide a detailed assessment of the chemistry of Mn oxides by considering how their bulk and nanoscale properties contribute to their effectiveness as water-oxidizing catalysts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Gernot Renger
- Institute of Chemistry, Max-Volmer-Laboratory of Biophysical Chemistry, Technical University Berlin , Straße des 17. Juni 135, D-10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Małgorzata Hołyńska
- Fachbereich Chemie und Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften (WZMW), Philipps-Universität Marburg , Hans-Meerwein-Straße, D-35032 Marburg, Germany
| | | | - Eva-Mari Aro
- Department of Biochemistry and Food Chemistry, University of Turku , 20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Robert Carpentier
- Groupe de Recherche en Biologie Végétale (GRBV), Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières , C.P. 500, Trois-Rivières, Québec G9A 5H7, Canada
| | - Hiroshi Nishihara
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo , 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Julian J Eaton-Rye
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago , P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Jian-Ren Shen
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Faculty of Science, Okayama University , Okayama 700-8530, Japan.,Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100093, China
| | - Suleyman I Allakhverdiev
- Controlled Photobiosynthesis Laboratory, Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences , Botanicheskaya Street 35, Moscow 127276, Russia.,Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences , Pushchino, Moscow Region 142290, Russia.,Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University , Leninskie Gory 1-12, Moscow 119991, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Wegeberg C, McKee V, McKenzie CJ. A coordinatively flexible hexadentate ligand gives structurally isomeric complexesM2(L)X3(M= Cu, Zn;X= Br, Cl). ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION C-STRUCTURAL CHEMISTRY 2016; 72:68-74. [DOI: 10.1107/s2053229615023773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Polypyridyl multidentate ligands based on ethylenediamine backbones are important metal-binding agents with applications in biomimetics and homogeneous catalysis. The seemingly hexadentate tpena ligand [systematic name:N,N,N′-tris(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)ethylenediamine-N′-acetate] reacts with zinc chloride and zinc bromide to form trichlorido[μ-N,N,N′-tris(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)ethylenediamine-N′-acetato]dizinc(II), [Zn2(C22H24N5O2)Cl3], and tribromido[μ-N,N,N′-tris(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)ethylenediamine-N′-acetato]dizinc(II), [Zn2Br3(C22H24N5O2)]. One ZnIIion shows the anticipated N5O coordination in an irregular six-coordinate site and is linked by ananticarboxylate bridge to a tetrahedral ZnX3(X= Cl or Br) unit. In contrast, the CuIIions in aquatribromido[μ-N,N,N′-tris(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)ethylenediamine-N′-acetato]dicopper(II)–tribromido[μ-N,N,N′-tris(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)ethylenediamine-N′-acetato]dicopper(II)–water (1/1/6.5) [Cu2Br3(C22H24N5O2)][Cu2Br3(C22H24N5O2)(H2O)]·6.5H2O, occupy two tpena-chelated sites, one a trigonal bipyramidal N3Cl2site and the other a square-planar N2OCl site. In all three cases, electrospray ionization mass spectra were dominated by a misleading ion assignable to [M(tpena)]+(M= Zn2+and Cu2+).
Collapse
|
16
|
Kärkäs MD, Åkermark B. Water oxidation using earth-abundant transition metal catalysts: opportunities and challenges. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:14421-61. [DOI: 10.1039/c6dt00809g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Catalysts for the oxidation of water are a vital component of solar energy to fuel conversion technologies. This Perspective summarizes recent advances in the field of designing homogeneous water oxidation catalysts (WOCs) based on Mn, Fe, Co and Cu.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Markus D. Kärkäs
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- Arrhenius Laboratory
- Stockholm University
- SE-106 91 Stockholm
- Sweden
| | - Björn Åkermark
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- Arrhenius Laboratory
- Stockholm University
- SE-106 91 Stockholm
- Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Deville C, Finsel M, de Sousa DP, Szafranowska B, Behnken J, Svane S, Bond AD, Seidler-Egdal RK, McKenzie CJ. Too Many Cooks Spoil the Broth - Variable Potencies of Oxidizing Mn Complexes of a Hexadentate Carboxylato Ligand. Eur J Inorg Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201500210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
18
|
Asraf MA, Younus HA, Yusubov M, Verpoort F. Earth-abundant metal complexes as catalysts for water oxidation; is it homogeneous or heterogeneous? Catal Sci Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cy01251a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This minireview focuses on the aspects that determine whether particular catalysts for the oxidation of water are homogeneous or heterogeneous.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Md. Ali Asraf
- Laboratory of Organometallics
- Catalysis and Ordered Materials
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing
- Wuhan University of Technology
- Wuhan 430070
| | - Hussein A. Younus
- Laboratory of Organometallics
- Catalysis and Ordered Materials
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing
- Wuhan University of Technology
- Wuhan 430070
| | - Mekhman Yusubov
- National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University
- Russian Federation
| | - Francis Verpoort
- Laboratory of Organometallics
- Catalysis and Ordered Materials
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing
- Wuhan University of Technology
- Wuhan 430070
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Kärkäs MD, Verho O, Johnston EV, Åkermark B. Artificial Photosynthesis: Molecular Systems for Catalytic Water Oxidation. Chem Rev 2014; 114:11863-2001. [DOI: 10.1021/cr400572f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1024] [Impact Index Per Article: 102.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Markus D. Kärkäs
- Department of Organic Chemistry,
Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Oscar Verho
- Department of Organic Chemistry,
Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eric V. Johnston
- Department of Organic Chemistry,
Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Björn Åkermark
- Department of Organic Chemistry,
Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Parent AR, Sakai K. Progress in base-metal water oxidation catalysis. CHEMSUSCHEM 2014; 7:2070-80. [PMID: 25066264 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201402322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2014] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
This minireview provides a brief overview of the progress that has been made in developing homogeneous water oxidation catalysts based on base metals (manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, and copper) from the 1990s to mid-2014. The impact of each contribution is analyzed, and opportunities for further improvement are noted. In addition, the relative stabilities of the base-metal catalysts that have been reported are compared to illustrate the importance of developing more robust catalytic systems by using these metals. This manuscript is intended to provide a firm foundation for researchers entering the field of water oxidation based on base metals and a useful reference for those currently involved in the field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Rene Parent
- International Institute for Carbon-Neutral, Energy Research (WPI-I2CNER), Kyushu University, Motooka 744, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395 (Japan).
| | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Codola Z, Lloret-Fillol J, Costas M. Aminopyridine Iron and Manganese Complexes as Molecular Catalysts for Challenging Oxidative Transformations. PROGRESS IN INORGANIC CHEMISTRY: VOLUME 59 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/9781118869994.ch07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
|
22
|
Lee WT, Muñoz SB, Dickie DA, Smith JM. Ligand modification transforms a catalase mimic into a water oxidation catalyst. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:9856-9. [PMID: 25044487 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201402407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2014] [Revised: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The catalytic reactivity of the high-spin Mn(II) pyridinophane complexes [(Py2NR2)Mn(H2O)2](2+) (R=H, Me, tBu) toward O2 formation is reported. With small macrocycle N-substituents (R=H, Me), the complexes catalytically disproportionate H2O2 in aqueous solution; with a bulky substituent (R=tBu), this catalytic reaction is shut down, but the complex becomes active for aqueous electrocatalytic H2O oxidation. Control experiments are in support of a homogeneous molecular catalyst and preliminary mechanistic studies suggest that the catalyst is mononuclear. This ligand-controlled switch in catalytic reactivity has implications for the design of new manganese-based water oxidation catalysts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Tsung Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 East Kirkwood Ave., Bloomington, IN 47405 (USA)
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Lee WT, Muñoz SB, Dickie DA, Smith JM. Ligand Modification Transforms a Catalase Mimic into a Water Oxidation Catalyst. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201402407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
24
|
Gan CRR, Liu Z, Bai SQ, Ong KS, Hor TSA. Carboxylate-rich hybrid ligands in Mn(ii) complexes as precursors for water oxidation reactions. Dalton Trans 2014; 43:1821-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c3dt51666k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
25
|
Hirahara M, Shoji A, Yagi M. Artificial Manganese Center Models for Photosynthetic Oxygen Evolution in Photosystem II. Eur J Inorg Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201300683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
|
26
|
Young KJ, Takase MK, Brudvig GW. An anionic N-donor ligand promotes manganese-catalyzed water oxidation. Inorg Chem 2013; 52:7615-22. [PMID: 23777320 PMCID: PMC4040523 DOI: 10.1021/ic400691e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Four manganese complexes of pentadentate ligands have been studied for their ability to act as oxygen evolution catalysts in the presence of Oxone or hydrogen peroxide. The complexes [Mn(PaPy3)(NO3)](ClO4) (1) (PaPy3H = N,N-bis(2-pyridylmethyl)-amine-N-ethyl-2-pyridine-2-carboxamide) and [Mn(PaPy3)(μ-O)(PaPy3)Mn](ClO4)2 (2) feature an anionic carboxamido ligand trans to the labile sixth coordination site, while [Mn(N4Py)OTf](OTf) (3) (N4Py = N,N-bis(2-pyridylmethyl)-N-bis(2-pyridyl)methylamine) and [Mn(PY5)(OH2)](ClO4)2 (4) (PY5 = 2,6-bis(bis(2-pyridyl)methoxymethane)-pyridine) have neutral ligands of varying flexibility. 1 and 2 are shown to evolve oxygen in the presence of either Oxone or hydrogen peroxide, but 3 evolves oxygen only in the presence of hydrogen peroxide. 4 is inactive. The activity of 1 and 2 with Oxone suggests that the presence of an anionic N-donor ligand plays a role in stabilizing putative high-valent intermediates. Anionic N-donor ligands may be viewed as alternatives to μ-oxo ligands that are prone to protonation in low-valent Mn species formed during a catalytic cycle, resulting in loss of catalyst structure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karin J. Young
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520
| | | | - Gary W. Brudvig
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Lennartson A, McKenzie CJ. Oxidation of a dinuclear manganese(II) complex to an oxide-bridged dimanganese(IV) complex. Acta Crystallogr C 2012; 68:m347-52. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108270112043296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2012] [Accepted: 10/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Bis{μ-2-[bis(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)amino]acetato}bis[diaquamanganese(II)] bis(trifluoromethanesulfonate) monohydrate, [Mn2(C14H14N3O2)2(H2O)4](CF3O3S)2·H2O, (I), and bis{μ-3-[bis(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)amino]propionato}bis[aquamanganese(II)] bis(trifluoromethanesulfonate) dihydrate, [Mn2(C15H16N3O2)2(H2O)2](CF3O3S)2·2H2O, (II), form binuclear seven-coordinate complexes. Oxidation of (II) with ammonium hexanitratocerate(IV), (NH4)2[Ce(NO3)6], gave the oxide-bridged dimanganese(IV) complex di-μ-oxido-bis(bis{3-[bis(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)amino]propionato}manganese(IV)) bis[triaquatetranitratocerate(IV)], [Mn2O2(C15H16N3O2)2][Ce(NO3)4(H2O)3]2, (III). The manganese complexes in (II) and (III) sit on a site of \overline{1} symmetry.
Collapse
|
28
|
Artero V, Fontecave M. Solar fuels generation and molecular systems: is it homogeneous or heterogeneous catalysis? Chem Soc Rev 2012; 42:2338-56. [PMID: 23165230 DOI: 10.1039/c2cs35334b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 334] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Catalysis is a key enabling technology for solar fuel generation. A number of catalytic systems, either molecular/homogeneous or solid/heterogeneous, have been developed during the last few decades for both the reductive and oxidative multi-electron reactions required for fuel production from water or CO(2) as renewable raw materials. While allowing for a fine tuning of the catalytic properties through ligand design, molecular approaches are frequently criticized because of the inherent fragility of the resulting catalysts, when exposed to extreme redox potentials. In a number of cases, it has been clearly established that the true catalytic species is heterogeneous in nature, arising from the transformation of the initial molecular species, which should rather be considered as a pre-catalyst. Whether such a situation is general or not is a matter of debate in the community. In this review, covering water oxidation and reduction catalysts, involving noble and non-noble metal ions, we limit our discussion to the cases in which this issue has been directly and properly addressed as well as those requiring more confirmation. The methodologies proposed for discriminating homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis are inspired in part by those previously discussed by Finke in the case of homogeneous hydrogenation reaction in organometallic chemistry [J. A. Widegren and R. G. Finke, J. Mol. Catal. A, 2003, 198, 317-341].
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Artero
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Biologie des Métaux (CEA/Université Grenoble 1/CNRS), 17 rue des Martyrs, 38054 Grenoble cedex 09, France.
| | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Castillo CE, Romain S, Retegan M, Leprêtre JC, Chauvin J, Duboc C, Fortage J, Deronzier A, Collomb MN. Visible-Light-Driven Generation of High-Valent Oxo-Bridged Dinuclear and Tetranuclear Manganese Terpyridine Entities Linked to Photoactive Ruthenium Units of Relevance to Photosystem II. Eur J Inorg Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201200924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
|
30
|
Najafpour MM, Moghaddam AN, Allakhverdiev SI, Govindjee. Biological water oxidation: lessons from nature. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2012; 1817:1110-21. [PMID: 22507946 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2012.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2012] [Revised: 04/02/2012] [Accepted: 04/04/2012] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen production by water splitting may be an appealing solution for future energy needs. To evolve hydrogen efficiently in a sustainable manner, it is necessary first to synthesize what we may call a 'super catalyst' for water oxidation, which is the more challenging half reaction of water splitting. An efficient system for water oxidation exists in the water oxidizing complex in cyanobacteria, algae and plants; further, recently published data on the Manganese-calcium cluster have provided details on the mechanism and structure of the water oxidizing complex. Here, we have briefly reviewed the characteristics of the natural system from the standpoint of what we could learn from it to produce an efficient artificial system. In short, to design an efficient water oxidizing complex for artificial photosynthesis, we must learn and use wisely the knowledge about water oxidation and the water oxidizing complex in the natural system. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Photosynthesis Research for Sustainability: from Natural to Artificial.
Collapse
|
31
|
Wada T, Ohtsu H, Tanaka K. Catalytic Four-Electron Oxidation of Water by Intramolecular Coupling of the Oxo Ligands of a Bis(ruthenium-bipyridine) Complex. Chemistry 2012; 18:2374-81. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201102236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2011] [Revised: 10/06/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
|
32
|
Wiechen M, Berends HM, Kurz P. Wateroxidation catalysed by manganese compounds: from complexes to ‘biomimetic rocks’. Dalton Trans 2012; 41:21-31. [PMID: 22068958 DOI: 10.1039/c1dt11537e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Wiechen
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Max-Eyth-Straße 2, 24118, Kiel, Germany
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Hughes TF, Friesner RA. Systematic Investigation of the Catalytic Cycle of a Single Site Ruthenium Oxygen Evolving Complex Using Density Functional Theory. J Phys Chem B 2011; 115:9280-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jp2026576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas F. Hughes
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Richard A. Friesner
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Vad MS, Nielsen A, Lennartson A, Bond AD, McGrady JE, McKenzie CJ. Switching on oxygen activation by cobalt complexes of pentadentate ligands. Dalton Trans 2011; 40:10698-707. [DOI: 10.1039/c1dt10594a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
|
35
|
Sameera WMC, McKenzie CJ, McGrady JE. On the mechanism of water oxidation by a bimetallic manganese catalyst: A density functional study. Dalton Trans 2011; 40:3859-70. [DOI: 10.1039/c0dt01362e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|