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De Zio S, Becconi M, Soldà A, Malferrari M, Lesch A, Rapino S. Glucose micro-biosensor for scanning electrochemical microscopy characterization of cellular metabolism in hypoxic microenvironments. Bioelectrochemistry 2023; 150:108343. [PMID: 36608371 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2022.108343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mapping of the metabolic activity of tumor tissues represents a fundamental approach to better identify the tumor type, elucidate metastatic mechanisms and support the development of targeted cancer therapies. The spatially resolved quantification of Warburg effect key metabolites, such as glucose and lactate, is essential. Miniaturized electrochemical biosensors scanned over cancer cells and tumor tissue to visualize the metabolic characteristics of a tumor is attractive but very challenging due to the limited oxygen availability in the hypoxic environments of tumors that impedes the reliable applicability of glucose oxidase-based glucose micro-biosensors. Herein, the development and application of a new glucose micro-biosensor is presented that can be reliably operated under hypoxic conditions. The micro-biosensor is fabricated in a one-step synthesis by entrapping during the electrochemically driven growth of a polymeric matrix on a platinum microelectrode glucose oxidase and a catalytically active Prussian blue type aggregate and mediator. The as-obtained functionalization improves significantly the sensitivity of the developed micro-biosensor for glucose detection under hypoxic conditions compared to normoxic conditions. By using the micro-biosensor as non-invasive sensing probe in Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy (SECM), the glucose uptake by a breast metastatic adenocarcinoma cell line, with an epithelial morphology, is measured.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona De Zio
- Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", University of Bologna, Via F. Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Maila Becconi
- Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", University of Bologna, Via F. Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Alice Soldà
- Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", University of Bologna, Via F. Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Marco Malferrari
- Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", University of Bologna, Via F. Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Andreas Lesch
- Department of Industrial Chemistry "Toso Montanari", University of Bologna, Viale del Risorgimento 4, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefania Rapino
- Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", University of Bologna, Via F. Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
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2
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Magnabosco G, Pantano MF, Rapino S, Di Giosia M, Valle F, Taxis L, Sparla F, Falini G, Pugno NM, Calvaresi M. A Plant Bioreactor for the Synthesis of Carbon Nanotube Bionic Nanocomposites. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:560349. [PMID: 33251194 PMCID: PMC7676904 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.560349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Bionic composites are an emerging class of materials produced exploiting living organisms as reactors to include synthetic functional materials in their native and highly performing structures. In this work, single wall carboxylated carbon nanotubes (SWCNT-COOH) were incorporated within the roots of living plants of Arabidopsis thaliana. This biogenic synthetic route produced a bionic composite material made of root components and SWCNT-COOH. The synthesis was possible exploiting the transport processes existing in the plant roots. Scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) measurements showed that SWCNT-COOH entered the vascular bundles of A. thaliana roots localizing within xylem vessels. SWCNT-COOH preserved their electrical properties when embedded inside the root matrix, both at a microscopic level and a macroscopic level, and did not significantly affect the mechanical properties of A. thaliana roots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Magnabosco
- Dipartimento di Chimica "Giacomo Ciamician," Alma mater Studiorum-Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Maria F Pantano
- Laboratory of Bio-Inspired, Bionic, Nano, Meta Materials and Mechanics, Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Stefania Rapino
- Dipartimento di Chimica "Giacomo Ciamician," Alma mater Studiorum-Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Matteo Di Giosia
- Dipartimento di Chimica "Giacomo Ciamician," Alma mater Studiorum-Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesco Valle
- Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati (CNR-ISMN), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Bologna, Italy
| | - Ludovic Taxis
- Laboratory of Bio-Inspired, Bionic, Nano, Meta Materials and Mechanics, Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Francesca Sparla
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma mater Studiorum-Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Falini
- Dipartimento di Chimica "Giacomo Ciamician," Alma mater Studiorum-Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Nicola M Pugno
- Laboratory of Bio-Inspired, Bionic, Nano, Meta Materials and Mechanics, Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, University of Trento, Trento, Italy.,School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Matteo Calvaresi
- Dipartimento di Chimica "Giacomo Ciamician," Alma mater Studiorum-Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Electrochemical monitoring of reactive oxygen/nitrogen species and redox balance in living cells. Anal Bioanal Chem 2019; 411:4365-4374. [PMID: 31011787 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-019-01734-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) in cells and cell redox balance are of great interest in live cells as they are correlated to several pathological and physiological conditions of living cells. ROS and RNS detection is limited due to their spatially restricted abundance: they are usually located in sub-cellular areas (e.g., in specific organelles) at low concentration. In this work, we will review and highlight the electrochemical approach to this bio-analytical issue. Combining electrochemical methods and miniaturization strategies, specific, highly sensitive, time, and spatially resolved measurements of cellular oxidative stress and redox balance analysis are possible. Graphical abstract In this work, we highlight and review the use of electrochemistry for the highly spatial and temporal resolved detection of ROS/RNS levels and of redox balance in living cells. These levels are central in several pathological and physiological conditions and the electrochemical approach is a vibrant bio-analytical trend in this field.
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Malferrari M, Ghelli A, Roggiani F, Valenti G, Paolucci F, Rugolo M, Rapino S. Reactive Oxygen Species Produced by Mutated Mitochondrial Respiratory Chains of Entire Cells Monitored Using Modified Microelectrodes. ChemElectroChem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201801424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Malferrari
- Department of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician”University of Bologna Via F. Selmi 2 40126 Bologna Italy
| | - Anna Ghelli
- Department of Pharmacy and BiotechnologiesUniversity of Bologna Via F. Selmi 3 40126 Bologna Italy
| | - Francesco Roggiani
- Department of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician”University of Bologna Via F. Selmi 2 40126 Bologna Italy
| | - Giovanni Valenti
- Department of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician”University of Bologna Via F. Selmi 2 40126 Bologna Italy
| | - Francesco Paolucci
- Department of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician”University of Bologna Via F. Selmi 2 40126 Bologna Italy
| | - Michela Rugolo
- Department of Pharmacy and BiotechnologiesUniversity of Bologna Via F. Selmi 3 40126 Bologna Italy
| | - Stefania Rapino
- Department of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician”University of Bologna Via F. Selmi 2 40126 Bologna Italy
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5
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Juzgado A, Soldà A, Ostric A, Criado A, Valenti G, Rapino S, Conti G, Fracasso G, Paolucci F, Prato M. Highly sensitive electrochemiluminescence detection of a prostate cancer biomarker. J Mater Chem B 2017; 5:6681-6687. [PMID: 32264431 DOI: 10.1039/c7tb01557g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA), a glycoprotein expressed in the prostatic epithelium endowed with enzymatic activity, is a very promising diagnostic marker for the early detection of prostate cancer. In this study, we report a novel electrochemiluminescence ELISA-like immunosensor based on carbon nanotubes and a highly specific sandwich immunoassay for the PSMA detection. To fabricate the device, an optically transparent electrode was modified with doubly functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes carrying amine groups and a monoclonal anti-PSMA antibody. Subsequently, to complete the sandwich immunosensing device, a second specific monoclonal anti-PSMA antibody was labelled with a electrochemiluminescent probe. Under optimized experimental conditions, the proposed sensing device exhibits a performance exceeding that of the state of-the-art in terms of the limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) as good as 0.88 ng mL-1 and 2.60 ng mL-1, respectively, in real complex samples such as cell lysates. In addition, the unique role of carbon nanotubes is also discussed by comparison with an analogue sensor assembled without the nanocarbon-based material.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Juzgado
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, Piazzale Europa, 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy.
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Sciutto G, Zangheri M, Prati S, Guardigli M, Mirasoli M, Mazzeo R, Roda A. Immunochemical Micro Imaging Analyses for the Detection of Proteins in Artworks. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2016; 374:32. [PMID: 27573272 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-016-0033-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The present review is aimed at reporting on the most advanced and recent applications of immunochemical imaging techniques for the localization of proteins within complex and multilayered paint stratigraphies. Indeed, a paint sample is usually constituted by the superimposition of different layers whose characterization is fundamental in the evaluation of the state of conservation and for addressing proper restoration interventions. Immunochemical methods, which are based on the high selectivity of antigen-antibody reactions, were proposed some years ago in the field of cultural heritage. In addition to enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for protein identification, immunochemical imaging methods have also been explored in the last decades, thanks to the possibility to localize the target analytes, thus increasing the amount of information obtained and thereby reducing the number of samples and/or analyses needed for a comprehensive characterization of the sample. In this review, chemiluminescent, spectroscopic and electrochemical imaging detection methods are discussed to illustrate potentialities and limits of advanced immunochemical imaging systems for the analysis of paint cross-sections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Sciutto
- Department of Chemistry "G. Ciamician", Microchemistry and Microscopy Art Diagnostic Laboratory (M2ADL), University of Bologna, Ravenna Campus, Via Guaccimanni 42, 48100, Ravenna, Italy.
| | - Martina Zangheri
- Department of Chemistry "G. Ciamician", University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Silvia Prati
- Department of Chemistry "G. Ciamician", Microchemistry and Microscopy Art Diagnostic Laboratory (M2ADL), University of Bologna, Ravenna Campus, Via Guaccimanni 42, 48100, Ravenna, Italy
| | - Massimo Guardigli
- Department of Chemistry "G. Ciamician", University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Mara Mirasoli
- Department of Chemistry "G. Ciamician", University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Rocco Mazzeo
- Department of Chemistry "G. Ciamician", Microchemistry and Microscopy Art Diagnostic Laboratory (M2ADL), University of Bologna, Ravenna Campus, Via Guaccimanni 42, 48100, Ravenna, Italy
| | - Aldo Roda
- Department of Chemistry "G. Ciamician", University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy
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Petrizza L, Genovese D, Valenti G, Iurlo M, Fiorani A, Paolucci F, Rapino S, Marcaccio M. Electrochemical and Surface Characterization of Dense Monolayers Grafted on ITO and Si/SiO2
Surfaces via Tetra(tert
-Butoxy)Tin Linker. ELECTROANAL 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201600262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luca Petrizza
- Dipartimento di Chimica “G. Ciamician”; Università di Bologna; via Selmi 2 40126 Bologna Italy
| | - Damiano Genovese
- Dipartimento di Chimica “G. Ciamician”; Università di Bologna; via Selmi 2 40126 Bologna Italy
| | - Giovanni Valenti
- Dipartimento di Chimica “G. Ciamician”; Università di Bologna; via Selmi 2 40126 Bologna Italy
| | - Matteo Iurlo
- Dipartimento di Chimica “G. Ciamician”; Università di Bologna; via Selmi 2 40126 Bologna Italy
| | - Andrea Fiorani
- Dipartimento di Chimica “G. Ciamician”; Università di Bologna; via Selmi 2 40126 Bologna Italy
| | - Francesco Paolucci
- Dipartimento di Chimica “G. Ciamician”; Università di Bologna; via Selmi 2 40126 Bologna Italy
| | - Stefania Rapino
- Dipartimento di Chimica “G. Ciamician”; Università di Bologna; via Selmi 2 40126 Bologna Italy
| | - Massimo Marcaccio
- Dipartimento di Chimica “G. Ciamician”; Università di Bologna; via Selmi 2 40126 Bologna Italy
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Rapino S, Marcu R, Bigi A, Soldà A, Marcaccio M, Paolucci F, Pelicci PG, Giorgio M. Scanning electro-chemical microscopy reveals cancer cell redox state. Electrochim Acta 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2015.04.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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9
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Fiorani A, Rapino S, Fioravanti G, Valenti G, Marcaccio M, Paolucci F. Local desorption of thiols by scanning electrochemical microscopy: patterning and tuning the reactivity of self-assembled monolayers. J Solid State Electrochem 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10008-015-3020-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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10
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Das A, Theato P. Activated Ester Containing Polymers: Opportunities and Challenges for the Design of Functional Macromolecules. Chem Rev 2015; 116:1434-95. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 285] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anindita Das
- Institute
for Technical and
Macromolecular Chemistry, University of Hamburg, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Patrick Theato
- Institute
for Technical and
Macromolecular Chemistry, University of Hamburg, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany
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11
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Adams SJ, Lewis DJ, Preece JA, Pikramenou Z. Luminescent gold surfaces for sensing and imaging: patterning of transition metal probes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2014; 6:11598-11608. [PMID: 24933581 DOI: 10.1021/am502347c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Luminescent transition metal complexes are introduced for the microcontact printing of optoelectronic devices. Novel ruthenium(II), RubpySS, osmium(II), OsbpySS, and cyclometalated iridium(III), IrbpySS, bipyridyl complexes with long spacers between the surface-active groups and the metal were developed to reduce the distance-dependent, nonradiative quenching pathways by the gold surface. Indeed, surface-immobilized RubpySS and IrbpySS display strong red and green luminescence, respectively, on planar gold surfaces with luminescence lifetimes of 210 ns (RubpySS·Au) and 130 and 12 ns (83%, 17%) (IrbpySS·Au). The modified surfaces show enhancement of their luminescence lifetime in comparison with solutions of the respective metal complexes, supporting the strong luminescence signal observed and introducing them as ideal inorganic probes for imaging applications. Through the technique of microcontact printing, complexes were assembled in patterns defined by the stamp. Images of the red and green patterns rendered by the RubpySS·Au and IrbpySS·Au monolayers were revealed by luminescence microscopy studies. The potential of the luminescent surfaces to respond to biomolecular recognition events is demonstrated by addition of the dominant blood-pool protein, bovine serum albumin (BSA). Upon treatment of the surface with a BSA solution, the RubpySS·Au and IrbpySS·Au monolayers display a large luminescence signal increase, which can be quantified by time-resolved measurements. The interaction of BSA was also demonstrated by surface plasmon resonance (SPR) studies of the surfaces and in solution by circular dichroism spectroscopy (CD). Overall, the assembly of arrays of designed coordination complexes using a simple and direct μ-contact printing method is demonstrated in this study and represents a general route toward the manufacture of micropatterned optoelectronic devices designed for sensing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel J Adams
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham , Edgbaston, Birmingham, West Midlands B15 2TT, United Kingdom
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12
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Localization of proteins in paint cross-sections by scanning electrochemical microscopy as an alternative immunochemical detection technique. Anal Chim Acta 2014; 831:31-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2014.04.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2014] [Revised: 04/26/2014] [Accepted: 04/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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13
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High-throughput scanning electrochemical microscopy brushing of strongly tilted and curved surfaces. Electrochim Acta 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2013.03.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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14
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Local control of protein binding and cell adhesion by patterned organic thin films. Anal Bioanal Chem 2013; 405:3673-91. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-013-6748-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2012] [Revised: 01/08/2013] [Accepted: 01/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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15
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Zamolo VA, Valenti G, Venturelli E, Chaloin O, Marcaccio M, Boscolo S, Castagnola V, Sosa S, Berti F, Fontanive G, Poli M, Tubaro A, Bianco A, Paolucci F, Prato M. Highly sensitive electrochemiluminescent nanobiosensor for the detection of palytoxin. ACS NANO 2012; 6:7989-7997. [PMID: 22913785 DOI: 10.1021/nn302573c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Marine toxins appear to be increasing in many areas of the world. An emerging problem in the Mediterranean Sea is represented by palytoxin (PlTX), one of the most potent marine toxins, frequently detected in seafood. Due to the high potential for human toxicity of PlTX, there is a strong and urgent need for sensitive methods toward its detection and quantification. We have developed an ultrasensitive electrochemiluminescence-based sensor for the detection of PlTX, taking advantage of the specificity provided by anti-PlTX antibodies, the good conductive properties of carbon nanotubes, and the excellent sensitivity achieved by a luminescence-based transducer. The sensor was able to produce a concentration-dependent light signal, allowing PlTX quantification in mussels, with a limit of quantification (LOQ = 2.2 μg/kg of mussel meat) more than 2 orders of magnitude more sensitive than that of the commonly used detection techniques, such as LC-MS/MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Anna Zamolo
- Center of Excellence on Nanostructured Materials, Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, and INSTM, Unit of Trieste, University of Trieste, P.le Europa 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
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Battistel D, Daniele S, Fratter D. A scanning electrochemical microscopy procedure for micropatterning Al2O3-thin films deposited on a platinum substrate. Electrochim Acta 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2012.06.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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