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Berressem F, Scherer C, Andrienko D, Nikoubashman A. Ultra-coarse-graining of homopolymers in inhomogeneous systems. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2021; 33:254002. [PMID: 33845463 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/abf6e2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We develop coarse-grained (CG) models for simulating homopolymers in inhomogeneous systems, focusing on polymer films and droplets. If the CG polymers interact solely through two-body potentials, then the films and droplets either dissolve or collapse into small aggregates, depending on whether the effective polymer-polymer interactions have been determined from reference simulations in the bulk or at infinite dilution. To address this shortcoming, we include higher order interactions either through an additional three-body potential or a local density-dependent potential (LDP). We parameterize the two- and three-body potentials via force matching, and the LDP through relative entropy minimization. While the CG models with three-body interactions fail at reproducing stable polymer films and droplets, CG simulations with an LDP are able to do so. Minor quantitative differences between the reference and the CG simulations, namely a slight broadening of interfaces accompanied by a smaller surface tension in the CG simulations, can be attributed to the deformation of polymers near the interfaces, which cannot be resolved in the CG representation, where the polymers are mapped to spherical beads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Berressem
- Institute of Physics, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Staudingerweg 7, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Christoph Scherer
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Denis Andrienko
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Arash Nikoubashman
- Institute of Physics, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Staudingerweg 7, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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2
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Di Maiolo F, Brey D, Binder R, Burghardt I. Quantum dynamical simulations of intra-chain exciton diffusion in an oligo (para-phenylene vinylene) chain at finite temperature. J Chem Phys 2020; 153:184107. [PMID: 33187420 DOI: 10.1063/5.0027588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
We report on quantum dynamical simulations of exciton diffusion in an oligo(para-phenylene vinylene) chain segment with 20 repeat units (OPV-20) at finite temperature, complementary to our recent study of the same system at T = 0 K [R. Binder and I. Burghardt, J. Chem. Phys. 152, 204120 (2020)]. Accurate quantum dynamical simulations are performed using the multi-layer multi-configuration time-dependent Hartree method as applied to a site-based Hamiltonian comprising 20 electronic states of Frenkel type and 460 vibrational modes, including site-local quinoid-distortion modes along with site-correlated bond-length alternation (BLA) modes, ring torsional modes, and an explicit harmonic-oscillator bath. A first-principles parameterized Frenkel-Holstein type Hamiltonian is employed, which accounts for correlations between the ring torsional modes and the anharmonically coupled BLA coordinates located at the same junction. Thermally induced fluctuations of the torsional modes are described by a stochastic mean-field approach, and their impact on the excitonic motion is characterized in terms of the exciton mean-squared displacement. A normal diffusion regime is observed under periodic boundary conditions, apart from transient localization features. Even though the polaronic exciton species are comparatively weakly bound, exciton diffusion is found to be a coherent-rather than hopping type-process, driven by the fluctuations of the soft torsional modes. Similar to the previous observations for oligothiophenes, the evolution for the most part exhibits a near-adiabatic dynamics of local exciton ground states (LEGSs) that adjust to the local conformational dynamics. However, a second mechanism, involving resonant transitions between neighboring LEGSs, gains importance at higher temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Di Maiolo
- Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Goethe University, Max-von-Laue-Str. 7, 60438 Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Dominik Brey
- Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Goethe University, Max-von-Laue-Str. 7, 60438 Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Robert Binder
- Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Goethe University, Max-von-Laue-Str. 7, 60438 Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Irene Burghardt
- Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Goethe University, Max-von-Laue-Str. 7, 60438 Frankfurt/Main, Germany
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3
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Liu C, Hu W, Jiang H, Liu G, Han CC, Sirringhaus H, Boué F, Wang D. Chain Conformation and Aggregation Structure Formation of a High Charge Mobility DPP-Based Donor–Acceptor Conjugated Polymer. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c01646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chang Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wenxian Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hanqiu Jiang
- Spallation Neutron Source Science Centre, Dongguan 523803, China
| | - Guoming Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Charles C. Han
- CAS Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Henning Sirringhaus
- Optoelectronics Group, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - François Boué
- Laboratoire Léon Brillouin, UMR 12 CEA-CNRS-UPSay,
CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Dujin Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Dias KDS, Savedra RML, de Magalhães CET, Siqueira MF. Solvent influence on molecular interactions in the bulk of fluorene copolymer films. RSC Adv 2020; 10:20772-20777. [PMID: 35517723 PMCID: PMC9054281 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra02058c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of intermolecular interactions between the chains of the amorphous PFO–MEH-PPV films built from toluene and tetrahydrofuran (THF) were studied by atomistic molecular dynamics simulations, applying a successive solvent removal procedure. In the good solvent toluene, the incidence of topological entanglements is more significant. While in the poor solvent, coplanar interactions between neighbouring segments of the chains were also found, which is characteristics of cohesional entanglements. Structure factor curves of the films showed three peaks associated with the microstructure of the film, as previously reported by WAX diffractogram measurements. Moreover, the good solvent promotes more flexibility in dihedral angles, and the chains become nearer to each other. The effect of intermolecular interactions between the chains of the amorphous PFO–MEH-PPV films built from toluene and tetrahydrofuran (THF) were studied by atomistic molecular dynamics simulations, applying a successive solvent removal procedure.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina da Silva Dias
- Department of Physics, MolSMat - Molecular Simulation of Materials, Laboratory of Computational Simulation (LabSimCo), Federal University of Ouro Preto 35400-000 Ouro Preto MG Brazil
| | - Ranylson Marcello Leal Savedra
- Department of Physics, MolSMat - Molecular Simulation of Materials, Laboratory of Computational Simulation (LabSimCo), Federal University of Ouro Preto 35400-000 Ouro Preto MG Brazil .,Department of Physics, Laboratory of Polymers and Electronic Properties of Materials (LAPPEM), Federal University of Ouro Preto Ouro Preto MG Brazil
| | - Carlos Eduardo Tavares de Magalhães
- Department of Physics, MolSMat - Molecular Simulation of Materials, Laboratory of Computational Simulation (LabSimCo), Federal University of Ouro Preto 35400-000 Ouro Preto MG Brazil
| | - Melissa Fabíola Siqueira
- Department of Physics, MolSMat - Molecular Simulation of Materials, Laboratory of Computational Simulation (LabSimCo), Federal University of Ouro Preto 35400-000 Ouro Preto MG Brazil .,Department of Physics, Laboratory of Polymers and Electronic Properties of Materials (LAPPEM), Federal University of Ouro Preto Ouro Preto MG Brazil
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Greco C, Melnyk A, Kremer K, Andrienko D, Daoulas KC. Generic Model for Lamellar Self-Assembly in Conjugated Polymers: Linking Mesoscopic Morphology and Charge Transport in P3HT. Macromolecules 2019; 52:968-981. [PMID: 30792553 PMCID: PMC6376450 DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b01863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
We develop a generic coarse-grained model of soluble conjugated polymers, capable of describing their self-assembly into a lamellar mesophase. Polymer chains are described by a hindered-rotation model, where interaction centers represent entire repeat units, including side chains. We introduce soft anisotropic nonbonded interactions to mimic the potential of mean force between atomistic repeat units. The functional form of this potential reflects the symmetry of the molecular order in a lamellar mesophase. The model can generate both nematic and lamellar (sanidic smectic) molecular arrangements. We parametrize this model for a soluble conjugated polymer poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and demonstrate that the simulated lamellar mesophase matches morphologies of low molecular weight P3HT, experimentally observed at elevated temperatures. A qualitative charge-transport model allows us to link local chain conformations and mesoscale order to charge transport. In particular, it shows how coarsening of lamellar domains and chain extension increase the charge carrier mobility. By modeling large systems and long chains, we can capture transport between lamellar layers, which is due to rare, but thermodynamically allowed, backbone bridges between neighboring layers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Greco
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Anton Melnyk
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Kurt Kremer
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Denis Andrienko
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Kostas Ch. Daoulas
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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Kuei B, Gomez ED. Chain conformations and phase behavior of conjugated polymers. SOFT MATTER 2016; 13:49-67. [PMID: 27506183 DOI: 10.1039/c6sm00979d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Conjugated polymers may play an important role in various emerging optoelectronic applications because they combine the chemical versatility of organic molecules and the flexibility, stretchability and toughness of polymers with semiconducting properties. Nevertheless, in order to achieve the full potential of conjugated polymers, a clear description of how their structure, morphology, and macroscopic properties are interrelated is needed. We propose that the starting point for understanding conjugated polymers includes understanding chain conformations and phase behavior. Efforts to predict and measure the persistence length have significantly refined our intuition of the chain stiffness, and have led to predictions of nematic-to-isotropic transitions. Exploring mixing between conjugated polymers and small molecules or other polymers has demonstrated tremendous advancements in attaining the needed properties for various optoelectronic devices. Current efforts continue to refine our knowledge of chain conformations and phase behavior and the factors that influence these properties, thereby providing opportunities for the development of novel optoelectronic materials based on conjugated polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brooke Kuei
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Enrique D Gomez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA. and Materials Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
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Venkatanarayanan RI, Krishnan S, Sreeram A, Yuya PA, Patel NG, Tandia A, McLaughlin JB. Simulated Dilatometry and Static Deformation Prediction of Glass Transition and Mechanical Properties of Polyacetylene and Poly(para-phenylene vinylene). MACROMOL THEOR SIMUL 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/mats.201600006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sitaraman Krishnan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering; Clarkson University; Potsdam NY 13699 USA
| | - Arvind Sreeram
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering; Clarkson University; Potsdam NY 13699 USA
| | - Philip A. Yuya
- Department of Mechanical and Aeronautical Engineering; Clarkson University; Potsdam NY 13699 USA
| | - Nimitt G. Patel
- Department of Mechanical and Aeronautical Engineering; Clarkson University; Potsdam NY 13699 USA
- Materials Science and Engineering Ph.D. Program; Clarkson University; Potsdam NY 13699 USA
| | - Adama Tandia
- Corning Incorporated; 1 Science Center Drive Corning NY 14831 USA
| | - John B. McLaughlin
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering; Clarkson University; Potsdam NY 13699 USA
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Zhugayevych A, Tretiak S. Theoretical Description of Structural and Electronic Properties of Organic Photovoltaic Materials. Annu Rev Phys Chem 2015; 66:305-30. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physchem-040214-121440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andriy Zhugayevych
- Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545;
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow, Russia 143025
| | - Sergei Tretiak
- Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545;
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Gemünden P, Poelking C, Kremer K, Daoulas K, Andrienko D. Effect of Mesoscale Ordering on the Density of States of Polymeric Semiconductors. Macromol Rapid Commun 2015; 36:1047-53. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201400725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Revised: 01/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Carl Poelking
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research; 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Kurt Kremer
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research; 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Kostas Daoulas
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research; 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Denis Andrienko
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research; 55128 Mainz Germany
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10
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Fukuda M, Zhang H, Ishiguro T, Fukuzawa K, Itoh S. Structure-based coarse-graining for inhomogeneous liquid polymer systems. J Chem Phys 2013; 139:054901. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4817192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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11
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Chen JT, Hsu CS. Poly(2,3-diphenyl-1,4-phenylenevinylene) (DP-PPV) derivatives: Synthesis, properties, and their applications in polymer light-emitting diodes. POLYMER 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2013.04.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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12
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Prasitnok K, Wilson MR. A coarse-grained model for polyethylene glycol in bulk water and at a water/air interface. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2013; 15:17093-104. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cp52958d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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13
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Muccioli L, D’Avino G, Berardi R, Orlandi S, Pizzirusso A, Ricci M, Roscioni OM, Zannoni C. Supramolecular Organization of Functional Organic Materials in the Bulk and at Organic/Organic Interfaces: A Modeling and Computer Simulation Approach. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2013; 352:39-101. [DOI: 10.1007/128_2013_470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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14
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Ren XK, Wu YC, Wang SJ, Jiang SD, Zheng JF, Yang S, Chen EQ, Wang CL, Hsu CS. Crystal Structure and Molecular Packing Behavior of Poly(2,3-diphenyl-1,4-phenylenevinylene) Derivatives Containing Alkyl Side-Chains. Macromolecules 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/ma302082x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Kui Ren
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering and Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yu-Chun Wu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Hsin-Chu, 30010 Taiwan
| | - Shao-Jie Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering and Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Shi-Dong Jiang
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jun-Feng Zheng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering and Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Shuang Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering and Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Er-Qiang Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering and Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Chien-Lung Wang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Hsin-Chu, 30010 Taiwan
| | - Chain-Shu Hsu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Hsin-Chu, 30010 Taiwan
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15
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Jochum M, Andrienko D, Kremer K, Peter C. Structure-based coarse-graining in liquid slabs. J Chem Phys 2012; 137:064102. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4742067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
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16
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Bonon BMA, Atvars TDZ. Energy Transfer from Poly(Vinyl Carbazole) to a Fluorene-Vinylene Copolymer in Solution and in the Solid State†. Photochem Photobiol 2012; 88:801-9. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.2012.01133.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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17
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Anderson EB, Ingildeev D, Hermanutz F, Müller A, Schweizer M, Buchmeiser MR. Synthesis and dry-spinning fibers of sulfinyl-based poly(p-phenylene vinylene) (ppv) for semi-conductive textile applications. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2jm30186e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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