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Mdluli V, Lehnherr D, Lam YH, Chaudhry MT, Newman JA, DaSilva JO, Regalado EL. Electrosynthesis of iminophosphoranes and applications in nickel catalysis. Chem Sci 2024; 15:5980-5992. [PMID: 38665537 PMCID: PMC11041257 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc05357a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
P(v) iminophosphorane compounds are accessed via electrochemical oxidation of commercially available P(iii) phosphines, including mono-, di- and tri-dentate phosphines, as well as chiral phosphines. The reaction uses inexpensive bis(trimethylsilyl)carbodiimide as an efficient and safe aminating reagent. DFT calculations, cyclic voltammetry, and NMR studies provide insight into the reaction mechanism. The proposed mechanism reveals a special case of sequential paired electrolysis. DFT calculations of the frontier orbitals of an iminophosphorane are compared with those of the analogous phosphines and phosphine oxides. X-ray crystallographic studies of the ligands as well as a Ni-coordination complex provide structural insight for these ligands. The utility of these iminophosphoranes as ligands is demonstrated in nickel-catalyzed cross-electrophile couplings including C(sp2)-C(sp3) and C(sp2)-C(sp2) couplings, an electrochemically driven C-N cross-coupling, and a photochemical arylative C(sp3)-H functionalization. In some cases, these new ligands provide improved performance over commonly used sp2-N-based ligands (e.g. 4,4'-di-tert-butyl-2,2'-bipyridine).
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Affiliation(s)
- Velabo Mdluli
- Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc. Rahway New Jersey 07065 USA
| | - Dan Lehnherr
- Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc. Rahway New Jersey 07065 USA
| | - Yu-Hong Lam
- Modeling and Informatics, Merck & Co., Inc. Rahway New Jersey 07065 USA
| | - Mohammad T Chaudhry
- Analytical Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc. Rahway New Jersey 07065 USA
| | - Justin A Newman
- Analytical Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc. Rahway New Jersey 07065 USA
| | - Jimmy O DaSilva
- Analytical Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc. Rahway New Jersey 07065 USA
| | - Erik L Regalado
- Analytical Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc. Rahway New Jersey 07065 USA
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2
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Tannoux T, Mazaud L, Cheisson T, Casaretto N, Auffrant A. Fe II complexes supported by an iminophosphorane ligand: synthesis and reactivity. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:12010-12019. [PMID: 37581245 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt00950e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of iron complexes supported by a mixed phosphine-lutidine-iminophosphorane (PPyNP) ligand was carried out. While bidentate κ2-N,N coordination was observed for FeCl2, pincer coordination modes were adopted at cationic iron centers, either through dechlorination of [LFe(PPyNP)Cl2] (1) or direct coordination of PPyNP to Fe(OTf)2. Reaction with tert-butylisocyanide gave access to the diamagnetic octahedral complex [Fe(PPyNP)(CNtBu)3]X2 (X = OTf (4), Cl (4')). Both 1 and 4 were shown to undergo deprotonation of the phosphinomethyl group, but the resulting complexes were not active for the dehydrogenative coupling of hexan-1-ol. The hydrosilylation of acetophenones was catalyzed at room temperature with 1 mol% of a catalyst generated in situ from cationic PPyNP-supported iron triflate complexes and KHBEt3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thibault Tannoux
- Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire (LCM) CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Route de Saclay, F-91120 Palaiseau Cedex, France.
| | - Louis Mazaud
- Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire (LCM) CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Route de Saclay, F-91120 Palaiseau Cedex, France.
| | - Thibault Cheisson
- Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire (LCM) CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Route de Saclay, F-91120 Palaiseau Cedex, France.
| | - Nicolas Casaretto
- Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire (LCM) CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Route de Saclay, F-91120 Palaiseau Cedex, France.
| | - Audrey Auffrant
- Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire (LCM) CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Route de Saclay, F-91120 Palaiseau Cedex, France.
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3
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García-Garrido SE, Presa Soto A, García-Álvarez J. Iminophosphoranes (R3P NR′): From terminal to multidentate ligands in organometallic chemistry. ADVANCES IN ORGANOMETALLIC CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.adomc.2022.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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4
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Multidentate Pyridyl-Aminophosphinite and Pyridyl-Phosphoramidite Ruthenium(II) Complexes: Synthesis, Structure and Application as Levulinic Acid Hydrogenation Pre-Catalysts. Eur J Inorg Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201900640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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5
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Manikandan TS, Saranya S, Ramesh R. Synthesis and catalytic evaluation of ruthenium(II) benzhydrazone complex in transfer hydrogenation of ketones. Tetrahedron Lett 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2016.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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6
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Efficient and recyclable Ru(II) arene thioamide catalysts for transfer hydrogenation of ketones: Influence of substituent on catalytic outcome. J Organomet Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2016.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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7
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Wills M. Imino Transfer Hydrogenation Reductions. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2016; 374:14. [DOI: 10.1007/s41061-016-0013-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/13/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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8
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Wang
- ISM, Université de Bordeaux, 351 Cours de la Libération, 33405 Talence Cedex, France
| | - Didier Astruc
- ISM, Université de Bordeaux, 351 Cours de la Libération, 33405 Talence Cedex, France
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9
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Saleem F, Rao GK, Kumar A, Mukherjee G, Singh AK. Catalyst Activation with Cp*RhIII/IrIII–1,2,3-Triazole-Based Organochalcogen Ligand Complexes: Transfer Hydrogenation via Loss of Cp* and N-Methylmorpholine N-Oxide Based vs Oppenauer-Type Oxidation. Organometallics 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/om500266p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fariha Saleem
- Department
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Gyandshwar Kumar Rao
- Department
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Arun Kumar
- Department
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Goutam Mukherjee
- Department
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Ajai K. Singh
- Department
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
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García-Álvarez J, García-Garrido SE, Cadierno V. Iminophosphorane–phosphines: Versatile ligands for homogeneous catalysis. J Organomet Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2013.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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11
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García-Álvarez J, Díez J, Gimeno J, Seifried CM, Vidal C. Synthesis and Reactivity of New Rhenium(I) Complexes Containing Iminophosphorane-Phosphine Ligands: Application to the Catalytic Isomerization of Propargylic Alcohols in Ionic Liquids. Inorg Chem 2013; 52:5428-37. [DOI: 10.1021/ic4003687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joaquín García-Álvarez
- Laboratorio
de Compuestos Organometálicos y Catálisis (Unidad Asociada
al CSIC), Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica,
Instituto Universitario de Química Organometálica “Enrique
Moles,” Facultad de Química, Universidad de Oviedo,
E-33071, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Josefina Díez
- Laboratorio
de Compuestos Organometálicos y Catálisis (Unidad Asociada
al CSIC), Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica,
Instituto Universitario de Química Organometálica “Enrique
Moles,” Facultad de Química, Universidad de Oviedo,
E-33071, Oviedo, Spain
| | - José Gimeno
- Laboratorio
de Compuestos Organometálicos y Catálisis (Unidad Asociada
al CSIC), Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica,
Instituto Universitario de Química Organometálica “Enrique
Moles,” Facultad de Química, Universidad de Oviedo,
E-33071, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Christine M. Seifried
- Laboratorio
de Compuestos Organometálicos y Catálisis (Unidad Asociada
al CSIC), Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica,
Instituto Universitario de Química Organometálica “Enrique
Moles,” Facultad de Química, Universidad de Oviedo,
E-33071, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Cristian Vidal
- Laboratorio
de Compuestos Organometálicos y Catálisis (Unidad Asociada
al CSIC), Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica,
Instituto Universitario de Química Organometálica “Enrique
Moles,” Facultad de Química, Universidad de Oviedo,
E-33071, Oviedo, Spain
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12
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Alajarin M, Lopez-Leonardo C, Llamas-Lorente P, Raja R, Bautista D, Orenes RA. Palladium complexes derived from N,N-bidentate NH-iminophosphorane ligands: synthesis and use as catalysts in the Sonogashira reaction. Dalton Trans 2013; 41:12259-69. [PMID: 22930075 DOI: 10.1039/c2dt31290e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The addition of primary amines to the C=C bond of diphenylalkenyl iminophosphoranes yielded a new subtype of N,N-bidentate ligands bearing N=P(V)-C-C-NH backbones. These donor ligands reacted with PdCl(2)(COD) to give the corresponding σN,σN-palladium complexes containing secondary amino groups, bearing an intrinsically chiral nitrogen atom, and iminophosphorane units. These new complexes have been fully characterized by the use of spectroscopic techniques and X-ray crystallography. The comparison of the data extracted from their solution NMR spectra with their solid state structures demonstrated the conformational stability of their six-membered chelate ring and also the configurational stability of the chiral nitrogen atom, thus ruling out an arm-off racemization process. The addition of the chiral, racemic α-methylbenzylamine to the prochiral P-alkenyl iminophosphoranes yielded mixtures of the two expected diasteroisomeric ligands in low diastereoisomeric ratios. One of these mixtures was resolved into their components, each one in turn giving rise to a pair of diasteromeric palladium complexes epimeric at the amino nitrogen atom. One selected example of the new complexes efficiently catalyzes the copper- and amine-free Sonogashira reaction of aryl halides with acetylenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateo Alajarin
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Regional Campus of International Excellence Campus Mare Nostrum, Universidad de Murcia, E-30100 Murcia, Spain.
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13
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Cao TPA, Labouille S, Auffrant A, Jean Y, Le Goff XF, Le Floch P. Pd(II) and Ni(II) complexes featuring a "phosphasalen" ligand: synthesis and DFT study. Dalton Trans 2011; 40:10029-37. [PMID: 21879090 DOI: 10.1039/c1dt10906e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A phosphorus analog of salen ligands featuring iminophosphorane functionalities in place of the imine groups was synthesised in 2 steps from o-diphenylphosphinophenol via the preparation of the corresponding bis-aminophosphonium salt. This novel tetradentate ligand (1), which we named phosphasalen, was coordinated to Pd(II) and Ni(II) metal centres affording complexes 6 and 7 respectively, which were characterised by multinuclear NMR, elemental and X-ray diffraction analyses. Both neutral complexes adopt a nearly square-planar geometry around the metal with coordination of all iminophosphorane and phenolate moieties. The electronic properties of these new complexes were investigated by cyclic voltammetry and comparison with known salens was made when possible. Moreover, the particular behaviour of the phosphasalen nickel complex 7 was further investigated through magnetic moment measurements and a DFT study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi-Phuong-Anh Cao
- Laboratoire Hétéroéléments et Coordination, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS, 91128, Palaiseau Cedex, France
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14
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Dyer H, Picot A, Vendier L, Auffrant A, Le Floch P, Sabo-Etienne S. Tridentate and Tetradentate Iminophosphorane-Based Ruthenium Complexes in Catalytic Transfer Hydrogenation of Ketones. Organometallics 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/om101058m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hellen Dyer
- CNRS, LCC (Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination), Université de Toulouse, UPS, INPT, 205 Route de Narbonne, F-31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Alexandre Picot
- CNRS, LCC (Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination), Université de Toulouse, UPS, INPT, 205 Route de Narbonne, F-31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Laure Vendier
- CNRS, LCC (Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination), Université de Toulouse, UPS, INPT, 205 Route de Narbonne, F-31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Audrey Auffrant
- Laboratoire Hétéroélements et Coordination, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS, 91128 Palaiseau Cedex, France
| | - Pascal Le Floch
- Laboratoire Hétéroélements et Coordination, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS, 91128 Palaiseau Cedex, France
| | - Sylviane Sabo-Etienne
- CNRS, LCC (Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination), Université de Toulouse, UPS, INPT, 205 Route de Narbonne, F-31077 Toulouse, France
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