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Hameed F, Mohanan M, Ibrahim N, Ochonma C, Rodríguez-López J, Gavvalapalli N. Controlling π-Conjugated Polymer-Acceptor Interactions by Designing Polymers with a Mixture of π-Face Strapped and Nonstrapped Monomers. Macromolecules 2023; 56:3421-3429. [PMID: 38510570 PMCID: PMC10950295 DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.3c00175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Controlling π-conjugated polymer-acceptor complex interaction, including the interaction strength and location along the polymer backbone, is central to organic electronics and energy applications. Straps in the strapped π-conjugated polymers mask the π-face of the polymer backbone and hence are useful to control the interactions of the π-face of the polymer backbone with other polymer chains and small molecules compared to the conventional pendant solubilizing chains. Herein, we have synthesized a series of strapped π-conjugated copolymers containing a mixture of strapped and nonstrapped comonomers to control the polymer-acceptor interactions. Simulations confirmed that the acceptor is directed toward the nonstrapped repeat unit. More importantly, strapped copolymers overcome a major drawback of homopolymers and display higher photoinduced photoluminescence (PL) quenching, which is a measure of electron transfer from the polymer to acceptor, compared to that of both the strapped homopolymer and the conventional polymer with pendant solubilizing chains. We have also shown that this strategy applies not only to strapped polymers, but also to the conventional polymers with pendant solubilizing chains. The increase in PL quenching is attributed to the absence of a steric sheath around the comonomers and their random location along the polymer backbone, which enhances the probability of non-neighbor acceptor binding events along the polymer backbone. Thus, by mixing insulated and noninsulated monomers along the polymer backbone, the location of the acceptor along the polymer backbone, polymer-acceptor interaction strength, and the efficiency of photoinduced charge transfer are controllable compared to the homopolymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Hameed
- Department
of Chemistry, Georgetown University, Washington, D.C. 20057, United States
- Institute
for Soft Matter Synthesis and Metrology, Georgetown University, Washington, D.C. 20057, United States
| | - Manikandan Mohanan
- Department
of Chemistry, Georgetown University, Washington, D.C. 20057, United States
- Institute
for Soft Matter Synthesis and Metrology, Georgetown University, Washington, D.C. 20057, United States
| | - Nafisa Ibrahim
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Charles Ochonma
- Department
of Chemistry, Georgetown University, Washington, D.C. 20057, United States
- Institute
for Soft Matter Synthesis and Metrology, Georgetown University, Washington, D.C. 20057, United States
| | - Joaquín Rodríguez-López
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Nagarjuna Gavvalapalli
- Department
of Chemistry, Georgetown University, Washington, D.C. 20057, United States
- Institute
for Soft Matter Synthesis and Metrology, Georgetown University, Washington, D.C. 20057, United States
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2
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Henderson WR, Liu G, Abboud KA, Castellano RK. Tuning Supramolecular Polymer Assembly through Stereoelectronic Interactions. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:12688-12698. [PMID: 34346675 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c05522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The supramolecular polymerization of 2,11-dithia[3.3]paracyclophanes through self-complementary intermolecular and transannular amide hydrogen bonding is presented. An n → π* interaction between the amide hydrogen bonding units and the central bridging atom results from the single-point exchange of a carbon atom for a sulfur atom. This orbital donor-acceptor interaction can be strengthened by oxidizing the sulfide to a sulfone which acts to shorten the donor···acceptor distance and increase orbital overlap. Experimental signatures of the increased n → π* interaction include larger isodesmic polymerization elongation constants in solution, changes in characteristic bond stretching frequencies, and geometric/structural changes evaluated by X-ray crystallography. The experimental data are supported by extensive computational investigations of both assembling and nonassembling 2,11-dithia[3.3]paracyclophanes as well as a rationally designed model system to confirm the role of stereoelectronic effects on supramolecular polymer assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Will R Henderson
- George & Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Center for Macromolecular Science & Engineering, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, P.O. Box 117200 Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, United States
| | - Guancen Liu
- George & Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Center for Macromolecular Science & Engineering, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, P.O. Box 117200 Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, United States
| | - Khalil A Abboud
- George & Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Center for Macromolecular Science & Engineering, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, P.O. Box 117200 Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, United States
| | - Ronald K Castellano
- George & Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Center for Macromolecular Science & Engineering, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, P.O. Box 117200 Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, United States
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3
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Lillis R, Thomas MR, Mohanan M, Gavvalapalli N. Enhancing Insulated Conjugated Polymer Fluorescence Quenching by Incorporating Dithia[3.3]paracyclophanes. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c00136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Lillis
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Soft Matter Synthesis and Metrology, Georgetown University, 3700 O St NW, Washington, D.C. 20057, United States
| | - Maximillian R. Thomas
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Soft Matter Synthesis and Metrology, Georgetown University, 3700 O St NW, Washington, D.C. 20057, United States
| | - Manikandan Mohanan
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Soft Matter Synthesis and Metrology, Georgetown University, 3700 O St NW, Washington, D.C. 20057, United States
| | - Nagarjuna Gavvalapalli
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Soft Matter Synthesis and Metrology, Georgetown University, 3700 O St NW, Washington, D.C. 20057, United States
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Auffray M, Kim DH, Kim JU, Bencheikh F, Kreher D, Zhang Q, D'Aléo A, Ribierre J, Mathevet F, Adachi C. Dithia[3.3]paracyclophane Core: A Versatile Platform for Triplet State Fine‐Tuning and Through‐Space TADF Emission. Chem Asian J 2019; 14:1921-1925. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201900401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Morgan Auffray
- Sorbonne Université Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire (IPCM) UMR 8232, Chimie des Polymères 4 place Jussieu 75005 Paris France
| | - Dae Hyeon Kim
- Department of Applied Chemistry Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics Research (OPERA) Kyushu University 744 Motooka Nishi Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
| | - Jong Uk Kim
- Department of Applied Chemistry Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics Research (OPERA) Kyushu University 744 Motooka Nishi Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
| | - Fatima Bencheikh
- Department of Applied Chemistry Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics Research (OPERA) Kyushu University 744 Motooka Nishi Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
- ERATO Adachi Molecular Exciton Engeneering Project 744 Motooka Nishi Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
| | - David Kreher
- Sorbonne Université Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire (IPCM) UMR 8232, Chimie des Polymères 4 place Jussieu 75005 Paris France
| | - Qisheng Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization Department of Polymer Science and Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 P. R. China
| | - Anthony D'Aléo
- Aix Marseille Univ. CNRS, CINaM UMR 7325 Campus de Luminy, Case 913 13288 Marseille France
- Center for Quantum Nanoscience Institute for Basic Science Seoul 03760 Republic of Korea
| | - Jean‐Charles Ribierre
- Department of Applied Chemistry Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics Research (OPERA) Kyushu University 744 Motooka Nishi Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
- ERATO Adachi Molecular Exciton Engeneering Project 744 Motooka Nishi Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
| | - Fabrice Mathevet
- Sorbonne Université Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire (IPCM) UMR 8232, Chimie des Polymères 4 place Jussieu 75005 Paris France
| | - Chihaya Adachi
- Department of Applied Chemistry Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics Research (OPERA) Kyushu University 744 Motooka Nishi Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
- ERATO Adachi Molecular Exciton Engeneering Project 744 Motooka Nishi Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
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5
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Synthesis, crystal structure and electronic properties of [3.3]metaparacyclophane-bridged bimetallic ruthenium alkynyl complexes. J Organomet Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2015.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Xia J, Ou YP, Wu D, Jin GJ, Yin J, Yu GA, Liu SH. Dithia[3.3]paracyclophane-bridged bimetallic ruthenium acetylide complexes: synthesis, structures and influence of transannular π–π interactions on their electronic properties. Dalton Trans 2013; 42:14212-22. [DOI: 10.1039/c3dt51756j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Xia JL, Man WY, Zhu X, Zhang C, Jin GJ, Schauer PA, Fox MA, Yin J, Yu GA, Low PJ, Liu SH. Synthesis and Characterization of Dithia[3.3]paracyclophane-Bridged Binuclear Ruthenium Vinyl and Alkynyl Complexes. Organometallics 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/om300338j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Long Xia
- Key Laboratory
of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, People’s
Republic of China
| | - Wing Y. Man
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, U.K
| | - Xinxun Zhu
- Key Laboratory
of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, People’s
Republic of China
| | - Chan Zhang
- Key Laboratory
of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, People’s
Republic of China
| | - Guo-Jun Jin
- Key Laboratory
of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, People’s
Republic of China
| | - Phil A. Schauer
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, U.K
| | - Mark A. Fox
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, U.K
| | - Jun Yin
- Key Laboratory
of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, People’s
Republic of China
| | - Guang-Ao Yu
- Key Laboratory
of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, People’s
Republic of China
| | - Paul J. Low
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, U.K
| | - Sheng Hua Liu
- Key Laboratory
of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, People’s
Republic of China
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Ou YP, Jiang C, Wu D, Xia J, Yin J, Jin S, Yu GA, Liu SH. Synthesis, Characterization, and Properties of Anthracene-Bridged Bimetallic Ruthenium Vinyl Complexes [RuCl(CO)(PMe3)3]2(μ-CH═CH-anthracene-CH═CH). Organometallics 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/om200622q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Ping Ou
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chuanyin Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, People’s Republic of China
| | - Di Wu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianlong Xia
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun Yin
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shan Jin
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guang-Ao Yu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, People’s Republic of China
| | - Sheng Hua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, People’s Republic of China
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