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Gribble GW. Naturally Occurring Organohalogen Compounds-A Comprehensive Review. PROGRESS IN THE CHEMISTRY OF ORGANIC NATURAL PRODUCTS 2023; 121:1-546. [PMID: 37488466 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-26629-4_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
The present volume is the third in a trilogy that documents naturally occurring organohalogen compounds, bringing the total number-from fewer than 25 in 1968-to approximately 8000 compounds to date. Nearly all of these natural products contain chlorine or bromine, with a few containing iodine and, fewer still, fluorine. Produced by ubiquitous marine (algae, sponges, corals, bryozoa, nudibranchs, fungi, bacteria) and terrestrial organisms (plants, fungi, bacteria, insects, higher animals) and universal abiotic processes (volcanos, forest fires, geothermal events), organohalogens pervade the global ecosystem. Newly identified extraterrestrial sources are also documented. In addition to chemical structures, biological activity, biohalogenation, biodegradation, natural function, and future outlook are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordon W Gribble
- Department of Chemistry, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA.
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2
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Cuny E. Stereoselective Synthesis of 1,6,9-Tri-oxaspiro[4.5]decanes From d-Glucose: Novel Structural Motifs of Spiroacetal Natural Products. Nat Prod Commun 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x20909175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Spiroacetals are the central structural core element of numerous natural products and are essential for their biological activity. A typical structural representative of a spiroacetal is the bicyclic 1,6-dioxaspiro[4.5]decane ring system. It represents the complete or partial structure of many biologically potent natural products such as the Paravespula pheromone 1, the antibiotic (+)-monensin A 2, the anticancer agent (−)-berkelic acid 3, the antimitotic ingredient spirastrellolide F, characterized after methylation as (+)-methyl ester 4, and the marine toxin (−)-calyculin A 5. In these compounds, the 1,6-dioxaspiro[4.5]decane ring system is found in either spiro ( R)-6 or ( S) - 6 configuration. The corresponding 1,6,9-trioxaspiro[4.5]decane framework ( S)-7 and ( R)-7 with opposite chirality at the spiro center due to an additional oxygen atom at position 9 in the pyran portion has so far not been found in living organisms or been synthesized. To close this gap and enable structure–activity relationship studies, potentially leading to novel antibiotics and selective anticancer agents, we have developed an efficient and stereocontrolled route to the ( R)- and ( S)-configurated 1,6,9-trioxaspiro[4.5]decane ring system leading to oxa analog motifs of the above natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eckehard Cuny
- Department of Chemistry, Clemens-Schöpf-Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Darmstadt Technical University, Darmstadt, Germany
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3
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Chen R, Yang S, Zhang Y. Recent progress in the total synthesis of marine brominated sesquiterpene aplydactone. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:1036-1045. [PMID: 31961356 DOI: 10.1039/c9ob02642h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Aplydactone is a brominated sesquiterpene isolated from the sea hare Aplysia dactylomela. Structurally, it features a complex cage-like skeleton containing a highly strained tricyclic-[4.2.0.03,8]-4-decanone system. Its unique structural features have fascinated many synthetic chemists. In this review, the synthetic efforts towards aplydactone in the last five years are summarized in two categories including nonbiomimetic synthesis and biomimetic synthesis based on the core synthetic strategy. These syntheses set a classical and instructive example for the syntheses of other marine natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renzhi Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, iChEM, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China.
| | - Sihan Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, iChEM, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China.
| | - Yandong Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, iChEM, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China.
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4
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Heravi MM, Zadsirjan V, Saedi P, Momeni T. Applications of Friedel-Crafts reactions in total synthesis of natural products. RSC Adv 2018; 8:40061-40163. [PMID: 35558228 PMCID: PMC9091380 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra07325b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the years, Friedel-Crafts (FC) reactions have been acknowledged as the most useful and powerful synthetic tools for the construction of a special kind of carbon-carbon bond involving an aromatic moiety. Its stoichiometric and, more recently, its catalytic procedures have extensively been studied. This reaction in recent years has frequently been used as a key step (steps) in the total synthesis of natural products and targeted complex bioactive molecules. In this review, we try to underscore the applications of intermolecular and intramolecular FC reactions in the total syntheses of natural products and complex molecules, exhibiting diverse biological properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid M Heravi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Alzahra University Vanak Tehran Iran +98 2188041344 +98 9121329147
| | - Vahideh Zadsirjan
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Alzahra University Vanak Tehran Iran +98 2188041344 +98 9121329147
| | - Pegah Saedi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Alzahra University Vanak Tehran Iran +98 2188041344 +98 9121329147
| | - Tayebeh Momeni
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Alzahra University Vanak Tehran Iran +98 2188041344 +98 9121329147
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Akagawa K, Kudo K. Iterative Polyketide Synthesis via a Consecutive Carbonyl-Protecting Strategy. J Org Chem 2018; 83:4279-4285. [PMID: 29509410 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b00497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
To address the difficulty in protecting a β-polycarbonyl compound, a method for the sequential protection of elongating carbonyl groups was demonstrated. The iterative chain elongation of a carboxylic acid with malonic acid half thioester followed by the protection of the resulting β-ketothioester was performed via the stepwise formation of an isoxazole ring using an O-protected oxime functionality. Yangonin and isosakuranetin were synthesized according to this procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kengo Akagawa
- Institute of Industrial Science , The University of Tokyo , 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku , Tokyo 153-8505 , Japan
| | - Kazuaki Kudo
- Institute of Industrial Science , The University of Tokyo , 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku , Tokyo 153-8505 , Japan
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Akagawa K, Kudo K. Biomimetic iterative method for polyketide synthesis. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 53:8645-8648. [PMID: 28617504 DOI: 10.1039/c7cc04033d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
An iterative method for synthesizing polyketides was demonstrated, in which the chain elongation of a carboxylic acid was performed by decarboxylative dehydration condensation with a malonic acid half thioester. After transforming the resulting β-ketothioester into an appropriate form, the carboxylic acid functionality was regenerated for the next elongation step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kengo Akagawa
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 1538505, Japan.
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7
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Ghosh AK, Tomaine AJ, Cantwell KE. Lewis Acid Mediated Cyclizations: Diastereoselective Synthesis of Six- to Eight-Membered Substituted Cyclic Ethers. SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 2017; 49:4229-4246. [PMID: 29983455 PMCID: PMC6034514 DOI: 10.1055/s-0036-1589054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Cyclic ethers are widely abundant in natural products. Cyclic ether templates are also utilized in drug design and medicinal chemistry. Although the synthetic processes for this class of compounds have been studied extensively with respect to five- and six-membered rings, medium-sized cyclic ethers are synthetically more challenging due to a variety of factors. Herein, we report our results on the Lewis acid catalyzed synthesis of medium-sized cyclic ethers in a diastereoselective manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun K. Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Purdue University, 575 W Stadium Ave, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Anthony J. Tomaine
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Kelsey E. Cantwell
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
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8
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosuke Namba
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University
| | | | | | - Keiji Tanino
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University
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Chrzanowska M, Grajewska A, Rozwadowska MD. Asymmetric Synthesis of Isoquinoline Alkaloids: 2004-2015. Chem Rev 2016; 116:12369-12465. [PMID: 27680197 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 235] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In the past decade, the asymmetric synthesis of chiral nonracemic isoquinoline alkaloids, a family of natural products showing a wide range of structural diversity and biological and pharmaceutical activity, has been based either on continuation or improvement of known traditional methods or on new, recently developed, strategies. Both diastereoselective and enantioselective catalytic methods have been applied. This review describes the stereochemically modified traditional syntheses (the Pictet-Spengler, the Bischler-Napieralski, and the Pomeranz-Fritsch-Bobbitt) along with strategies based on closing of the nitrogen-containing ring B of the isoquinoline core by the formation of bonds between C1-N2, N2-C3, C1-N2/N2-C3, and C1-N2/C4-C4a atoms. Methods involving introduction of substituents at the C1 carbon of isoquinoline core along with syntheses applying various biocatalytic techniques have also been reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Chrzanowska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University , Umultowska 89b, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Grajewska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University , Umultowska 89b, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Maria D Rozwadowska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University , Umultowska 89b, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
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10
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Namba K, Takeuchi K, Kaihara Y, Oda M, Nakayama A, Nakayama A, Yoshida M, Tanino K. Total synthesis of palau'amine. Nat Commun 2015; 6:8731. [PMID: 26530707 PMCID: PMC4667646 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms9731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Palau'amine has received a great deal of attention in the past two decades as an attractive synthetic target by virtue of its intriguing molecular architecture and significant immunosuppressive activity. Here we report the total synthesis of palau'amine characterized by the construction of an ABDE tetracyclic ring core including a trans-bicylo[3.3.0]octane skeleton at a middle stage of total synthesis. The ABDE tetracyclic ring core is constructed by a cascade reaction of a cleavage of the N-N bond, including simultaneous formation of imine, the addition of amide anion to the resulting imine (D-ring formation) and the condensation of pyrrole with methyl ester (B-ring formation) in a single step. The synthetic palau'amine is confirmed to exhibit excellent immunosuppressive activity. The present synthetic route has the potential to help elucidate a pharmacophore as well as the mechanistic details of immunosuppressive activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosuke Namba
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Tokushima University, 1-78 Shomachi, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan
| | - Kohei Takeuchi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Tokushima University, 1-78 Shomachi, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan.,Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
| | - Yukari Kaihara
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
| | - Masataka Oda
- Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Chuo-ku, Niigata 951-8514, Japan
| | - Akira Nakayama
- Catalysis Research Center, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
| | - Atsushi Nakayama
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Tokushima University, 1-78 Shomachi, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan
| | - Masahiro Yoshida
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Tokushima University, 1-78 Shomachi, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan
| | - Keiji Tanino
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
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11
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Pérez SJ, Purino M, Miranda PO, Martín VS, Fernández I, Padrón JI. Prins Cyclization Catalyzed by a FeIII/Trimethylsilyl Halide System: The Oxocarbenium Ion Pathway versus the [2+2] Cycloaddition. Chemistry 2015; 21:15211-7. [PMID: 26471437 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201502488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sixto J Pérez
- Instituto Universitario de Bio-Orgánica "Antonio González", Universidad de La Laguna, C/Francisco Sánchez 2, 38206 La Laguna, Tenerife (Spain), Fax: (+34) 922318571
| | - Martín Purino
- Instituto Universitario de Bio-Orgánica "Antonio González", Universidad de La Laguna, C/Francisco Sánchez 2, 38206 La Laguna, Tenerife (Spain), Fax: (+34) 922318571
| | - Pedro O Miranda
- Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), C/Francisco Sánchez 3, 38206 La Laguna, Tenerife (Spain), Fax: (+34) 922260135
| | - Víctor S Martín
- Instituto Universitario de Bio-Orgánica "Antonio González", Universidad de La Laguna, C/Francisco Sánchez 2, 38206 La Laguna, Tenerife (Spain), Fax: (+34) 922318571.
| | - Israel Fernández
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid (Spain).
| | - Juan I Padrón
- Instituto Universitario de Bio-Orgánica "Antonio González", Universidad de La Laguna, C/Francisco Sánchez 2, 38206 La Laguna, Tenerife (Spain), Fax: (+34) 922318571.
- Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), C/Francisco Sánchez 3, 38206 La Laguna, Tenerife (Spain), Fax: (+34) 922260135.
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12
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Miura T, Nishida Y, Murakami M. Construction of Homoallylic Alcohols from Terminal Alkynes and Aldehydes with Installation of syn-Stereochemistry. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:6223-6. [DOI: 10.1021/ja502169d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomoya Miura
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry
and Biological Chemistry, Kyoto University, Katsura, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Yui Nishida
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry
and Biological Chemistry, Kyoto University, Katsura, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Masahiro Murakami
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry
and Biological Chemistry, Kyoto University, Katsura, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
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13
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Song L, Lee KH, Lin Z, Tong R. Structural revision of cephalosporolide J and bassianolone. J Org Chem 2014; 79:1493-7. [PMID: 24417265 DOI: 10.1021/jo402602h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The NMR spectra for three "natural" products: cephalosporolide C (Ces-C), cephalosporolide J (Ces-J), and bassianolone were found to be identical, and we proposed that Ces-C was the correct structure for the reported spectra. The first total synthesis of the proposed structure for Ces-J was achieved to support our structural revision for Ces-J. Chemical transformations of bassianolone and computational prediction of (13)C NMR spectra allowed us to conclude that Ces-C was the correct structure for bassianolone. Our synthetic and computational studies suggested that these "different" natural products Ces-C, Ces-J, and bassianolone have the same structure: Ces-C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyan Song
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology , Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
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14
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Das J, Bhan A, Mandal SS, Lovely CJ. Total syntheses and cytotoxicity of kealiiquinone, 2-deoxy-2-aminokealiiquinone and analogs. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2013; 23:6183-7. [PMID: 24076171 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.08.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2013] [Revised: 08/20/2013] [Accepted: 08/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Concise syntheses of two Leucetta-derived naphthimidazole alkaloids, kealiiquinone and 2-deoxy-2-aminokealiiquinone, are described based on a biosynthetic-guided hypothesis. Advanced intermediates containing the full naphthimidazole framework are constructed through Friedel-Crafts chemistry followed by oxidation of the electron rich C-ring with hydrogen peroxide. The cytotoxicity of these alkaloids in a breast cancer cell line along with several closely related marine-derived natural products kealiinines A-C and analogs are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayanta Das
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, United States
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15
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Miura T, Nishida Y, Morimoto M, Murakami M. Enantioselective Synthesis of Anti Homoallylic Alcohols from Terminal Alkynes and Aldehydes Based on Concomitant Use of a Cationic Iridium Complex and a Chiral Phosphoric Acid. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:11497-500. [DOI: 10.1021/ja405790t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomoya Miura
- Department of Synthetic
Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Kyoto University, Katsura, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Yui Nishida
- Department of Synthetic
Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Kyoto University, Katsura, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Masao Morimoto
- Department of Synthetic
Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Kyoto University, Katsura, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Masahiro Murakami
- Department of Synthetic
Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Kyoto University, Katsura, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
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Abstract
This review covers the literature published in 2011 for marine natural products, with 870 citations (558 for the period January to December 2011) referring to compounds isolated from marine microorganisms and phytoplankton, green, brown and red algae, sponges, cnidarians, bryozoans, molluscs, tunicates, echinoderms, mangroves and other intertidal plants and microorganisms. The emphasis is on new compounds (1152 for 2011), together with the relevant biological activities, source organisms and country of origin. Biosynthetic studies, first syntheses, and syntheses that lead to the revision of structures or stereochemistries, have been included.
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Affiliation(s)
- John W Blunt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand.
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Lorente A, Lamariano-Merketegi J, Albericio F, Álvarez M. Tetrahydrofuran-containing macrolides: a fascinating gift from the deep sea. Chem Rev 2013; 113:4567-610. [PMID: 23506053 DOI: 10.1021/cr3004778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 250] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Lorente
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Barcelona Science Park, University of Barcelona, Baldiri Reixac 10, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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Das S, Induvadana B, Ramana C. Metal-mediated alkynediol cycloisomerization: first and second generation formal total syntheses of didemniserinolipid B. Tetrahedron 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2012.12.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Katoh T. Total Synthesis of Decahydrobenzo[d]xanthene Sesquiterpenoids Aureol, Strongylin A, and Stachyflin: Development of a New Strategy for the Construction of a Common Tetracyclic Core Structure. HETEROCYCLES 2013. [DOI: 10.3987/rev-13-779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Lima HM, Sivappa R, Yousufuddin M, Lovely CJ. Total synthesis of 7'-desmethylkealiiquinone. Org Lett 2012; 14:2274-7. [PMID: 22530654 DOI: 10.1021/ol300704w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The total synthesis of an analogue of the marine alkaloid kealiiquinone has been completed through application of an intramolecular Diels-Alder reaction of an imidazole-containing enyne. Oxidative aromatization of the lactone adduct and N-methylation facilitates C2-oxidation via the imidazolium salt. Conversion of the lactone to the phthalaldehyde derivative and then to the dihydroxybenzoquinone was achieved via a reaction with glyoxal in the presence of KCN. Esterification of the vinylogous diacid and deprotection provided 7'-desmethylkealiiquinone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather M Lima
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas 76019, United States
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Gordaliza M. Synthetic strategies to terpene quinones/hydroquinones. Mar Drugs 2012; 10:358-402. [PMID: 22412807 PMCID: PMC3297003 DOI: 10.3390/md10020358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2011] [Revised: 02/03/2012] [Accepted: 02/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The cytotoxic and antiproliferative properties of many natural sesquiterpene-quinones and -hydroquinones from sponges offer promising opportunities for the development of new drugs. A review dealing with different strategies for obtaining bioactive terpenyl quinones/hydroquinones is presented. The different synthetic approches for the preparation of the most relevant quinones/hydroquinones are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Gordaliza
- Farmacy Faculty and Institute of Science and Technology Studies, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, Salamanca University, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
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Fuwa H. Total Synthesis of Tetrahydropyran-Containing Natural Products Exploiting Intramolecular Oxa-Conjugate Cyclization. HETEROCYCLES 2012. [DOI: 10.3987/rev-12-730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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